GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES -- FOCUS ON CONVERSION COATING. MFG029A October 2012

Transcription

1 GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES -- FOCUS ON CONVERSION COATING MFG029A October 2012 Srinivasa Rajaram Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA , Custom Reports: carol.laverty@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT 2 INFORMATION SOURCES 2 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2 RELATED REPORTS 2 BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3 DISCLAIMER 3 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 5 SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, 6 6 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 8 DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY 8 CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY 8 IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 9 TABLE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) FIGURE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF METAL FINISHING SYSTEM 11 LIFE CYCLE COST 11 TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 11 HISTORY OF ELECTROPLATING 12 HISTORY OF BRASS PLATING 12 HISTORY OF PRECIOUS METAL PLATING 12 HISTORY OF ANODIZING 13 HISTORY OF ETCHING 13 HISTORY OF METAL CLADDING 13 HISTORY OF ENAMEL COATING 13 HISTORY OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD)/SPUTTERING 14 EMERGING METHODS FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS 14 PROCESS-INTEGRATED AUTOMATED PLATING 14 ALUMINUM PLATING FROM ORGANIC ELECTROLYTES 15 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS 15 WATER 16 ENERGY 16 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 16 COMMON WASTES FROM METAL FINISHING OPERATIONS 17 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE PREPARATION PROCESSES 17 TABLE 3 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE FINISHING PROCESSES

3 WASTEWATER 18 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE 18 AIR EMISSIONS 19 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING METAL FINISHING 19 TABLE 4 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR DEGREASERS REGULATIONS REGARDING CHLORINATED SOLVENTS 21 NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (NESHAPS) 22 NESHAP: Chromium Electroplating 22 NESHAP: Organic Solvent Degreasing 22 NESHAP: Steel Pickling, HCL 22 THE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR METAL FINISHING 22 THE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR ELECTROPLATING 23 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT 23 EUROPEAN REGULATIONS 23 END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE DIRECTIVE (ELV) DIRECTIVES 23 WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) 23 RESTRICTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (ROHS) 24 THE EUROPEAN SOLVENT EMISSIONS DIRECTIVE (SED) 24 REGULATION ON REGISTRATION, EVALUATION, AUTHORIZATION AND RESTRICTION OF CHEMICALS (REACH) WORLD WIDE REGULATIONS 24 CHINA 24 INDIA CHAPTER 4 INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES 27 OVERVIEW 27 SURFACE COATINGS 27 THE FINISHING PROCESS 28 SURFACE PREPARATION 28 REASONS FOR CLEANING 29 FACTORS AFFECTING CLEANING OPERATIONS 29 CLEANING PROCESSES 30 Solvent Cleaning 30 Alternatives to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) solvent cleaning 30 Aqueous Cleaning 30 Acid Aqueous Cleaning 31 Aqueous Alkaline Cleaning 31 Ultrasonic Cleaning 31 Benefits of Ultrasonic Cleaning 32 Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Cleaning 32 Semi-aqueous Cleaning 32 ELECTRO-CLEANING 33 Reverse or Anodic Cleaning 33 Direct or Cathodic Cleaning 33 Periodic Reverse Cleaning 33

4 ABRASIVE BLASTING 33 Dry Abrasive Blasting 34 Wet Abrasive Blasting 34 Process Description 34 Blast Cleaning Equipment 35 Blasting Wheels 35 Emissions 35 Controls 35 Typical Types of Abrasives 36 Silica Sand 36 Coal or Smelter Slag 36 Metallic, Synthetic, and Mineral 36 Organic 36 Other Cleaning Processes 36 Metal Stripping 36 Air Knives 37 Centrifuges 37 Dry Ice 37 Hand Wiping 37 Pickling, De-scaling and De-smutting 37 Vacuum De-oiling 37 Laser Ablation 38 Pressurized Gas Cleaning 38 Supercritical Fluid Cleaning 38 Plasma Cleaning 38 Liquid CO2 Immersion Cleaning 38 Etching 39 Alkaline Etching of Aluminum 39 Common Etchants: 39 Types of Etching 39 SURFACE PRETREATMENT 39 PRETREATMENT PROCESSES 40 Mechanical Pretreatment Processes 40 Chemical Pretreatment Processes 40 Electrolytic and Chemical Polishing Pretreatment for Aluminum 40 Electro-polishing Pretreatment 41 Plasma-electrolytic Polishing Pretreatment 41 METAL COATING PROCESSES 41 Electroplating 41 Methods of Electroplating 42 Types of Electroplating 42 Copper and Copper Alloy Plating 43 Brass Electroplating 43 Bronze Electroplating 43 White Bronze Electroplating 43 Nickel Electroplating 44 Nickel/Chromium Electroplating 44

5 Chromium Electroplating 45 Zinc Plating 45 Alkaline Cyanide Zinc Plating 46 Alkaline Cyanide-free Zinc Plating 46 Acid Zinc Plating 46 Zinc Alloy Plating 46 Cadmium Plating 46 Tin Plating 48 Precious Metal Plating 48 Silver Plating 48 Gold Plating 49 Palladium and Alloy Plating 50 Rhodium Plating 50 Ruthenium Plating 50 Platinum Plating 50 CONSUMABLE RAW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROPLATING 50 PROCESSING EQUIPMENT 51 HANDLING TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING AND LOADING FOR PROCESSING 51 Jigs or Racks 52 Barrels 52 ELECTRO-LESS PLATING/AUTOCATALYTIC PLATING 53 ELECTRO-LESS COPPER PLATING 53 ELECTRO-LESS NICKEL PLATING 53 SOLUTIONS USED FOR ELECTRO-LESS NICKEL PLATING 55 Areas of Application 55 VAPOR DEPOSITION (VD) 55 TABLE 5 CHART COMPARING PVD, CVD AND TD 56 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) 56 Advantages of the Physical Vapor Deposition Process 57 Disadvantages of the Physical Vapor Deposition Process 57 Materials Compatibility 57 PVD Coating Methods 58 Ion Plating/Plasma-based Plating 58 Ion Implantation 58 Pulsed Laser Deposition 58 Sputtering 59 Advantages 59 Electron Beam Deposition: 59 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) 59 Types of CVD 60 THERMO-REACTIVE DIFFUSION (TD) 60 CONVERSION COATINGS 60 TYPES OF CONVERSION COATINGS 60 Phosphate Coatings 61 Benefits of Zinc and Manganese Phosphate Conversion Coatings 61 Phosphating Process 62 Chromium Conversion Coatings 62

6 Top Coatings for Chromate Conversion Coatings 63 Anodic Coating or Anodizing 63 Chromic Acid Anodizing of Aluminum (CAA) 63 Sulfuric Acid Anodizing of Aluminum 64 Sulfuric/Boric Acid Anodizing (SBAA) 64 Anodizing of Magnesium, Titanium, Tantalum and Niobium 64 Titanium Anodizing 64 Phosphoric Acid Anodizing 64 Color Anodizing on Aluminum 64 METAL COLORING 65 SEALING FOLLOWING ANODIZING 65 Hot Sealing 66 Cold Sealing 66 NEW TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION COATINGS 66 HARD PVD CERAMIC COATINGS 66 Single Metal Nitride PVD Coatings 66 Hard PVD Ceramic Coatings with Alloying Elements 66 Hard PVD Ceramic Coatings with Super-Lattices 66 Nano-Ceramic Based Conversion Coating 67 Low Temperature/Phosphate-Free Conversion Coating 67 Benefits 67 METAL CLADDING 67 ALUMINUM CLADDING 68 LASER CLADDING 68 Advantages of Laser Cladding 68 Automation 69 GALVANIZING 70 THERMAL SPRAYING/METALIZING 70 PROCESS OF THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS 70 Basic Parameters of Thermal Spray Processes 71 TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES 71 Combustion Torch/Flame Spraying 71 Combustion Torch/High-Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spraying 71 Benefits 72 Disadvantages 72 Combustion Torch/Detonation Gun 72 Electric Arc Spraying 72 Plasma Spraying 72 PORCELAIN ENAMEL/VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 73 METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT 73 TYPES OF METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT 73 PLATING EQUIPMENT 74 Brass Plating Equipment 75 Surface Preparation 75 ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 75 SOLVENT CLEANING SYSTEMS 75 AQUEOUS CLEANING SYSTEMS 75

7 Top Loading Systems 76 Front Loading Systems 76 ULTRASONIC CLEANING SYSTEMS 76 TYPES OF ULTRASONIC CLEANING SYSTEMS 77 Single Tank Cleaning System 77 Multi Tank Cleaning Systems 77 Manual Blast Cabinets 77 Automated Blast Systems 77 PVD COATING MACHINES 77 NEWER DEVELOPMENTS IN PVD COATING TECHNOLOGY 78 BARREL PVD COATING MACHINES 78 ADVANCES IN COATINGS 78 TITANIUM NITRIDE (TIN) 79 TITANIUM CARBIDE AND NITRIDE (TICN): 79 TITANIUM ALUMINUM NITRIDE/ALUMINUM TITANIUM NITRIDE (TIALN/ALTIN) 79 CHROMIUM NITRIDE (CRN) 79 CHROMIUM NICKEL NITRIDE (CRNIN) 79 AFTER TREATMENT ACTIVITIES 80 DRYING USING HOT WATER 80 DRYING USING HOT AIR 80 DRYING USING AIR KNIVES 80 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS DURING SURFACE PREPARATION 80 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ELECTROPLATING 81 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN ELECTRO-LESS PLATING 81 PATENT ANALYSIS 81 TABLE 6 PATENTS BY COUNTRY 82 TABLE 7 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON VARIOUS CRITERIA 83 TABLE 8 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON YEAR OF ISSUE, TABLE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS BASED ON PATENTS ISSUED TO DIFFERENT COMPANIES 83 CHAPTER 5 MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES 86 OVERVIEW 86 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 86 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, REGIONAL MARKET EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 87 TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 3 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 4 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING,

8 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 13 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 90 TABLE 14 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 5 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 15 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 92 TABLE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 6 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 17 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 94 TABLE 18 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 7 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 19 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 95 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 96 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 22 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 99 TABLE 23 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES,

9 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 24 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 101 TABLE 25 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 11 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 26 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 12 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 28 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, CHAPTER 6 MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES 107 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES/ALLIED EQUIPMENT TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 108 TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 31 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 109 TABLE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 15 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 110 TABLE 33 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 111 TABLE 34 ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($

10 FIGURE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 111 TABLE 35 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT 112 TABLE 36 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 17 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 37 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, APPLICATIONS OF ANODIC COATINGS/ANODIZING 114 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 114 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ($ NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 115 TABLE 39 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 19 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 116 TABLE 40 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 20 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 117 TABLE 41 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 21 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 118 TABLE 42 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 22 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATE COATINGS 119 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT 119 TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, ($ NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT 120 TABLE 44 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 24 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT,

11 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT 121 TABLE 45 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 25 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT 122 TABLE 46 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 26 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT 123 TABLE 47 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING, EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATIC COATINGS 124 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT 125 TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, ($ NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT 126 TABLE 49 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 29 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT 126 TABLE 50 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 30 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT 127 TABLE 51 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH FIGURE 31 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT 128 TABLE 52 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 32 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 131 OVERVIEW 131 INORGANIC METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 131 DRIVING FORCES IN METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 132 MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS 132 BUSINESS PRACTICES AND ECONOMICS 132 QUALITY, RELIABILITY, AND SERVICEABILITY 132 REGULATION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS 133

12 INTEGRATION OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 133 SAFETY AND HEALTH 133 NEW TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES 133 COMPETITION 133 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 134 PROFILES OF SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES 134 PROFILES OF LEADING COATING EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLES MANUFACTURERS 135 AMERICHEM ENGINEERING SERVICES 135 ANGSTROM ENGINEERING INC. 135 ARVIND ANTICOR LTD. 136 ATOTECH OSTERREICH GMBH 136 BUFFOLI IMPIANTI SRL 137 C. UYEMURA & CO LTD 137 DALMAR PLATING AND ELECTROFORMING 137 ELECTROPLATING TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. 138 GUYSON CORPORATION OF U.S.A. 138 HARDWOOD LINE MANUFACTURING CO. 139 HAUZER TECHNO COATING BV 139 INTERNATIONAL PLATING TECHNOLOGY LLC 140 L.S. INDUSTRIES 141 MAGNUS EQUIPMENT GROUP 141 MASS FINISHING, INC. 142 METFAB TECHNOLOGIES 142 OERLIKON BALZERS HARTEC GMBH 143 PKG EQUIPMENT, INC. 143 PLATING EQUIPMENT LTD 144 PLATIT AG 145 PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 145 SCHLOETTER GESMBH 146 SEQUA CORP. 146 SERVI SURE CORP. 147 STS INDUSTRIE SA 147 TECHNIC, INC. 147 TG ENGINEERING SRL 149 TITANIUM TANTALUM PRODUCTS LIMITED (TITAN) 149 TRIMAC INDUSTRIES, LLC 149 CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX 153 TABLE 53 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF CONSUMABLES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY 154 REDUCING EMISSIONS 154 STANDARDS FOR DEGREASING 154 STANDARD FOR ANODIZING 154 ISO STANDARDS 154 SPECIFICATION STANDARDS 155 TABLE 54 ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETIES SERVING THE METAL FINISHING FIELD

13 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) 10 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE PREPARATION PROCESSES 17 TABLE 3 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE FINISHING PROCESSES 17 TABLE 4 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY TABLE 5 CHART COMPARING PVD, CVD AND TD 56 TABLE 6 PATENTS BY COUNTRY 82 TABLE 7 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON VARIOUS CRITERIA 83 TABLE 8 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON YEAR OF ISSUE, TABLE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS BASED ON PATENTS ISSUED TO DIFFERENT COMPANIES 83 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 13 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 14 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 15 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 17 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 18 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 19 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 22 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 23 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 24 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 25 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 26 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 28 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES,

14 TABLE HEADING TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 31 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 33 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 34 ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 35 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 36 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 37 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 39 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 40 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 41 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 42 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 44 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 45 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 46 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 47 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING, EQUIPMENT, TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 49 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 50 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 51 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH TABLE 52 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 53 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF CONSUMABLES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES TABLE 54 ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETIES SERVING THE METAL FINISHING FIELD

15 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 3 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 4 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 5 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 6 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 7 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 11 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 12 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF CONVERSION COATING TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 15 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, 111 FIGURE 17 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR CONVERSION COATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 19 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 20 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 21 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 22 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF ANODIZING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 24 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 25 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT,

16 FIGURE TITLE FIGURE 26 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 29 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 30 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 31 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT, ($ FIGURE 32 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CHROMATING EQUIPMENT,