EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASED FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT DURING RECYCLING. Oscar Espinoza, Peru

Transcription

1 EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASED FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT DURING RECYCLING Oscar Espinoza, Peru

2 CONTENT 1. Informality and environmental problems 2. Peru, advances in WEEE Management based on EPR Regulatory Framework, institutional framework, WEEE Treatment, Strengthening of WEEE operators, Studies, researches and awareness. 3. Hazardous components on WEEE CRT, LCD and LED monitors, computers, printers, frigidaires, luminairs, batteries, aero generators, solar panels and electric cars.

3 INFORMALITY Environmental problems in Peru

4 INFORMALITY Environmental problems in Peru

5 INFORMALITY Environmental problems in Peru

6 ADVANCES IN PERU First WEEE diagnosys for computers and mobile phones WEEE management project were designed with the the main stakeholders based on EPR Environmental Ministry with Swiss cooperation are implementing the WEEE project. Lima, Bilateral Agreement for WEEE Project

7 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK June WEEE National Regulation approved. EPR based, for all WEEE categories. July National Directive for WEEE management from public sector to National Technical Standards were developed and approved for WEEE management (mainly WEEE treatment pre processing).

8 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK August Environmental Ministry installed the Support Technical Committee for WEEE Management (CAT RAEE). 18 meetings with more than 70 public and private institutions. 150 WEEE management plans were presented by Producers, 40 are approved and in process of implementation. 50 public institutions managed more than 300 Tn. Of WEEE.

9 WEEE TREATMENT 05 formal WEEE operators have been strengthening in formalization, health, layout, infrastructure, trazability and environmental management. COIPSA, COMIMTEL, AKSTARCOM, PERU GREEN, SAN ANTONIO. More than 2,000 Tn of WEEE were treated in the last year.

10 RESEARCHES WEEE generation in Tonnes (2014) Type of WEEE Generation life (years) Accumulated WEEE PC s and components 16, , Mobile phones 2, , TV s 7, , Cooling devices 5, , Washing machines 5, , Total (tonnes) 36, ,600.00

11 TRAINING & AWARENESS

12 WEBSITE & SOCIAL NETWORKS /raeeperuoficial

13 WEEE MANAGEMENT

14 MASS BALANCE Buying and selling: 567 Tn 58% a) Plastics: 363 Tn b) Boards: 204 Tn Dissambling: 410 Tn 42% a) Hazardous: 95 Tn 23% of dissambling 2013: 977 Tn Toner: CRT glass: Lead batteries: LCD screens: Others: 58.5 Tn 25.8 Tn 5.2 Tn 4.0 Tn 1.5 Tn

15 HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS

16 CRT MONITOR Hazardous elements LEAD Uses In solder and glass panels of monitor. Efects Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system; respiratory and circulatory system. Inhibits fetal and infant neurodevelopment. CATHODE RAY TUBE Picture Tube PHOSPHORUS Coverage of the flat side of the screen Alterations of renal function and electrolyte balance. BARIO Protect users from radiation cerebral edema, muscle weakness and liver and heart damage. Note. In the picture tubes of color, the screen coating is applied in three individual components. For colors red, green and blue it is used zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide and yttrium and europium compounds used. Phosphorus (screen)

17 LCD MONITOR Hazardous Elements Arsenic Mercury Uses Small amounts in processors of liquid crystal displays LCD Fluorescent lamps in LCDs and some mercury switches with sensors. Efects Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system; respiratory and circulatory system. Inhibits fetal and infant neurodevelopment. Easy fat accumulation in living organisms (especially fish). It enters the food chain and alters fetal development and produces chronic brain damage.

18 LED MONITOR Hazardous Elements Arsenic Mercury The LED lights Uses Small amounts in processors of liquid crystal displays LCD Some mercury switches with sensors. Exposure to the screen more than 72 hrs Efects Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system; respiratory and circulatory system. Inhibits fetal and infant neurodevelopment. Easy fat accumulation in living organisms (especially fish). It enters the food chain and alters fetal development and produces chronic brain damage. Damage to human retina, and 93% of the pigment epithelial cells die if they have no protection

19 CRT, LCD, LED PLASTIC HOUSING, INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, CABLES Hazardous Elements (BFR) Poli Brominated flame retardant SELENIUM CADMIUM TBBA (Tetrabromobisphenol-A) Uses In printed circuit boards, connectors, cables and plastic housings. In the circuit boards as power supply rectifier In circuit boards and semiconductors TBBA is currently the most widely used flame retardant on circuit boards Efects Endocrine disorders (reduces the production of thyroxine); cancer in the digestive and lymphatic system; delay in fetal development. It can cause brittle hair and deformed nails. Diarrhea, stomach pain, severe vomiting, damage to the central or nervous system. TBBA has been shown to interfere with the transport and metabolism of some hormones

20 COMPUTERS Nº Element Uses 1 Lead In cathode ray tubes and solder 2 Arsénic In older CRT and LED screens 3 Antimony trioxide As a flame retardant in peripherals 4 Poli Brominated flame retardant In cables and circuit boards 5 Selenium In the circuit boards as power supply rectifier 6 Cadmium In circuit boards and semiconductors 7 Cromo In steel as anticorrosive 8 Cobalt In the steel structure and magnetism 9 Mercury At switches and covers 10 Nickel Rechargeable Ni-Cd and Ni-Hg batteries 10

21 PRINTERS LEAD PCBs Hazardous Elements Mercury (BFR) Poli Brominated flame retardant Silicon Dioxide Selenium and cadmium Uses In solder and glass panels of monitor. Large electrolytic capacitors in older equipment. Fluorescent lamps in LCDs In printed circuit boards, connectors, cables and plastic housings. Toner and ink cartridges photoconductive drums Efects Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system; respiratory and circulatory system. Inhibits fetal and infant neurodevelopment. Affect the developing nervous system It enters the food chain and alters fetal development and produces chronic brain damage. Endocrine disorders (reduces the production of thyroxine); cancer in the digestive and lymphatic system; delay in fetal development. The coal dust of black toner is a probable carcinogen damage to kidneys and bones

22 REFRIGERATORS AND FREEZERS Hazardous Elements Mercury Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are haloalkanes containing both chlorine and fluorine. Refined with bases nafténicas Uses The mercury contact switches and lights Refrigerant gas Mineral oil for cooling Efects Alter fetal development and produces chronic brain damage. It is a greenhouse gas, but does not affect the ozone layer. In case of spill contaminates soil and water.

23 LUMINARIES fluorescent Barium Hazardous Elements Mercury and Argon Arsenic Phosphorus Tungsten and volframio Uses Chamber ventilation of fluorescent lamps As gases which directs the flow of electrical current in the tube Small amounts between light emitting diodes (LED) Thin layer that lines the inside of the tube Inner filaments Efects Cerebral edema, liver damage and muscle weakness. Alter fetal development and chronic brain damage occurs It can cause rapid poisoning and death. Alterations in renal function and electrolyte balance. Seizures and renal failure with acute tubular necrosis Tantalum Capacitor on Condenser It is physiologically inert saving bulbs LED bulbs Tungsten filament

24 BATTERIES Hazardous Elements zinc Carbon alkaline other alkaline Silver oxide lithium other Nickel - Cadmium Lithium nickel Hydride Uses Alkaline Batteries Button cell Rechargeable Alkaline Battery Efects Ammonium chloride is inside the stack is acidic and reacts with zinc In excess is toxic. Mercury is also toxic and affect the skin. Nickel: Vapors and dust nickel sulphide gives suspected cancer. Cobalt: May cause cancer. Cadmium: Diarrhea, stomach pain, severe vomiting, damage to the central nervous system

25 AERO GENERATORS Hazardous Elements Uses Efects Carbon fibers and glass, sometimes reinforced with polyester Palas mill Combustion generate highly polluting and hazardous chemicals. Neodymium Rotor magnets The inappropriate driver generates pulmonary embolism Mineral oil Lubrication and cooling equipment Replacing oil, contaminates soil mismanagement. Refrigerant gas Hose systems Gas leak pollutes the environment. Lead Battery cells Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system.

26 SOLAR PANELS Hazardous Elements Arsenic, silicon and cadmium Silicon tetra chloride toxin, sulfur hexafluoride Uses Photovoltaic cells Gases of photovoltaic cells Efects They may suffer from cancer, lupus, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune disorder COPD Greenhouse gases Lead Battery cells Injury to kidney, central and peripheral nervous system.

27 ELECTRIC CARS Hazardous Elements Lithium Uses Lithium Batteries and supercapacitors Efects Hypothyroidism can generate input to prevent iodine to thyroid hormone Mineral oils Compressors Contamination of soil

28 EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASED FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT DURING RECYCLING Oscar Espinoza, Peru Thank you