Highly Robust, Transparent, and Breathable

Transcription

1 Supporting Information Highly Robust, Transparent, and Breathable Epidermal Electrode You Jun Fan,,, Xin Li,, Shuang Yang Kuang,, Lei Zhang,, Yang Hui Chen,, Lu Liu,, Ke Zhang,, Si Wei Ma,, Fei Liang,, Tao Wu, # Zhong Lin Wang,,, and Guang Zhu *,, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo , China School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu , China # New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo , China School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States * zhuguang@binn.cas.cn 1

2 KEYWORDS: nanofibers, silver nanowires, flexible electrode, epidermal electrode, electronic skin Figure S1. Micromorphology and crystal structure of the Ag NWs. (a) TEM image of the Ag NWs and corresponding SEM image in the inset. (b) TEM image of a single Ag NW, showing the bicrystallinity and growth crystal direction of [111], and the inset is corresponding diffraction pattern of [111] twin plan. (c) XRD spectra of the Ag NWs, indicating the fcc structure. (d-f) High-resolution TEM images taken from each edge of this bicrystalline Ag NW, indicating the single crystallinity of each side and corresponding crystal direction. 2

3 Figure S2. (a) The thickness of the SRCN. Height profile was measured by scanning along the red line of inset. (b) SEM image of the backside of the SRCN. Figure S3. SEM images of a series of SRCN with different Ag NW loading quantity. (a) SEM image of pure PA6 fiber. (b-f) SEM images of a series of SRCN corresponding to different values of sheet resistance. 3

4 Figure S4. Performance comparison of a series of transparent electrodes. Sheet resistance versus optical transmission (at 550 nm wavelength) of the SRCN compared with previously reported flexible electrodes based on ITO, 22 carbon nanotube, 26 graphene, 27 and coated Ag NWs. 28 Figure S5. (a) The optical transmittance spectra of the PA6 nanofiber film with 300 nm thickness. (b) Calculated transmittance spectra of the Ag NWs of different resistance. 4

5 Figure S6. Conductivity uniformity of Ag NW-based electrodes fabricated by different methods. (a-c) Area mapping of the sheet resistance of a SRCN, an Ag NW-based electrode coated on a substrate, and an Ag NW-based electrode transferred onto a substrate, respectively. Figure S7. (a) The morphology of the SRCN at maximum curvature. (b) SEM magnified view at the crimped area of the SRCN. 5

6 Figure S8. Conductivity stability of the SRCN. (a-c) Normalized resistance variation when the SRCN and a sputtered ITO electrode are subjected to bending, cyclic bending, uniaxial strain, respectively. (d) Normalized resistance of SRCN as repeatedly wetting in deionized water. Figure S9. Surface wettability of the SRCN and PA6 scaffold. (a,b) Contact angles of water on the SRCN and on the polyamide-based scaffold, respectively. 6

7 Figure S10. The SRCN with a pattern of interdigitated electrodes. (a) Photograph of the pattern of interdigitated electrodes. (b) Magnified SEM view in the pattern. 7

8 Figure S11. Interdigitated SRCN on a fingertip acting as a touch sensor. Photographs of a touch sensor before (a) and after (b) touching a metal bar. The multimeter shows the electric resistance. 8

9 Figure S12. Ultra-flexible organic photonic film. (a) and (c) Digital photos of a ultra-flexible organic photonic film under mechanical manipulations of stretching and twisting, and corresponding their emission photos in photos (b) and (d), respectively. 9

10 Table S1. The performance comparison among epidermal electrodes Materials of the epidermal electrode robustness optical transparency(t) air permeability Ref. Graphene/PDMS composite The resistance restored for the bending radius of 0.8mm. T=80% at sheet resistance 280 Ω sq -1 no air permeability 1 Coating CNT on PDMS Stretchable, the resistance increase by 71%. T=63% at sheet resistance 50 Ω sq -1 no air permeability 2 Ag NWs PVA film The resistance increase 2 3 times after 250 cycles of tensile or compressive folding. T=87.5% at sheet resistance of 63 Ω sq -1 no air permeability 3 Graphene nanoplatelet network on PDMS Sensitive to strain, maximum strain is 3.3%. T=76.3% at sheet resistance of 6.96 kω sq -1 no air permeability 4 Au nanomeshes The resistivity increases by a factor of 3 after 10,000 cycles of the finger bending test. Opaque, Conductance is S/cm air permeable 5 Ag NWs/PA6 nanofibers The resistance increases by less than 0.1% after being bent for 3,000 cycles. T=84.9% at sheet resistance of 8.2 Ω sq -1 air permeable Our work REFERENCES 1. Kim, K. S.; Zhao, Y.; Jang, H.; Lee, S. Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. S.; Ahn, J. H.; Kim, P.; Choi, J. Y.; Hong, B. H. Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. Nature. 2009, 457, Lipomi, D. J.; Vosgueritchian, M.; Tee, B. C.; Hellstrom, S. L.; Lee, J. A.; Fox, C. H.; Bao, Z. Skin-Like Pressure and Strain Sensors Based on Transparent Elastic Films of Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. nanotechnol. 2011, 6, Zeng, X. Y.; Zhang, Q. K.; Yu, R. M.; Lu, C. Z. A New Transparent Conductor: Silver Nanowire Film Buried at the Surface of a Transparent Polymer. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, Park, Y.; Shim, J.; Jeong, S.; Yi, G. R.; Chae, H.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S. O.; Pang, C.. Microtopography-Guided Conductive Patterns of Liquid-Driven Graphene Nanoplatelet Networks for Stretchable and Skin-Conformal Sensor Array. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, Miyamoto, A.; Lee, S.; Cooray, N. F.; Lee, S.; Mori, M.; Matsuhisa, N.; Jin, H.; Yoda, L.; Yokota, T.; Itoh, A.; Sekino, M.; Kawasaki, H.; Ebihara, T.; Amagai, M.; Sekino, M. 10

11 Inflammation-Free, Gas-Permeable, Lightweight, Stretchable on-skin Electronics with Nanomeshes. Nat. nanotechnol. 2017, 12,