Technical Support/ Research to the NJDOT. Thomas Bennert Rutgers University Asphalt/Pavement Laboratory (RAPL)

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1 Technical Support/ Research to the NJDOT Thomas Bennert Rutgers University Asphalt/Pavement Laboratory (RAPL)

2 Tech Support/Research Rutgers Asphalt/Pavement Laboratory (RAPL) implemented to support the NJDOT, as well as others Field and laboratory characterization for soils, aggregates, and pavement materials Number of completed and on-going research projects related to the performance characterization of pavement related materials

3 Laboratory Geotechnical Capabilities Can perform a range tests from basic characterization to seismic site response - Flex-wall permeability devices - Constant and Falling Head Permeability - Consolidation Testing (Incremental Load and Constant-Rate Rate-of-Strain) - California Bearing Ratio (CBR) - Triaxial (up to 12 diameter) - Resilient Modulus/Cyclic Triaxial - Torsional Shear/Resonant Column (Site Response)

4 Resilient Modulus (M R )

5 Subgrade Soil Base/Subbase Aggregate

6 M R of RAP, RCA, and DGABC Resilient Modulus (MPa) % DGABC 25 % RAP, 75 % DGABC 50 % RAP, 50 % DGABC 75 % RAP, 25 % DGABC 100 % RAP Bulk Stress (kpa) M R = k1θ k2 RAP:DGABC k1 k2 0: : : : :

7 Permanent Deformation Permanent Strain (mm/mm) % DGABC 25 % RAP, 75 % DGABC 50 % RAP, 50 % DGABC 75 % RAP, 25 % DGABC 100 % RAP Number of Loading Repetitions

8 M R of NJ Subgrade Soils Soil Percent Percent Liquid Plastic Plastic AASHTO AASHTO Location Passing Passing Limit Limit Index TP M mm 75 µm (%) (%) (%) Classification Classification Rt N.P. N.P. Type 1 A-1-b Rt N.P. N.P. Type 2 A-2-4 Rt. 80a N.P. N.P. Type 2 A-2-4 Rt N.P. N.P. Type 2 A-3 Rt. 80b Type 2 A-4 Rt Type 2 A-4 Cumberland Type 2 A-6 County Cumberland Type 2 A-7 County For use with the Rutgers Soil Maps and the NJDOT AASHTO Companion Design Guide

9 Soil AASHTO Moisture Soil Soil Soil Coefficient of Location Classification Content Parameter Parameter Parameter Determination Type (k 1 ) (k 2 ) (k 3 ) (r 2 ) Rt. 23 A-1-b 2% Wet OMC % Dry Rt. 46 A-2-4 2% Wet OMC % Dry Rt. 80a A-2-4 2% Wet OMC % Dry Rt. 295 A-3 2% Wet OMC % Dry Rt. 80b A-4 2% Wet OMC % Dry Rt. 206 A-4 2% Wet OMC % Dry Cumberland A-6 2% Wet County OMC % Dry Cumberland A-7 2% Wet County OMC % Dry

10 AASHTO A-3 A 3 (Fine Sand) 16,000 Average Resilient Modulus (psi) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 2% Series1 Wet Series2 Opt. 2% Series3 Dry Average Applied Deviator Stress (psi)

11 AASHTO A-6 A 6 (Stiff Clay) Average Resilient Modulus (psi) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2% Series1 Wet Series2 Opt. 2% Series3 Dry Average Applied Deviator Stress (psi)

12 On-Going Projects Development of Performance Specifications to Accompany Gradations for I-3 I 3 and DGABC (Base/Subbase Aggregates) 1. Moisture-Density 2. Permeability 3. Shear Strength 4. Resilient Modulus 5. Permanent Deformation (Cyclic Triaxial)

13 I-3 3 Gradation Bands (Subbase) Percent Passing (%) Aggregate Size (inches)

14 Rigid Compaction Mold for both Constant Head and Falling Head Permeability Testing

15 Permeability for I-3 I 3 Gradations 100 Sieve Analysis - I-3 Gradation Designation 90 North Natural (28.7 ft/d) 80 Central Natural (55.8 ft/d) Percent Passing (%) to to 56 6 to 8 South Natural (55.7 ft/d) Aggregate Size (inches)

16 Permeability for DGABC Gradations 100 Sieve Analysis - DGABC Gradation Designation Percent Passing (%) to to 2 North Natural (123 ft/d) Central Natural (170 ft/d) to Aggregate Size (inches)

17 Current Projects for NJDOT (for 2002 Mechanistic Design Guide) Evaluation of Poisson s Ratio - Factors affecting value for asphalt and soil/aggregates Falling Weight Deflectometer vs Laboratory Resilient Modulus - Looking at developing a procedure or shifting method to relate the FWD backcalculated modulus to the lab Seasonal Variation Study - Evaluating the effect of seasonal environmental changes on the pavement response (FWD, Seismic Pavement Analyzer, laboratory characterization)

18 Asphalt Related Support/Research RAPL Facilities include: - Superpave Shear Tester (SST) - Indirect Tensile Tester (IDT) - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) - Superpave Gyratory, Vibratory, and Marshall Impact Compactors - Pine Marshall Stability and Flow - Falling Head Permeability Device - CoreLok Device - Ignition Oven

19 Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA)

20 APA Results Average Rutting Depth (mm) (#1) (#2) (#3) (#1) (#2) (#1) (#2) (#3) (Fibers #1) (Fibers #2)

21 Indirect Tensile Tester (IDT) Indirect Tensile Strength Diametric Resilient Modulus Creep Compliance

22 Superpave Shear Tester (SST) Repeated Shear (Rutting) Frequency Sweep (G*) Simple Shear (Creep)

23 SST Repeated Shear Tests Accumulated Permanent Shear Strain (%) Citgo PG76-22 Koch PG76-22 Citgo PG64-22 HTI Carbon Black Creanova Vestoplast Eastman EE ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Number of Loading Cycles

24 Asphalt Permeability Devices

25 Asphalt Related Support/Research Other on-going projects - APA Rutting Criteria to Supplement Volumetric Design - Superpave for Low-Volume Roads - Evaluation of OGFC Under Superpave Design for NJ - Preparing for 2002 Design Guide * HMA Simple Performance Test and Dynamic Modulus (E*) * SHRP Fatigue Device

26 For Further Information Thomas Bennert RAPL