Mechanical and thermal signatures as indirect tool wear monitoring indices case study: drilling
|
|
- Douglas Chapman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Mechanical and thermal signatures as indirect tool wear monitoring indices case study: drilling P.N. Botsaris, J.A. Tsanakas Demokritos University of Thrace, School of Engineering Department of Production Engineering and Management Faculty of Materials, Processes and Engineering Xanthi 67100, Kimmeria campus, Thrace, Greece ABSTRACT A major trend in the field of unmanned machining operations is the tool condition monitoring (TCM). The potentiality of a precise prognosis of the tool wear or breakage, utilizing TCM, has been proven a great challenge through the past years. This paper deals with the use of vibration signals, a well-known indirect monitoring method for tool wear, obtained during a drilling process. Statistical parameters, such as root mean square (RMS) and peak values, are used to extract the meaningful information from the acquired raw data. The results, then, are preliminarily correlated with spindle motor current and thermographic signatures from the same process, in order to investigate any proclivity of these signals toward tool wear mechanism. Both advantages and drawbacks of this effort are being discussed. Certain classification tools, such as fuzzy models and neural networks, is under investigation from the current research team with the prospect of an implemented monitoring system, able to predict either extended tool wear or breakage within a drilling process, using the aforementioned signatures. Keywords: condition monitoring; tool wear; vibration signals; drilling; tool temperature; spindle motor current. 1. INTRODUCTION The manufacturing community is always striving to reduce operating costs while trying to improve product quality and meeting or exceeding customer satisfaction [1]. Focusing to the former intent, production cost reduction is achieved nowadays by using higher cutting speeds and by reducing human resources. The necessity of the latter has lead to the development of unmanned machining systems. Condition monitoring and diagnosis systems, which are capable of identifying machining system defects and their location, are essential for unmanned production. Thus, much research effort has been made in implementing intelligent systems to monitor directly or indirectly the machining conditions utilizing signals from thermal, force, acoustic, acceleration and vision sensors, during a process [2]. A widely used machining process is drilling; it represents approximately 40% of all cutting operations performed in industry [3]. Typically, twist drills are used in a diameter range from 1 to 20 mm. In general, the failure of a twist drill occurs by one of two modes; fracture or chipping and excessive wear. Experiments performed by Thangaraj and Wright [4] indicated that under normal cutting conditions, sudden failure due to fracture was observed with small size drills ( 3 mm diameter), while excessive, but slowly evolving, wear was the dominant failure mode with large size drills (>3 mm diameter). The reason for acquiring the drill wear state information is to enhance the predictive capability to allow the machine operator to schedule tool change or regrind just in time to avoid underuse or overuse of tools, prevent shutdown of machines due to damage and minimize scrap or rework [1]. Due to the high complexity of drill wear and breakage mechanisms, both mathematical models and 1
2 numerical methods generally fail to provide a precise description of the relevant dynamics of drilling. Hence, the safe way to implement a system able to predict and diagnose drill wear lies upon on-line tool condition monitoring (TCM). In principle, there are two possible TCM approaches, i.e. direct and indirect methods. Direct tool wear estimation systems are able to measure directly the tool wear via tool images, computer vision, etc. which means that these methods actually measure tool wear as such. Moreover, their application is simple and the reliability is high. However, the automated application of a direct tool wear estimation system is not feasible because the detection system should be able to detect the wear zone and measure it, requiring that either the tool be removed from the machine after a certain period time or a measuring device be installed on the machine. Consequently, any of these practices would cause downtime and production loss, rendering direct methods either economically or technically inadequate. On the other hand, instead of wear, indirect monitoring methods measure something else, i.e. a parameter, which must be a function of wear [5]. Commonly used parameters in indirect methods are cutting forces, vibration, acoustic emission, current, power and temperature. The main advantage of indirect methods is that they are applied online. Unfortunately, these methods present limited reliability and design complexity due to the unpredictable impact of the wear process to the measured signal. Moreover, the sensor cost is generally high [2]. Vibration is a widely used measuring method in indirect TCM. It is logical to expect vibration measurements to react to tool wear; if in a dynamic system such as the machine tool the cutting forces increase, the dynamic response will also increase [6]. In particular, drift forces which can be used for monitoring drill wear, are also the cause of increasing vibration as a function of wear. Dimla, in [7], suggests vibration signatures as reliable, robust and applicable for TCM, in addition to the fact that vibration signatures require fewer peripheral instruments than AE for instance. Furthermore, vibration signals have the quick response time needed to indicate changes for on-line monitoring. Moreover, accelerometers, that are mainly used to obtain vibration signatures, are simple to operate and are very suitable for wear monitoring because they offer the following advantages [1]: Ease of implementation; no modifications to the machine tool or the workpiece are required No effect on stiffness and damping properties of the drilling system Can be easily mounted close to the cutting action, independent of tool or workpiece When properly shielded, they have good resistance to coolants, chips, electromagnetic or thermal influences Easily replaceable and are very cost-effective Unfortunately, vibration monitoring relates to several limitations. Besides the influence of tool wear, the vibration signal is influenced by the work piece material, cutting conditions and machine tool structure. Furthermore, vibration has a high sensitivity to the machining noise occurring under real industrial environments. In the reported literature, spindle motor current [8-20] and tool temperature [21-22] are also widespread parameters for TCM and appear to be potential indicators of drill wear. In the same manner as vibration, spindle motor current can be related to the dynamics of drilling process, reflecting how much power is used in the machining process. Although vibration and cutting force sensors are located close to monitored tool, offering hence more representative measurements, it is much easier to acquire the current of the spindle motor to monitor the tool condition in a simple, but quite valid, way. In contrast, temperature-based TCM, involving infrared or fiber-optic pyrometers and infrared thermography imagers, is a major challenge due to numerous practical difficulties involved in cutting processes. This experimental work deals with the use of vibration signals obtained during a drilling process and processed statistically to extract the meaningful information from the raw data. This information was then preliminarily contrasted with spindle motor current and thermographic signatures from the same process in order to correlate their trend with respect to drilling tool wear. 2
3 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Figure 1 presents schematically the experimental setup of this work. As mentioned, vibration, spindle motor current and tool temperature signals were obtained during drilling operations conducted on Yang SMV-1000, a three-axis computer numerical controlled (CNC) vertical-type machining center. The vibration signals were measured from Kistler 8702/B25M1, a single-axis K-shear accelerometer, mounted on the workpiece longitudinally to the drilling direction, i.e. the Z-axis. The accelerometer has a measuring range of ± 25 g, with a sensitivity of 200 mv/g (± 5%), while its frequency response band ranges from 1 to 8000 Hz. Referring to the spindle motor drive, the relative current signals were obtained with LEM type AK 50 C10, a self powered AC current transducer with galvanic isolation between the primary (high power) and secondary circuits (electronic circuit). The transducer has a primary nominal input current up to 50 A and gives an analogue output signal in the range of 0-10 V DC, with an accuracy of ± 1% and response time < 100 ms. Moreover, non-contact tool temperature measurements were performed with the use of Eurotron s IRtec series Rayomatic 10, a compact digital infrared (IR) temperature transmitter (IR pyrometer) mounted onto the tool bracket, at a distance of d=10 cm from the drill point, with an angle of θ=45 o from the drill axis. The measuring temperature range of the specific transmitter is from 0 to 600 o C, while it offers accuracy of ± 1% rdg and repeatability of ± 0.5% rdg, with a Øtarget-to-distance ratio of 25:1. The transmitter was calibrated measuring the known temperature of heat source. Finally, the data from the above three sensors was recorded, with a sample rate of 8 khz, to a PC using a National Instruments Cdaq-9172 data acquisition unit and the National Instruments LabVIEW software. θ=45 ο d=10 cm Figure 1. The experimental setup 3
4 3. EXPERIMENTS: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The experiments included drilling operations performed by a HSS-Co5% twist drill of 10 mm diameter, under dry conditions, to a number of reinforced C-70 steel workpieces (length=170mm, width=170mm, height= 20mm). Totally 109 bottom holes, of depth=15mm, drilled per each workpiece (Figure 2a). The drilling path started from the 1A hole, continued to 1B, 1C and so on, finishing the first line (No. 1) of the workpiece. The process was continuing to the next lines (2 to 11), until the last hole 11K according to Figure 2b. The whole process was provided with the use of Missler TopSolid, a CAD/CAM software. The selected optimum drilling conditions were S=600 RPM regarding the spindle speed and F=100 mm/min for the feed rate. The duration for a drill was 9 seconds, and for the whole workpiece was estimated around 1800 seconds. The latter includes the dead or rapid movement time between the holes. One of the aims of this study was to intentionally hasten the drill wear by performing certain drilling operations with false conditions (S=800 RPM, F=110 mm/min) between the normal sets of drillings, in order to investigate the impact of the drill aging, and consequently drill wear, to the monitored parameters. Tables 1 and 2 present the RMS values of the averaged vibration (vertical acceleration) signals generated on each of the 109 drills of the first and last, respectively, operated workpiece. The acquired raw data were cleaned before analyzed of irrelevant signals due e.g. to the rapid movement of the drill between the holes. piece holder accelerometer on Z-axis piece holder Figure 2. (a) 3-D and (b) ground view of the workpiece model Table 1. RMS values of the averaged vibration (vertical acceleration) for the first operated workpiece (brand new tool) Vibration (g*) A B C D E F G H I J K *where g=9,81 m/s 2 4
5 Table 2. RMS values of the averaged vibration (vertical acceleration) for the last operated workpiece (worn tool) Vibration (g*) A B C D E F G H I J K *where g=9,81 m/s 2 Tables 3 and 4 present the RMS values of the averaged drilling region temperature for the first and last, respectively, operated workpiece. The tool point, the drilling hole and the generating chip are defined as the drilling region. Figure 3 presents the trace (best fit) of the RMS values of the averaged vibration (vertical acceleration) signals of each workpiece versus the number of the operated workpieces. As other researchers have already mentioned [6], the curve of Figure 3 shows the expected; vibration measurements react to drill wear. The machine tool is a dynamic system and as the wear of the drill increases the cutting forces increase, and consequently the system s response will also increase. As Figure 3 shows, there is a threshold (for the current cutting conditions, workpiece material and tool structure this threshold is estimated around the 3 rd workpiece) where the slope of the curve increases sensibly. According to Tables 1 and 2, the RMS value of the vibration level of the 11K hole (the last drilled hole for each piece) differs notably between the first and the last workpiece. Finally, Figure 4 presents the trend of the RMS values of the cutting region temperature versus the number of the workpieces operated under dry conditions. As the wear of the drill increases during the time and the process, the heat balance among the tool, the piece and the chip is unsettled and consequently the cutting edge temperature increases too. Table 3. RMS values of the averaged drilling region temperature for the first operated workpiece (brand new tool) Temperature ( o C) A B C D E F G H I J K
6 Table 4. RMS values of the averaged drilling region temperature for the last operated workpiece (worn tool) Temperature ( o C) A B C D E F G H I J K ,25 2 1,75 1,5 Vibration (g) 1,25 1 0,75 V = 0,1e 0,9W 0,5 0, Workpieces Figure 3. RMS values of the averaged vibration signals of each workpiece versus the number of the operated workpieces Tool temperature ( o C) T = 16,9Ln(W) + 145, Workpieces Figure 4. RMS values of the cutting region temperature versus the number of the operated workpieces 6
7 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS An experimental study in which the efficiency of the use of vibration, spindle motor current and tool temperature signatures in tool condition monitoring was presented. These three parameters have been reported in the literature appearing to be more effective for indirect monitoring of slowly evolving faults, such as tool wear, during a machining operation. The machining operation that was studied here was the drilling. A brand new drilling tool was used to perform several drills under selected normal and false conditions in order to achieve a significant level of wear. During these operations, an accelerometer, an IR temperature transmitter and a current transducer were used to obtain the generated signals of vibration, tool temperature and spindle current respectively. Averaging and statistical parameters, such as RMS and peak values, were used to extract the meaningful information from the raw data. The results of this work indicated an interesting correlation between both of the aforementioned parameters and the dynamics of the drilling process, proving their supremacy as reliable and robust tool wear prognosis indices. However, additional research is required to develop practical vibration monitoring techniques which are sensitive to tool conditions but relatively insensitive to cutting conditions and sensor location. Further ambition of the current research team is to enrich the presented monitoring system with a fuzzy logic and neural network based classification tool. REFERENCES 1. I. Abu-Mahfouz, "Drilling wear detection and classification using vibration signals and artificial neural network", International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol 43, pp , P. N. Botsaris and J. A. Tsanakas, "State-of-the-art in methods applied to tool condition monitoring (TCM) in unmanned machining operations: a review", COMADEM 08, Proceedings of 21 st International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management, pp , T. I. El-Wardany, D. Gao and M.A. Elbestawi, "Tool condition monitoring in drilling using vibration signature analysis", International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol 6, No 6, pp , A. Thangaraj and P. K. Wright, "Machining", Robotics Computer-Integrated Mfg. 4(3/4), pp , E. Jantunen, "A summary of methods applied to tool condition monitoring in drilling", International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 42, pp , E. Jantunen, "Indirect multisignal monitoring and diagnosis of drill wear", VTT publications, Finland, D. E. Dimla, "The correlation of vibration signal features to cutting tool wear in a metal turning operation", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 19, pp , N. Constantinides and S. Bennett, "An investigation of methods for the on-line estimation of tool wear," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 27, pp , L. A. Franco-Gasca, G. Herrera-Ruiz, R. Peniche-Vera, R. d. J. Romero-Troncoso, and W. Leal-Tafolla, "Sensorless tool failure monitoring system for drilling machines," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 46, pp , Z. G. Wang, W. Lawrenz, R. Rao, and A. Hope, "Feature-filtered fuzzy clustering for condition monitoring of tool wear," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 7, pp , P. Fu and A. Hope, "Intelligent classification of cutting tool wear states," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), vol. 3973, pp , A. G. Vallejo, J. A. Nolazco-Flores, R. Morales-Menendez, L. E. Sucar, and C. A. Rodriguez, "Tool-wear monitoring based on continuous hidden Markov models," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), vol. 3773, pp , F. Ferraz and R. T. Coelho, "Data acquisition and monitoring in machine tools with CNC of open architecture using internet," The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 26, pp , S. Y. Hong, "Knowledge-based diagnosis of drill conditions," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 4, pp , R. X. Du, M. A. Elbestawi, and S. Li, "Tool condition monitoring in turning using fuzzy set theory," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 32, pp , J. E. Kaye, D. H. Yan, N. Popplewell, and S. Balakrishnan, "Predicting tool flank wear using spindle speed change," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 35, pp , P. Fu, A. Hope, and G. A. King, "A neurofuzzy pattern recognition algorithm and its application in tool condition monitoring process," Proceedings of ICSP '98, pp , W. Amer, Q. Ahsan, R. I. Grosvenor, and P. W. Prickett, "Machine tool condition monitoring system using tooth rotation energy estimation (TREE) technique," in Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA vol. 1, pp ,
8 19. X. Li, S. K. Tso, and J. Wang, "Real-time tool condition monitoring using wavelet transforms and fuzzy techniques," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 30, pp , M. A. Elbestawi, M. Dumitrescu, and E. G. Ng, "Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining," in Condition Monitoring and Control for Intelligent Manufacturing: Springer London, pp , S. K. Choudhury and G. Bartarya, "Role of temperature and surface finish in predicting tool wear using neural network and design of experiments," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 43, pp , P. Mathew, "Use of predicted cutting temperatures in determining tool performance," International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 29, pp ,
Using of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Drill Wear in machining processes
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 2752-2760, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Using of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Drill Wear in machining processes 1 Aydin Salimi, 2 Samira Abbasgholizadeh,
More informationAn effective sensor for tool wear monitoring in face milling: Acoustic emission
Sādhanā Vol. 33, Part 3, June 2008, pp. 227 233. Printed in India An effective sensor for tool wear monitoring in face milling: Acoustic emission M T MATHEW 1, P SRINIVASA PAI 2 andlarocha 1,3 1 Centre
More informationAssessing Uneven Milling Cutting Tool Wear using Component Measurement
Assessing Uneven Milling Cutting Tool Wear using Component Measurement Z. Ahmed 1, 2, P. Prickett 1, R. Grosvenor 1 1 Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK 2 Department
More informationInvestigation of the Methods for Tool Wear On-Line Monitoring during the Cutting Process
Investigation of the Methods for Tool Wear On-Line Monitoring during the Cutting Process Hongjiang Chen School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Abstract.
More informationProcess monitoring. ToolScope
Process monitoring ToolScope Next generation process monitoring Growing automation in the machining industry increases the demand for more process and machine tool monitoring, which can help minimize machine
More informationFUZZY MODELING OF RECAST LAYER FORMATION IN LASER TREPAN DRILLING OF SUPERALLOY SHEET
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (IJMTIE) Vol. 2, No. 2, July-December 2011, pp. 55-59 FUZZY MODELING OF RECAST LAYER FORMATION IN LASER TREPAN DRILLING OF SUPERALLOY
More informationSTUDY OF FLANK WEAR IN SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSOR TECHNIQUES
STUDY OF FLANK WEAR IN SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSOR TECHNIQUES S. Sundaram 1, P. Senthilkumar 2, A. Kumaravel 1 and N. Manoharan 1 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, KSR.College
More informationJournal of Machine Engineering, 2018, Vol. 18, No. 1, 5-17
Journal of Machine Engineering, 28, Vol. 8, No., 5-7 ISSN 895-7595 (Print) ISSN 239-87 (Online) Received: 6 February 28 / Accepted: 9 February 28 / Published online: 2 March 28 Mahmoud HASSAN Ahmad SADEK
More informationOn the estimation of tool-wear for milling operations based on multisensorial
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia CIRP 8 (2013 ) 415 420 14 th CIRP Conference on Modelling of Machining Operations (CIRP CMMO) On the estimation of tool-wear for milling operations based
More informationMachine Learning for Auto Optimization
Machine Learning for Auto Optimization What is Machine Learning? Definition: Machine learning refers to any system where the performance of a machine in performing a task improves by gaining more experience
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF TOOL BREAKAGE IN A DRILLING PROCESS. A Thesis Submitted to the College of. Graduate Studies and Research
IDENTIFICATION OF TOOL BREAKAGE IN A DRILLING PROCESS A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science In
More informationAn Intelligent Monitoring And Identification Of Cutting Conditions (like Continuous Chip, Broken Chip) Of Chips And Chatter On Turning Operation
An Intelligent Monitoring And Identification Of Cutting Conditions (like Continuous Chip, Broken Chip) Of Chips And Chatter On Turning Operation Vikas B. Magdum 1, Vinayak R. Naik 2 P.G.student, Department
More informationACM Adaptive Control and Monitoring
ACM Adaptive Control and Monitoring The only metal cutting optimization system that can save up to 40% on machining operations resulting from: Cycle time savings Tool life extension Increased machine availability
More informationVibration Analysis Machinery Inspection & Evaluation Level II
Training Title Vibration Analysis Machinery Inspection & Evaluation Level II Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates Vibration Analysis Machinery Inspection & Evaluation Level II 5 03-07 June
More informationDevelopment of in-process Tool Wear Monitoring System for CNC Turning
933 Development of in-process Tool Wear Monitoring System for CNC Turning Toshimichi MORIWAKI, Toshiroh SHIBASAKA and Somkiat TANGJITSITCHAROEN The aim of this research is to develop an in-process tool
More informationA Data-driven Prognostic Model for
A Data-driven Prognostic Model for Industrial Equipment Using Time Series Prediction Methods A Data-driven Prognostic Model for Industrial Equipment Using Time Series Prediction Methods S.A. Azirah, B.
More informationStudy on Predictive Maintenance Strategy
, pp.52-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.137.10 Study on Predictive Maintenance Strategy Wang Hongxia, Ye Xiaohui, Yin Ming Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China 25523224@QQ.com Abstract.
More informationPREDICTION OF TOOL WEAR DURING TURNING OF EN9 WORK MATERIAL AGAINST COATED CARBIDE INSERT USING VIBRATION SIGNAL PROCESSING
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eissn: 239-63 pissn: 232-738 PREDICTION OF TOOL WEAR DURING TURNING OF EN9 WORK MATERIAL AGAINST COATED CARBIDE INSERT USING VIBRATION
More informationModule 3 Machinability. Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur
Module 3 Machinability Lesson 14 Failure of cutting tools and tool life Instructional objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) State how the cutting tools
More informationTackling process variation in manufacturing the benefits of modern process control techniques
Tackling process variation in manufacturing the benefits of modern process control techniques IMTS conference September 2016 Paul Maxted Director of Industrial Metrology Applications Renishaw plc Manufacturing
More informationTool Life Estimate during Turning of EN24 against Coated Carbide Insert using Vibration Signal
e t International Journal on Emerging Technologies (Special Issue on ICRIET-2016) 7(2): 133-142(2016) ISSN No. (Print) : 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255 Tool Life Estimate during Turning of EN24
More informationIMPACT TEST OF SURFACE ANTONÍN KŘÍŽ, PETR BENEŠ, JIŘÍ ŠIMEČEK
IMPACT TEST OF SURFACE ANTONÍN KŘÍŽ, PETR BENEŠ, JIŘÍ ŠIMEČEK Research Centre of Rail Vehicles, University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Republic The components in many industrial
More informationThe Effect of Tool Fixturing Quality on the Design of Condition Monitoring Systems for Detecting Tool Conditions
JJMIE Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Volume 5, Number 1, February 2011 ISSN 1995-6665 Pages 17-22 The Effect of Tool Fixturing Quality on the Design of Condition Monitoring Systems
More informationAC : USING A PAIR OF IPODS TO MEASURE ANGLE OF TWIST IN A TORSION EXPERIMENT
AC 2012-3063: USING A PAIR OF IPODS TO MEASURE ANGLE OF TWIST IN A TORSION EXPERIMENT Dr. Surendra K. Gupta, Rochester Institute of Technology Vinnie Gupta is a professor of mechanical engineering, and
More informationDrilling Speeds and Feeds
EML2322L MAE Design and Manufacturing Laboratory Drilling Speeds and Feeds The speed of a drill is measured in terms of the rate at which the outside or periphery of the tool moves in relation to the work
More informationBUY LOCAL WITH GLOBAL SUPPORT
BUY LOCAL WITH GLOBAL SUPPORT Our machines, made in the USA, allow us to deliver high-quality, cutting-edge EDM drills, with qualified on-site service, immediate OEM replacement parts, turnkey application
More informationApplication of Audible Signals in Tool Condition Monitoring using Machine Learning Techniques
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 7-19-2017 Application of Audible Signals in Tool Condition Monitoring using Machine Learning Techniques Achyuth
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTERIZED PRESSURE TRANSIENT TEST SYSTEM (PART 1)
PROCEEDINGS, Twenty-Fifth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 24-26, 2000 SGP-TR-165 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTERIZED PRESSURE TRANSIENT TEST
More informationYOUR FREE CHOICE IN BIG ROBOTS. For 700 to 5000 ton Injection Molding Machines 7X-45 7X-55 7X-100XL S7-45 S7-55 S
-Axis Robots S7-45 S7-55 S7-75 5-Axis Robots 7X-45 7X-55 7X-00XL Sepro is the specialist in the automation of 700 to 5000 T injection molding machines. Our large robots offer is designed around a unique
More information2259. Research on fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump using convolutional neural network
2259. Research on fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump using convolutional neural network Jiyu Yan 1, Huijie Zhu 2, Xiaoqiang Yang 3, Youhui Cao 4, Lifu Shao 5 1, 3 College of Field Engineering, PLA University
More informationApplications 4. Highlights 6. Machining envelope 8. The basic machine 12. Hightech-Spindle 13
MIKRON HPM 1850U 2 Contents Applications 4 Highlights 6 Machining envelope 8 The basic machine 12 Hightech-Spindle 13 Automation 14 Options 16 smart machine 17 GF AgieCharmilles 18 High performance milling
More informationMODELLING OF TURNING PROCESS FOR FLANK AND CRATER WEAR OF TOOL USING ANFIS Bhagyashri D. Deore 1,Prof. Dr.P.S.Desale 2, Prof. Dr.E.
MODELLING OF TURNING PROCESS FOR FLANK AND CRATER WEAR OF TOOL USING ANFIS Bhagyashri D. Deore 1,Prof. Dr.P.S.Desale 2, Prof. Dr.E.R Deore 3 1,2,3 Dept. Mechanical Engineering, S S V P S s Bapusaheb Shivajirao
More information701s. your advanced machining solutions
701s your advanced machining solutions Willemin-macodel MACHINING CENTRE WITH PARALLEL KINEMATICS The 701S machine is the first machining centre to truly make full use of the dynamic control and rigidity
More informationIdentification of Tool Life and Wear Characteristics of HSS Tools Used in Turning of Ck45
Identification of Tool Life and Wear Characteristics of HSS Tools Used in Turning of Ck45 B. Moetakef Imani, S.A. Hosseini 2 and A. Baghal Safa 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University,
More informationPOWER INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE MONITORING FOR ASSET OPTIMIZATION
Proceedings of POWER 2009 ASME Power 2009 July 21-23, 2009, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA POWER2009-81212 INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE MONITORING FOR ASSET OPTIMIZATION Robert Holzworth Scientech a Curtiss-Wright
More informationTool Wear Investigation in CNC Turning Operation
, July 4-6, 2018, London, U.K. Tool Wear Investigation in CNC Turning Operation Yousuf Al Kindi, Murali R V, Salim R K Abstract The aim of this attempt is to experimentally investigate the cutting tool
More informationNEW APPROACH OF ENVELOPE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR MILLING PROCESS
NEW APPROACH OF ENVELOPE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR MILLING PROCESS CF. Bisu 1, M. Zapciu 1, A. Gérard 2, V. Vijelea 3, M. Anica 3 1 University Politehnica of Bucharest, Laboratory Machines and Production Systems,
More informationAUTOMATIC WELDING SPEED CONTROL BY MONITORING IMAGE OF WELD POOL USING VISION SENSOR
AUTOMATIC WELDING SPEED CONTROL BY MONITORING IMAGE OF WELD POOL USING VISION SENSOR Ario Sunar Baskoro 1, Achmad Zaki Rahman 2 and Haikal 1 1 Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology and Automation, Department
More informationImpact of Gearbox Oil Contamination on the Performance of the Wind Turbine Drivetrain
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ 16) Madrid (Spain), 4 th to 6 th May, 2016 exçxãtuäx XÇxÜzç tçw céãxü dâtä àç ]ÉâÜÇtÄ (RE&PQJ) ISSN 2172 038 X, No.14 May 2016 Impact
More informationDeveloping a Control and Monitoring System for a Vertical and Floating Wind Turbine for Deep Sea Deployment
Developing a Control and Monitoring System for a Vertical and Floating Wind Turbine for Deep Sea Deployment 1(7) - Using products from National Instruments and WireFlow s integration services, we very
More informationCardiff, CF24 3AA, Wales, UK. Keywords: Acoustic emission, gear teeth, structural health monitoring
Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2010-06-30 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 24-25, pp 45-50 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.45 2010 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Detection of Cracking in
More informationAn Experimental Investigation of GFRP Surface Property and Process Parameter on CNC Milling Machine
An Experimental Investigation of GFRP Surface Property and Process Parameter on CNC Milling Machine S.Manoj 1, K.Kaviyarasan 2, B.Kiruba jogin 3, R.A. Kirubakar 4, N.Mathan raj 5 Assistant Professor, Department
More informationMikron MILL S 400 / MILL S 400 U / MILL S 500 Mikron MILL S 400 / MILL S 400 U / MILL S 500
Mi Mi User friendly The user friendliness of a machining center starts with the control. GF Machining Solutions supplements the Heidenhain control with high-performance smart machine modules such as: +
More informationMaximizing performance through embedded expertise. HyPerformance Plasma PLASMA LASER WATERJET AUTOMATION SOFTWARE CONSUMABLES
Maximizing performance through embedded expertise HyPerformance Plasma PLASMA LASER WATERJET AUTOMATION SOFTWARE CONSUMABLES Contents 2 SureCut technology overview 3 9 SureCut process flow 10 True Hole
More informationLARGE CAPACITY IN A COMPACT AND ERGONOMIC FORMAT FIXED TABLE TRAVELLING COLUMN MILLING MACHINES SLP
LARGE CAPACITY IN A COMPACT AND ERGONOMIC FORMAT FIXED TABLE TRAVELLING COLUMN MILLING MACHINES SLP 2 3 ERGONOMIC AND USER FRIENDLY The new generation of SORALUCE SLP brings the customer important improvements
More informationResponse Surface Methodology in the Study of Induced Machining Vibration and Work Surface Roughness in the Turning of 41Cr4 Alloy Steel
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 50-59, ISO 900:008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue, December 03) Response Surface Methodology in the Study of Induced Machining Vibration and Work Surface Roughness in
More informationPossibility of On-Line Monitoring of Laser Cutting of Deep-Drawn Sheet Parts by Measuring Acoustic Emission
ECNDT 2006 - Th.3.4.4 Possibility of On-Line Monitoring of Laser Cutting of Deep-Drawn Sheet Parts by Measuring Acoustic Emission Janez GRUM, Tomaž KEK, Janez M. SLABE University of Ljubljana, Faculty
More informationD DAVID PUBLISHING. An Experimental Study on Slotting of Inconel 718 Thin Sheet. 1. Introduction. Hiroyuki Kodama, Koichi Okuda and Tomoya Hayase
Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 5 (2015) 601-608 doi: 10.17265/2159-5275/2015.11.002 D DAVID PUBLISHING An Experimental Study on Slotting of Inconel 718 Thin Sheet Hiroyuki Kodama, Koichi
More informationPROCESSING A SELECTION OF THE MOST REMARKABLE SOLUTIONS OF PRIMETALS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF
82 A SELECTION OF THE MOST REMARKABLE SOLUTIONS OF PRIMETALS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF PROCESSING The final manufacturing steps in steel production are just as important as the first ones,
More informationCost savings from the CMS Vibration Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance Presented by: Tim Parmer Manufacturing in America 02/22-23/2017
Cost savings from the CMS Vibration Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance Presented by: Tim Parmer Manufacturing in America 02/22-23/27 Condition Monitoring with SIPLUS CMS For early detection of mechanical
More informationInnovative Gauging. Best Practice Best Value. In-line Non-laser Non-contact. Robust. 2D/3D. Flexible. Reliable. Exact.
Innovative Gauging Best Practice Best Value Robust. 2D/3D. Flexible. Reliable. Exact. In-line Non-laser Non-contact 3D Quality In-line Gauging Precise - fast - robust - flexible Modern production processes
More informationCENTERS FOR 5-AXIS MACHIN ING NBH 630 5X / 800 5X / X
CENTERS FOR 5-AXIS MACHIN ING NBH 630 5X / 800 5X / 1000 5X ZUSE HÜLLER HILLE NBH 5X 5-AXIS MACHINING THE NEW BENCHMARK FOR COMPLETE MACHINING The proven rack-type cassette magazine for enhanced machine
More informationNIR Checkmaster Near-infrared spectroscopy On-line analysis of active ingredients during tablet production
NIR Checkmaster Near-infrared spectroscopy On-line analysis of active ingredients during tablet production Slash release times with NIR Innovative features Fully automatic assay of tablet weight, hardness,
More informationSmart Manufacturing Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance. Javier Díaz, Aingura IIoT Dan Isaacs, Xilinx
Smart Manufacturing Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance Javier Díaz, Aingura IIoT Dan Isaacs, Xilinx Analytics Platform Image source: http://asi-solutions.com/2016/12/evolution-of-analytics-where-does-your-company-stand/
More informationDAMAGE DETECTION OF GUSSET PLATE CONDTION IN TRUSS BRIDGES BASED ON WAVELET PACKET ENERGY PERCENTAGE
DAMAGE DETECTION OF GUSSET PLATE CONDTION IN TRUSS BRIDGES BASED ON WAVELET PACKET ENERGY PERCENTAGE Jun Li,*, Hong Hao Centre for Infrastructural Monitoring and Protection, School of Civil and Mechanical
More informationRevolutionizing Asset Management in the Oil and Gas Industry
Revolutionizing Asset Management in the Oil and Gas Industry A Bentley White Paper Richard Irwin Senior Product Marketer Published: August 2017 www.bentley.com Introduction The industrial world is awash
More informationMEASURING THE DYNAMIC TWISTING BEHAVIOUR OF SAW BLADES IN THE KERF DURING THE SAWING PROCESS
Journal of Machine Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2016 Received: 12 January 2016 / Accepted: 23 March 2016 / Published online: 20 June 2016 band saw, cutting, vibration, measurement Daniel ALBRECHT 1* Thomas
More informationPrograMill. Well equipped for the digital future
Equipment CAM PrograMill Well equipped for the digital future Digitization is changing dental technical working methods and procedures in the laboratory. New production processes and materials require
More informationPrima Power at Euroblech Many technological breakthroughs and its own new fiber source on the whole laser range
Press release Prima Power at Euroblech 2016 - Many technological breakthroughs and its own new fiber source on the whole laser range New Laser Next 2130 - The world premiere of the 3D laser cutting machine
More informationFRICTION STIR WELDING OF POLYETHYLENE SHEETS
THE ANNALS OF DUNĂREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALAŢI FASCICLE V, TECHNOLOGIES IN MACHINE BUILDING, ISSN 1221-4566, 2009 FRICTION STIR WELDING OF POLYETHYLENE SHEETS Erica Anna Squeo 1, Giuseppe Bruno 1, Alessandro
More informationSTEP UP YOUR PRO DUCT ION NBV 700 5X / 700 MT
STEP UP YOUR PRO DUCT ION NBV 700 5X / 700 MT YOUR ENTRANCE CARD TO AUTONOMOUS MANU FACTURING 2 NBV The world becomes smarter every day. To adapt to the challenges of the highly-individualized world of
More informationTUBE CRACK DETECTION BY AE MONITORING OF DEEP DRAWING OPERATIONS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY B. Bisiaux, T. Wartel 1, A. Proust. D.
TUBE CRACK DETECTION BY AE MONITORING OF DEEP DRAWING OPERATIONS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY B. Bisiaux, T. Wartel 1, A. Proust. D. Marlot 2 1 Vallourec-CEV, Aulnoye-Aymeries, France; 2 EuroPhysicalAcoustics,
More informationDynamic Reliability Assessment of Slurry Pumps via Condition Monitoring
Dynamic Reliability Assessment of Slurry Pumps via Condition Monitoring Introduction Ming J Zuo, PhD, PEng University of Alberta, Canada Email: ming.zuo@ualberta.ca Time-based reliability models and tools
More informationOMP40-2 optical transmission probe
OMP40-2 optical transmission probe Flexible probing solution Reliable modulated optical transmission Outstanding performance for less scrap and higher profits OMP40-2 innovative process control Tackle
More informationWork Envelope. Work Envelope 2. Spindle 3. Fast & Efficient Machining 4 Table & Pallet Changer Rigid Guideways Dual Ballscrews Center Trough
Contents Work Envelope 2 Spindle 3 Fast & Efficient Machining 4 Table & Pallet Changer Rigid Guideways Dual Ballscrews Center Trough Flexible Configuration 5 Tool Storage (ATC) GE Fanuc 31i Control Pallet
More informationCHF 840 and CHF CNC-controlled machine for grinding tooth sides on carbide-tipped circular saw blades with a diameter of up to 840 or 1300 mm
CIRCULAR SAW CNC-controlled machine for grinding tooth sides on carbide-tipped circular saw blades with a diameter of up to 84 or 13 mm CHF 84 and CHF 13 / CIRCULAR SAW // SIDE ANGLE THE VERSATILITY OF
More informationCENTERS FOR 5-AXIS MACHIN ING NBH 630 5X / 800 5X / X
CENTERS FOR 5-AXIS MACHIN ING NBH 630 5X / 800 5X / 1000 5X ZUSE HÜLLER HILLE NBH 5X 5-AXIS MACHINING THE NEW BENCHMARK FOR COMPLETE MACHINING The proven rack-type cassette magazine for enhanced machine
More informationExperimental study of the behaviour of PEEK CF30 bearing to cyclical loading and variable rotational speed
Experimental study of the behaviour of PEEK CF30 bearing to cyclical loading and variable rotational speed I. HANAFI a, F. MATA b, A. KHAMLICHI c, N. RAEZ b, I. GARRIDO b, J. TEJERO b a. Ecole Nationale
More informationCHARACTERISTICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF 304 L STAINLESS STEEL IN RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE
CHARACTERISTICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF 304 L STAINLESS STEEL IN RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE S. Muthukumar G.Rajesh Kannan M.E. Manufacturing Engineering Assistant Professor, Mechanical Dept. Maharaja Engineering
More informationMontronix, Inc. & Lean Manufacturing. Reducing manufacturing costs while detecting and diagnosing machining problems.
Montronix, Inc. & Lean Manufacturing Reducing manufacturing costs while detecting and diagnosing machining problems. 1 Why Montronix? Montronix started in 1990 A spin-off from Kennametal -- advanced manufacturing
More informationPredictive Maintenance of Permanent Magnet (PM) Wind Generators
Predictive Maintenance of Permanent Magnet (PM) Wind Generators by Oladapo OGIDI Supervisor: A/Prof. Paul Barendse Co-Supervisor: A/Prof. Azeem Khan Presented at: Postgraduate Renewable Energy Symposium
More informationROLLING INTO THE FUTURE, LONG ROLLING CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING THE CHANGING TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITALIZATION *
255 ROLLING INTO THE FUTURE, LONG ROLLING CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING THE CHANGING TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITALIZATION * Paul Riches 1 Abstract Today s steel producers face the dual challenge of ensuring
More informationVibration Analysis of Gasoline Engine Faults
American Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (10): 1166-1171, 2013 ISSN: 1546-9239 2013 S. Chomphan, This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license doi:10.3844/ajassp.2013.1166.1171
More informationULTRAPRECISION MICROMACHINING OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES BY USE OF A HIGH-SPEED AIRBEARING SPINDLE
ULTRAPRECISION MICROMACHINING OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES BY USE OF A HIGH-SPEED AIRBEARING SPINDLE Chunhe Zhang 1, Allen Y. Yi 1, Lei Li 1, L. James Lee 1, R. Ryan Vallance 2, Eric Marsh 3 1 The Ohio State
More informationPaine Series Pressure Transmitter
Product Data Sheet March 2017 328-12-0010-DS, Rev B Paine 328-12-0010 Series Pressure Transmitter Digital, High Precision, Data Logger, +175 C, Pressure and Temperature The 328-12-0010 Series is our high
More informationInvestigation of Structural Steel Webs for Punching Shear
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 9 (2015) 1126-1136 doi: 10.17265/1934-7359/2015.09.013 D DAVID PUBLISHING Investigation of Structural Steel Webs for Punching Shear Mustafa Mahamid 1 and Adeeb
More informationNext robot vision generation counts on embedded architecture and Touch & Automate
MONO½D and MONO3D product lines are becoming more smart and WIRELESS Next robot vision generation counts on embedded architecture and Touch & Automate With a new generation of 2½D- und 3D-sensors ISRA
More informationINDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS FOR BULK PRODUCTION
INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS FOR BULK PRODUCTION imaschelling.com BULK PRODUCTION CUT-TO-SIZE Cost-efficient bulk production The change in the furniture industry has dramatically increased the demand for fast and
More informationMaximize uptime with Metso Metrics. Data and expertise to directly improve your bottom line
Maximize uptime with Metso Metrics Data and expertise to directly improve your bottom line 1 More than the sum of its parts Technology is valuable, but when you combine it with hard-working equipment,
More information100% Tomorrow s light travels only on fiber. It s something we ve always known. ITALIAN PRODUCT
ENG CY2D 100% ITALIAN PRODUCT Tomorrow s light travels only on fiber. It s something we ve always known. A territory with a consolidated technological background and the inventiveness of the Campana family
More informationELECTRA FL. Fiber laser cutting machine LVDGROUP.COM BEYOND YOUR EXPECTATIONS
Fiber laser cutting machine ELECTRA FL BEYOND YOUR EXPECTATIONS LVDGROUP.COM 2 # ELECTRA FL ELECTRA FL BEYOND YOUR EXPECTATIONS With top level technology and high laser beam quality, the Electra fiber
More informationOLP40 lathe touch probe
OLP40 lathe touch probe Flexible probing solution Reliable modulated optical transmission Outstanding performance for less scrap and higher profits OLP40 innovative process control Tackle process variation
More information1. SCOPE 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Illinois Test Procedure 405 Effective Date: January 1, 2016 Determining the Fracture Potential of Asphalt Mixtures Using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test (I-FIT) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This test method covers
More informationThe laser efficiency. primapower.com. The Bend The Combi The Laser The Punch The System The Software
primapower.com The laser efficiency The Bend The Combi The Laser The Punch The System The Software 104GB/Apr2012 Prima Industrie Group / Subject to changes without prior notice Innovative and reliable
More informationHigh-precision panel saw fm 10 / fm 12. The flagship of the NE metal saw range
High-precision panel saw fm 10 / fm 12 The flagship of the NE metal saw range Clean. PreCise. ProduCtive. With its new fm 10 and fm 12 machine series, Schellling is setting new technological standards
More informationCenter for Intelligent Maintenance Systems. IMS Researcher Profiles
Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems IMS Researcher Profiles Ahmad Almuhtady almuhtad@umich.edu 734 272 7362 HVAC Equipment Screw and Scroll Compressor Health Monitoring Enhancement of the Lifetime
More informationIntroduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing Environment
Introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing Environment I. What are the problems facing manufacturing industries today? External pressures: *Technological advancements *Increased cost, quality, and
More informationMaximum Power Tracking in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Maximum Power Tracking in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Lina Atieno Owino Department of Mechatronic Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja,
More informationPerformance Monitoring of a Short-Span Integral-Abutment Bridge Using Wireless Sensor Technology
Performance Monitoring of a Short-Span Integral-Abutment Bridge Using Wireless Sensor Technology ABSTRACT: Michael V. Gangone, Matthew J. Whelan, Michael P. Fuchs, Kerop D. Janoyan Clarkson University,
More informationAdaptive Control for Aerospace Machining
Adaptive Control for Aerospace Machining Rob Caron, P.E. President of Caron Engineering, Inc. CHALLENGES COMPONENTS ARE DIFFICULT TO MACHINE Aerospace components, especially engine components, are made
More informationOptimization of machining parameters of drilling process in Magnesium alloy AZ31
Optimization of machining parameters of drilling process in Magnesium alloy AZ31 A. Saravakumar 1, P. Sureshkumar 2, N. Balaji 3, R. Gokulnath 3, V. Mathavaram 3 1 Associate Professor, 2 Assistant Professor,
More informationCrack detection in composite bridges with relative displacement sensors
Crack detection in composite bridges with relative displacement sensors *Jun Li 1) and Hong Hao 2) 1), 2) Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA6102 1) junli@curtin.edu.au,
More informationState Of Art in Ultrasonic Spotweld Testing Offline & Inline New Materials and Coatings
ECNDT 2006 - Th.3.4.5 State Of Art in Ultrasonic Spotweld Testing Offline & Inline New Materials and Coatings Göran VOGT, Dirk RIEGER, Carsten KÖHLER, Vogt Werkstoffprüfsysteme, Burgwedel, Deutschland
More informationINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY MATERIALS MANAGEMENT DIVISION
Micro-hardness and scratch testing system with Video Microscope Motion table performance We intend to purchase Micro-hardness and scratch testing system with Video Microscope Motion table performance testing
More informationComparative Impact Performances of Lightweight Gym Floors
Comparative Impact Performances of Lightweight Gym Floors Lloyd Cosstick, Evan Hong and Tim Murray Embelton Noise and Vibration, Melbourne VIC 3058, Australia ABSTRACT Gyms are a common source of complaints
More information3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2015)
3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2015) Research on the Remaining Load Forecasting of Micro-Gird based on Improved Online Sequential
More informationArtificial Neural Networks for Controlling the Temperature of Internally Cooled Turning Tools
Modern Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 3, 1-10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mme.2013.32a001 Published Online June 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/mme) Artificial Neural Networks for Controlling the Temperature
More informationOMP60 optical transmission probe
OMP60 optical transmission probe Flexible probing solution Reliable modulated optical transmission Outstanding performance for less scrap and higher profits OMP60 innovative process control Tackle process
More informationTianjin Plant-Produced Machining Center NHC Series
Press Release DMG MORI SEIKI CO., LTD Head Office: 2-35-16 Meieki, Nakamura-k u, Nagoya City 450-0002, Japan TEL: +81(0)52-587-1830 FAX: +81(0)52-587-1833 October 21, 2013 Tianjin Plant-Produced Machining
More informationTB-DECO, TECHNOLOGY AHEAD OF ITS TIME!
TB-DECO, TECHNOLOGY AHEAD OF ITS TIME! In 1996, when its new line of Deco products was launched, Tornos offered bar turning companies the opportunity to switch to a computerised solution and to programme
More information