Effect of activator mix on the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements
|
|
- Brianna Hoover
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3, July, Effect of activator mix on the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (CSIC) This paper examines on the setting time and mechanical strength behaviour of slag cement pastes activated with different alkaline activators. For this purpose three alkaline solutions were used: waterglass solution (27% SiO 2, 18 % Na 2 O and 55% H 2 O), NaOH and Na 2 CO 3, maintaining always a constant concentration of Na 2 O (4% by mass of slag). The solutions were prepared with mixes of 0%, 80%/20% and 20%/80%. The activation process was studied at early ages by conduction calorimetric and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the initial ph of the alkaline solution plays an important role in the initial slag dissolution. However the factor playing a decisive role in the acceleration or delay of setting times and in the development of mechanical strengths is the nature of the anion present in the solution. SiO 4 2 ions act as an accelerator of the setting time, but CO 3 2 ions delay the setting time. Introduction Several studies have examined the different factors that influence the process of alkaline activation of granulated blast furnace slag 1 9 (the reactivity of the slag, the nature and concentration of the alkaline activator solution, the curing conditions, etc). Previous studies have shown that the nature of the alkaline activator is the most important factor affecting both setting time and mechanical strength behaviour. 5 The solubility of the soluble silica depends on the ph of the alkali solution. For ph values between 3, ph, 11 the solubility is low, but it increases considerably at very acid (ph, 3) and very basic (ph. 11) ph. However, in an acid medium the hydrates formed are not stable, while in a basic medium the slag is soluble and some insoluble and stable hydrates are formed 3. The essential requirements of a substance to be used in slag alkaline activation are: (a) acceleration of the solubility of slag; (b) promotion of the formation Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (CSIC) P.O. Box 19002, Madrid, Spain. (ACR 435) Paper received 7 February 2003; accepted 9 May 2003 of stable hydrates; and (c) formation of a network structure of hydrates. There are few chemical compounds that fit these conditions and that can be used in the alkaline activation process of granulated blast furnace slag. 9 Previous studies 4 8 have shown that the initial setting time in alkali slag pastes (AAS) activated with sodium silicate solution (SiO 2 /Na 2 O ¼ 1 5 by mass) begins after 15 min of reaction. Moreover, these pastes present the highest mechanical strength values, 100 MPa at 28 days in mortar samples. Recent studies 9 have shown that an increase in the Na 2 O content in the waterglass solution results in the induction period in the heat evolution rate decreasing, and when the SiO 2 /Na 2 O ratio increases in the activator solution the induction period increases. When the activator is NaOH, the setting time is longer 8 (ffi 2 3 h), the mechanical strengths are lower 5 (ffi MPa compressive values at 28 days) and the induction period 8,10 is shorter. Na 2 CO 3 as activator increases the setting time, in some cases to longer than 3 days, which gives very low initial mechanical strength. Some papers 1,5,11,12 indicate that the inclusion of alkaline activators has a positive effect on the development of mechanical strengths. However, it is not specified how these mixtures affect setting time and the # 2003 Thomas Telford Ltd
2 A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas alkali activation process. According to these studies the activation of slag with a mixture of waterglass + Na 2 SO 4 or waterglass + Na 2 CO 3 makes materials with a good balance between mechanical properties and production cost. The slag activated with an optimised mixture of Na 2 CO 3 +Na 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2 gives similar strength values to those obtained with NaOH. 3 Collis 12 found that when slag is activated with a mixture of NaOH + Na 2 CO 3, very good strength was obtained at early ages, similar to those obtained from an ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The objective of this paper was to study the setting time, mechanical strength and heat evolution rate in slag cement pastes activated with a mixture of alkaline activators. These mixtures have different types of anions (SiO 4 2,CO 3 2 and OH ). Experimental A Spanish blast furnace slag was used. The chemical composition of this slag was: 40 3% CaO, 34 47% SiO 2 and 11 80% MgO. This slag had a vitreous phase content of 95% and a specific surface area of 460 m 2 / kg. The pastes were prepared with an alkaline solution/ slag ratio of 0 4. Alkaline solutions used were: waterglass solution (27% SiO 2 ;18%Na 2 O and 55% H 2 O), NaOH and Na 2 CO 3. The Na 2 O concentration was constant, equal to 4% Na 2 O by mass to the slag. Table 1 displays the chemical composition of the different alkaline solutions used and their ph values. The setting time of the pastes was determined according to standard UNE EN The mechanical strength of the slag pastes was determined from prismatic specimens of mm at 3, 7 and 28 days. These pastes were also studied by isothermal conduction calorimetry, with an IBM JAF Calorimeter, AWCAL4 Program, Wexham Developments. With this technique the reaction heat and the heat evolution rate were determined as a function of time. Depending on the calorimetric results some AAS pastes were fixed with acetone and ethanol and analysed through FTIR. The specimens were prepared by mixing 1 mg of sample in 300 mg of KBr. The spectral analysis was performed in the range cm 1 with a spectral resolution of 1 cm 1 and the equipment used was a ATIMATTSON apparatus, FTIR- TM series. Results Flexural and compressive strength values at 3, 7 and 28 days for the AAS slag pastes are shown in Table 2. Samples 1, 2 and 3, when the main alkaline activator is Table 1. ph and chemical composition of solution by mass to the slag for alkaline solution to slag ratio ¼ 0 4. N8 AAS Activator ph [Na 2 O]: % [SiO 2 ]: % [CO 3 ] 2- SiO 2 /Na 2 O 1 Waterglass %Wat/20%NaOH %Wat/20%Na 2 CO NaOH %NaOH/20%Wat %NaOH/20%Na 2 CO Na 2 CO %Na 2 CO 3 /20%Wat %Na 2 CO 3 /20%NaOH Table 2. Mechanical strengths of alkali activated slag pastes N8 Activator Flexural strength: MPa Compressive strength: MPa 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days 1 Waterglass %Wat/20%NaOH %Wat/20%Na 2 CO NaOH %NaOH/20%Wat %NaOH/20%Na 2 CO Na 2 CO %Na 2 CO 3 /20%Wat %Na 2 CO 3 /20%NaOH Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3
3 Activator mix and the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements waterglass, show the highest mechanical strength at all ages, (about MPa compressive strength at 28 days). When the waterglass dose decreases, the mechanical strength decreases. The mechanical strength of pastes 5 (80%N/20%W) and 8 (80%C/20%W) are higher than those of 0% waterglass (samples 4 and 7 respectively). When the main alkaline activator is Na 2 CO 3 (samples 7, 8 and 9) the mechanical strengths at early age were the lowest, which is why in these three cases the test specimens were taken off the mould after 75 h curing. However, these mechanical strengths improved when the reaction time increased. The cause of this phenomenon will be discussed later. In Table 3, the experimental results obtained for initial, t I, and final setting times, t F, are shown, and also the time this process lasted ( t ¼ t F t i ). These results indicate that paste activated with 100% waterglass, 80%W/20%N and 80%W/20%C (samples 1, 2 and 3) have the shortest initial setting times (t I, 1h 30 min), along with as the slag activated with 80%N/ 20%W (sample 5). The slag samples 4 and 6 activated with 100%NaOH and 80%N/20%C undergo a small increase of initial setting time (2 h 45 min and 3 h 22 min, respectively). However the slag paste activated with 100% Na 2 CO 3 solution (sample 7) shows the longest initial setting time (t I, 3 days); in this paste a change of plasticity at 25 h was observed. The heat evolution rate of AAS pastes versus time for the different alkaline activators is shown in Fig. 1. This study was performed in order to determine which areas of the calorimetric curves correspond to initial and final setting times in AAS pastes. The heat evolution curves of AAS pastes can be classified into five periods, the same as those of the Portland cement: 6,8 (a) initial (pre-induction) period; (b) induction period; (c) acceleration (post-induction) period; (d) deceleration period; and (e) diffusion period. In samples 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 in which the main activators were waterglass and Na 2 CO 3, two heat evolution peaks were observed. However, in samples 4, 5 and 6 in which the main activator was NaOH only one peak was observed, (see Fig. 1, Table 4). V 1 is the heat evolution rate associated with the pre-induction peak and V 2 is the heat evolution rate associated with the acceleration-deceleration peak when the main reaction product, a calcium silicate hydrate, 6,8 is formed. The numerical values obtained for the first and second peak rates and the times at which these signals appear are shown in Table 4. In this table the duration time of the second reaction peak, t, associated with the precipitation of the main reaction products is also shown, as well as the heat released, Q. FTIR spectra of samples 1, 3, 4 and 7 are shown in Fig. 2. All samples produced a complex group of bands in the range of cm 1 corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of Si- O bands, and a group of bands in the range of cm 1 due to deformation of SiO 4 tetrahedra. Silicate vibration bands in FTIR spectra of all AAS samples, at different ages, are presented in Table 5. Bands associated with vibrations of carbonate groups are also present in all spectra of AAS pastes. Also in sample 7, activated with Na 2 CO 3 band associated with the formation of sodium calcium silicate was detected (1450 cm 1 with a shoulder at 1410, 876, 708 and 685 cm 1 ). Discussion The alkali activated slag pastes with 100% (sample 1), and 80% (sample 2 and 3) of waterglass solution gave high mechanical strength values in flexure and compression, even at initial ages (3 days, see Table 2). In these alkali solutions the ph values are very similar ( ) to those used in samples 4, 5 and 6, where the mechanical strengths were lower. This indicates that the presence of silicate ions in the previously mentioned solutions plays a decisive role in the development of high mechanical strengths. On the other hand, the presence of carbonate ions reduces the ph values in the solution (samples 7, 8 and 9) and for these the initial mechanical strength decreases (this behaviour will be discussed later in more detail). A ternary diagram is presented in Fig. 3, where a summary of the results obtained is represented as a Table 3. Setting time for alkali activated slag cements pastes Sample Activators Initial time: t i Final time: t f t ¼ t i - t f 1 Waterglass 1 h 16 min 1 h 46 min 20 min 2 80%Wat/20%NaOH 1 h 15 min 1 h 55 min 25 min 3 80%Wat/20%Na 2 CO 3 1 h 20 min 1 h 55 min 30 min 4 NaOH 2 h 45 min 3 h 50 min 30 min 5 80%NaOH/20%Wat. 1 h 10 min 1 h 40 min 20 min 6 80%NaOH/20%Na 2 CO 3 3 h 22 min 5 h 12 min 2 h 20 min 7 Na 2 CO 3.3day.3 day 8 a 80%Na 2 CO 3 /20%Wat. 2 h 42 min 5 h 42 min 3 h 9 a 80%Na 2 CO 3 /20%NaOH 5 h 47 min 9 h 47 min 4 h a false setting. Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No
4 A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas 5 5 Rate heat evolution: kj/kg/h Waterglass W/20N 3. 80W/20C Rate heat evolution: kj/kg/h NaOH 5. 80N/20W 6. 80N/20C Time: h Time: h Rate heat evolution: kj/kg/h Na 2 CO C/20W 9. 80C/20N Time: h Fig. 1. Heat evolution rates of alkali activated slag pastes Table 4. Numerical value of heat evolution rate and heat curves of alkali activated slag pastes N8 Sample Activator First signal Second signal t 1 :h V 1 : kj/kgh t 2 :h V 2 : kj/kgh t Q 1 Waterglass %Wat/20%NaOH %Wat/20%Na 2 CO NaOH %NaOH/20%Wat %NaOH/20%Na 2 CO Na 2 CO %Na 2 CO 3 /20%Wat %Na 2 CO 3 /20%NaOH function of the composition of the alkaline solution used. A discussion of the results obtained is presented as follows. Waterglass! NaOH (samples 1, 2, 5 and 4) When the amount of silicate ions decreases in the alkaline activation solution, the setting time of AAS pastes is scarcely modified. Mechanical strength values decrease (see Table 2), and a reduction of the induction period in the heat evolution rate (see Fig. 1) is observed as well. The causes of this behaviour are related to the nature and structure of the reaction products formed. In sample 1 (100% waterglass, with a high ph ¼ 13 2 and high content of silicate ions (SiO 2 /Na 2 O ¼ 1 5 ratio)), the silicate ions from the alkaline solution initially react with the Ca 2þ ions from the slag to form a C S H responsible for the fast setting time of this paste. The setting time and hardening of the paste takes 132 Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3
5 Activator mix and the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements 14h. No 1, 100% Waterglass No 3, 80% Wat./20% Na 2 CO 3 2h. 2h. 14h. 1h. 1h. Slag Slag cm cm 1 No 4, 100% NaOH No 7, 100% Na 2 CO 3 4h. 14h. 200h. 2h. 38h. 20h. Slag Slag cm 1 cm 1 Fig. 2. FTIR spectra for samples 1, 3, 4 and 7 place before the maximum precipitation of the main reaction products occur. It results in a pre-induction peak in the curves of the heat evolution rate. When the amount of SiO 2 ions in the alkaline solution decreases (from 6% in sample 1 to 4 8% in sample 2 and 1 2% in sample 5), the intensity of this pre-induction peak decreases too (from V 1 ¼ 4 22 to V 1 ¼ 2 44 and 1 27 for samples 2 and 5 respectively, see Table 4). This is due to the lower amount of this initial calcium silicate hydrate formed. This is confirmed by the fact that in the absence of silicate ions in the alkaline solution (sample 4) this pre-induction signal is not detected. In FTIR spectra, the Si-O silicate vibration regions of C S H generally give a band centred at 970 cm 1, assigned to Si-O stretching vibrations. 8,13 This band shifts towards higher frequencies as the C/S ratio decreases. In Fig. 2(a) and in Table 5 it is clearly observed how at 2 h (time associated with the initial setting time), the band assigned to stretching vibrations in samples 1, 2 and 5 shifts toward higher frequencies than in the unreacted slag spectrum (958 cm 1 shifts to 985 3, and 968 cm 1, respectively). Over long time periods (about 8 11 h) a calcium silicate hydrate response to the acceleration deceleration peak in the curves of heat evolution rate is formed. At this Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No
6 A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas Table 5. Bands of asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O bands, and bands of bending vibrations of Si-O-Si bands (cm 1 ) Frequency of bands of í 3 (Si-O) and í 4 (Si-O-Si) in cm 1 Slag N81 (1 h) (2 h) (14 h) N82 (1 h) (2 h) (14 h) N83 (1 h) (2 h) (14 h) N84 (2 h) (4 h) (14 h) N85 (1 h) (2 h) (14 h) N86 (2 h) (6 h) (14 h) N87 (20 h) (38 h) (200 h) N88 (2 h) (6 h) (60 h) (105 h) N89 (5 h) (14 h) (60 h) ***t 2 *MS **t i same NaOH 4 7 Na 2 CO 3 **t i Waterglass *MS same ***t 2 *MS **t i ***t 2 Fig. 3. Mixes of alkaline activator. MS ¼ mechanical strength; t i ¼ initial setting time; t 2 ¼ time that the peak associated to the main reaction products in the curve of heat evolution rate appear. time the í 3 (Si-O) bands shift to lower frequencies than at 2 h (979 6, and 968 cm 1 at 14 h for samples 1, 2 and 5 respectively), indicating that this calcium silicate has a higher C/S ratio than the initial one. In previous studies, 8,14,15 it has been demonstrated that when a waterglass solution is used as an alkali activator the main reaction product formed is a semicrystalline C S H gel with a dreierketten-type structure. These structures have a C/S ratio of and also some tetrahedral aluminium (Al T ) in bridging positions. On the other hand, the presence of Q 3 entities associated with possible formation of cross-linked structures was also detected. That structure could be responsible for the higher mechanical strengths obtained in these AAS pastes. When the silicate anions in the alkaline solution decrease, the C/S ratio in the main C S H increases and the content of Q 3 units decreases or does not appear, the initial setting time increases and mechanical strength decreases. NaOH! Na 2 CO 3 (samples 4, 6, 9 and 7) In the presence of carbonate ions in the alkaline solutions, the initial ph decreases, the setting time increases and the early mechanical strengths decrease. However, in the absence of carbonate and silicate ions (sample 4, ph ¼ 13 5) the activation process is very fast. (see Fig. 1). Thus, when the alkali activator is just an NaOH solution, the initial peak associated with the slag dissolution, or the pre-induction peak associated with the formation of initial reactions, are not detected in the heat evolution rate curves. In this sample (AAS activated with NaOH solution) the reaction process is similar to that of Portland cement hydration; 6,8 the initial and final setting time are directly affected by the acceleration peak in the heat evolution curve, when a C S H gel, responsible for the setting time of the pastes, is formed. This explains why the heat associated with the acceleration deceleration peak is more intense than in the other samples studied. As previously indicated, the presence of carbonate ions in the alkali solution increases the setting time, it also increases the induction period in the heat evolution curve. With 20% of Na 2 CO 3 this effect is not as 134 Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3
7 Activator mix and the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements significant as with 80% (sample 8) where the presence of a pre-induction peak (V 1 ¼ 0 35 at 4 33 h) was detected. This peak can be associated with the formation of a sodium calcium carbonate responsible for both the false setting time in these pastes and for the decrease in the mechanical strength at early ages. When the alkaline activator is NaOH, Si-O stretching vibration bands (see Table 5, sample 4) shift toward higher frequencies than those of the unreacted slag. However they always present at lower frequencies than in AAS paste with silicate ions in the alkaline solution (samples 1, 2 and 5). This indicates that a C S H with a higher C/S ratio is being formed. It has been proved in previous studies 8,13,14 that when the alkaline activator is an NaOH solution, a semicrystalline C S H with dreierketten-type structure is formed, with a high amount of Al T in bridging positions and a C/S ratio between , but the presence of Q 3 entities went undetected. 14 When carbonate ions are present in the activated solution the initial ph is lower; as the kinetic process is delayed. At early ages, the low ph solution slows the kinetic process, therefore more time is needed for the alkali reaction. Later, a C S H is formed (Si-O stretching vibrations bands in the FTIR spectra shift toward higher frequencies). This proves that the presence of carbonate ions, in the alkaline solution, reduces mechanical strength, but only at early ages. Na 2 CO 3! waterglass (samples 7, 8, 3 and 1) As previously observed, the presence of carbonate ions increases the setting time, while the presence of silicate ions reduces it. Sample 7 (ph ¼ 11 6, Na 2 CO 3 solution) has the longest initial setting time (. 3 days). It is due, partly, to the small ph of the alkaline activator that slows the rate of slag dissolution, and also, to the formation of a sodium calcium carbonate. Consequently, a initial signal, between 8 and 20 h, was observed in the heat evolution curve in response to a pre-induction peak. Also, in the FTIR spectrum of this sample, a band of great intensity was detected at 1450 cm 1 with a shoulder at 1410 cm 1 together with the bands that appear at 876, 708 and 685 cm 1 associated with formation of sodium calcium carbonate. This sodium calcium carbonate is responsible for the lost of paste plasticity, which neither hardens nor sets. Later, at increased intervals, the C S H gel is formed. In samples 3 and 8, the ph of the solution and the content of silicate ions increases while the content of carbonate ions decreases. It results in an increase in kinetics; therefore the setting time decreases and the mechanical strength increases, both at early and at late ages. The results obtained in this work show that mix 3 is the most appropriate for improving workability without diminishing mechanical strength. The high ph favours the initial slag dissolution, the silicate ions increase the mechanical strength and carbonate ions act as regulators of the setting time. A more detailed study of the three mixture activators will be carried out in the future to determine which is the most appropriate amount of silicate and carbonate ions. Conclusion The main conclusions drawn from this work are (a) The ph of the activated solution plays a very important role in the initial slag dissolution, favouring Ca 2þ ions from the slag to the solution. This process is highly favoured by ph values > 12. Lower values delay the activation process, although it still occurrs. (b) For ph values higher than 12, the main factor that controls the setting time as well as the development of mechanical strengths, is the anion type of alkaline activator solution. This anion can react with the ions dissolved from the slag, mainly with the Ca 2þ ions, generating stable hydration products. In the presence of silicate ions, an initial calcium silicate hydrate that accelerates the setting times and increases the mechanical strengths is formed. Carbonate ions have an opposite effect, extending the setting time and decreasing the mechanical strengths at early ages. This is due partly to lower ph in the solution and to the initial formation of sodium calcium carbonate. Acknowledgement The authors of the present work wish to thank the CICYT for funding this research through the project MAT Thanks go to the Regional Government of Madrid for awarding a post-doctoral grant. Also, thanks to J. L. García and A. Gil for the preparation of AAS cement. References 1. Shi C. and Day R. L. Some factors affecting early hydration of alkali-slag cements. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26, No. 3, Wand S. D.; Pu X. C., Scrivener K. L. and Pratt P. L. Alkali-activated slag: a review of properties and problems. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, l7, No. 27, Puertas F. Cementos de escorias activadas alcalinamente: situación actual y perspectivas de futuro. Materials and Construction, 1995, 45, No. 239, Wang S. D., Scrivener K. L. and Pratt P. L. Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag. Cement and Concrete Research, 1994, 24, No. 6, Fernandez-Jiménez A., Puertas F. and Palomo J. G. Alkaliactivated slag mortars: mechanical strength behaviour. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999, 29, Schutter D. G. and Taerwe L. General hydration of model for postland cement and blast furnace slag cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 1994, 25, No. 3, Fernández-Jiménez A. and Puertas F. Cementos de escorias activadas alcalinamente. Determinación del grado de reacción. Materials and Construction, 2001, 51, No. 261, Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No
8 A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas 8. Fernández-Jiménez A. and Puertas F. Setting of alkaliactivated slag cement. influence of activator nature. Advances in Cement Research, 2001, 13, No. 3, Darko K. and Branislav Z. Effects of dosage and modulus of water glass on early hydration of alkali-slag cements. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 32, Shi C. and Day R. L. A calorimetric study of early hydration of alkali-slag cements. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 25, No. 6, Bakharev T., Sanjayan J. G. and Cheng Y. B. Effect of admixtures on properties of alkali-activated slag concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 30, Collins F. and Sanjayan J. G. Early age strength and workability of slag pastes activated by NaOH and Na 2 CO 3. Cement and Concrete Research, 1998, 28, No. 5, Yu P., Kirkpatrick R. J., Poe B., McMillan P. F. and Cong X. Structure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H): nera-, mird-, and far-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1998, 82, No. 3, Fernández-Jiménez A., Puertas F., Sobrados I. and Sanz J. Structure of calcium silicate hydrate formed in alkaline activated slag. Influence of the alkaline activator nature. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2002, in press. 15. Brough A. R. and Atkinson A. Sodium silicate-based, alkaliactivated slag mortars. Part I. Strength, hydration and microstructure. Cement and Concrete Research, 2002, 32, Discussion contributions on this paper should reach the editor by 1 January Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3
ROLE OF ACTIVATOR TYPE AND DOSAGE ON THE REACTION KINETICS OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED SLAG PASTES Berhan S. Gebregziabiher 1 and Sulapha Peethamparan *2
ROLE OF ACTIVATOR TYPE AND DOSAGE ON THE REACTION KINETICS OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED SLAG PASTES Berhan S. Gebregziabiher 1 and Sulapha Peethamparan *2 1 Graduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationResearch Article Strength and Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Paste and Mortar
Advances in Civil Engineering Volume 1, Article ID 57973, 7 pages doi:1.1155/1/57973 Research Article Strength and Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Paste and Mortar Mao-chieh Chi, 1 Jiang-jhy
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLD PROCESS CEMENT
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLD PROCESS CEMENT Murmu Meena 1, 1 PhD Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India (email: meenamurmu@gmail.com)
More informationEFFECT OF GREEN ACTIVATORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF ALKALI ACTIVATED MATERIALS: A REVIEW
EFFECT OF GREEN ACTIVATORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF ALKALI ACTIVATED MATERIALS: A REVIEW Adeyemi Adesina (1) (1) Concordia University, Montreal, Canada Abstract The most common types of activators used for
More informationINVESTIGATING SHRINKAGE CHANGES OF NATURAL POZZOLAN BASED GEOPOLYMER CEMENT PASTE
INVESTIGATING SHRINKAGE CHANGES OF NATURAL POZZOLAN BASED GEOPOLYMER CEMENT PASTE E. Najafi Kani and A. Allahverdi,* * ali.allahverdi@iust.ac.ir Received: January Accepted: July School of Chemical, Petroleum,
More informationENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE AFTER EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
CHAPTER 5 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE AFTER EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES 5.1 INTRODUCTION Even though much study has been carried out on the behaviour of concrete exposed to elevated
More informationEFFECT OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR AND CURING METHOD ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENTLESS FLY ASH BASED ALKALI-ACTIVATED MORTAR
- Technical Paper - EFFECT OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR AND CURING METHOD ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENTLESS FLY ASH BASED ALKALI-ACTIVATED MORTAR Gyung-Taek KOH*1, Hyun-Jin KANG*2, Gum-Sung RYU*3 and
More informationRESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016
RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 INFLUENCE OF SLAG CHEMISTRY AND COMPOSITION ON THE HYDRATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERSULFATED CEMENT Rana Masoudi, R.M. PhD Candidate, University of Toronto,
More informationAlkali Activated Systems. Understanding the Influence of Curing Conditions and Activator Type/Chemistry on the
Alkali Activated Systems Understanding the Influence of Curing Conditions and Activator Type/Chemistry on the Mechanical Strength and Chemical Structure of Fly Ash/Slag Systems by Ussala Chowdhury A Thesis
More informationPerformance of Geopolymer Concrete Under Sulfate Exposure
Performance of Geopolymer Concrete Under Sulfate Exposure by S. E. Wallah, D. Hardjito, D.M.J. Sumajouw, and B.V. Rangan Synopsis: As a relatively new material, geopolymer concrete offers the benefits
More informationChemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage
Chemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage P. Arjunan 1, M. R. Silsbee 2, and D. M. Roy 2, 1 Custom Building Products, 6515, Salt Lake Ave,
More informationProperties of alkali activated slag-fly ash blends with limestone addition Gao, X.; Yu, Q.; Brouwers, H.J.H.
Properties of alkali activated slag-fly ash blends with limestone addition Gao, X.; Yu, Q.; Brouwers, H.J.H. Published in: 19. Internationale Baustofftagung, 16 18. September 2015, Weimar, Germany Published:
More informationExperimental Study on the Influence of Raw Materials to Concrete Compressive Strength
2017 Asia-Pacific Engineering and Technology Conference (APETC 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-443-1 Experimental Study on the Influence of Raw Materials to Concrete Compressive Strength Yifang-Meng, Yongning-Cui,
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE USING GGBS AND FLYASH
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE USING GGBS AND FLYASH K. Y Satya Pavan 1, V.Sainath 2 1 PG Scholar (Structural Engineering), Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, AP,
More informationStrength Performance Studies on Ambient Cured Silica fume based Geopolymer Concrete
Strength Performance Studies on Ambient Cured Silica fume based Geopolymer Concrete Manjunath S. Sontakki 1, Prof. Swapnil B. Cholekar 2 1M.Tech Student, Civil Engineering Department, KLE s Dr.M.S.S.C.E.T.
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG GEL USING NANO-INDENTATION
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG GEL USING NANO-INDENTATION Berhan S. Gebregziabiher 1 and Sulapha Peethamparan 2* 1 Doctoral Graduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
More informationSTRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE K. Srinivasan and A. Sivakumar Structural Engineering Division, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-Mail:
More informationEFFECT OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER BASED ON FLY ASH AND ALUMINIUM WASTE BLEND
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 21 No. 1; January - March 2014 9 EFFECT OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER BASED ON FLY ASH AND ALUMINIUM WASTE BLEND Sujitra Onutai 1,2, Thanakorn
More informationExperimental Study on the Influence of Fly Ash and Slag on Strength of Concrete
2017 Asia-Pacific Engineering and Technology Conference (APETC 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-443-1 Experimental Study on the Influence of Fly Ash and Slag on Strength of Concrete Yu-Feng, Jianbin-Gao, Qingfu-Li
More informationNaOH alkali-activated class F fly ash: NaOH molarity, Curing conditions and mass ratio effect
NaOH alkali-activated class F fly ash: NaOH molarity, Curing conditions and mass ratio effect H. Bakkali*, M. Ammari, I. Frar Laboratory of Materials and Resource Valorization, Faculty of Sciences and
More informationEffect of Temperature and Activator Molar of Na 2 O to SiO 2 in the Process of Synthesis and Microstructure of Cement Geopolymer
M. Asadi et al, Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2013, 3-9 3 Effect of Temperature and Activator Molar of Na 2 O to SiO 2 in the Process of Synthesis and Microstructure of Cement
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS SLAG ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METAKAOLIN-BASED GEOPOLYMER PASTES
Original papers THE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS SLAG ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METAKAOLIN-BASED GEOPOLYMER PASTES M. A. SOLEIMANI, # R. NAGHIZADEH, A. R. MIRHABIBI, F. GOLESTANIFARD
More informationPerformance of Fly ash Based Geopolymer Mortars in Sulphate Solution
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 3 (1) (2010) 36-40 Research Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Technology Review www.jestr.org Performance of Fly ash Based Geopolymer Mortars
More informationIMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE DURABILITY BY COMPLEX MINERAL SUPER-FINE POWDER
277 IMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE DURABILITY BY COMPLEX MINERAL SUPER-FINE POWDER Chen Han-bin, Chen Jian-xiong, Xiao Fei, and Cui Hong-ta College of Material Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PRC Abstract
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER
NATURA MONTENEGRINA, Podgorica, 9(3):867-881 THE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER Jozefita MARKU*, Vaso KOZETA**, Caja SHQIPONJA
More informationChemical Admixtures for Concrete. ACCELERATORS Özge Andiç Çakır, PhD
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete ACCELERATORS Özge Andiç Çakır, PhD Accelerators: Definition An accelerating admixture is a material that is added to concrete for reducing the time of setting and accelerating
More informationDimitra Zaharaki 1, Kostas Komnitsas 1 and Georgios Bartzas 2
Dimitra Zaharaki 1, Kostas Komnitsas 1 and Georgios Bartzas 2 1 School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece 2 School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,
More informationMechanical properties and absorption of chlorides in alkali activated slag concrete and exposed to carbonation
Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia N. 62 pp. 189-195. Marzo, 212 Mechanical properties and absorption of chlorides in alkali activated slag concrete and exposed to carbonation Propiedades mecánicas y absorción
More informationProperties of Alkali Activated Slag Mortar after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures for Different Time
Proceedings of the World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE 16) Prague, Czech Republic March 30 31, 2016 Paper No. ICSENM 102 DOI: 10.11159/icsenm16.102 Properties of Alkali
More informationA DETAILED PROCEDURE OF MIX DESIGN FOR FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures (APFIS 2013) 11-13 December 2013, Melbourne, Australia 2013 International Institute for FRP in Construction A DETAILED PROCEDURE OF MIX DESIGN FOR FLY
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM BASED FLY ASH GEOPOLYMER AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM BASED FLY ASH GEOPOLYMER AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Anwar Hosan 1,*, SharanyHaque 1 and Faiz Shaikh 1 1* Email: anwarhosan@yahoo.com 1 Department of Civil Engineering,
More information11/19/2013. Types of concrete. Concrete based On alternative binders Special concretes. Normal strength concrete. High strength concrete (>60MPa)
Types of concrete Normal strength concrete Concrete based On alternative binders Special concretes. High strength concrete (>60MPa) High performance concrete Ultra high strength concrete (>150MPa) Ultra
More informationThe Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) Additive on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Slag
77 The Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) Additive on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Danutė Vaičiukynienė*, Eugenijus Janavičius, Andrius Kielė, Siddeshwaran Parthiban
More informationEffect of phosphate ions on preparation of fly ash based geopolymer
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-issn: 2278-5736. Volume 4, Issue 3 (May. Jun. 2013), PP 20-26 Effect of phosphate ions on preparation of fly ash based geopolymer J. K. Sadangi 1*, S. D.
More informationMitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortar with Limestone Addition and Carbonation
Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortar with Limestone Addition and Carbonation Chun-Tao Chen 1* and Wei-Cheng Yang 1 1 Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science
More informationMechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Fly Ash and Slag
Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Fly Ash and Slag Maochieh Chi, Yenchun Liu, and Ran Huang Abstract This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural
More informationAn Experimental Investigation on the behaviour of Portland Cement Concrete and Geopolymer Concrete in acidic environment
An Experimental Investigation on the behaviour of Portland Cement and Geopolymer in acidic environment Kolli Venkata Manjeeth, J. Sri Kalyana Rama 1 (Student, Civil Engineering Department, BITS PILANI
More informationALKALI SILICA REACTION MITIGATING PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CEMENT WITH CALCINED CLAY AND LIMESTONE.
ALKALI SILICA REACTION MITIGATING PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CEMENT WITH CALCINED CLAY AND LIMESTONE. Aurélie R. Favier, Cyrille F. Dunant, Karen L. Scrivener EPFL-STI-IMX LMC, Station12, CH-1015 Lausanne,
More informationCIV2226: Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures
CIV2226: Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures Concrete Technology... 2 Concrete Mix Design... 2 Portland Cement... 4 Supplementary Cementitious Materials... 5 Concrete Aggregates... 6 Chemical Admixtures...
More informationCHAPTER 4 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES
59 CHAPTER 4 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES 4.1 GENERAL From the detailed experimental investigations on fly ash based Geopolymer concrete (GPC) given in chapter 3 the following two limitations have been
More informationalkali-activated binder; Impact of type
Original papers Recycling phosphorus slag as a precursor for alkali-activated binder; Impact of type and dosage of activator Hojjatollah Maghsoodloorad*, Hamidreza Khalili Amiri*, # Ali Allahverdi*, **,
More informationIMPROVING SULFATE RESISTANCE OF MORTARS PRODUCED WITH SANDS CONTAMINATED BY NATURAL SULFATE
International RILEM Conference on Material Science MATSCI, Aachen 2010 Vol. III, AdIPoC 231 IMPROVING SULFATE RESISTANCE OF MORTARS PRODUCED WITH SANDS CONTAMINATED BY NATURAL SULFATE H. N. Atahan, D.
More informationAn Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by Using Activated Flyash
An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by Using Activated Flyash P. Gopalsamy 1, E. Poornima 2, P. Karthik 3 1, 2, 3 Department of Civil Engineering, MAMCET, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India-621105
More informationProperties of Brown Coal Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortars
Properties of Brown Coal Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortars David W. Law 1, Thomas K. Molyneaux 1 and Rahmat Dirgantara 1 1 RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract: The use of industrial by-products to
More informationEffect on Strength Characteristics of Low Calcium Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete -An Initiative towards Green Concrete
International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN 0973-6077 Volume 11, Number 1 (2016), pp. 173-182 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Effect on Strength Characteristics
More informationUtilization of Alumina Waste and Silica Waste for Geopolymer Production
Article Utilization of Alumina Waste and Silica Waste for Geopolymer Production Petchporn Chawakitchareon *, and Plengprapkun Kingthong Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationSTRENGTH AND THERMAL STABILITY OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR
A.05 STRENGTH AND THERMAL STABILITY OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR Djwantoro Hardjito- Senior Lecturer; M.Z. Tsen- Student Curtin University of Technology, Malaysia. E-mail: djwantoro.h@curtin.edu.my
More informationJournal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp , July 2006
Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 1061-1085, July 2006 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CEMENT CONCRETE CONTAINING ALKALI WASTES OF OIL AND CELLULOSE PAPER INDUSTRIES
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SLAG/FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SLAG/FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE 1 CHIEN-CHUNG CHEN, 2 IVAN DIAZ, 3 KATHLEEN MENOZZI, 4 LUIS MURILLO 1,2,3,4 Purdue University Calumet, Purdue University Calumet, Purdue
More informationAli Allahverdi, Kamyar Mehrpour & Ebrahim Najafi Kani
IUST International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 19, No.3, 8, Page 1-5 Chemical & Civil Engineering, Special Issue TAFTAN POZZOLAN-BASED GEOPOLYMER CEMENT Ali Allahverdi, Kamyar Mehrpour & Ebrahim
More informationFly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans
Silica Fume, and Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Also known as Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) a material that, when used in conjunction with portland cement, contributes to the properties of
More informationINVESTIGATIONONS ON USE OF JAROSITE AS SET CONTROLLER IN CEMENT
INVESTIGATIONONS ON USE OF JAROSITE AS SET CONTROLLER IN CEMENT S K Agarwal, Puneet Sharma, Mithlesh Sharma and M M Ali National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh & B K Singh and Vikas
More informationTungsten mine waste geopolymeric binder: Preliminary hydration products investigations
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 200 209 Construction and Building MATERIALS www.elsevier.com/locate/conbuildmat Tungsten mine waste geopolymeric
More informationEffect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration and Alkaline Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Slag Based Geopolymer Concrete
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.4, pp 2446-2450, July-Aug 2014 Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration and Alkaline Ratio on the Compressive Strength
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2018-0011 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE M. VENU 1, T. D. GUNNESWARA RAO 1 * Abstract This paper focuses on the mechanical properties
More informationEffects of Curing Conditions on Properties of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete
International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) Effects of Curing Conditions on Properties of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete Xue-Hua YE 1,a,*, Jin-Yu XU 1,2,b 1 College of
More informationPERFORMANCE OF ALKALINE SOLUTIONS ON GRADES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
PERFORMANCE OF ALKALINE SOLUTIONS ON GRADES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Shankar H. Sanni 1, R. B. Khadiranaikar 2 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering
More informationEffect of Drying Rate on Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Cements
4 th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures 24 26 July 2014 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Abstract Effect of Drying Rate on Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Cements
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 16, Special. 1, pp. s138~s143 (2015) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Effect of incorporation of self healing admixture (SHA) on physical and mechanical
More informationCHAPTER 3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
59 CHAPTER 3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Concrete is made up of cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (stone chips) and water. It is important to know the properties of constituent materials, as
More informationThe Use of Fly Ash to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Concrete
The Use of Fly Ash to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Concrete Djwantoro Hardjito and Ng Tyam Pui School of Engineering and Science, Curtin University of Technology, Sarawak Campus CDT 250, Miri 98009,
More informationEffect of Incorporating Silica Fume in Fly Ash Geopolymers Suresh Thokchom 1, Debabrata Dutta 2, Somnath Ghosh 3
Vol:, No:1, 11 Effect of Incorporating Silica Fume in Fly Ash Geopolymers Suresh Thokchom 1, Debabrata Dutta, Somnath Ghosh 3 International Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:, No:1,
More informationDrying Shrinkage of Alkali Activated Fly Ash: Effect of Activator Composition and Ambient Relative Humidity
Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies http://www.claisse.info/proceedings.htm SCMT4 Las Vegas, USA, August 7-11, 2016 Drying Shrinkage of Alkali Activated
More informationENVIRONMENT-PROTECTING UNBAKED CEMENT AND ITS HYDRATE MECHANISM
131 ENVIRONMENT-PROTECTING UNBAKED CEMENT AND ITS HYDRATE MECHANISM An Ming-zhe, 1 Zhang Li-jun, 1 Zhang Meng, 1 and Wang Fu-chuan 2 1 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University,
More informationHYDRATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT BLENDED WITH BLAST FURNACE SLAG
HYDRATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT BLENDED WITH BLAST FURNACE SLAG Guang Ye (1,2), Klaas van Breugel (1) and Geert De Schutter (2) (1) Microlab, Faculty of Civil Engineering and
More informationSTRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF SLAG (GGBS) BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE IN CHLORIDE ENVIRONMENT
STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF SLAG (GGBS) BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE IN CHLORIDE ENVIRONMENT S. Sarker *, M. A. Hossain, O. C. Debnath, N. Tabassum & M. S. Islam Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University
More informationBrown Coal Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete
Brown Coal Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Rahmat Dirgantara 1,2, David W. Law 1 and Thomas K. Molyneaux 1 1 RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia 2 STT Harapan College, Medan, Indonesia Abstract: The production
More informationTHE LEACHING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IMMERSED IN AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION
THE LEACHING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IMMERSED IN AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION U. Schneider and S.-W. Chen Institute of Building Construction and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Abstract This
More informationProperties of waste-based geopolymer building blocks
Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2013-08-08 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 357-360, pp 935-938 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.935 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Properties of waste-based
More informationLECTURE NO. 10 & 11 (Part II) MINERAL ADMIXTURES
Objectives: LECTURE NO. 10 & 11 (Part II) MINERAL ADMIXTURES To introduce the mineral admixtures By: Dr. Shamshad Ahmad To explain in detail fly ash and silica fume used as mineral admixtures INTRODUCTION
More informationBlast-furnace-slag binders by one-part ( just add water ) alkali activation. September 27 th Dr. Tero Luukkonen
Blast-furnace-slag binders by one-part ( just add water ) alkali activation September 27 th Dr. Tero Luukkonen GEOBIZ BUSINESS FROM GEOPOLYMERS Potential applications JUST ADD WATER GEOPOLYMERS DURABLE
More informationBlast Furnace Slag Cements
REFERENCE DATA SHEET 3-2011 Blast Furnace Slag Cements FLY ASH REFERENCE Properties, Characteristics and Applications DATA SHEET No. 1 August 2009 1. INTRODUCTION This data sheet reviews in some detail
More informationProperties of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Geopolymer Mortar Cured at Ambient Temperature
Properties of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Geopolymer Mortar Cured at Ambient Temperature Monita Olivia 1,2,*, Lora Mona Tambunan 1 and Edy Saputra 3 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationInitial and final setting times of the fresh slag/fly ash geopolymer mortar were measured using a Vicat needle as TABLE II
EFFECT OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR, WATER, SUPERPLASTICISER AND SLAG CONTENTS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF SLAG- FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CURED UNDER AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Abstract Geopolymer
More informationMechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with addition of GGBS
Mechanical properties fly ash based geopolymer concrete with addition V. Bhikshma and T. Naveen Kumar Concrete plays important role in the construction industry worldwide. New technologies have helped
More informationSOME PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HEAT OF HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT
ENSET Oran (Algeria) - October 12-14, 29 SOME PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HEAT OF HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT A. Bougara 1, J. Khatib 2, H. Khellafi 3 T. 4. Durability of materials and structures
More informationParticle Size Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in Cement Concrete
Particle Size Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in Cement Concrete V.Nagendra 1, C. Sashidhar 2, S. M. Prasanna Kumar 3, N.Venkata Ramana 4 1 Civil Engineering Department, Nagarjuna
More informationINVESTIGATING SOME DURABILITY RELATED PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE
INVESTIGATING SOME DURABILITY RELATED PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE Saud AI-Otaibi*, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait 29th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES:
More informationA STUDIES ON BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
A STUDIES ON BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE S.K SALINI 3, S. SATHEESH KUMAR 2, Dr. K. THIRUMALAI RAJA 3 1Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India 2Professor,
More informationConcrete Technology 2/5. Aalto University School of Engineering Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Building Materials Technology
/5 Aalto University School of Engineering Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Building Materials Technology Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS GGBS is obtained by quenching molten iron
More informationExperimental Study on Strength Assessment of Fly Ash based Geopolymer Matrix
Experimental Study on Strength Assessment of Fly Ash based Geopolymer Matrix S. Sharmila 1, S.K. Maniarasan 2, S. Venkatachalam 3 1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,
More informationOptimization of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Mixtures in a Seawater Environment
Optimization of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Mixtures in a Seawater Environment Monita Olivia, Hamid Nikraz Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, WA
More informationDegradation of lime-pozzolan mortar exposed to dry deposition of SO 2 pollutant gas: Influence of curing temperature
Materials and Structures/Matériaux et Constructions, Vol. 32, June 1999, pp 377-382 Degradation of lime-pozzolan mortar exposed to dry deposition of SO 2 pollutant gas: Influence of curing temperature
More information(SJET) ISSN X
Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET) ISSN 2321-435X Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2013; 1(3):177-182 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific
More informationOptimizing Concrete Pavement Mixes with Slag Cement
WCPA Workshop Optimizing Concrete Pavement Mixes with Slag Cement WCPA Workshop February 12 th, 2015 Oshkosh, WI Bruce Blair Presentation February 12, 2015 1 of 41 Today s Topics What is slag cement? How
More informationInvestigation of the behaviour of geopolymer mortar after heating to elevated temperatures
Investigation of the behaviour of geopolymer mortar after heating to elevated temperatures D. V. Dao 1 and J. P. Forth 2 1 Senior Lecturer, Institute of Civil Engineering, University of Transport and Communications,
More informationEFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SILICA FUMES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SILICA FUMES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE Keyur Shah 1, Urvesh Barot 2, Samarth Jariwala 3, Avinash Patel 4, Priyank Jariwala 5 Assistant Professor, Civil
More informationEffect of a Calcium Silicate Hydrate-Type Accelerator on the Hydration and the Early Strength Development of Concrete Cured at 5 or at 20 Degrees Centigrade Harutake Imoto 1*, Akira Ohta 1, Qiuling Feng
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 148 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 148 (2016 ) 487 493 4th International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials Study of Fly Ash Characterization
More informationPore Solution Analysis as a Tool for Studying Early Age Hydration & Predicting Future Durability R.D. Hooton, T. Ramlochan, and M.D.A.
Pore Solution Analysis as a Tool for Studying Early Age Hydration & Predicting Future Durability R.D. Hooton, T. Ramlochan, and M.D.A. Thomas Cement Hydration Summit, Quebec, July 2009 Contents Obtaining
More informationInvestigation on Influence of Size of the Aggregate in Flyash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete with Complete Replacement of River Sand by M-Sand
Investigation on Influence of Size of the Aggregate in Flyash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete with Complete Replacement of River Sand by M-Sand P.Mahalakshmi 1, S.Christi 2, G.Mahalakshmi 3, J.Nithya
More informationEFFECT ON SLAG HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT IN DIFFERENT CURING CONDITIONS
EFFECT ON SLAG HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT IN DIFFERENT CURING CONDITIONS 1 Takeshi IYODA* 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 2 Kimihiro INOKUCHI
More informationPREPARATION OF GEOPOLYMER USING FLY ASH AND RICE HUSK SILICA AS RAW MATERIALS
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS PREPARATION OF GEOPOLYMER USING FLY ASH AND RICE HUSK SILICA AS RAW MATERIALS P. Chaiyapoom 1,2, S. Jiemsirilers 1,2*, S. Wada 1,2, K. Hemra 3, P.
More informationStrength Tests on Geopolymer Concrete Made With Black Rice Husk Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Strength Tests on Geopolymer Concrete Made With Black Rice Husk Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag S. POORNIMA Amara Institute of Engineering & Technology, Narasaraopet, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh,
More informationA STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF BOTTOM ASH-GGBS GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE FOR PAVER BLOCKS
Volume 4, Issue 4 (April, 215) Online ISSN-2277-1174 Published by: Abhinav Publication Abhinav National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in A STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF BOTTOM ASH-GGBS GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
More informationFLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE BEAMS USING GEOGRID
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2017, pp. 224 232, Article ID: IJCIET_08_12_026 Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=12
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 3, No 2, 2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 3, No 2, 2012 Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 Research article ISSN 0976 4399 The Effect of
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 16, Special. 1, pp. s40~s44 (2015) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Influence of lead, chromium and zinc ions as toxic heavy metals between C-S-H
More informationEFFECTS OF STONE POWDER SLUDGE ON THE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED FLY ASH PASTES
- Technical paper - EFFECTS OF STONE POWDER SLUDGE ON THE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED FLY ASH PASTES Sejin CHOI *1 Paulo J MONTEIRO *2 Moohan KIM *3 ABSTRACT Stone powder sludge is
More informationSubject Index C , 16 C , 12 C , 110 C , , 32
STP897-EB/Jan. 1986 Subject Index A Admixtures (see also Fly ash; Limestone; Silica fume; Slags) accelerating, 109 chemical, 106-127 mineral, 106-143 compressive strength, 115, 116, 118, 120 drying shrinkage,
More information