Leadership in Soft Magnetic Alloys

Transcription

1 Leadership in Soft Magnetic Alloys Carpenter Technology Corporation offers a wide selection of soft magnetic alloys to meet your material specifications. Choose from high permeability alloys, shielding alloys, silicon core irons or high-flux-density cobalt-iron alloys that have been used in applications ranging from simple magnetic cores to the most complex electronic circuitry. All are produced to Carpenter s exacting standards of consistency for uniform magnetic response using premium-melting vacuum technologies. Forms manufactured: Strip Bar Plate Wire Other forms available upon application Carpenter s soft magnetic alloys provide mechanical properties matched to various methods of fabrication such as: Stamping Coining Drawing Etching Machining Forging Cold forming Carpenter soft magnetic alloys have been used in the following applications: Motor laminations Relays Magnetic amplifiers Speedometers Magnetic bearings Transformers Magnetic shielding Vacuum equipment Forged electromagnetic components Watt-hour meters GFCI Carpenter Technology Corp. is a world recognized developer and manufacturer of cast wrought and powder metallurgy specialty alloys including stainless steels, high-strength alloys, superalloys, and tool and die steels as well as titanium alloys. World-Class Manufacturing and Quality Systems Carpenter is a fully integrated manufacturer, using advanced equipment and technologies including vacuum induction melting, vacuum arc remelting, double-vacuum melting (VIM-VAR), in-line hot rolling, and modern cold finishing equipment. This combination of capabilities, coupled with a highly skilled work force, supports your requirements for consistent, quality material lot after lot. Technical Expertise Bring us your design challenges. A team of metallurgists and product application experts stand ready to assist you with alloy selection and technical support. Visit us at Unless otherwise noted, trademarks are property of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation.

2 Selecting Carpenter Soft Magnetic Alloys The matrix below compares various classes or families of soft magnetic alloys in terms of their relative performance characteristics and costs. It can serve as an initial guide for you in selecting which family of alloys to explore for an application. Carpenter Soft Magnetic Alloy Type Analyses Single figures are nominal. Alloys Carbon Cobalt Manganese Nickel Silicon Iron Other Contact: USA TF: Tel: Canada TF: Hiperco 50 Alloy Balance V 1.90 Hiperco 50A Alloy Balance V 2.00 Hiperco 50HS Alloy Balance V 1.90 Hiperco 27 Alloy Balance Cr.60 Hiperco 15 Alloy Balance Cr.60 Carpenter High Permeability "49" Alloy/Hy Ra Balance Carpenter HyMu "80" Alloy Balance Mo 4.2 Carpenter HyMu "800" Balance Mo 5.0 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Balance Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Visit us at Balance P 0.18 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Balance Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B-FM" Balance P 0.12 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Balance Carpenter Electrical Iron Balance Detailed, searchable alloy data including an interactive Magnetic Property Selector are available in the Alloy TechZone at Cr 0.20 P 0.01 V 0.05 Europe Belgium Tel: England Tel: +44 (0) Mexico and South America Tel: +52 (442) Asia Singapore Tel: China +(86 21) The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Copyright 2014 CRS Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 06/14. G122

3 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Type Analysis Single figures are nominal except where noted. Carbon 0.03 % Manganese 0.15 % Silicon 1.00 % Iron Balance General Information Description Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" is melted in electric arc furnaces to exacting chemical specifications, and carefully controlled in rolling and annealing processes to produce a fine-grain, uniform quality magnetic core iron. A modified grade of Silicon Core Iron "A", known as Silicon Core Iron "A-FM", contains a free-machining additive to improve its machinability especially for screw machine operations. It has been used primarily for solid cores which must be machined economically in volume. Applications Silicon Core Iron "A" has been used in applications requiring a combination of medium electrical resistivity, high initial permeability and low hysteresis loss in AC and DC circuits with moderate formability. It can be cold formed in the fully annealed condition. Typical applications for this alloy have included solenoid switches, armatures, pole pieces, relays, etc. Properties Physical Properties Specific Gravity 7.75 Density lb/in³ Mean CTE (77 to 750 F) 7.10 x 10-6 in/in/ F Electrical Resistivity (70 F) ohm-cir-mil/ft Curie Temperature 1490 F Magnetic Properties Results determined from 3/8" (9.53 mm) diameter bar. Page: 1 of 5

4 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Saturation Flux Density G Coercivity Oe Magnetic Permeability Mu Residual Induction 6500 G Hysteresis Loss J/cm³/cycle Treatment for Final Closed Pack Anneal 1550 F Page: 2 of 5

5 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Typical Mechanical Properties Heat Treatment Items as supplied from the mill are not in the most magnetic soft condition, nor are they supplied to magnetic property requirements. As supplied magnetic property requirements must be approved by the mill. Finish fabricated parts must be heat treated to achieve soft magnetic characteristics. Suggested heat treating atmosphere is a wet hydrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 1550/1600 F (843/871 C), two to four hours at temperature and cooled 100/200 F (56/111 C) to 1000 F (538 C) and any rate thereafter. Other heat treating atmospheres can be employed, such as nitrogen-hydrogen combinations, vacuum, exothermication and inert atmosphere retort. Resulting magnetic characteristics will not be as good as the wet hydrogen atmosphere, which provides the best degree of decarburization. Other heat treatment temperatures in the range of 1350/1950 F (732/1038 C) can be employed to achieve certain advantages such as brazing and fine grain size as required by end application. A sacrifice in certain magnetic characteristics will be realized. A dry atmosphere must be employed at 1750 F (954 C) and above. Machinability Following are typical feeds and speeds for Silicon Core Iron "A". Workability Page: 3 of 5

6 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Additional Machinability Notes Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps. Applicable Specifications ASTM A848 Alloy 1 Forms Manufactured Other Information Bar - Many forms and conditions (Request for cold drawn finish should be referred to Technical Department for Acceptance). Bar-Rounds Billet Strip Page: 4 of 5

7 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A" Technical Articles A Simplified Method of Selecting Soft Magnetic Alloys Soft Magnetic Alloys with Improved Corrosion Resistance Disclaimer: The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation Copyright 2015 CRS Holdings Inc. All rights reserved. Visit us on the web at Edition Date: 03/01/1989 Page: 5 of 5

8 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Type Analysis Single figures are nominal except where noted. Carbon (Maximum) 0.04 % Manganese 0.15 % Phosphorus % Silicon 1.00 % Iron Balance General Information Description Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" is melted in electric arc furnaces to exacting chemical specifications and carefully controlled through all manufacturing processes to produce a fine-grain, uniform quality magnetic core iron. This alloy exhibits improved machining characteristics over Silicon Core Iron "A". Improvements in machinability up to 40% can be realized on automatic screw machines. The magnetic characteristics are of the same order exhibited by Silicon Core Iron "A" and are a function of the final heat treatment applied to the finish machined product. Applications Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" has been used in producing solid cores which must be machined economically in volume. This alloy is suggested for use in applications requiring a combination of moderately high electrical resistivity, high initial permeability, and low hysteresis loss in AC and DC circuits. Physical Properties Properties Specific Gravity 7.75 Density lb/in³ Mean CTE (77 to 750 F) 7.10 x 10-6 in/in/ F Electrical Resistivity (70 F) ohm-cir-mil/ft Curie Temperature 1490 F Magnetic Properties Magnetic properties are determined in accordance with ASTM A341. Diameters less than 1" (25.4 mm) are tested via a 10" (254 mm) length specimen on a Fehy Permeameter. Diameters 1" (25.4 mm) and larger are evaluated on solid ring specimens machined from a disc. Specimens are annealed at 1500 F (816 C) two hours in a wet hydrogen atmosphere and furnace cooled at a rate for 100 F (56 C) per hour down to 1000 F (538 C) and any cooling rate thereafter. Page: 1 of 4

9 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Saturation Flux Density ( Mu) G Coercivity to Oe Maximum Permeability (1.36 Oe) Residual Induction 6000 G Typical Mechanical Properties Workability Cold Working Cold working/cold forming properties are similar to Silicon Core Iron "A". Machinability Following are typical feeds and speeds for Silicon Core Iron "A-FM". Page: 2 of 4

10 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Additional Machinability Notes Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps. Applicable Specifications ASTM A867 Alloy 1F Other Information Page: 3 of 4

11 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "A-FM" Forms Manufactured Bar-Rounds Strip Technical Articles Billet A Designer's Manual On Specialty Alloys For Critical Automotive Components A Simplified Method of Selecting Soft Magnetic Alloys Soft Magnetic Alloys with Improved Corrosion Resistance Disclaimer: The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation Copyright 2015 CRS Holdings Inc. All rights reserved. Visit us on the web at Edition Date: 6/22/04 Page: 4 of 4

12 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Type Analysis Single figures are nominal except where noted. Carbon 0.03 % Manganese 0.15 % Silicon 2.50 % Iron Balance General Information Description Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" is melted in electric arc furnaces to exacting chemical specifications, and carefully controlled in rolling and annealing practices to produce a fine-grained uniform quality magnetic core alloy. Silicon Core Iron "B" is not recommended for components which must be cold formed due to its high silicon content. Applications Silicon Core Iron "B" is suggested for applications requiring very low hysteresis loss, medium electrical resistivity and high initial permeability in AC and DC circuits, low residual magnetism in DC circuits and virtual freedom from magnetic aging. This alloy is especially adapted for making solenoid switches, armatures, pole pieces, relays, etc. Properties Physical Properties Specific Gravity 7.65 Density lb/in³ Mean CTE (77 to 750 F) 7.35 x 10-6 in/in/ F Electrical Resistivity (70 F) ohm-cir-mil/ft Curie Temperature 1470 F Magnetic Properties Saturation Flux Density G Coercivity Oe Maximum Permeability Residual Induction 6000 G Hysteresis Loss J/cm³/cycle Treatment for Final Closed Pack Anneal 1550 F Page: 1 of 4

13 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Typical Mechanical Properties Heat Treatment Items as supplied from the mill are not in the most magnetic soft condition, nor are they supplied to magnetic property requirements. As supplied magnetic property requirements must be approved by the mill. Finish fabricated parts must be heat treated to achieve soft magnetic characteristics. Suggested heat treating atmosphere is a wet hydrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 1550/1600 F (843/871 C), two to four hours at temperature and cooled 100/200 F (55/111 C) per hour to 1000 F (538 C) and any rate thereafter. Other heat treating atmospheres can be employed, such as nitrogen-hydrogen combinations, vacuum, exothermication and inert atmosphere retort. Resulting magnetic characteristics will not be as good as the wet hydrogen atmosphere, which provides the best degree of decarburization. Other heat treatment temperatures in the range of 1350/1950 F (732/1038 C) can be employed to achieve certain advantages such as brazing and fine grain size as required by end application. A sacrifice in certain magnetic characteristics will be realized. A dry atmosphere must be employed at 1750 F (954 C) and above. Machinability Following are typical feeds and speeds for Silicon Core Iron "B". Workability Page: 2 of 4

14 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Additional Machinability Notes Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps. Applicable Specifications ASTM A867 Alloy 2 Forms Manufactured Other Information Bar - Many forms and conditions (Requests for cold drawn finish should be referred to Technical Department for acceptance.) Bar-Rounds Billet Strip Page: 3 of 4

15 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "B" Technical Articles A Designer's Manual On Specialty Alloys For Critical Automotive Components A Simplified Method of Selecting Soft Magnetic Alloys Soft Magnetic Alloys with Improved Corrosion Resistance Disclaimer: The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation Copyright 2015 CRS Holdings Inc. All rights reserved. Visit us on the web at Edition Date: 04/01/1989 Page: 4 of 4

16 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Type Analysis Single figures are nominal except where noted. Carbon 0.03 % Manganese 0.15 % Silicon 4.00 % Iron Balance General Information Description Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" is melted in electric arc furnaces to exacting chemical specifications, and carefully controlled in rolling and annealing practices to produce a fine-grained uniform quality magnetic core iron. This material possesses low residual magnetism in DC circuits and the effect of magnetic aging is negligible. Applications Silicon Core Iron "C" is suitable for applications requiring maximum electrical resistivity, maximum initial permeability and minimum hysteresis loss in AC and DC circuits. Typical applications for this alloy have included: Solenoid switches Relays Armatures Cores Pole pieces Physical Properties Properties Specific Gravity 7.60 Density lb/in³ Mean CTE 77 to 212 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 6.55 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 392 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 6.86 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 572 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 7.31 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 752 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 7.50 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 932 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 7.72 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 1112 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 7.89 x 10-6 in/in/ F 77 to 1292 F, Annealed 1385 F [750 C] 8.00 x 10-6 in/in/ F Electrical Resistivity (70 F) ohm-cir-mil/ft Curie Temperature 1450 F Page: 1 of 5

17 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Magnetic Properties Saturation Flux Density G Coercivity Oe Maximum Permeability Residual Induction 4000 G Treatment for Final Closed Pack Anneal 1550 F Page: 2 of 5

18 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Typical Mechanical Properties Heat Treatment To achieve uniform piece part magnetic characteristics, the finished machined parts should be given a heat treatment. Heat treating temperature should be 1385 F (750 C) or higher. As the temperature increases to 1950 F (1066 C), the maximum permeability increases and HC decreases for a given heat treatment condition (time and atmosphere). Time at temperature should be one to eight hours depending upon magnetic piece part performance desired. A nonoxidizing, noncarburizing atmosphere must be employed. Atmospheres such as nitrogen-hydrogen, vacuum, dry or wet hydrogen should be employed. A wet hydrogen atmosphere can be used up to 1750 F (955 C) to achieve very soft magnetic properties. Above 1750 F (955 C), a dry hydrogen atmosphere must be employed. Machinability Following are typical feeds and speeds for Silicon Core Iron "C". Workability Page: 3 of 5

19 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Additional Machinability Notes Figures used for all metal removal operations covered are average. On certain work, the nature of the part may require adjustment of speeds and feeds. Each job has to be developed for best production results with optimum tool life. Speeds or feeds should be increased or decreased in small steps. Applicable Specifications ASTM A867 Alloy 3 Forms Manufactured Other Information Bar-Rounds Billet Page: 4 of 5

20 Carpenter Silicon Core Iron "C" Technical Articles A Simplified Method of Selecting Soft Magnetic Alloys Soft Magnetic Alloys with Improved Corrosion Resistance Disclaimer: The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation Copyright 2015 CRS Holdings Inc. All rights reserved. Visit us on the web at Edition Date: 04/01/1989 Page: 5 of 5