ROLLER CONE BITS. Oil and Gas Products

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1 ROLLER CONE BITS Oil and Gas Products

2 Table of Contents About Varel International...3 Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology...4 Advanced Technologies...5 High Energy Series DuraTech Series Compass Series A-Force Series High Roller Series Varel Jumbo Bits Workover Bits Classic Roller Cone Bits...21 Bit Nomenclature...22 Shirttail Protection...23 Premium Options Roller Cone Reference Tables Bit Shipping Weights...28 API Casing Size

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5 About Varel International We will deliver ever-increasing value to our customers and other stakeholders by exceeding industry standards for performance, service and innovation. Founded in 1947, Varel International is the world s largest independent supplier in the global oil & gas drill bit market. Varel offers a comprehensive product line of roller cone and fixed cutter (PDC) drill bits that have evolved and improved through patented drill bit technologies and emerging drilling technologies. Varel aligns its engineering and manufacturing capabilities to provide customers with high-quality products that deliver reliability and optimum performance. High-quality manufacturing Product and process innovation Delivering integrity in all of our relationships Responsibility towards health, safety, and the environment Creating customers for life Scan our updated catalog for our latest products, features and premium options. Then contact the Varel sales office near you to discuss innovative and cost-effective solutions for your next drilling project. 3

6 Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology Varel Drill Bit Technology Varel roller cone bits are designed and manufactured to provide high levels of performance and reliability. The product lines are the result of years of industry experience and thousands of hours of field tests in the most demanding applications. Every detail of the design and manufacturing process results in a product built to meet or exceed the requirements of our customers. Using electronic logs and our proprietary GeoScience program, Varel evaluates characteristics of rock formations. This program enables Varel to determine rock compressive strength, abrasivity, shale reactivity. Additionally, Varel has developed proprietary algorithms for cutting structure and bearing designs to ensure each product design consistently performs in a variety of applications. Algorithms are used to design cutting structures to achieve desired rates of penetration, resist tracking and combat off-center operation. Bearings and seal systems are designed using models that assure adequate load capacity and seal wear life in high rotary speed and/or applications with high solids in the circulation system. Materials used in the construction of roller cone bits are sourced from leading suppliers who have the ability to produce consistently to high standards and meet firm delivery schedules. Varel operates using the philosophy of partnering with suppliers in order to build long-term relationships that provide quality materials and components which result in increased value to our customers. Our manufacturing processes are designed to be robust and repeatable. These processes are constantly monitored and continuously reviewed to provide the drilling industry with ever-increasing value. All Varel roller cone design and manufacturing facilities are managed through quality programs meeting the requirements of both ISO 9001:2008 and API Q1. These quality programs are designed with an emphasis on consistency, quality and continuous improvement in all aspects of our business. Varel products are tailored for specific applications by customizing from a rich set of optional features. These features, shown throughout this catalog, provide additional value as they are designed to give increased wear protection in demanding drilling applications. This results in longer bit life and reduced costs for our customers. All Varel products are delivered with superior service. No matter where you are in the world, Varel sales and technical service personnel are experts on local drilling conditions and problem avoidance, and can assist you with proper drill bit and operating parameters selection. From well proposals to onsite monitoring, Varel is available to help you plan and drill your well successfully. Varel maintains an industry leading bit record database that is utilized to monitor bit performance and to ensure appropriate bit selection in the well planning process. Varel Roller Cone Availability Product Name Size Range TCI High Energy 7 1/2-13 3/4" Compass 3 3/4-7 3/8" Steel Tooth A-Force 6 1/8-12 1/4" DuraTech 3 3/4-13 3/4" Steel Tooth, Open Bearing 2 7/8-44" High Roller 14 3/4-18 1/2" Jumbo 20" + Air ,

7 Advanced Technologies Advanced Technologies for Design Analysis Varel engineers utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate fluid flow around roller cone bits and evaluate design hydraulics prior to field tests. CFD analysis allows nozzle orientations to be optimized to eliminate fluid stagnation zones and to ensure both cone cleaning and hole cleaning are optimal. Evacuating the cuttings efficiently allows the bits to deliver the highest penetration rates possible. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to analyze new roller cone bit designs in the early stages of the process to ensure product reliability under a wide variety of operating conditions. The insert hole and bearing geometries are analyzed through FEA and designed to enable them to withstand the high loads encountered in severe drilling applications. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an insert hole GeoScience is Varel s proprietary well log, lithology, and rock property analysis software. Varel has developed proprietary algorithmic analytical capabilities to create a leading tool for drill bit applications analysis. Using customer-supplied mud logs, drilling logs, and electric log data, Varel builds a virtual model of the make up of the well sections to be drilled. Historic bit performance is evaluated using a specific energy method that allows for correlation across different bore diameters. The GeoScience technology and method leads to a far better understanding of the drilling challenge to be met and assists in identifying the type of drill bit for the application. GeoScience builds a virtual model of the geology of the well sections to be drilled. 5

8 High Energy Series Patented HET carbide inserts High capacity journal bearing High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease Patented conical seal gland Patented heat shield Improved shirttail hardfacing V-Jet hydraulics package Optional diamond enhancement features available Advanced compensation system Reliability 100% High Energy Series Previous Technology % Seal Effective 80% 60% 40% 21% Increase 20% 0% Our product development team started with a higher load capacity bearing geared toward higher weight and motor applications. Bearing reliability was also enhanced through closely controlled assembly tolerances.

9 Overview As a leading manufacturer and global supplier to the drilling industry, we are proud to advance the next generation in drill bit performance the Varel High Energy Series. This innovative series ushers in a line of roller cone bits capable of increasing drilling performance by effectively utilizing higher energy inputs in the form of increased rotary speed, increased weight on bit, or both. To create the High Energy Series, our engineers used an integrated systems approach. At every point in the development process, each element was refined and enhanced to add to the durability and drilling rate of these new bits. As a result, our High Energy Series bits are able to withstand applications where the combination of bit weight and rotary speed is at the high end of the spectrum, and by doing so deliver better performance and outcomes in critical applications. Proven technology meets enhanced features The High Energy product line consists of our 7½" to 13¾" sealed journal bearings with tungsten carbide cutting structures. The bits are built with time-proven O-ring seal technology, but with new features that greatly enhance the effective life of the seals. First, a patented conical seal gland design has been employed. This new geometry positions the seal in such a way that it can better handle pressure fluctuations and still maintain a preferred dynamic sealing location and interface. The new seal gland is further complemented by an industry exclusive* heat shield deployed between the seal and the inner bearing. This shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing. The result is a lower operating temperature for the seal that also extends seal life. *Patented An improved seal and bearing system The High Energy Series includes innovations that increase bearing life and seal protection. Engineers developed a bearing system designed to support higher loads on the bearing surface, which resulted in a more robust and more tightly toleranced journal bearing. In addition, a new anti-shale packing configuration is incorporated, improving cuttings diversion away from the mud side of the seal gland. Self-draining reservoir We have incorporated a larger dome-vented grease reservoir into the bearing system that is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer, higher load and higher RPM runs. This new reservoir provides a 13 percent increase in capacity over previous designs and is configured to be self-draining to avoid cuttings buildup adjacent to the reservoir. This feature improves the reliability of reservoir performance when a High Energy Series bit is rerun. Increased wear resistance To ensure greater durability, we have incorporated a new shirttail hard metal formulation that significantly increases wear resistance in this critical area of the bit. Upgraded shirttail enhancements, including leading edge shirttail inserts, stabilization inserts and diamond enhanced shirttail protection, also are available. High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performance This proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher. The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts. We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts. 7

10 DuraTech Series Enhanced Hardmetal A newly enhanced hardmetal material is welded to DuraTech bits for added durability and long life. Patented Conical Seal Gland he newly designed seal T gland is constructed to resist cuttings packing into the seal area. Patented Heat Shield The heat shield ring is deployed between the seal and inner bearing and acts as a thermal insulator to the seal from heat generated in the bearing. Improved Shirttail Hardfacing sing DuraClad Hardmetal U Technology, both the composition and application of hardmetal to the shirttail area of the bit are enhanced. B ack Row Inserts urable tungsten carbide D inserts assist in maintaining gage while drilling. I ncreased Wear Resistance Tungsten carbide inserts provide additional wear resistance and shirttail protection when needed. I mproved Bearing Grease DuraTech bits have incorporated a high temperature, high lubricity bearing grease that assists in the reduced generation of internal bearing heat, allowing bearings to last longer.

11 Overview Varel International, a leading manufacturer of drill bits and global supplier to the drilling industry, is proud to introduce the next generation of steel tooth bits the Varel DuraTech Series. This steel-tooth series of products, available from 3-3/4 to 13-3/4, delivers rapid rate of penetration (ROP) and new hardmetal protection that provides life-enhancing durability in the most demanding environments. DuraTech bits can withstand the added stress that operators place on bits when additional weight and greater RPMs are necessary. The series is designed to provide: Added durability in abrasive environments Increased ROP Directional responsiveness A solution for sticky shale drilling Designed for Durability Varel used a systematic approach when developing the DuraTech series, delivering a product that can reliably withstand high-energy inputs while maintaining expectations of high ROP and increased footage. DuraTech bits combine innovative manufacturing processes, quality materials and highly trained personnel, and have repeatedly been proven in field tests to provide reliable, lasting performance. Additionally, Varel s extensive technology platform delivers patented advancements in DuraTech s seal and bearing package. DuraClad Hardmetal Technology During development of DuraTech bits, welding specifications for hardmetal application were investigated, reviewed and adjusted to produce accurate, repeatable outcomes. The DuraClad Hardmetal Technology specifications now allow for a 20 percent increase in hardmetal application to the critical areas of the bit. This produces a bit with a more durable, long-lasting cutting structure. Skilled welders are provided with extensive application training and are regularly audited as part of Varel s commitment to quality. DuraTech bits have continually delivered reliable performance in drilling applications ranging from sticky shale to abrasive sands, proving that DuraTech roller cone bits are designed with durability that goes the distance. 9

12 Compass Series P atented H ighly responsive HET carbide inserts cutting structure design C ustom gage row designs available Patented conical E nhanced shirttail seal gland protection Patented heat shield High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease Improved hardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in directional applications. Performance Chart Compass series bits have proved highly effective across the spectrum of slimhole operations. Available in sizes ranging from 3-3/4 to 7-3/8, the smaller diameter tungsten carbide insert bits meet the extreme demands of slimhole applications n5 Ru n4 Co mp eti tor Ru tor eti mp Co Co mp eti tor Ru n1 Co mp eti tor Ru ss Ru pa tor om eti lc mp Co Va re n3 0 n2 1 0 Bit 20 Meters ROP In one slimhole application for a major operator in Western Canada, a 158.7mm Compass bit was challenged to increase meters drilled while maintaining an acceptable rate of penetration (ROP). This application requires the bit to pass through increasingly hard formations including the abrasive, sharp sands of the Cadomin/Nikanassin formations. Varel supplied the operator with the Compass CM44DMRS bit, which is equipped with a diamond enhanced back row, as well as leading edge shirttail inserts and stabilization inserts. The bit successfully drilled 180 meters, down to 1985 meters depth. This performance netted a 19.4 percent improvement in meters drilled when compared to the closest competitor offset. Using this same competitor offset, a 31 percent improvement in ROP was realized.

13 Overview Compass Series Slimhole Bits Reduced size casing programs, re-entries, multi-laterals, and coiled tubing drilling all require steerability, reliability and efficient rate of penetration. Engineered with application specific technology, the Compass Series Slimhole Bits provide excellent steerability and high rates of penetration even when weight on bit is limited. The bearing provides long, reliable performance in deep hole, long reach sections where increased RPMs in motor applications are commonly encountered. Cutting structures designed for high ROP and steering response. Series Features and Benefits Advanced cutting structure and gage Compass series bits are made with highly responsive cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed and unsurpassed steerability. The dense shirttail protection included in the gage of slimhole bits provides superior durability in directional applications. Custom gage row designs are available to optimize the bit for specific drilling applications. Semi-round top (SRT) inserts or flat topped diamond inserts are applied to harden the gage where required. Patented conical seal gland Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling. View of the internal bearing structure. The advanced bearing metallurgy included in this series provides for a stronger, more stable bearing surface. Patented heat shield Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing. High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications. High capacity reservoir The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs. High capacity grease reservoir improves lubrication within the bearing. Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting inserts Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant. Advanced bearing metallurgy Compass bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing hardmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability. Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal. 11

14 A-Force Series Advanced cutting H ET conical inserts structure Back row gage protection R eplaceable steel S hirttail protection jet nozzles with nail retention A dvanced compensation system H ardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in lateral sections and building angle Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal Diamond enhancement upgrades are available for both the shirttail and primary cutting structure. These upgrades can be especially beneficial in abrasive air, mist and foam applications. Cutaway view of the new high load bearing system All new head forgings maximize leg strength while increasing clearance area for cuttings removal

15 Overview A-Force In the quest for higher rates of penetration, operators are increasingly turning to underbalanced drilling that utilizes air, water mist and foam fluid systems. These complex systems require specialized bits to maximize efficiency and performance. Varel has been engineering roller cone bits for air and underbalanced drilling applications since Now Varel introduces the A-Force series of sealed journal bearing jet air bits to meet the needs of these applications and provide superior results. Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) Inserts Varel A-Force bits are designed with tough HET conical inserts with medium extension. The conical shape promotes high ROPs in underbalanced drilling. The engineered cutting structures of A-Force bits are both durable and efficient. Newly Engineered Bearing and Seal System Included on all A-Force series bits is an updated sealed journal bearing system designed with new technology that improves management of bearing heat and better accommodates high drilling loads. Advance cutting structure and gage A-Force series bits use cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed in underbalanced drilling applications. The dense shirttail protection included in the gage provides superior durability in directional applications. Patented High Energy Tumbled Inserts Patented conical seal gland Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling. Patented heat shield Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generate in the bearing. High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications. High capacity grease reservoir system improves grease distribution within the bearing High capacity reservoir The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs. Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting inserts Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant. Advanced bearing metallurgy A-Force bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing hardmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability. 13

16 High Roller Bit Using the solid foundation of the proven High Energy series, Varel has expanded its roller cone product line with the introduction of the High Roller drill bit series. The series features our 14 ¾ to 18 ½ sealed roller bearing bits and is available as both TCI and Steel Tooth designs. Innovations from the High Energy series such as the patented seal geometry, coupled with a new, larger lubricant reservoir, allow High Roller bits to support longer bit life and increasingly demanding applications. Bit designers also worked to tailor specific cutting structure designs to match operating requirements and parameters, including those for complex well placements such as in directional and rotary steerable drilling. a Patented HET Carbide Inserts e New Bearing Lubricant The cutting elements in TCI bits undergo Varel's patented HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant. A new high viscosity grease is used to reduce friction and increase reliability in higher temperature applications. Grease flow paths were increased to aid in free communication of lubricant. b c d Patented Conical Seal Gland A best practice from the High Energy series, the geometry of the seal gland assists in maintaining a preferred dynamic sealing interface. Highly Engineered Roller Bearing This anti-friction bearing package assists in reducing heat generation and bearing torque for higher RPM runs. New Forging Design Redesigned forgings accommodate larger reservoirs, hydraulics features and steel is reallocated to maximize strength. In addition, the forgings' overall length is minimized for enhanced steerability and hydraulic efficiency. f g Optimized Cutting Structure High Roller cutting structures are designed to maximize ROP and directional control. Steel tooth cutting structures have high offset, wide tooth spacing, and anti-tracking tooth deletions to maximize action on bottom and resist balling. TCI cutting structures are calculated to maximize ROP with available weight on bit. Inserts are designed with aggressive tooth extensions, durable shapes, and feature HET processing to provide reliable performance in vertical sections or on steerable systems. Enhanced Hardmetal Newly enhanced DuraClad Hardmetal Technology, a new hardfacing compound, is applied to provide additional durability to critical areas of the bit and to steel tooth cutting structures for long lasting performance. DuraClad Hardmetal Technology Through intense investigation of welding specifications for hardmetal application, processes were reviewed and adjusted to produce accurate, repeatable outcomes. The DuraClad Hardmetal Technology specifications now allow for a 20% increase in hardmetal application to the critical areas of the bit. This produces a bit with a more durable, long-lasting cutting structure. Skilled welders are provided with extensive application training and are regularly audited as part of Varel s commitment to quality.

17 Overview f b a c g f b c d e d e 15

18 Varel Jumbo Bits BIG ON PERFORMANCE RELIABLE JUMBO BITS FOR LARGE DIAMETER TOP HOLE SECTIONS Available in sizes ranging from 20" to 44" (508 mm mm), Varel is the industry leader in jumbo bits for oil and gas wells. Engineered for Excellence Our jumbo bit products are engineered to help you improve rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce your drilling costs. Each Varel jumbo bit is engineered with: Advanced cutting structures both TCI and steel tooth options available in popular sizes Reliable bearing packages engineered for dependable service in the most demanding applications Optional premium features designed to allow for customization to enhance bit performance in particularly challenging drilling conditions Product Availability You Can Rely On Due to increased global demand for jumbo-sized bits, Varel has invested heavily to expand our jumbo product by implementing lean manufacturing operations. This investment in technical personnel and equipment has improved manufacturing efficiencies resulting in optimum product availability and delivery for our customers.

19 Overview Varel Jumbo Sealed Bit Availability by IADC Code Varel Jumbo Non-sealed Bit Availability by IADC Code Bit Sizes Steel Tooth Bits Additional Features Tungsten Carbide Insert Bits IADC Code Inches mm Bit Sizes Steel Tooth Bits IADC Code Inches mm Advanced Cutting Structures: TCI Bits TCI cutting structures are designed to be durable while maintaining the highest efficiency in rock destruction. Steel Tooth Bits Each design has the row placement, tooth spacing and cutter geometry determined to provide high drilling efficiency, minimize tooth wear and prevent tracking in a wide variety of formations and conditions. Bearing Types Available: Sealed Roller Bearings for Motor Applications Our sealed bearings for jumbo bits feature ball and roller configurations engineered to withstand the combination of high rotary speed and weight on bit in today s demanding drilling operations. Open Roller Bearings Traditional roller and ball bearings utilizing thrust buttons for axial bearing loads give reliable performance under a variety of rotary speeds and loads. Varel Jumbo Bit Optional Features Feature Name Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones* Center Jet Nozzle Shirttail Hardfacing Stabilization Inserts Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Protection *Not available on Steel Tooth Bits Feature Code E J M R S Z 17

20 Workover Bits Varel International offers the industry's broadest selection of high quality drill bits for remedial, re-entry and frac plug drilling applications including: Our classic open bearing steel tooth bits, the renowned L2, L1 and LH1, proven in workover applications worldwide. The newly introduced DuraTech line of sealed bearing steel tooth bits. The Compass Series, high performance small diameter sealed bearing tungsten carbide insert bits. Our bits are produced under the highest quality standards to ensure they withstand your most demanding workover needs. Every Varel roller cone bit is designed with an emphasis on consistency, excellence and continuous improvement. Furthermore, all are manufactured in accordance with the ISO 9001:2008 and API Q1 quality management guidelines. (API License Number Varel Roller Cone Manufacturing)

21 Overview Industry Leading Roller Cone Rock Bits for Re-entry and Remedial Operations The multifaceted demands of workover operations demand top bit performance. Varel s roller cone workover bits are designed to deliver across the spectrum of workover applications including; drilling cement, drilling composites and plugs, paraffin clean out, scale clean out, thru tubing operations, coiled tubing operations and drill ahead re-entries. Process Controls Critical tooth hardfacing processes on steel tooth bits are continually monitored and updated to ensure the highest quality hardfacing deposit. Advanced Metallurgy Varel uses tightly specified premium materials and processing techniques in the manufacture of our oilfield workover bits insuring oilfield grade quality in our complete line. Heat Treatment Heat treatment is key to bearing reliability. Varel s heat treatment process selectively carburizes and hardens bearing faces and wear surfaces, while ensuring a tough core microstructure. This combination provides long, reliable bearing performance. Varel's classic line of open bearing steel tooth bits, including the L2, L1, and LH1 incorporate open throat hydraulics. These bits accommodate either regular through string flow or reverse circulation which is frequently used to control a re-entered well. Forged Steel Tooth Cutting Structure Varel was the pioneer in the development of forged cones for steel tooth rotary cone rock bits. This superior method provides stronger, more impact-resistant teeth when compared with milling because the metal grain structure from the forging process is preserved, resulting in higher load bearing, longer bit life and faster penetration. Skirting Bit skirting is an option for reverse circulation applications. Drill bit skirts are created through welding a triangular piece of mild steel between the legs of the bit toward the cones with the intention of directing fluid to the bottom of the hole to pick up cuttings before turning and exiting the center of the bit. Bits annotated with a K feature bit skirting. 19

22 Workover Bits L2 IADC Code 211 Compressive Strengths: All Regular Circulation: Gage Types: 4,000 to 10,000 (psi) 2-15/16" and larger A Tooth Formations: Wide range of medium formations such as altered limestones, shales, anhydrite and other formations with medium compressive strengths. Features: Moderately skewed cone design. Teeth hardfaced on one flank to resist abrasion. Vented A type gage gives high rates of penetration. L1 IADC Code 321 Compressive Strengths: All Regular Circulation: Gage Types: 8,000 18,000 (psi) 3-1/2" and larger A Tooth Formations: Specifically designed for fast penetration in formations that are hard, but not particularly abrasive. Features: Designed to conform to latest drilling techniques requiring heavier weights. Similar in design to the LH1, but does not have webbed heel row. LH1 IADC Code 331 Compressive Strengths: All Regular Circulation: Gage Types: 9,000 20,000 (psi) 2-7/8" and larger U Tooth Formations: Hard formations, such as pyrite, chert, dolomites, granite porphyry and other formations which have high compressive strengths and are abrasive. Features: Closely spaced, strong short teeth for maximum crushing and chipping.

23 Classic Roller Cone Bits The Classic line is a group of long-proven journal bearing and roller bearing products typically applied in lower demand applications. The Classic line includes the Challenger Series of sealed journal and roller bearing bits, ETR large diameter roller bearing bits as well as ETD smaller diameter journal bearing bits. The Classic series of bits provide low-priced dependable performance. ETD Bits ETD bits are available in sizes from 3-3/4" 6-3/4" in both steel tooth and TCI configurations. They feature silver-plated journal bearings with O-ring seals and high temperature lubricant suitable for motor applications. Compound hardmetal applied along the leading edge of the leg and edge of the shirttail provides superior seal protection. For high-energy and directional applications please refer to the Compass series of bits. ETR Bits The ETR series of larger diameter sealed roller bearing bits was the pre-cursor to our premium High Roller series and incorporates many of the High Roller features in both the bearings and cutting structures. The bearing package includes crowned roller bearings, an advanced bearing lubricant and oversized HSN O-ring seals for reliable operation. The ETR is available in sizes from 14-3/4" 28" in both tooth and TCI configurations. The High Roller series utilizes advanced components for higher-energy roller bearing applications. Challenger Series Bits Both journal bearing and sealed roller bearing bits are offered in the Challenger Series. The CH, or journal bearing bits, are offered in sizes from 3-3/4" 13-3/4" and feature silver-plated floating bearing elements with an O-ring bearing seal. The CR, or roller bearing bits, are offered in 14-3/4" /2" and feature crowned rollers with advanced bearing lubricant. Both styles have hardmetal applied to the leading edge of the leg and the shirttail perimeter. These bits are suitable for rotary and low-energy motor applications. For high-energy journal bearing applications please refer to the Compass and High Energy series. For high-energy roller bearing applications please refer to the High Roller series. 21

24 Bit Nomenclature Indicates Bit Series HE - High Energy DT - DuraTech CM - Compass AF - A-Force HR - High Roller HE24DMRSV Number System One digit: Steel tooth cutting structure Feature Name Feature Code TCI Bit Steel Tooth Bit Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones E Optional - Cone Back Row Insert Protection G Standard Optional Steel Center Air Jet Nozzle > 7 7/8" only H Optional - Center Jet Nozzle > 7 7/8" only J Optional Optional Shirttail Hardfacing M Standard Standard Stabilization Inserts R Optional Optional Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts S Optional Optional V-Jet Hydraulics V Standard on > IADC Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Z Optional Optional Softest-to-hardest (1-6) Two digits: TCI cutting structure Softest-to-hardest (00-99) Even numbers - Predominately chisel-shaped inserts Odd numbers - Predominately conical-shaped inserts Diamond Feature Enchanced Nomenclature TCI Bits Steel Tooth Bits 33% Back Row D 50% Back Row D1 66% Back Row D2 100% Back Row D3 33% Back Row + 100% Gage DD 50% Back Row + 100% Gage D1D 66% Back Row + 100% Gage D2D 100% Back Row + 100% Gage D3D Full Diamond Structure D3DD Diamond Leading Edge Shirttail Z

25 Shirttail Protection To enhance gage holding and seal protection, Varel roller cone bits provide value with a variety of shirttail protection packages for high-angle drilling, abrasive formations and steerable applications. These shirttail protection packages can be used to tailor bits to meet your drilling needs. Motor Hardfacing (M Feature) For demanding motor applications, a generous application of tungsten carbide hardfacing is applied to the shirttail lower edge and leading edge of the bit leg to provide enhanced seal protection. Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts (S Feature) Tungsten carbide inserts are placed along the leading edge of the shirttail providing additional wear resistance in motor applications commanding high RPM or where additional shirttail protection is needed. Stabilization Inserts (R Feature) Motor Hardfacing M Feature Leading Edge and Hardfacing S Feature Stabilization and Hardfacing R Feature Diamond Enhanced and Hardfacing Z Feature Stabilization inserts enhance standard shirttail patterns by providing bit stabilization and additional protection to the pressure compensator in high-angle applications or in deviation-prone formations. Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Inserts (Z Feature) In Varel s premium shirttail protection package PCD-capped inserts replace tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) in strategic locations to provide maximum shirttail protection in abrasive formations or directional applications. 23

26 Premium Options Diamond Enhanced Back Row (D Feature) One third of the carbide, back-row inserts are replaced with polycrystalline diamond (PCD)-capped inserts to increase gage holding in abrasive applications. Diamond Enhanced Gage and Back Row (DD Feature) One third of the back row and all gage inserts utilize PCD-capped inserts to maximize gage holding. Fully Diamond Enhanced Cutting Structure (D3DD Feature) All inserts are PCD-capped to extend bit life in the most extreme drilling conditions. The premium D3DD package features a fully PCD-clad cutting structure providing excellent wear resistance in the harshest environments. Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones (E Feature) All exposed portions of the TCI cones are coated with tungsten carbide to provide maximum resistance in applications where cone shell erosion limits bit life. Steel Center Air Jet Nozzle (H Feature) Air type bits offer an optional center air jet nozzle featuring three additional ports for enhanced cutting structure and enhanced hole cleaning. (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger.) Center Jet Nozzle (J Feature) A fourth interchangeable jet is installed in the center of the bit to reduce bit balling or provide extra flow capacity. (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger.) V-Jet Hydraulics The V-Jet aimed flow stream produces better cone cleaning, which improves bit penetration rates. In addition to new head forgings, the new designs maximize leg strength while minimizing overall bit length, helping to deliver more hydraulic horsepower to the hole bottom.

27 High Energy Tumbled (HET) High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performance This proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher. The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts. We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts. Impact Strength Testing Static Bending Strength 100% Non HET HET Non HET HET Drop Impact Survival Rate 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Drop Height Survival Rate HET 100% 100% 100% 40% Survival Rate Non HET 33% 0% 0% 0% Bending Strength in lbs 210% Increase Drop Height High Energy Tumbled (HET) Tungsten Carbide Patented process Proven to increase insert toughness Results in greater overall penetration rates Reduced drilling costs 25

28 Roller Cone Reference Tables Bit Connections, Total Flow Area Gage Diameter Tolerances The gage diameter of the cutting edge of the bits shall conform to the size designation within the following tolerances: Roller Cone Gage Diameter Tolerances Size of Bit Inches (in) in. in. mm 13 3/8 and smaller + 1/ /32 to 17 1/2 inclusive + 1/ /32 and larger + 3/ American Petroleum Institute Roller Cone Bit Connection Sizes Size of Bit in. Size and Style of Rotary Pin Connection 2 7/8 to 3 3/8 inclusive 4 Thread N Rod 3 1/2 to 4 1/2 inclusive 2 3/8 API REG 4 5/8 to 5 inclusive 2 7/8 API REG 5 1/8 to 7 3/8 inclusive 3 1/2 API REG 7 1/2 to 9 3/8 inclusive 4 1/2 API REG 9 1/2 to 14 3/8 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG 14 1/2 to 18 1/2 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG or 7 5/8 API REG 18 5/8 to 26 inclusive 7 5/8 API REG or 8 5/8 API REG 27 and larger 8 5/8 API REG Nozzle Total Flow Area (TFA) Table Nozzle Size Nozzle Flow Area (square inches) 1 Nozzle 2 Nozzles 3 Nozzles 4 Nozzles 7/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Note: Some bit types are available with alternate connection sizes by special order.

29 Makeup Torque Table Pin Size/Nozzle Table Roller Cone Reference Tables Recommended Roller Cone Makeup Torque API Pin Size Recommended Torque in. ft - lbs N - m 2 3/8 Reg. 3,000-3,500 4,100-4, /8 Reg. 4,500-5,500 6,100-7, /2 Reg. 7,000-9,000 9,500-12, /2 Reg. 12,000-16,000 16,000-22, /8 Reg. 28,000-32,000 38,000-43, /8 Reg. 34,000-40,000 46,000-54, /8 Reg. 40,000-60,000 54,000-81,000 Makeup torque is for pin size only, not bit diameter. Nozzle Size & Availability Bit Size Range Standard Nozzles Mini-Extended Nozzles Bearing Type in. mm Part No. Available Sizes Part No. Available Sizes 3 7/8-4 1/ SEALED thru 16, / SEALED thru 16, 18, /8-6 3/ SEALED thru 16, 18, /2-7 7/ thru 16, 18, 20, SEALED / , 24, 26, thru 16, 18, /4-9 7/8, 11, , SEALED 8 thru 16, 18, 20, 9 thru 16, 18, , , 24, 26, 28 20, /4-15 1/ ALL thru 20, 22, 24, 12 thru 16, 18, ALL , 28, 30, 32 20, 22, 24, 28 Center Jet Nozzle Size & Availability Bit Size Range Center Jet Nozzles Bearing Type in. mm Part No. Available Sizes 7 7/8-9 7/ ALL thru / ALL thru 16, 18, 20 27

30 Bit Shipping Weights Roller Cone Reference Tables Roller Cone Bit Shipping Weights TCI Steel Tooth Bit Diameter Approximate Weight Approximate Weight in. mm Regular Jet Regular Jet lbs. kg lbs. kg lbs. kg lbs. kg 2 7/8-2 15/ / /8-3 1/ / /2-3 3/ / /8-4 1/ / / / / / / / /8-5 1/ / / /8-5 7/ / / / / /2-6 5/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

31 API Casing Dimensions and Bit Diameters Dimensions Bit Size Size OD in. Weight Per Foot Nominal lbs. Wall Thickness in. Nominal Inside Diameter in. Casing Coupling OD in. API Drift Diameter in. Recommended Bit Size Diameter / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / in. mm 29

32 World Headquarters Dallas, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Pau, France Tel: Fax: Eastern Hemisphere Varel Offices Locations AFRICA Hassi-Messaoud, Algeria Tel: Fax: Western Hemisphere Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: Fax: Dubai, UAE Tel: Fax: Bangkok, Thailand Tel: Fax: Cairo, Egypt Tel: Fax: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tel: Fax: Ahmadi, Kuwait Tel: Fax: Tripoli, Libya Tel: Fax: EUROPE Pau, France Tel: Fax: Muscat, Oman Tel: Cape Town, South Africa Tel: Fax: Medemblik, The Netherlands Tel: Fax: ASIA/PACIFIC Booragoon, WA Australia Tel: Tel: Fax: Aberdeen, United Kingdom Tel: Fax: Port-Gentil, Gabon Tel: Tel: Lagos, Nigeria Tel: Fax: Darussalam, Brunei Tel: Fax: Balikpapan, Indonesia Tel: Fax: Jakarta, Indonesia Tel: Fax: Stavanger, Norway Tel: Fax: C.I.S. Moscow, Russia Tel: Fax: MIDDLE EAST Abu Dhabi, UAE Tel: Fax: VAREL INTERNATIONAL ENERGY SERVICES, INC. Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: Fax: Doha, Qatar Tel: Fax: Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia Tel: Fax: WESTERN UNITED STATES Forth Worth, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: Odessa, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: GULF COAST & SOUTH TEXAS Houston, Texas USA Tel: Tel: Fax: MID-CONTINENT Oklahoma City, Oklahoma USA Tel: Tel: Fax: ROCKIES Centennial, Cola. USA Tel: Fax: CANADA Calgary, Alberta Canada Tel: Tel: Fax:

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