Commonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 715 Department of Transportation October Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION. Method of Test for
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1 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 715 Department of Transportation 5 Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION Method of Test for DETERMINATION OF BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method of test is intended for determining the bulk specific gravity of laboratory compacted bituminous mixtures or bituminous roadway samples, such as cores, small sawed slabs, density ring samples, etc. This method shall not be used if the samples contain open or interconnecting voids and/or absorb more than 3.0 percent water. For such samples, PTM No. 716 shall be used. 2. TEST SPECIMEN 2.1 Compacted specimens in accordance with PENNDOT Methods or obtained in accordance with PENNDOT methods of sampling a compacted roadway. 2.2 Size of specimens- It is recommended, (1) that the diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the length of the sides of the sawed specimens, be at least equal to four times the nominal maximum size of the aggregate; and (2) that the thickness of the specimens be at least 1.5 times the nominal maximum size of the aggregate. 2.3 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials such as seal coat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil. 2.4 If desired, specimens may be separated from the other pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means. Care shall be exercised to ensure sawing does not damage the specimens.
2 Page 2 METHOD A (VOLUMETER) 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Weighing Device-A weighing device conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M-231, Class G2 3.2 Water Bath- Thermostatically controlled so as to maintain the bath temperature at 25 ± 0.5ºC (77 ± 0.9ºF) 3.3 Thermometer- ASTM 17C (17F), having a range of 19 to 27ºC (66 to 80ºF), graduated in 0.1ºC (0.2ºF) subdivisions 3.4 Volumeter 1 - Calibrated, 1.2 L or an appropriate capacity depending upon the size of the test sample 4. PROCEDURE 4.1 Immerse the specimen in the water bath and let saturate for at least 10 minutes. At the end of the 10 minute period, fill a calibrated volumeter with distilled water at 25 ± 1ºC (77 ± 1.8ºF). Place the saturated specimen into the volumeter. Bring the temperature of the water in the volumeter to 25 ± 1ºC (77 ± 1.8ºF), and cover the volumeter making certain that some water escapes through the capillary bore of the tapered lid. Wipe the volumeter dry with a dry absorbent cloth and weigh the volumeter and contents to the nearest 0.1 of a gram. 4.2 Remove the immersed and saturated specimen from the volumeter, quickly damp dry the saturated specimen with a damp towel, and as quickly as possible weigh the specimen. Any water that seeps from the specimen during the weighing operation is considered as a part of the saturated specimen. Dry the specimen to constant mass (NOTE 1). Weigh the dried specimen to the nearest 0.1 of a gram. NOTE 1- Constant mass shall be defined as the mass at which further drying at 52 ± 3ºC (125 ± 5ºF) does not alter the mass by more than 0.05 percent. Samples saturated with water shall initially be dried overnight at 52 ± 3ºC (125 ± 5ºF), flipped top to bottom, then dried until a Minimum Standard Drying Time of 20 hours has elapsed. This Minimum Standard Drying Time shall be reestablished using the procedure in NOTE 1A if there are substantial changes in ovens, paving materials, or mix design methods from 2002 conditions. Laboratory compacted specimens and density ring samples need not be dried. 1 Aluminum Volumeters of different sizes available from Pine Instrument Co., 101 Industrial Drive, Grove City, PA and Rainhart Co., 604 Williams St., Austin, TX, have been found suitable.
3 Page 3 NOTE 1A- PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING A MINIMUM STANDARD DRYING TIME: Assemble a random sample of cores representing the compacted asphalt mixtures typically tested. Saturate the cores with water, and place the saturated cores in the 52 ± 3ºC (125 ± 5ºF) oven overnight. At the start of the following workday flip the cores top to bottom. Continue to dry and weigh the cores at two-hour intervals until constant mass is attained. Document and use the time it took for all cores to reach constant weight as the Minimum Standard Drying Time. NOTE 2- If desired, the sequence of testing operations can be changed to expedite the test results. For example, first the dry mass of the specimen can be determined. Then the volumeter containing the saturated specimen and water can be weighed. The mass of the saturated specimen can be obtained last. 5. CALCULATIONS 5.1 Calculate the bulk specific gravity (dry basis) of the samples as follows (report the value to three decimal places): GSm = Where: GSm WSm VVo WT WSa WVo WSm (0.997 g/ml) x [VVo (1.003 ml/g) x (WT WSa WVo)] = bulk specific gravity of the specimen at 25.0ºC (77ºF) = mass in grams of the dry specimen = volume in ml of the volumeter at 25.0ºC (77ºF) to the nearest tenth of a milliliter = total mass in grams of the volumeter, saturated specimen, and water in the volumeter at 25.0ºC (77ºF) = mass in grams of the saturated specimen = mass in grams of the volumeter
4 Page Calculate the percent water absorbed by the specimen as follows (report the value to one decimal place): Percent Water Absorbed = WSa WSm (0.997 g/ml) x [VVo (1.003 ml/g) x (WT WSa WVo)] x 100 If the percent water absorbed is more than 3.0 percent, use PTM No AASHTO T-166, Method A, except as follows: METHOD B (SUSPENSION IN WATER) NOTE 1- replace with the following: Constant mass shall be defined as the mass at which further drying at 52 ± 3ºC (125 ± 5ºF) does not alter the mass by more than 0.05 percent. Samples saturated with water shall initially be dried overnight at 52 ± 3ºC (125 ± 5ºF), flipped top to bottom, then dried until a Minimum Standard Drying Time of 20 hours has elapsed. This Minimum Standard Drying Time shall be reestablished using the procedure in NOTE 1A if there are substantial changes in ovens, paving materials, or mix design methods from 2002 conditions. Laboratory compacted specimens and density ring samples need not be dried. Add: NOTE 4 Referee Method- In case of discrepancies between the test results obtained by Method A and Method B, the referee test shall be Method A. AASHTO T-166, Method C METHOD C (RAPID TEST)
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