Effect of alkaline-resistant glass fibre on compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete
|
|
- Jody Griffith
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Effect of alkaline-resistant glass fibre on compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete Hanizam Awang*, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia N M Noordin, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 27th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: August 2002, Singapore Article Online Id: The online version of this article can be found at: This article is brought to you with the support of Singapore Concrete Institute All Rights reserved for CI Premier PTE LTD You are not Allowed to re distribute or re sale the article in any format without written approval of CI Premier PTE LTD Visit Our Website for more information
2 27 th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: August 2002, Singapore Effect of alkaline-resistant glass fibre on compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete Hanizam Awang*, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia N M Noordin, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Abstract This paper presents the finding of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of glass fibre on compressive strength of foamed concrete which can be used as decorative architectural component for non-load bearing structure. Chopped Strand Alkali-Resistant glass was used in the study with size of 24mm. A cement-to-sand ratio of 1 : 1 was used as a typical design mix with two targeted dry densities of 900 kg/m 3 and 1000 kg/m 3 were used in the study. Specimens consisting of 126 glass fibre reinforcement concrete cubes (100mm x 100mm x 100mm) were made and subjected to compressive tests at age of 7 and 28 days. Foamed concrete containing fiber glass with compressive strength between 1.3 N/mm2 to 3.1 N/mm2 was produced. The results indicated that there is a significant correlation between strength of concrete and percentage of fibre used. From the different percentage of glass fibre added into foamed concrete, we were able to identify the strength for lightweight foamed concrete made with a 0.45 water-to-cement ratio. The experimental 'findings indicate that the increase of 'fibre content can produce stronger foamed concrete. The results of this study suggest that with further refinements in the mixture designs, there are possibilities of producing foamed concrete using glass fibre. Keywords: Foamed, concrete, Alkali- Resistance glass fibre, compressive strength 1. Introduction. Lightweight foamed (or cellular) concrete is normally made from mixing stable foam to slurry of mortar. This action incorporates small-enclosed air bubbles within the mortar thereby making it lighter and possessing special properties such as low thermal conductivity and high fire resistance. Foamed concrete may have densities ranging from as low as 500kg/m 3 to as high as 1600kg/m 3. It therefore has a wide range of applications such as material for wall blocks or panels, floor & roof screeds, trench reinstatement, road foundations and also void filling. Several important materials are normally used in the production of Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC) namely cement, sand, water and stable foam. The type of sand used to make foamed concrete is fine (river) sand which is less than 2mm in size. Ordinary Portland cement is used as a binder material in the production of foamed concrete. 225
3 Stable foam that is used in the production of foamed concrete is made by expanding a suitable amount foaming agent (in this case Fine Foam 707) by way of a foaming generator ( Portafoam) developed at the School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The dilution ratio for such a foam agent is 1 :19 and expansion from the foam generator is 25. The pre-formed foam is one of the most important ingredients in the making of foamed concrete and acts as "light" aggregates in the concrete. The reduction in dry density of the mortar generally results in lower compressive strength compared to the normal sand-cement mortar and this may range from as low as 0.5 N/mm2 to 12 N/mm2 measured at 28 days for the density range mentioned above. As can be seen above the compressive strength of normal foamed concrete is quite low and it would be advantageous if this can be improved. One possibility is by way of addition of fibers in the mix. It is known from previous studies that the inclusion of fibers in a cement mortar can result in increased compressive strength [1]. Raju et af2] also found that the cube compressive strength of concrete increased linearly with the addition of fibers. Similarly applied to foamed concrete it is hoped that the glass fiber would contribute to the load carrying capacity of the material by shear deformation at the fiber - matrix interface thereby contributing to increased strength. The type of fiber chosen is alkali-resistant glass fiber because of its suitability, availability and high tensile strength [3]. AR glass fibre in the form of chopped strands was added as one of the ingredients in making foamed concrete in order to improve its compressive strength. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the effect of various proportions of alkali resistant glass fibre on the cube compressive strength of foamed concrete of different density. 2. Experimental details. The study would examine the effectiveness of glass fibre in the improvement of LFC. ASTM Type 1 Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used for the experiment. The fine aggregate used was natural sand, that was obtained from a local riverbed. A sieve analysis was carried out to see the suitability of the sand to be used and the percentage passing 5 mm sieve size. The sand falls in zone 3 in accordance with British Standard BS 882: Part 2: Norizal [4] have mentioned that the appropriate size of fine aggregate used should be between 0 to 2 mm. In addition, 20% of the total quantity of sand used should preferably be of size less than 0.5 mm. Before the test materials were mixed, the sand was in a saturated surface-dry condition. However a moisture test made on the sand sample showed total water content to be 1.1 'Yo. Figure 1 shows the particles sizes distribution of the river sand used in this study. The dry mix (cement and sand) was blended with water which had been fixed using a water-tocement ratio of Alkali-Resistant glass fibre was added in stages to this mix using three different percentage (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) and mixing was continued for 5 minutes. The alkali resistant glass which was imported from China was in the form of chopped strand 24 mm in length. The alkali resistance of the glass fiber has been confirmed and approved by the Pre-stressed Concrete Institute (PU) and International GRC Institution The wet mortar containing glass fibre was then tested for viscosity using a flow table similar to the ASTM C test for mortar. The flow diameter using this test was 20 cm after 3 turns of the handle. Stable foam which had a weight of 40 g/liter was then added to the mix and the mixing process continued thoroughly until a homogenous and smooth texture of foamed mortar was achieved. The foam produced was from using a foam agent (Fine Foam) which diluted with 19 parts of water and expanded using a portable foam generator (known as "Portafoam"). This foam generator uses compressed air to generate foam and was coupled to the holding tank containing the foam chemicals mentioned earlier. A specially designed lance unit connected to the foam generator also ensured smooth stable foam for producing the foamed concrete. The same mixing procedure continued with the other mixes containing different percentages of glass fibre. The design mixes are shown in Table
4 Figure 1 : Particles Size Distribution of Sand ~ CI r::: 80 'iii III as ~ 60 C) CI as-r::: C)!oJ... C) ~ < Sieve size (mm) --+- % Passing test ---Sand zone BS Sand zone BS 882 Table 1: Mix Proportioning of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Glass Fibre. Fibre glass content 0.2 % 0.4 % 0.6 % Target (kg/m~ dry density A Cement (kg) B Sand (kg) C Water (kg) w/c= Glass fibre (g) E Weight of wet mortar (kg) F Mortar density (kg/mj G Volume of mortar mix (pre foamed) (m H Volume of foam) (m1 mix (after I Volume of foam (m) J Density of wet foamed concrete (kg/m
5 Several specimens were cast from a typical mixture and they consisted mainly of the following: Cubes of 100 mm x 1 OOmm x 1 OOmm for compression test Cylinders of 334mm x 150mm x 150mm for tensile tests. Prisms of 1 OOmm x 500mm x 1 OOmm for flexural strength tests. The foamed concrete specimens were de-moulded after one day and stored in a water tank at 20 C until its testing date at the age of 7 and 28 days. Three cubes were tested for the first group which consisted of specimens with a target dry density of 900 kg/m 3 and another three from the group with a target dry density of 1000kg/m 3 to determine the average strength of the specimens. All tests were performed according to the relevant standards (BS 6073 : Part 2 : 1981). The compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the concrete were determined both at 7 and 28 days, whereas the water absorption test was performed at 28 days. The results presented in this paper are the average compressive strength from three tests. 3. Test Results and Discussion. The result of 7 and 28 days compressive tests are given in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2: The result of compressive strength with different percentage of fibre at 900kg/m 3 targeted dry density. Percentage of fibre (%) Cube compressive strength (N/mm2) days Cylinder tensile strength (N/mm2) days Prism flexural strength ( N/mm2) days Water absorption (%) days Actual dry density (kg/m3) days Table 3: The result of compressive strength with different percentage of fibre at 1000kg/m 3 targeted dry density Percentage of fibre (%) Cube compressive strength (N/mm2) days Cylinder tensile strength (N/mm2) days Prism flexural strength ( N/mm2) days Water absorption (%) days Actual dry density (kg/m 3 ) days
6 The slump / workability (measured according to ASTM C test) varied between 18cm to 20 cm for the various mixes mentioned above. The foamed concrete derived from the above mixes generally showed very good workabili~. The actual dry density obtained from a target value of 900kg/m 3 varied from 912 kg/m 3 to 924 kg/m whereas for a target value of 1000kg/m 3 the density varied from 1015 kg/m 3 to 1070 kg/m 3. Figure 2 : Relationship between 28 days compessive strength and percentage of fibre used. N 3.5 E E z :; 2.5 -m ii... 2 iii CD 1.5 > ~ 1 CD... E0.5 o Fibre (%) -+- Compressive strength at 900kg/m3 density -It-Compressive strength at 1000kg/m3 density It is known that compressive strength of foamed concrete is mainly dependent on cement content and fine aggregate grading. In additon, it is shown in this study that fiber content in foamed concrete too can have an effect on its compressive strength. Figure 2 shows results of tests for compressive strength of glass fibre reinforced foamed concrete. An increase in compressive strength of foamed concrete was seen as a result of an increase in fibre content. Past research using similar type of foaming agent, sand and mix ratio has shown that their compressive strength was in the region of 1.5 N/mm2 for a density of about 926 to kg/m 3. The above study however show that the average compressive strength of foamed concrete with glass fibre is was 1.9 N/mm2 for a closely similar (and lower) density (924 kg/m 3 ). A similar finding was also noted in a higher density of 1030 kg/m 3 having a strength of 2.25 N/mm2 (with 0.2% fiber) compared to 1.7 N/mm2 for a slightly higher density of 1048 kg/m 3 (without fiber). An increase of strength is definitely noticed with the increase of glass fibre used. It is found that, the suitable percentage of fibre to be used are in the range of 0.2 % and 0.4 % since higher percentages of fiber do not result in appreciable strength increase. In additon, the water absorption also increases with the increase in the amount of fibre used. The more fibre glass used, the more the concrete tend to absorb water. Therefore it is desirable to control the amount of fiber used in the foamed concrete mix in order to limit water absorbtion. It has always been thought that the main use of Alkali Resistance glass fibre in concrete was to provide tensile or flexural strength rather than compressive strength. This study has shown however that glass fibers have also been able to increase the compressive strength of foamed concrete. 229
7 Another factor to consider is that the method and time of mixing should be controlled in order to prevent from over mixing. Over mixing can cause the bubbles to be destroyed and result in the increase in density of the lightweight foamed concrete. Over mixing can also cause the glass fibre used to disperse into smaller filaments thereby increasing the water absorption of the concrete. One way to overcome this problem is to provide suitable protective rendering when exposing this type of foamed concrete to weather. Glass fibre reinforced foamed concrete has great potential with respect to its use as non-load bearing decorative / architectural components in building. This means that a better surface texture may be needed. This can be achieved through the use of finer aggregates in order to obtain a smoother surface finish and also better compressive strength [ 5]. In additon to strength, decorative components may also need crack resistance, tougher and more resistance to impact [6]. Since research has shown that fiber reinforced cement can attain these improved properties [7], it is highly probable that foamed concrete mixes which are high in cement content may behave similarly. Even though the used of glass fibre will increase the compressive strength of LFC, the inclusion of the material is only recommended if it is locally available. This is because the added material will result in increasing the cost of the final product. However if desirable properties such as toughness and impact resistance are required, then the addition of glass fibres to foamed concrete would be advantageous and have to be considered. One of the ways to increase compressive strength of LFC is by using glass fibre reinforcement. Increasing the content of glass fibre will increase the compressive strength of the foamed concrete. The incorporation of glass fibre in foamed concrete has in no way affected other working properties of LFC such as being easily placed, no compaction required, no vibrating or leveling during casting works. Further research is planned at the School of Housing, Building & Planning to study other properties of LFC such as thermal conductivity, fire resistance and shrinkage. Glass fibre foamed concrete is envisaged as a potential material that may be used in housing and building decorative components of the future. References [1] R.N. Swamy and P.S. Mangat, Cem Concr. Res. 4(3), 451 (1974) [2] N.K. Raju, B.S. Basavarajaiah and K.J. Rao, Indian Can cr. f. 51(6), 183 (1977) [3] V.S, Ramachandran, R.F. Feldman, 1.1. Beaudon, Concrete Science (treatise on current research) Heydon & Son Ltd [4] Norizal Md. Noordin, "DeveLopment ofa Lightweight Concrete Wall panel System for the Housing Industry " Thesis for Phd in Building Technology, School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia (2000) [5] Norizal Md. Noordin [6 ]1. Cook, J.E. Gordon, Proc. R. Soc. London.Ser. A, 282,508(1964) [7 ]A.Kelly, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 319,95(1970). 230
EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS
EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS G. L. Oyekan*, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 32nd Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 28-29 August 2007, Singapore
More informationExperimental Investigation on Natural Fiber Concrete with Palm Oil Tree Fiber
Experimental Investigation on Natural Fiber Concrete with Palm Oil Tree Fiber Mr.N.Gangadharan (1), Mr.Bikki Venkata sai Narasimha, (2), Mr.K.Kamaraj (3), Mr.K.Yogarajan (4) (1) Assistant professor, Adhiparasakthi
More informationFEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE AND CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE (FOAMED CONCRETE)
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE AND CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE (FOAMED CONCRETE) MR. PAVAN RANMALE Department of Civil Engineering, Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami
More informationInternational Journal of Engineering and Robot Technology
Research Article ISSN: 2395 5597 International Journal of Engineering and Robot Technology Journal home page: www.ijerobot.com INVESTIGATION INTO THE STRUCTURALPROPERTIES OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE FIBER IN
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE S.Hemalatha 1, Dr.A.Leema Rose 2 M.E Student & Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College,Tamilnadu, India Professor &
More informationStudy and Analysis of High Performance Concrete and Estimation of Concrete Strength
Study and Analysis of High Performance Concrete and Estimation of Concrete Strength 1 Swapnil Bhoir, 2 Nilam Adsul, 3 Shrikant Charhate 1,2,3 Dept. of Civil Engineering Abstract --The present day world
More informationThin-Walled Steel Enclosed Lightweight Foamcrete: A Novel Approach to Fabricate Sandwich Composite
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 1727-1733, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Thin-Walled Steel Enclosed Lightweight Foamcrete: A Novel Approach to Fabricate Sandwich Composite Md Azree Othuman
More informationULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE AND HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CONCRETE
ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE AND HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CONCRETE Mehdi Sadeghi e Habashi, Seraj Higher Education Institue, Iran 36th Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 14-16 August 2011, Singapore
More informationAn Investigation On Strength Properties Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete
An Investigation On Strength Properties Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Liaqat A. Qureshi University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan Adeel Ahmed University of Engineering & Technology,
More informationEvaluation of Performance of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) for M25 Grade
Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347-5161 2014 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Evaluation
More informationAn Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Fly Ash
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 4, Issue 5 (Nov-Dec. 2012), PP 01-05 An Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Fly Ash Khadake S.N. 1,
More informationMalaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 28(2): (2016)
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 28(2):300-314 (2016) PROPERTIES OF MORTAR REINFORCED WITH NATURAL HORSE HAIR AND KENAF FIBRES Abdul Rahman Mohd.Sam 1 *, Jamilu Usman 2, Saberali Akbar 1 & Idris
More informationSTRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF FOAMED CONCRETE. Abdul Muthalib Bin Abd Rahman Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik Kuching Sarawak Kuching, Sarawak
STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF FOAMED CONCRETE Abdul Muthalib Bin Abd Rahman Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik Kuching Sarawak 93050 Kuching, Sarawak Abstract Foamed concrete is classified as a lightweight
More informationExperimental Study on Glass Fibre Reinforced Steel Slag Concrete with Fly Ash
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Experimental Study on Glass Fibre Reinforced Steel Slag Concrete with Fly Ash Aiswarya.V, Navaneetha.B (Student) M.E Structural
More informationCompressive Strength Behavior of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Compressive Strength Behavior Fibre Reinforced Mr.Yogesh S.Lanjewar 1, Mr.S.V.Rayadu 2 1 Assistant Professor, CED KITS Ramtek, yogeshlanjewar@gmail.com,mob:-9975722733 2 Assistant Professor, CED KITS Ramtek,rayadushrinivas@gmail.com
More informationExperimental Study on Partial Replacement of cement by Fly Ash with Glass Fiber Reinforcement
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of cement by Fly Ash with Glass Fiber Reinforcement Shwetha P C 1, Praveena K 2, Ajith B.T. Chandrashekhar A 4. 1 P G Student, Dept. Of Civil Engineering, K.V.G,
More informationA Case Study on Strength Properties of Partially Replaced Recycled Aggregate and Steel Fibers to a Nominal Concrete
ISSN 2278 0211 (Online) A Case Study on Strength Properties of Partially Replaced Recycled Aggregate and Steel Fibers to a Nominal Concrete A. R. Pradeep Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationCHAPTER 6 POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES
113 CHAPTER 6 POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES 6.1 GENERAL This chapter describes the effect of addition of polypropylene fibres on the strength characteristics of geopolymer
More informationExperimental Study on Normal to High Strength of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Experimental Study on Normal to High Strength of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete Kalyana Chakravarthy P.R Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Vels Institute of Science,Technology and Advance
More informationStudy of High Performance Concrete with Silica Fume and Glass Fibre
Study of High Performance Concrete with Silica Fume and Glass Fibre S. Durai 1, S.C. Boobalan 2, P. Muthupriya 3 and R.Venkatasubramani 4 The Asian Review of Civil Engineering ISSN 2249-6203 Vol. 2 No.
More informationSTRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE Hawraa A.Al-Shibani Email: hawraa09537@cceoman.net Abstract. In this project, an experimental investigation is carried out on
More informationMechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete T. Sai Kiran 1, Dr. K. Srinivasa Rao 2 1 PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India 2
More informationExperimental Study of Light Weight Concrete Using PP Fiber
Experimental Study of Light Weight Concrete Using PP Fiber Singh Manindra Kumar 1, Chandraul Kirti 2, Saxena Anil Kumar 3, Arora T. R. 4 1 M.Tech. Student, 2 M.Tech. Student, 3 Associate Professor, 4 Head
More informationStudy On Properties Of High Strength Silica Fume Concrete Withpolypropylene Fibre
Study On Properties Of High Strength Silica Fume Concrete Withpolypropylene Fibre R.Karthi 1, Dr. P. Chandrasekaran 2 M.E., Ph.D., PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College,
More informationPuducherry , India. Puducherry , India.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 8, Issue 6, June-2017 50 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON CONCRETE WITH e-plastic WASTE A.Muthadhi *, A. Mohamed Basid +, R. Madivarma +,
More informationFresh Properties and Mechanical Properties of Steel Fibre Self- Compacting Concrete (SFSCC) Juli Asni Lamide 1, a*, Roslli Noor Mohamed 1,b
Proceedings of the APSEC & ACEC 215 Fresh Properties and Mechanical Properties of Steel Fibre Self- Compacting Concrete () Juli Asni Lamide 1, a*, Roslli Noor Mohamed 1,b 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering,
More informationPreliminary Study of Low Densities Lightweight Foamed Concrete Brick for Non-Load-Bearing Wall System
Journal(of(Materials(and(( Environmental(Sciences( ISSN(:(2028;2508( CODEN(:(JMESCN( Copyright( (2018,((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( University(of(Mohammed(Premier(((((( (Oujda(Morocco( J. Mater. Environ.
More informationABSTRACT Keywords: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Previous work on polypropylene and alkali resistance glass fibers reinforced composites
INVESTIGATION OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE (HFRC) MADE WITH POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE (PPF) AND ALKALI RESISTANCE GLASS FIBRE (ARGF) Amaziah Walter Otunyo 1 and Odebiyi Jacob
More informationPROPERTIES OF LATEX FERROCEMENT IN FLEXURE
PROPERTIES OF LATEX FERROCEMENT IN FLEXURE Fahrizal Zulkarnain 1, Mohd. Zailan Suleiman 2 1 PhD Candidate, School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia 2 Lecturer, School of Housing,
More informationEFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CEMENT MORTAR
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 855-861, Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_100 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=4
More informationFUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH CEMENT DISPERSING AGENT FOR RETEMPERING
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH CEMENT DISPERSING AGENT FOR RETEMPERING K. Tokuhashi, Tsuruga Cement Co. Ltd., Japan M. Shoya, Hachinohe Institute of Technology, Japan M. Aba*, Hachinohe Institute
More informationCHAPTER 4 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES
59 CHAPTER 4 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITES 4.1 GENERAL From the detailed experimental investigations on fly ash based Geopolymer concrete (GPC) given in chapter 3 the following two limitations have been
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SABBATH (CUDDAPAH STONE) STONE
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SABBATH (CUDDAPAH STONE) STONE POTU KARTHEEK YADAV* 1, B. BALAKRISHNA BHARATH* 2 * 1 ( PG Student, Department Of Structural Engineering,
More informationALMAZENI. Civil Engineering Department, University of Basrah /Iraq / Basrah
PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CELLULAR CONCRETE WITH POLYPROPYLENE FIBER 1 AQEEL HATEM CHKHEIWER, 2 MAZEN DEWANABBDULLAH, 3 MAZINABDULIMAM ALMAZENI Civil Engineering Department, University of Basrah
More informationV. Naga Kalyani 1 1 PG Student, K. Hari Krishna 2 2. A. Naga Sai 3 3.
http:// A Comparitative Study of Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength on Effect of Size of Coarse Aggregate in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Different Grades V. Naga Kalyani 1 1 PG Student,
More informationD. Maharaj & A. Mwasha University of the West Indies, Trinidad. Abstract
Materials Characterisation VII 159 A comparative analysis of compressive and tensile strengths of concrete made with natural aggregates and electric arc furnace steel slag produced in Trinidad D. Maharaj
More informationInternational Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. I Issue XI May e-issn:
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. I Issue XI May 215 Experimental Study on the Behaviour Of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete A.Reynold thomas * S.Raguraman
More informationEFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING NYLON FIBERS
EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING NYLON FIBERS Nitin 1, Dr. S.K. Verma 2 1 PG student, Dept. of Civil Engineering (Structures), PEC University of technology, Chandigarh, India. 2 Associate
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HOLLOW CORE SLAB USING DIFFERENT FIBRE
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1199 1206, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_116 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=11
More informationUSE OF WASTE COCONUT SHELLS AS SUBSTITUTE FOR COARSE AGGREGATE IN LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE MIXES
USE OF WASTE COCONUT SHELLS AS SUBSTITUTE FOR COARSE AGGREGATE IN LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE MIXES M.B.M. De Costa 1, D.D.T. Dasanayaka 2, M.N. Tantirimudalige 3, K.M.L.A. Udamulla 4 and T.C. Ekneligoda 5 1,2,3,4,5
More informationLight Weight Precast Concrete Panel by Using Polystyrene
Light Weight Precast Concrete Panel by Using Polystyrene Kothari Akash 1, Chaudhari Balasaheb 2, U.G. Students, Department of Civil Engineering, JSPM s B.I.T Engineering College, Barshi, India 1, 2 ABSTRACT:-This
More informationEFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF GRANITE WITH WASHED GRAVEL ON THE CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF GRANITE WITH WASHED GRAVEL ON THE CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE C. B. Echeta, E. E. Ikponmwosa and A. O. Fadipe Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationExperimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete Md. Tabsheer Ahmed 1, Md. Abid Alam 2, Manohar Singh Chufal 3 1, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationSTUDY THE MODULUS ELASTICITY OF HFRC
Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 33(s2)(2017) pp 1209-1213 www.icontrolpollution.com Research Article STUDY THE MODULUS ELASTICITY OF HFRC ARATI PARIDA 1*, SAGAR SARANGI 2 AND B. JAYASHREE 3 1 Assistant
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 10, October ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, October-216 162 Evaluation of the Properties of Bentonite Concrete with and without Steel Fiber Amritha E.K and Neethu Paul
More informationJournal home page: RESEARCH ARTICLE
Journal home page: http://www.journalijiar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE AND APPLIED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH VARYING PERCENTAGES
More informationComparative Study of Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composites
Comparative Study of Steel and Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composites Tejas R Patil 1, Ajay N. Burile 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati College of Engineering, Nagpur-24, Maharashtra,
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF NORMAL CONCRETE AND COCONUT SHELL CONCRETE USING STEEL FIBRE
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF NORMAL CONCRETE AND COCONUT SHELL CONCRETE USING STEEL FIBRE P. R. Kalyana Chakravarthy, R. Janani and R. RathanRaj Department of Civil Engineering, Vels University,
More informationUSING EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATE (ECA) IN REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE. Copyright 2017 Rivashaa Eco Design Solutions P. LTD. All rights reserved
USING EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATE (ECA) IN REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE. This presentation is to show the significance of using Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) in reinforced cement concrete. Why Expanded Clay
More informationFIBER ADDITION AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
FIBER ADDITION AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCRETE STRENGTH Aiswarya Sukumar M.Tech CE, MACE MG university, Kerala Elson John Asso. Professor, MACE MG University, Kerala Abstract Fibers are generally used as resistance
More informationSTUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor:.45 (SJIF-2015), e-issn: 2455-2585 Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2018 STUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH
More informationEVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF AERATED CONCRETE PARTIALLY REPLACED BY CEMENT WITH FLY ASH
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 10, Issue 1, January- February 2019, pp. 223-229, Article ID: IJARET_10_01_022 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/issues.asp?jtype=ijaret&vtype=10&itype=01
More informationUtilisation of Recycled Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Utilisation of Recycled Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Yong, P.C. 1 and Teo, D.C.L. 2 Abstract In this rapid industrialised world, recycling construction material plays an important role to
More informationA Study on Preparing Of High Performance Concrete Using Silica Fume and Fly Ash
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages PP -29-35 2016 ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 A Study on Preparing Of High Performance Concrete Using Silica
More informationProperties of Fly Ash Based Coconut Fiber Composite
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5 (1): 29-34, 2012 ISSN 1941-7020 2014 K.S.R. Mohan et al., This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license
More informationComparative Study on the Strength and Durability Properties of M 50 Grade Self Compacting Concrete with Micro Concrete
Comparative Study on the Strength and Durability Properties of M 50 Grade Self Compacting Concrete with Micro Concrete Dr. R. Vijayalakshmi 1 ; Dr. S. Ramangopal 2 ; Dr. R. Sathia 3 ; Arvindh Raj 4 1 Associate
More informationApplication and properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Application and properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pallavi Jakate 1, Saurabh Asange 2 1Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technocrat Institute of Technology (TIT) Excellence, MP, India.
More informationStrength of Normal Concrete Using Metallic and Synthetic Fibers Vikrant S. Vairagade* a and Kavita S. Kene b
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 51 ( 2013 ) 132 140 Chemical, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Tracks of 3 rd Nirma University International Conference Strength of Normal
More informationSTEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION - SKEW BENDING APPROACH
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION - SKEW BENDING APPROACH D. Tensing*, Karunya Institute of Technology, India L. S. Jayagopal, PSG College of Technology, India
More informationA Study on Strength Properties of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete
International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 8, Number 1 (2017), pp. 49-55 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com A Study on Strength Properties of Hybrid
More informationExperimental Investigation on Strength Parameters for Composite Concrete by Using Waste Glass Powder, Flyash Aggregate and M-Sand
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-767 (Online) Experimental Investigation on Strength Parameters for Composite Concrete by Using Waste Glass Powder, Flyash Aggregate
More informationComparative Study Of Compressive And Tensile Behaviour Of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PPFRC) With And Without Fly Ash
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Comparative Study Of Compressive And Tensile Behaviour Of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PPFRC) With And Without Fly Ash
More informationBond Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
ISBN 978-93-86878-06-9 11th International Conference on Building Design, Civil, Materials and Transportation Engineering (BDCMTE-17) Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Dec. 14-15, 2017 Bond Characteristics of Steel
More informationPerformance of High Strength High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete for use in Seismic Resistant Structures
Performance of High Strength High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete for use in Seismic Resistant Structures B. Pandu Ranga Rao 1, Dr. K. Ram Mohan Rao 2 1 General Manager (Civil Engineering),
More informationExperimental Study on Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fly Ash
Volume-5, Issue-2, April-2015 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 169-174 Experimental Study on Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Reinforced Partial Replacement of Fly Ash
More informationInfluence of Magnetic Water on Strength Properties of Concrete
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7(1), 14 18, January 2014 Influence of Magnetic Water on Strength Properties of Concrete B. Siva Konda Reddy 1*, Vaishali G. Ghorpade 2 and H. Sudarsana Rao
More informationInvestigation on the Effect of Varying Dosages of Steel Fibre on the Strength and Workability Properties of High Strength Concrete
Kalpa Publications in Civil Engineering Volume 1, 2017, Pages 352 356 ICRISET2017. International Conference on Research and Innovations in Science, Engineering &Technology. Selected papers in Civil Engineering
More informationSteel fiber-reinforced pervious concrete for urban roads
Steel fiber-reinforced pervious concrete for urban roads Kiang Hwee TAN 1, Emiko LIM 2 and Tien Fang FWA 3 1 Professor, Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore tankh@nus.edu.sg 2
More informationCHAPTER 5 FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH MANUFACTURED SAND
61 CHAPTER 5 FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH MANUFACTURED SAND 5.1 GENERAL The material properties, mix design of M 20, M 30 and M 40 grades of concrete were discussed in the previous chapter.
More informationAn Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete
International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 03 18 An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behavior of Macro Reinforced Concrete M. J. Hasan 1*, M. Afroz 2 and
More informationSTUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT TRANSMITTING CONCRETE
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 239-6 STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT TRANSMITTING CONCRETE B.YAMINI NIRMAL 1, Mr. K.NEHEMIYA 2, Sri.G.GIRI PRASAD 3,
More informationChapter 7. Concrete Mix Design and Fresh Concrete Properties
Chapter 7 Concrete Mix Design and Fresh Concrete Properties 7.1 GENERAL This chapter describes the conceptual concrete mix design procedures adopted for different lightweight s produced in this study.
More informationSTRENGTH AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH ALCCOFINE
SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering- (ICRTCETM-0) - Special Issue - April 0 International Conference on Recent Trends in Civil Engineering, Technology and Management (ICRTCETM-0) STRENGTH AND
More informationAn Experimental Study on the Use of Magnetized Water in Concrete with M Sand as Fine Aggregate
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 08, Issue 6 (June. 2018), V (II) PP 26-32 www.iosrjen.org An Experimental Study on the Use of Magnetized Water in Concrete
More informationMechanical performance of porous concrete pavement containing nano black rice husk ash
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Mechanical performance of porous concrete pavement containing nano black rice husk ash To cite this article: M Y Mohd Ibrahim
More informationCOMPARISON OF RUBBER AS AGGREGATE AND RUBBER AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
COMPARISON OF RUBBER AS AGGREGATE AND RUBBER AS FILLER IN CONCRETE A. Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri 1, S. A. Syed Nuzul Fadli 1, M. D. Abu Bakar 2 and K. W Leong 1 1 School Of Material Engineering, Universiti
More informationIJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 5, Issue 06, 2017 ISSN (online):
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 5, Issue 06, 2017 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Study of Light Transmittance by using Optical Fibers B.Yamini Nirmal 1 Mr. K. Nehemiya
More informationTHE EFFECT OF STEEL FIBERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
THE EFFECT OF STEEL FIBERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE Prof. Dr. Eng.* Dr. Eng.** Eng.(M.Sc.)*** Shakir A.Salih Saeed K. Rejeb Khalid B. Najem * Department of Building and
More informationSUITABILITY OF SINTERED FLY ASH LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
ABSTRACT SUITABILITY OF SINTERED FLY ASH LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE V V Arora, P N Ojha & Mantu Gupta National Council for Cement and Building Materials, India The paper presents the
More informationStrength Characteristic Study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Strength Characteristic Study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Mr. Alex Tharun P J Asst. prof. Civil Dept. Trinity College Kerala University Thiruvananthapuram India Nishma V Mohan, Aswathy L S, Sruthi
More informationEFFECT OF RE-VIBRATION ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
ASIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (BUILDING AND HOUSING) VOL. 9, NO. 3 (2008) PAGES 291-301 EFFECT OF RE-VIBRATION ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE M.V. Krishna Rao a, P. Rathish Kumar b and N.V.R.C
More informationSTRENGTH AND PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIP OF STEEL FIBROUS CONCRETE
STRENGTH AND PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIP OF STEEL FIBROUS CONCRETE A P Singh*, B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalnandhar, India D Singhal, GZS College of Engineering & Technology, Bathinda,
More informationPartial replacement of cement by plant solid waste ash in concrete Production
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 5 Ver. III (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 35-40 www.iosrjournals.org Partial replacement of cement
More informationA STUDY ON PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS OF COPPER SLAG IN CONCRETE
A STUDY ON PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS OF COPPER SLAG IN CONCRETE M. V. PATIL Applied Mechanics Department, S. V. National Institute Of Technology, Surat, Gujarat. Abstract- Some of the industrial by products
More informationStudy of the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Various Percentage of Steel Fibre
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 6 Issue 8 August 2017 PP. 41-47 Study of the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Steel Fibre
More informationEffect of Change in Mixing Time of Mixer on Wet Density, Dry Density, Workability and Compressive Strength of M-20 Grade Concrete
Effect of Change in Time of Mixer on Wet Density, Dry Density, Workability and Compressive Strength of M-20 Grade Concrete Dr. M. B.Varma 1 1 Assosiate Professor, Applied Mechanics Department Government
More informationPerformance of Glass Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete
2015 IJEDR Volume 3, Issue 2 ISSN: 2321-9939 Performance of Glass Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete 1 Manjunatha J.K, 2 Ashwini B.T 1 PG Student, 2 Assistant Professor 1,2 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationFibre Reinforced Concrete Using Domestic Waste Plastics as Fibres
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2016 373 Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Domestic Waste Plastics as Fibres Venugopal B 1, Sumitha V 2,Tamilarasan
More informationCHAPTER 3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND MIX PROPORTIONS
45 CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND MIX PROPORTIONS 3.1 GENERAL In the present investigation, it was planned to cast M40 & M50 grade concrete with and without supplementary cementitious material such
More informationSpecifiers Guide to Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete (GRC) The International Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete Association (GRCA)
Specifiers Guide to Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete (GRC) The International Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete Association (GRCA) August 2016 The International Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete Association (GRCA)
More informationImpact of Fly Ash and Silpozz as Alternative Cementitious Material in Crusher Dust Concrete [1]
Impact of Fly Ash and Silpozz as Alternative Cementitious Material in Crusher Dust Concrete [1] S. Jena, [2] K. C. Panda, [3] P. Sarangi [1] Assistant Professor, [2] Associate Professor, [3] Assistant
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONCRETE MADE WITH HYPO SLUDGE RITESH A. PATEL* PROF. M.A.JAMNU** *Final year M.E (C.S.A.D), Government Engineering College, Dahod, Gujarat, India **Assistant Professor, Dept. of
More informationThe hardening is caused by chemical action between water and the cement due to which concrete grows stronger with age.
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN INTRODUCTION Concrete is obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and admixtures in required proportions. The mixture when placed in forms and allowed to cure
More informationStrength Properties of Concrete Using Crumb Rubber with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate
Strength Properties of Concrete Using Crumb Rubber with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate S.Selvakumar 1, R.Venkatakrishnaiah 2 P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering
More informationMechanical Properties Of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Composite Concrete. (HyFRCC)
Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Composite Concrete. (HyFRCC) 1, 2, a *Wan Amizah Bt Wan Jusoh 1, b, Izni Syahrizal Bin Ibrahim 1 Faculty of Civil Eng, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
More informationInvestigation of Natural Plasticizers in Concrete
International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology Vol.(7)Issue(3), pp. 098 104 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/1.73.513 e ISSN:2278 621X Investigation of Natural Plasticizers in Concrete
More informationEffect of Different Types of Coarse Aggregates on Physical Properties of Mostly Used Grades M20, M25, M30 of Concrete
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 4, Issue Ver. II (Jan. - Feb. 207), PP 46-5 www.iosrjournals.org Effect of Different Types of Coarse
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE INCOPORATED CONCRETE
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE INCOPORATED CONCRETE T.Nanda kumar 1, V.Johnpaul.,M.E 2 and Dr.N.Balasundaram 3 1 PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore
More informationBEHAVIOUR OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE CONTAINING PERIWINKLE SHELLS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 5, No. 4 (2010) 379-390 School of Engineering, Taylor s University BEHAVIOUR OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE CONTAINING PERIWINKLE SHELLS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE ON STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE. 3 Mehvish, Insha Bashir. J&K, India
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE Experimental Study of Effects of Potassium Carbonate on Strength Parameters of Concrete, ON STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE 1 Dr. Javed Ahmed Naqash,
More information