Mark van der Zande April 2 nd 2015 Sense of Contact 17. Magnetic Resonance Technology A new concept for Multiphase Flow Measurement

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1 Mark van der Zande April 2 nd 2015 Sense of Contact 17 Magnetic Resonance Technology A new concept for Multiphase Flow Measurement

2 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

3 KROHNE: Supplier of innovative measurement solutions for the process industry Founded in % family owned World wide presence (> 3000 employees) In Dordrecht (NL): R&D and production of flow meters (>400 employees)

4 KROHNE: Product portfolio Flow measurement Level measurement Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Analysis products Communications KROHNE Services Systems for marine industry Systems for oil and gas industry 4

5 KROHNE: New development M-PHASE 5000 Flow measurement Multiphase flow measurement Oil and gas industry Magnetic Resonance Cooperation between SHELL and KROHNE

6 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

7 Multi-phase Flow in Oil Production Worldwide over oil wells in operation Oil from well: actually a mixture of Gas, Oil and Water Multiple wells per oil field (some times up to 40!) Oil wells come together in one main pipeline Composition per well can vary significantly (over time) Different owners 7

8 Multi-phase Flow Measurement in Oil Production Allocation of production In case of multiple companies on one field; who is producing what? Well / Reservoir management Optimization of production per well; Cost saving Fast feedback Optimize gas lift Optimize water injection From: Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering Replace test separators (big and slow) Economy of the oil field Produce from high water cut wells (>95% of water). Premature closure vs. production of sub-economic wells 8

9 Multiphase flow: Complex flow, several different flow regimes Heavy unsteady flow conditions possible Oil / Water / Gas ratio can fluctuate Challenge for flow measurement magnetic resonance! From: Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering 9

10 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

11 Measurement principle: Magnetic Resonance Various Nobel prizes have been awarded related to magnetic resonance: 1943, O. Stern: magnetic moment of a proton 1944, I. Rabi: magnetic resonance (MR) of a proton 1952, F. Bloch, E. Purcell: MR in liquids and solids 1991, R. Ernst: MR spectroscopy (chemistry) 2002, K. Wüthrich, Fenn, Tanaka: MR spectroscopy for resolving 3D structures 2003, P. Lauterbur, P. Mansfield: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Medical) Various instruments have been based on magnetic resonance, e.g.: MRI medical scanner Table top MR analyzer 11

12 Measurement principle: Magnetic Resonance Makes use of very fundamental physical property of atoms, and allows you to count hydrogen atoms. The principle: Oil, water and gas contain hydrogen atoms oil water gas When hydrogen protons are placed in a magnetic field they align with the applied magnetic field and precess around magnetic field lines. magnet The hydrogen protons (in the magnetic field) acquire the ability to resonate when irradiated with radio waves of the correct frequency (which is proportional to the magnetic field strength). send RF signal When the magnetic field and the radio frequency are correctly matched, the protons absorb and re-emit the radio energy. The signal is proportional to the number of protons By detecting the emitted energy (echos) and measuring its intensity we can get a measurement of the number of resonating protons in the sample. receive RF signal 12

13 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

14 Mechanical Design: 100mm (4inch), full bore pipe, horizontal configuration, length approx. 3.5m. Ambient operating temperature: -40 C to + 65 C, process temperature: 93 C Process pressure: 100 bar All electronics mounted directly on the flowmeter in two flame-proof boxes 14

15 Mechanical design (interior) 15

16 MR measurement principle for flow measurements In the flow meter, we are mainly measuring 2 properties: 1. The fraction (λ) of oil, water and gas is in the measurement section λ gas λ oil λ water 16

17 MR measurement principle for flow measurements In the flow meter, we are mainly measuring 2 properties: 1. The fraction (λ) of oil, water and gas is in the measurement section 2. What is the velocity (v) at which it travels From this data the volumetric flow rates (Q) can be calculated λ gas λ oil λ water Q gas Q oil Q water Volumetric flow rate 17

18 1) Measurement of liquid and gas velocity Fluid Velocity determination: Convective decay method Excited protons are leaving the coil due to flow Measure the decrease in ampitude of the echo s v = L c /t S=0 18

19 2) Measurement of oil and water fraction We make use of the fact that oil and water magnetize at a different rate (time constant) This difference creates a contrast between the oil and the water. λ gas λ oil λ water 19

20 2) Measurement of oil and water fraction We make use of the fact that oil and water magnetize at a different rate (time constant) This difference creates a contrast between the oil and the water. λ gas λ oil λ water By measuring the signal for two different magnetization lengths, and calculating the ratio, the fraction of oil and water can be derived. 20

21 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

22 Overview (multiphase) flow test locations SwRI (TX, USA) Donau Shell (NL) Xcaliber (NL) DNV GL (NL)

23 Performed tests Overview test points Parameter range: Pressure: Temperature: Salinity: Viscosity: 3-90 barg o C g/l 1-45 cst 23

24 Performed tests Results plotted in flowmap (for DNV-GL loop at 31 bar): Good accuracy both in liquid and gas flowrate: No systematic error Good accuracy for both liquid and gas flow rates Accuracy achieved over large dynamic range 24

25 Field Test: NAM Rotterdam The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam

26 Field Test: NAM Rotterdam The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam

27 Field Test: NAM Rotterdam The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam

28 Field Test: NAM Rotterdam The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam

29 1. KROHNE 2. Multiphase flow in the oil industry 3. Magnetic Resonance 4. Flow measurements 5. Performance 6. Conclusions and Outlook M-PHASE 5000 Agenda

30 Conclusions: Magnetic Resonance suitable principle for multiphase flow metering. One single measurement principle for oil, water and gas flowrates. No black box approach. Full bore design, no sensors inside pipe. No radioactive sources. Easy to install. Outlook: Product commercially available Production facility in the Netherlands ramping up. Similar to other MR applications, additional functionality can be added to the flow meter Successful installation on Dutch oil wells 30

31 Thank you for your attention!