Binder Optimization for the Production of Tungsten Feedstocks for PIM
|
|
- Noreen McGee
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Binder Optimization for the Production of Tungsten Feedstocks for PIM Travis E. Puzz, A. Antonyraj, and Randall M. German Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University James J. Oakes ATI Alldyne Huntsville, AL ABSTRACT Since the feedstock design is one of the most critical stages in the powder injection molding (PIM) process, a variety of binder formulations have been investigated to produce quality tungsten feedstocks. The present study describes binder optimization for the production of these feedstocks via a multi-faceted design of experiments. The powders used in the experiments were typical, as-received powders with small particle sizes. Experiments were performed to optimize the binder for each feedstock based on various methods including solids loading, mixture homogeneity, handling strength, moldability, and debinding. The experimental results display an interesting system of feedstock opportunities. The results of the experiments also reveal how different binder mixtures perform in the presence of tungsten, tungsten alloys, and tungsten compounds. INTRODUCTION The goal of this paper was to produce a quality, low cost binder system that could be molded or extruded with little or no external heat input from mixing and extrusion. To compound powder injection molding feedstocks, external heat is usually needed to mix the feedstock containing polymers like polypropylene. Usually pure shear mixing will not keep the polymer from hardening. Though external heat is used, mechanical work is usually the main reason for softening the polymers in binder systems. The binder systems described in this paper consist of low melting temperature binders like polyethylene wax, ethylene vinyl acetate, and polyethylene glycol. Plasticizers like polybutene and di-n-butyl phthalate were used to keep the binder from hardening quickly as it cooled. Even though using these low temperature binders could be used in mixers without dependence on external heating, strength of the green compact is subject to be lowered as a result. Since the strength of a binder is detrimental for quality control when the part is subjected to thermal debinding, thermogravimetric analysis results were obtained to account for slower debinding rates to keep thermal stresses to a minimum while the binder is removed
2 []. These results would help in keeping cracks and defects from forming in the debinded part. The further sections will provide mixing, extrusion, and debinding setup along with the different materials used and their resulting properties. MATERIALS The powders were pure tungsten (Grade C20), WC (Grade P22), and WC-0Co (extrusion grade FR0EXT) produced by ATI Alldyne. The powders had different particle sizes, characteristics and shapes which are shown in Table. SEM images were also taken of each powder which is displayed in Figure and 2. Table. Characteristics of W, WC, and WC-0Co powders Powder Supplier Particle Size W Grade C20 ATI Alldyne 6 9 μm WC Grade P22 ATI Alldyne 5 9 μm WC-0Co Grade FR0EXT ATI Alldyne 0. 0 μm Particle Shape Blocky, polygonal Blocky, equiaxed Blocky, agglomerated Pycnometer Density (g/cm 3 ) Figure. Tungsten C20 grade powder (left) and WC P22 grade powder (right) Figure 2. WC-0Co grade FR0 EXT powder
3 The initial idea was to find waxes and thermoplastics with low softening temperature but with enough handling strength after extrusion to hold shape through debinding/pre-sintering. Liquid plasticizers were blended with the waxes and polymers to lower the softening temperature. The difficult task was to use just enough plasticizer to lower the softening temperature but also to retain strength upon cooling to room temperature. The polymer and waxes are located in Table 2. Table 2. Polymer Characteristics Binder Density Softening Binder reference (g/cm 3 ) point ( C) PEW Polyethylene Wax EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate PB Polybutene DBT Di-n-butyl phthalate PEG Polyethylene Glycol.2 60 The binder systems as seen in Table 3 show each system and the binder system reference number. Different polymers and waxes were selected on the aspect of thermal properties. The object of selecting these types of binder components was to eliminate the need for external heating while mixing and extrusion. In most thermoplastics and waxes, the lower the melting point means the less strength is has after cooling. Keeping this in mind, the binders needed certain amounts of additives like plasticizers before a suitable handling strength could be compromised. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Table 3. Binder systems System Binder System reference A DBT-PEW-P EG-SA B PB-PEW-PE G-SA C PB-PEW-EV A-SA Mixing was done purely on the process of heating by shear. Mixing was done in beaker type batches using a 25 ml stainless steel beaker and impellor mixing blade connected to a lab mixer. The powder was mixed with the binder system into a viscous paste. The mixing time for complete addition of powder was recorded at 20 to 30 minutes. The mixing speed was kept constant at an impellor speed of 500 rpm. Sample rods were made by placing the viscous paste into a plunger type extrusion apparatus. Pressure is then applied by a manual press onto the plunger extruding the material from a 2 mm diameter chamber through a 6 mm (0.25") diameter by 9 mm (0.75") in length die orifice. Three to five sample rods were set aside to test green density using Archimedes m ethod. Homogeneity was measured by comparing the experimental green density to theoretical green density [2]. Theoretical green density is given in Equation where ρ m (g/cm 3 3 ) is mixture or green den sity, ρ p (g/cm ) is powder theoretical (pycnometer) density, ρ b (g/cm 3 ) is binder density, and Φ (volume %) is solids loading. m p ( ) b ρ = Φ ρ + Φ ρ () The remaining rods were placed onto a zirconia support tray for debinding and pre-sintering trials. Thermal debinding was done in a retort furnace using a heating rate of 0.5 C/min up to 600 C in a hydrogen atmosphere. Pre-sintering was done using a heating rate of C/min from 600 C to 000 C and cooling of the furnace was done naturally. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning
4 calorimeter (DSC) analysis were done to analyze binder burn off for each of the feedstocks. For TGA/DSC analysis, feedstocks consisting of binder system A, B, and C were heated to a temperature of 600 C at a heating rate of 5 C/min in hydrogen and argon atmospheres. This data helped optimize debinding rates and times for each binder system. Data was reported as observations in the pre-sintered compact with regards to cracking, blistering or defects. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Green density was a helpful way in determining mixture homogeneity of the particular feedstock samples after mixing and extrusion. Three to five extruded rods of each binder system and powder type were tested using Archimedes method. The averaged green density is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Green density of powder-polymer feedstocks Powder Solids loading Binder ρ theoretical ρ green Percent from (vol. %) System (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) theoretical WC 55 A % WC-0Co 56.8 A % W 55 B % WC 55 B % WC-0Co 56.8 B % W 55 C % WC 55 C % WC-0Co 56.8 C % The percent in which the actual green density deviates from the theoretical green density gives a good representation on the homogeneity of the powder-polymer mixture []. The mixture deviates less than 4% from theoretical calculations showing the mixture was homogeneous. Thermal debinding was simulated using TGA/DSC f or binder system A, B, and C that are provided in Figures 3, 4, and 5, respectively. From analyzing F igure, the polymer of binder system A shows three distinct areas of decomposition. The steep slope of the first curve from 50 C to 275 C sh ows the fast decomposition of the DBT, oil co ntent in the PEW and ste aric acid. The slope of the second curve from 350 C to 400 C shows the decomposition of the PEG. The final, small slope of the third curve fro m 400 C to 475 C shows the decomposition of the polyethylene content in the PEW Weight Loss (%) Atmosphere: Ar Heating rate: 5 C/min Heat Flow (μw) Temperature ( C) -3.0 Figure 3. TGA (black curve) and DSC (grey curve) results of binder system A
5 Weight Loss(%) Atmosphere: H 2 Heating rate: 5 C/min Temperature ( C) Heat Flow (μw) Figure 4. TGA (black curve) and DSC (grey curve) results of binder system B Weight Loss(%) Atmosphere: Ar Heating rate: 5 C/min Heat Flow (μw) Temperature ( C) Figure 5. TGA (black curve) and DSC (grey curve) results of binder system B From analyzing Figure 4, the polymer of binder system B shows three areas of decomposition. The first curve from 00 C to 350 C shows the decomposition of the PB, oil content in the PEW and stearic acid. The slope of the second curve from 350 C to 400 C shows the decomposition of the PEG. The final slope of the third curve from 400 C to 475 C shows the decomposition of the polyethylene content in the PEW. From analyzing Figure 5, the polymer of binder system C shows three areas of decomposition. The first curve from 00 C to 375 C shows the decomposition of the PB, oil content in the PEW and stearic acid. The slope of the second curve from 375 C to 425 C shows the partial decomposition of the EVA. The final slope of the third curve from 425 C to 475 C shows the decomposition of the EVA and polyethylene content in the PEW. Decomposition of each polymer was analyzed from the standpoint of molecular weight of the polymer, initial weight percent of polymer in the binder system, and heat flow from the DSC curve. After the rods were debound and pre-sintered, they were checked for defects and cracks by observation and the use of a low magnification, light microscope. Table 5 shows the results from debound and presintered rods.
6 Table 5. WC-0Co, WC, and W sample rods debound/presinter data Powder Exp. # Percent from theoretical Results WC 4 % No defects or cracks WC-0Co 4 % No defects or cracks W 49 2% Cracks along length WC 49.6% No defects or cracks WC-0Co % No defects or cracks W % Cracks along length WC % circumference cracking and defects WC-0Co 67.9% No defects or cracks Cracks Figure 6. W rods after debinding from left to right: Binder 67, Binder 49, and enlarged view of crack Defect Figure 7. WC rod after debinding from left to right: Binder 67, Binder 49, and Binder 4 Figure 8. WC-0Co rod after debinding and pre-sintering (on support tray) From left to right: Binder 67, Binder 49, and Binder 4
7 Figure 6 show the W rods after the debinding cycle with excessive cracking down the length of both rods. The cracking was largely due to low solids loading. Typical solids loading for tungsten feedstocks usually range from 55% to 60% by volume. Figure 7 shows WC rods after the debinding cycle with only one binder system encountering with defects. The defects with binder C and the WC powder rods were observed as rough craters on the surface. These defects were caused by non-homogeneity in these sample rods. Figure 8 shows no defects or cracks in the WC-0Co debound and pre-sintered rods. The WC- 0Co powder performed the best in mixing and extrusion with all binder system. C ONCLUSION The experimental results display an interesting system of feedstock opportunities. All binder systems could be recommended for further processing of the WC-0Co rods in the powder-polymer extrusion process. Binder systems 4 and 49 performed well with WC powder and reasonable results were obtained. Due to unsatisfactory results in the W extruded rods and low solids loading, these binder systems are seen as being too weak to support the high density of W during debinding. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research work was supported by ATI Alldyne. The authors would like acknowledge ATI Alldyne for graciously supplying the tungsten, tungsten carbide, and cemented carbide powders. REFERENCES [] Jicheng Zhou, Baiyun Huang, and Enxi Wu, Extrusion moulding of hard-metal powder using a novel binder system, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, vol. 37, pp [2] John Warren, The Role of Powder Characteristics in Binder Incorporation for Injection Molding Feedstock, 988, M.S. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
EXPLORING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING OF NIOBIUM
EXPLORING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING OF NIOBIUM Gaurav Aggarwal, Ivi Smid and Randall M. German Center for Innovative Sintered Products The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-6809 USA
More informationInjection Moulding and Heat Treatment of Ni-Cr-Si-B Alloy Powder
Injection Moulding and Heat Treatment of Ni-Cr-Si-B Alloy Powder M. Y. Anwar 1, M. Ajmal 1, M. T. Z. Butt 2 and M. Zubair 1 1. Department of Met. & Materials Engineering, UET Lahore. 2. Faculty of Engineering
More informationVTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD. Powder Piloting Service Service for Powder Injection Molding
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Powder Piloting Service Service for Powder Injection Molding STEP 6. STEP 5. STEP 4. STEP 3. STEP 2. STEP 1. Powder Injection Molding 1. Raw material selection
More informationUNDERSTANDING HOMOGENEITY OF POWDER- POLYMER MIXTURES EFFECT OF MIXING ON TUNGSTEN POWDER INJECTION MOLDING FEEDSTOCK
UNDERSTANDING HOMOGENEITY OF POWDER- POLYMER MIXTURES EFFECT OF MIXING ON TUNGSTEN POWDER INJECTION MOLDING FEEDSTOCK Jupiter P. de Souza 1, Sundar V. Atre 2, Pavan K. Suri 3, Julian A. Thomas 4 and Randall
More informationIn situ, Non-contact monitoring of Powder Compacts during Polymer Removal
Euro PM2004 Powder Injection Moulding In situ, Non-contact monitoring of Powder Compacts during Polymer Removal R. P. Koseski, C. Binet, Randall M. German Center for Innovative Sintered Products, Pennsylvania
More informationMoldflow Insight Advanced Processes. Eric Henry
Moldflow Insight Advanced Processes Eric Henry Safe Harbor Statement This presentation may contain forward-looking statements about future results, performance or achievements, financial and otherwise,
More informationDevelopment of feedstock of tungsten-nickel-iron- polyformaldehyde for MIM technology
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Development of feedstock of tungsten-nickel-iron- polyformaldehyde for MIM technology To cite this article: D V Kostin et al 2016
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/ A1
(19) United States US 2013 0200556A1 (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0200556A1 Jonsson (43) Pub. Date: (54) METHOD FOR PRODUCING CEMENTED (52) U.S. Cl. CARBIDE PRODUCTS CPC...
More informationDEBINDING AND SINTERING CHARACTERISTIC OF INJECTION MOULDING CoCrMo ALLOY POWDER FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 1, Issue 7, July 2015 (ISSN: 2394 6598) DEBINDING AND SINTERING CHARACTERISTIC OF INJECTION MOULDING CoCrMo ALLOY POWDER FOR
More informationInfluence of Waste Plastic Binder on Sintered Properties of Injection Moulded M2 HSS
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol SI 4 (1), 197-206, 2017 Influence of Waste Plastic Binder on Sintered Properties of Injection Moulded M2 HSS Rosniza Rabilah*, Salina Budin, Talib Ria Jaafar, Siti
More informationMelting point: 133 C. Algro Brits. ph:
CHAPTER 6 MATERIALS AND SAMPLE PREPARATION 6.1 Materials Two different urea-polymer systems were investigated as potential compoundable moulding compounds: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) Glycerine plasticised
More informationSolvent Debinding of MIM Parts in a Polystyrene-Palm Oil Based Binder System
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Solvent Debinding of MIM Parts in a Polystyrene-Palm Oil Based Binder System To cite this article: R. Asmawi et al 2016 IOP Conf.
More informationPIM Technology. a powder technology for complex small engineering parts
a powder technology for complex small engineering parts Powder Injection Moulding () metals (MIM) ceramics (CIM) cemented carbides (CCIM) is a new process for material shaping that combines the flexibility
More informationPRODUCTION OF FUSED SILICA CORES USING POWDER INJECTION MOULDING TECHNIQUES
Pakistan Engineering Congress, 69th Annual Session Proceedings 101 PRODUCTION OF FUSED SILICA CORES USING POWDER INJECTION MOULDING TECHNIQUES Dr. M. Yousaf Anwar* ABSTRACT A core is a separable part of
More informationEffect of additives on sintering response of titanium by powder injection moulding
Effect of additives on sintering response of titanium by powder injection moulding A. Arockiasamy* 1, R. M. German 2, D. F. Heaney 3, P. T. Wang 1,M.F. Horstemeyer 1, R. L. King 1 and B. Adcock 1 Powder
More informationCost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material
Manuscript refereed by Mr Dov Chaiat (Tungsten Powder Technology, Israel) Cost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material D. Handtrack, B. Tabernig, H. Kestler, L.S. Sigl PLANSEE
More informationCharacterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder
Characterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder Characterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder A.R. Jeefferie
More informationMETAL INJECTION MOLDING OF ULTRA-FINE 316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS
METAL INJECTION MOLDING OF ULTRA-FINE 316L STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS Animesh Bose, Isamu.Otsuka*, Takafumi Yoshida*, Hisataka Toyoshima* Materials Processing, Inc., 5069 MLK Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76109,
More informationInfluence of Powder Parameters on the Properties of Highly Filled Metal Powder Systems
I Available online at www.ijacskros.com Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science 2 (2014) 93-98 Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science Influence of Powder Parameters on the Properties of
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Traditional wax-based investment casting involves the following key steps: Making of a disposable pattern by injecting wax into a metal mould Building a ceramic
More informationEvaluation of High Pressure Water Atomized Powders for Large Scale PIM Production using Different Binder Formulations
Evaluation of High Pressure Water Atomized Powders for Large Scale PIM Production using Different Binder Formulations Volker Arnhold, Nicola De Cristofaro, Jack Hamill* GKN Sinter Metals, *Hoeganaes Corporation
More informationInnovative process to die compact injection molding powders
Innovative process to die compact injection molding powders Ravi K. Enneti, *Sundar V. Atre, Randall M. German P/M Lab, 147 Research West The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6809
More informationCharacterization of Stainless Steel 316L Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Using Waste Polystyrene and Palm Kernel Oil Binder System
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Characterization of Stainless Steel 316L Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Using Waste Polystyrene and Palm Kernel Oil
More information1. 3 Extrusion molding
1. 3 Extrusion molding 9 Extrusion is a widely used technique, both in the field of traditional and technical ceramics. This method allows the continuous manufacture of products with a constant cross-
More informationPresented at PM 2 Tec2004 Chicago, IL June 13-17, 2004
SINTERING OF PIM Fe-2Ni-0.8C Neal Myers and Raman Baijal Pennsylvania State University Center for Innovative Sintered Products University Park, PA 16802 Patrick King Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson,
More informationArticle Rheological Characterization of Powder Mixture Including a Space Holder and Its Application to Metal Injection Molding
Article Rheological Characterization of Powder Mixture Including a Space Holder and Its Application to Metal Injection Molding Sang June Park 1, Dongyeong Kim 1, Dongguo Lin 2, Seong Jin Park 2 and Seokyoung
More informationSolvent De-Binding of Bi-Material Green Component of Two-Component Powder Injection Moulded Stainless Steel and Zirconia
International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:18 No:3 96 Solvent De-Binding of Bi-Material Green Component of Two-Component Powder Injection Moulded Stainless Steel and
More informationEffect of Sintering Parameters and Powder Characteristics on the Performance of Metal-Injection-Molded SKD11 Parts
, July 3-5, 2013, London, U.K. Effect of Sintering arameters and owder Characteristics on the erformance of Metal-Injection-Molded SKD11 arts Huan Xi Chen, You Tern Tsai, and Kuan Hong Lin Abstract Metal-injection-molded
More informationProduction of Porous Refractory Metals with Controlled Pore Size
Production of Porous Refractory Metals with Controlled Pore Size Neal Myers, Tim Meuller, and Randall German Abstract: High porosity Nb, Mo-Re, and Ir metals with controlled pore size have been produced
More informationLength Change and Deformation of Powder Injection Molded Compacts during Solvent Debinding
Length Change and Deformation of Powder Injection Molded Compacts during Solvent Debinding S.C. HU and K.S. HWANG Solvent debinding is one of the processes widely adopted by the powder injection molding
More informationDevelopment of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part
Development of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part Mohamed Lakdhar Sahli, Jean-Claude Gelin To cite this version:
More informationEFFECT OF INJECTION PARAMETERS ON GREEN PART MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR METAL INJECTION MOLDING
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy 2017 (ICMERE2017) 18 20 December, 2017, Chittagong, Bangladesh ICMERE2017-PI-377 EFFECT OF INJECTION PARAMETERS
More informationThe Effect of Powder Loading on Dimensional Variability in PIM
The Effect of Powder Loading on Dimensional Variability in PIM Rudolf Zauner Austrian Research Centers in North America Materials & Production Technology Center 200 Innovation Boulevard State College,
More informationFabrication of 316L Stainless Steel Foams via Powder Metallurgy Technique
Fabrication of 316L Stainless Steel Foams via Powder Metallurgy Technique Z. Abdullah 1, a, S. Ahmad 2, b, M. F. M. Rafter 3, c, N. S. A. Manaf 4,d 1, 2, 3, 4 Faculty of Mechanical &Manufacturing Engineering,
More informationSupporting Information. Selective Metallization Induced by Laser Activation: Fabricating
Supporting Information Selective Metallization Induced by Laser Activation: Fabricating Metallized Patterns on Polymer via Metal Oxide Composite Jihai Zhang, Tao Zhou,* and Liang Wen State Key Laboratory
More informationMicrostructural Evolution of W-Ni-Fe During Liquid Phase Sintering A Quenching Study
Microstructural Evolution of W-Ni-Fe During Liquid Phase Sintering A Quenching Study N.B. Erhardt*, P. Suri, R.M. German, Center for Innovative Sintered Products, 147 Research West, The Pennsylvania State
More informationPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT. Introduction. Methods
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT Consumer Specialties ashland.com PTR-092 Page 1 of 7 Plasticizer Compatibility and Thermal and Rheological Properties of Plasdone povidone And copovidone polymers for Hot-melt
More informationTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY EVOLUTION DURING INTIAL STAGE SINTERING
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY EVOLUTION DURING INTIAL STAGE SINTERING Constance E. Schlaefer Randall M. German Center for Innovative Sintered Products The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 1680-6809
More informationHot Melt Extrusion in the. Containing Antiretroviral Drugs. May 18 th 2010
Hot Melt Extrusion in the Production of Intra-vaginal Rings Containing Antiretroviral Drugs May 18 th 2010 Andrew Loxley 1 Introduction to Particle Sciences 2 Intra-vaginal Rings 3 Intra-vaginal Rings
More informationAdaption of metal injection molding to quinary high entropy alloys
Adaption of metal injection molding to quinary high entropy alloys A. Grimonprez 1, Y. Chen 1, A. Kauffmann 1, V. Piotter 1, J. Wagner 2, M. Heilmaier 1 1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2 University
More informationPowder Metallurgy. by Haipan Salam
Powder Metallurgy by Haipan Salam In the sintering operation, the pressed-powder compacts are heated in a controlled atmosphere to right below the melting point (70%-90% of melting point of metals or
More informationDevelopment of Tubular Ni Wick Used in LHP for Space Applications
10th IHPS, Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 6-9, 2011 Development of Tubular Ni Wick Used in LHP for Space Applications S. K. Samanta*, Prosenjit Das, A. K. Lohar Foundry Group, Central Mechanical Engg. Research Institute
More informationINFLUENCE OF HOT MELT ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOMPOUNDED THERMOPLASTICS
International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design & Manufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 4, 21 Printed in the U.S.A. INFLUENCE OF HOT MELT ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOMPOUNDED
More informationEffect of Sintering Process Parameters in Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Process on Impact Toughness of Sintered Parts
Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Materials and Metallurgical Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 23-33, Article ID Tech-583 Research Article Open Access Effect of Sintering Process
More informationENHANCED GREEN STRENGTH LUBRICATING SYSTEMS FOR GREEN MACHINING FERROUS MATERIALS. L. Tremblay* and Y. Thomas **
ENHANCED GREEN STRENGTH LUBRICATING SYSTEMS FOR GREEN MACHINING FERROUS MATERIALS L. Tremblay* and Y. Thomas ** * Quebec Metal Powders Limited, 15 Marie Victorin, Tracy, Québec, Canada J3R 4R4 ** Industrial
More informationPLASTICS. Disadvantages: Expensive Combustible Poor ductility High softness Deformation under load Low heat resistance.
PLASTICS Plastics: An organic substance which changes its shape by the application of heat and pressure is called Plastics. This is done in presence of catalyst. Properties: These are usually light in
More informationPLASTIC PIPE TERMS & DEFINITIONS
PLASTIC PIPE TERMS & DEFINITIONS Every product has certain terms and definitions that are unique to that particular product. Listed below are some of the more common terms and definitions that relate to
More informationA Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies
A Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies M. Y. Anwar 1, M. Zubair 1, M. Ajmal 1, and M. T. Z. Butt 2 1. Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, UET Lahore. 2. Faculty
More informationMagnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] Application Data Sheet for Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate copolymer (EVA)
FR-20 Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] Application Data Sheet for Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate copolymer (EVA) FR-20, a series of high purity grades magnesium hydroxide, is offered by ICL-IP as inorganic halogen-free
More informationUNCLASSIFIED Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Manufacturing of PAX-3 High Explosive Authors: Sean Swaszek, Phil Samuels, Dr. Paul Anderson, Katherine Guraini Abstract The manufacturing methods of processing controls of explosives play an important
More informationCharacterization of Waste Plastic Bag as a Novel Binder System and Homogeneity Test for Stainless Steel 316L Metal Injection Molding
Characterization of Waste Plastic Bag as a Novel Binder System and Homogeneity Test for Stainless Steel 316L Metal Injection Molding Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim 1,2, Nur Hafizah Kamarudin 1,* 1 Advanced Materials
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF NANO-TUNGSTEN-COPPER POWDER AND PM PROCESSES. 1 Agency for Defense Development Yuseong, P.O.Box 35-5, Daejon , Korea
DEVELOPMENT OF NANO-TUNGSTEN-COPPER POWDER AND PM PROCESSES 1 Seong Lee, 1 Joon-Woong Noh, 2 Young-Sam Kwon, 2 Seong Taek Chung, 3 John L. Johnson, 4 Seong Jin Park and 4 Randall M. German 1 Agency for
More informationFurnaces for additive manufacturing
Furnaces for additive manufacturing Rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and 3-D printing For 3D printing and rapid prototyping different materials (plastics, metals, ceramics) can be used. When using metals
More informationMechanical properties of metal injection moulded 316l stainless steel using both prealloy and master alloy techniques
Mechanical properties of metal injection moulded 316l stainless steel using both prealloy and master alloy techniques D. F. Heaney, T. J. Mueller and P A. Davies ; Stainless steel 316L MIM components can
More informationFABRICATION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOAMS VIA POWDER METALLURGY TECHNIQUE
FABRICATION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOAMS VIA POWDER METALLURGY TECHNIQUE Z. Abdullah, S. Ahmad, M. F. M. Rafter and N. S. A. Manaf Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein
More informationCompounding and Processing Additives for Woodfiber-Plastic Composites
Struktol Company of America 201 E. Steels Corners Road P.O. Box 1649 Stow, OH 44224-0649 (330) 928-5188 Fax (330) 928-8726 Compounding and Processing Additives for Woodfiber-Plastic Composites Presented
More informationPart B. Unit8 (Class16) Powder Metallurgy. Powder Extrusion
Part B Unit8 (Class16) Powder Metallurgy Powder Production Reduction,Electrolytic deposition, Pulverization, Mechanical Alloy and othersblending of powderscompaction of Powders Punch and Die,Rolling, Extrusion,
More informationCritical Powder Loading and the Rheology of Nanosized Cemented Carbide with Titanium Carbide as Grain Growth Inhibitor for Injection Molding
International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Vol. 10 No. 4 (2018) p. 114-118 Penerbit UTHM DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.xx.xx.xxxx.xx.xxxx Critical Powder Loading and the Rheology of Nanosized
More informationTarget Markets. Wire and cable
Use of Functionalized Polybutadienes in Aluminum Trihydrate (ATH) Filled Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Compounds Benefits Improved dispersion Increased ductility Enhanced flame retardancy Target Markets
More informationStructure and properties of the gradient tool materials of unalloyed steel matrix reinforced with HS6-5-2 high-speed steel
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering Volume 28 Issue 4 April 2007 Pages 197-202 International Scientific Journal published monthly as the organ of the Committee of Materials Science of the Polish
More informationLOW PRESSURE INJECTION MOLDING OF BORON ADMIXED 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
LOW PRESSURE INJECTION MOLDING OF BORON ADMIXED 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Muhammad Aslam 1, Faiz Ahmad 1, Puteri Sri Melor Binti Megat Yusoff 1, Khurram Altaf 1, Mohd Afian Omar
More informationPalm Stearin as Alternative Binder for MIM: A Review
Palm Stearin as Alternative Binder for MIM: A Review Amir Arifin, a, * Abu Bakar Sulong, b Gunawan, a Amrifan Saladin Mohruni, a and Irsyadi Yani, a a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-7 ALLOY STEELS Tool Steels TYPES of FERROUS ALLOYS FERROUS ALLOYS Plain Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Cast Irons - Low carbon Steel - Medium carbon steel - High carbon
More informationDispersant Concentration [mg/ml] Water F /2.0/ Tip sonication (10) Acidic solution ( ph)
Supporting Information. 1. Boron nitride nanoparticle (BN) surface treatment BNs were mixed with a pre-prepared surfactant solution as indicated in Table S1 and then sonicated or stirred. Table S1: Initial
More informationEffects of holding pressure and process temperatures on the mechanical properties of moulded metallic parts
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Apr 04, 2018 Effects of holding pressure and process temperatures on the mechanical properties of moulded metallic parts Islam, Aminul; Hansen, Hans Nørgaard; Esteves,
More information21º CBECIMAT - Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais 09 a 13 de Novembro de 2014, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
Comparison between a conventional sintering process and by (Spark Plasma Sintering) consolidation of WC-6Co (%wt). Ana Júlia Tertuliano 1, a, Guido Boidi 1,b, Daniel Rodrigues 2,c, Izabel Fernanda Machado
More informationPOWDER INJECTION MOLDING (PIM) A MULTI-PUPOSE PROCESS FOR ARMOR PART FABRICATION AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
POWDER INJECTION MOLDING (PIM) A MULTI-PUPOSE PROCESS FOR ARMOR PART FABRICATION AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Applied Materials Material Process Technology
More informationParaffin wax removal from metal injection moulded cocrmo alloy compact by solvent debinding process
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Paraffin wax removal from metal injection moulded cocrmo alloy compact by solvent debinding process To cite this article: N A
More informationIn-situ atmosphere monitoring of the debinding of PM steel components with large amounts of organic additions
In-situ atmosphere monitoring of the debinding of PM steel components with large amounts of organic additions October 12 th 216 Peter Quadbeck, Alexander Strauß, Bernd Kieback, Olaf Andersen Fraunhofer
More informationRAPID PATTERN BASED POWDER SINTERING TECHNIQUE AND RELATED SHRINKAGE CONTROL
RAPID PATTERN BASED POWDER SINTERING TECHNIQUE AND RELATED SHRINKAGE CONTROL Jack G. Zhou and Zongyan He ABSTRACT Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University 3141 Chestnut Street
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Conversion of selected waste Plastic in to Synthetic Fuel (Synthetic Diesel) Nagori Kaustubh, Dohare Devendra Department of Environmental
More informationEffect of High Energy Milling on the Microstruture and Properties of Wc-Ni Composite
Materials Research. 2010; 13(3): 293-298 2010 Effect of High Energy Milling on the Microstruture and Properties of Wc-Ni Composite Camila dos Santos Torres*, Lírio Schaeffer Laboratory of Mechanical Transformation
More informationExperimental Study of Solvent Debinding on Water Soluble PEG Behavior for Water Atomised SS 316L Compact
Experimental Study of Solvent Debinding on Water Soluble PEG Behavior for Water Atomised SS 316L Compact Nur Syawanie Manam Institute of Postgraduate Studies Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 63 (2018), 1,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 63 (2018), 1, 473-480 DOI: 10.24425/118964 D.Y. PARK*, B.R. PARK**, C.W. GAL**, D. LIN**, J.S. HAN**, M.-S. JEONG***, R. BOLLINA****, W. HWANG**, S.J. PARK** # DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPHOBIC
More informationINTRODUCTION. Table 1. Typical applications for LDPE and Ateva EVA copolymers. Category Typical Applications Advantages
INTRODUCTION Low-density polyethylene is produced through the polymerization of ethylene by a high-pressure process. Ateva EVA copolymers are produced but copolymerizing ethylene (E) with vinyl acetate
More informationChapter 18: Powder Metallurgy
Chapter 18: Powder Metallurgy ผ ช วยศาสตราจารย เร อโท ดร. สมญา ภ นะยา Reference: DeGarmo s Materials and Processes in Manufacturing 18.1 Introduction Powder metallurgy is the name given to the process
More informationMoulding Parameter Optimisation for the Best Sintered Density
Parameter Optimisation for the Best Sintered Density Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Norhamidi Muhamad, Mohd Nizam Ab. Rahman, Sri Yulis M. Amin, Sufizar Ahmad, Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim, Murtadhahadi, Nor Hafiez
More informationD.C. Blaine*, Y. Wu, C.E. Schlaefer, B. Marx, and R.M. German The Pennsylvania State University. September 4, 2003
Sintering Shrinkage and Microstructure Evolution during Densification of a Martensitic Stainless Steel D.C. Blaine*, Y. Wu, C.E. Schlaefer, B. Marx, and R.M. German The Pennsylvania State University September
More informationSuperhigh Strength Metal Injection Molded Low Alloy Steels by In-Process Microstructural Control
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 3 (2002) pp. 343 to 347 Special Issue on Environmentally Benign Manufacturing and Material Processing Toward Dematerialization c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals
More informationM. Oishi et al. Nano Studies, 2015, 11, DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH NANOCOMPOSITES FOR WET CONDITIONS
M. Oishi et al. Nano Studies, 2015, 11, 69-74. DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH NANOCOMPOSITES FOR WET CONDITIONS M. Oishi 1, 2, Ch. Dal Castel 1, R. Park 1, B. Wolff 1, 3, L. Simon 1 1 University of
More informationEffect of Modifying Agent (ACR) on Cell Structure and Mechanical Properties of Extrusion-Foamed PVC Sheet
International Conference on Architectural, Civil and Hydraulics Engineering (ICACHE 2015) Effect of Modifying Agent (ACR) on Cell Structure and Mechanical Properties of Extrusion-Foamed PVC Sheet Mingyi
More informationBI-MATERIAL COMPONENTS USING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING: DENSIFICATION, SHAPE COMPLEXITY, AND PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
BI-MATERIAL COMPONENTS USING POWDER INJECTION MOLDING: DENSIFICATION, SHAPE COMPLEXITY, AND PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES Randall M. German, Donald F. Heaney, and John L. Johnson Center for Innovative Sintered
More informationStudy on the Production Process of 304L Stainless Steel Injection Molding
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Study on the Production Process of 304L Stainless Steel Injection Molding To cite this article: Hui Chen et al 2018 IOP Conf.
More informationA R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Volume Issue 2 DOI: /amm
A R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Volume 60 2015 Issue 2 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2015-0114 JIN MAN JANG, WONSIK LEE,, SE-HYUN KO, CHULWOONG HAN, HANSHIN CHOI OXIDE FORMATION IN METAL
More informationAutodesk University Metal Injection Molding with Moldflow
Autodesk University Metal Injection Molding with Moldflow PRESENTER: Hello, everyone. Good afternoon. Welcome to this session about the powder injection molding. This is a session where it's presented
More informationRHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF A STARCH-BASED BINDER AND FEEDSTOCK FOR METAL INJECTION MOLDING
International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 4 (2009), No. 3, 294-299 RHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF A STARCH-BASED BINDER AND FEEDSTOCK FOR METAL INJECTION MOLDING Hooman
More informationPreventive effect on spalling of UFC using jute fiber at high temperature
MATEC Web of Conferences 6, 02006 (2013) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20130602006 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013 Preventive effect on spalling of UFC using jute fiber at high temperature
More informationMicro CIM for Precision Instruments and Medical Applications. SmartManufacturingSeries.com
Micro CIM for Precision Instruments and Medical Applications SmartManufacturingSeries.com Outline Discussion of micro-scale ceramic injection molding experience Introduction to CIM Case Studies Conclusions
More informationA STUDY ON SINTERING BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH SPEED STEEL POWDER THROUGH POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE
A STUDY ON SINTERING BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH SPEED STEEL POWDER THROUGH POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE Samsiah Abdul Manaf, Ahmad Aswad Mahaidin, Mohd Asri Selamat and Talib Ria Jaafar AMREC,
More informationThe Effects of Nanoparticle Addition on Binder Removal from Injection Molded Aluminum Nitride
The Effects of Nanoparticle Addition on Binder Removal from Injection Molded Aluminum Nitride Valmikanathan P. Onbattuvelli, Ravi K. Enneti, 2 Seong-Jin Park, 3 and Sundar V. Atre 1* 1 Oregon State University,
More informationpolyethylene compound
polyethylene compound 05.2016 2 3 4 our company PEBO is part of System Group, a group of companies founded in 1979. Today, with its 15 production sites, employing more than 600 people, it is a leading
More informationFlow Behaviour and Viscoelasticity of Polypropylene-Kaolin Composites Extruded at Different Temperatures
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 19 (2): 383 388 (2011) ISSN: 0128-7680 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Flow Behaviour and Viscoelasticity of Polypropylene-Kaolin Composites Extruded at Different Temperatures
More informationDevelopments in Small Scale Twin Screw Extruders for Color Development. Charlie Martin, Leistritz Extruson. Abstract. Background
Developments in Small Scale Twin Screw Extruders for Color Development Charlie Martin, Leistritz Extruson Abstract Plastics is a major worldwide industry that plays a role in all facets of modern life,
More informationContents. 1. Making a Blue Tank 2. Material Production Options 3. Methods for Adding Color 4. Grinding the Pellets 5. Benefits of Using Micros
Contents 1. Making a Blue Tank 2. Material Production Options 3. Methods for Adding Color 4. Grinding the Pellets 5. Benefits of Using Micros Making a Blue Tank Additives Process Stabilizers (Phosphates)
More informationMETAL PARTS GENERATION BY THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING. Steven Michaels, Emanuel M. Sachs, Michael 1. Cima Massachusetts Institute of Technology
METAL PARTS GENERATION BY THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING Steven Michaels, Emanuel M. Sachs, Michael 1. Cima Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract Dimensional Printing is a rapid prototyping process
More informationSinter-Brazing of Carbides to P/M Steel
Sinter-Brazing of Carbides to P/M Steel Neal Myers and Randall M. German Center for Innovative Sintered Products 147 Research West Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 814-865-2121 nsm104@psu.edu,
More informationBin Level Indication Applications in the Plastic Processing Industries
Bin Level Indication Applications in the Plastic Processing Industries Introduction What is Plastic Processing? Simply, it is the processing or converting of raw plastic material into a finished or work-in-process
More informationSOLVING ADHESION AND DIE BUILDUP PROBLEMS IN EXTRUSION COATING
SOLVING ADHESION AND DIE BUILDUP PROBLEMS IN EXTRUSION COATING Bruce Foster Mica Corporation ABSTRACT Poor adhesion and die buildup are common problems in the extrusion coating industry. In the case of
More informationPowder Injection Molding of Metal and Ceramic Parts
3 Powder Injection Molding of Metal and Ceramic Parts Joamín González-Gutiérrez, Gustavo Beulke Stringari and Igor Emri Center for Experimental Mechanics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 1.
More informationUltra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) UTEC is the trade name of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) developed and produced by Braskem with its own catalyst and production
More information