Development of Thickness Measurement System for Hot Steel with Laser-Ultrasonic Wave Technology
|
|
- Lester Sparks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Materials Transactions, Vol. 55, No. 7 (2014) pp to 1016 Special Issue on Laser Ultrasonics and Advanced Sensing The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection Development of Thickness Measurement System for Hot Steel with Laser-Ultrasonic Wave Technology N. Fuse +, K. Kaneshige and H. Watanabe Daido Corporate R&D Center, Daido Steel Co., Ltd., Nagoya , Japan Laser-ultrasonic is one of the non-contact and non-destructive inspection methods for hot materials, complicated shapes and minute materials. It has possibilities to measure dimensions and inspect metallographic structures and defects. It is difficult to measure or inspect them by traditional methods such as an ultrasonic diagnostics. Though laser-ultrasonic can be applicable to many industrial fields, we have studied the practical measures to apply the technology to a thickness measurement system for hot materials, such as robustness of optical systems and safety measures for high-power laser. The thickness measuring techniques for cold and hot bulk steels using laser-ultrasonic were tested in our laboratory. The measuring accuracy was within 2% for cold bulk steels and 4% for hot bulk steels (compared with measured value by gauges or X-ray system). Then an experimental system has been installed in a hot rolling process line and verified in terms of the measuring accuracy, safety counter-measures and durability for high temperature or dust. As the results of this experiment, the measuring accuracy is within 4% compared with X-ray system, dust on optical devices was free due to air curtains and an air jet nozzle for more than 5 months and laser reflection are shielded completely with fireproof metallic fiber curtains. [doi: /matertrans.i-m ] (Received July 11, 2013; Accepted March 28, 2014; Published May 30, 2014) Keywords: laser-ultrasonic, ablation, non-contact, non-destructive, thickness measuring, hot rolled steel, cold rolled steel, speckle interferometer, X-ray 1. Introduction Laser-ultrasonic 1) is the new technology for non-contact and non-destructive inspection. It is specially expected to be applied to measuring thickness and material temperature, inspecting metallographic structure or defects of hot bulk steels, and so on. As it can be applicable to many industrial fields, 2 10) we have studied measurements for robustness of optical systems and safety for high-power laser in the practical use of laser-ultrasonic technology. The thickness measuring techniques for cold and hot bulk steels using laser-ultrasonic were tested in our laboratory. The bulk steels were cut down to specific dimensions from rolled steels in the rolling process line. The measuring accuracy was within 2% for cold bulk steels and 4% for hot bulk steels (compared with measured value by gauges or X-ray system). Later the experimental system has been installed in the hot rolling process line and verified in terms of the measuring accuracy, safety counter-measures and durability for high temperature or dust. Though X-ray has been used to measure thickness of hot rolled steel in the hot rolling process line, laser-ultrasonic technique has possibilities to inspect metallographic structures and defects unlike X-ray. 2. Principle of Measurement 2.1 Ultrasonic generation using laser The principle of ultrasonic generation by laser has two modes, such as thermo-elastic effect and ablation. In the case of thermo-elastic effect, the ultrasonic wave is generated by the stress with thermal expansion when the laser is irradiated on objects. On the other hand, ablation is the phenomenon that momentary evaporation of the objects occurs as soon as high power density pulsed laser is irradiated on them. In + Corresponding author, n-fuse@ac.daido.co.jp Fig. 1 Laser-ultrasonic propagation in hot steel. this time, plasma shock wave is also generated and propagates into the objects as ultrasonic wave. We use ablation in this experiment because of its stronger ultrasonic wave (Fig. 1). 2.2 Ultrasonic detection by laser The ultrasonic wave is finally attenuated after reflecting from bottom to surface of the objects repeatedly. The wave causes the surface of the objects to vibrate. The vibration can be detected with a laser interferometer. Speckle interference (Fig. 2) 11 13) is adopted in this experiment. Speckle pattern appears as reflection when laser beam is irradiated on the objects. The pattern is different before and after vibration (Fig. 3). 14) As the pattern is less susceptible to surface texture of the objects than fringes used in general interferometer such as Fabry-Perot, it is easier to detect vibration on even hot rolled steel surface. 2.3 Calculation of thickness The 1st wave is defined as a wave that is generated with laser and returns to the surface from bottom of objects for the first time. Similarly all other echo waves are defined as 2nd, 3rd, n th (n >= 2) repeatedly (Fig. 4). As the time lag between the n-1 echo wave and the n echo wave is equal to
2 1012 N. Fuse, K. Kaneshige and H. Watanabe Fig. 2 Principle of laser interferometer. (c) Fig. 5 Location of installed system. Fig. 3 Speckle pattern; before vibration, after vibration, (c) difference between and. for ultrasonic detection, a loader/un-loader for them and its incidental equipment (Fig. 7). Optical equipment has cooling mechanisms for the laser system with air and water, and dustproofing mechanisms, like air curtains. 3.3 Laser equipment In Tables 1 and 2, main specifications of the generation laser and the detection laser are described and their appearances are shown in Figs. 8 and 9.15) Fig. 4 Measuring time of flight. the turnaround time from the bottom of objects to the surface (Tof: Time of flight), the thickness (t) is calculated by the eq. (1) with the Tof and the propagation velocity (Vp) that is specified by the steels and its temperature. t¼ 3. A Summary and Experimental System 1 Tof Vp 2 Safety ð1þ Measures of the 3.1 Outline of the experimental system Figure 5 shows the location where the experimental system is installed. We installed the system 20 meter away from a steckel mill in order to measure thickness just after hot rolling (Fig. 6). The temperature of the steel at this location is Celsius (slightly low compared with that of the steel in a coiler furnace). 3.2 Structure of experimental system The experimental system consists of a 1064 nm-yag laser for ultrasonic generation, a 532 nm-yag laser interferometer 3.4 Environmental-resistance Since the interferometer is located just above the hot rolled process line, counter-measures against heat radiation and dust should be taken. As we supposed that the experimental period was from February to June, measures against environmental temperature were taken during the same term Speckle laser interferometer (Ultrasonic detection laser) The laser interferometer is stored in a case filled with heat insulator. The body of the interferometer is ventilated for cooling and dust-proof. The bottom panel and a nozzle are cooled with running water because the distance from hot rolled steel to them is 200 mm. High pressure air is injected from the laser nozzle to prevent the invasion of dust. It also blows heat-resistant and heat absorbing glasses inside the nozzle against dust. Four heat absorbing glasses are provided on a rotary plate in order to replace them easily when they are dirty or damaged (Fig. 10) Ultrasonic generation laser The generation laser is stored in a case filled with heat insulator. The body of the laser is cooled with running water and ventilated for dust-proof (Fig. 11). 3.5 Safety measures As it is important for experimenters and third-party to protect themselves from high power laser, we took countermeasures conformed to the Japanese Industrial Standard C6802 (the same as IEC 60825). Laser reflection has been shielded completely by covering the area of laser exposure with fireproof metallic fiber curtains (NASLONμ, Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd.) (Fig. 12).16)
3 Development of Thickness Measurement System for Hot Steel with Laser-Ultrasonic Wave Technology 1013 Fig. 6 Detailed arrangement. Fig. 7 Table 1 Fig. 8 Ultrasonic generation laser. Fig. 9 Ultrasonic detection laser. Construction of system. Specification of ultrasonic generation laser. Item Specification Type of oscillation Nd:YAG Oscillation wavelength Oscillation power 1064 nm 450 mj Pulse width 10 ns Pulse period 10 Hz Table 2 Specification of ultrasonic detection laser Item Specification Interferometry Oscillation wavelength Speckle 532 nm Oscillation power 180 mw Experimental Result Setting up the database for material temperature vs. ultrasonic propagation velocity The ultrasonic propagation velocity is calculated using the thickness value by X-ray at the specified temperature of the Fig. 10 Environmental measures for laser interferometer. steel surface measured with a radiation thermometer. So we have prepared the correlative database about the steel temperature vs. the ultrasonic propagation velocity for various steels. Examples of detected ultrasonic signals for 2 kinds of steel are shown in Fig. 13 and ultrasonic propagation velocity dependence upon temperature is shown in Fig. 14. As the correlation between steel temperature and ultrasonic propagation velocity is high, linear approximation was performed in the specific temperature region.17)
4 1014 N. Fuse, K. Kaneshige and H. Watanabe Fig. 11 Environmental measures for generation laser. Fig. 12 Safety measures for shielding laser. Fig. 13 Detected ultrasonic wave signals; DF42N (alloy, t3.5 mm, 670 celsius), D38NR (high alloy, t3.5 mm, 690 celsius). Fig. 14 Correlation between ultrasonic propagation velocity vs. temperature; Steel: DF42N, Steel: D38NR. Fig. 15 Comparison of measured thickness with laser and X-ray; DF42N, D38NR. 4.2 Thickness measurement using correlation databases Thickness is calculated by using the eq. (1) in section 2.3. The calculated thickness and the thickness by X-ray system are compared in Fig. 15. The thickness measurement errors for several steels are also shown in Fig. 16. The thickness is measured at the center in width direction of the hot rolled steel. The thickness profile about part of backward 240 and 180 m are shown for DF42N and D38NR in Fig Discussion 5.1 Factors that may affect accuracy of measuring thickness We have verified the major factors that may affect accuracy
5 Development of Thickness Measurement System for Hot Steel with Laser-Ultrasonic Wave Technology Fig. 16 Error span of measured thickness vs. several hot rolled steels (alloy & high alloy) Fig. 18 Measurement error vs. surface conditions. (c) Fig. 17 Surface texture; Lathe s finish, rough grinding finish, (c) mirror finish. of measuring thickness. These are caused by specific character of laser interferometer. As the premise it is important for laser interferometer to receive laser reflection from object sufficiently, some of major factors are surface condition and inclination or waviness of rolled steel. Verification results about these effects are described. We have evaluated the dependence of the thickness measurement accuracy upon these factors, including other factors, such as temperature measurement accuracy, elasticity at high temperature and steel type Effect of surface condition We measured thickness of the three blocks of cold steel, which are the same material (SC50) and the same dimension (t15 mm), but have different surface textures. These surface textures are lathe s finish, rough grinding finish and mirror finish respectively (Fig. 17). The results are shown in Fig. 18. In these results, as it is impossible to detect displacement from mirror finish for speckle interferometer in principle, the measuring accuracy is low because of less S/N. Also because of large diffused reflection from lathe s finish, it leads large loss of laser power and low level S/N. As the surface condition of rolled steels depends on that of the reduction roll, it affects measurement accuracy Effect of angle The measurement accuracy of thickness was investigated when the tilting angle of detection laser to the cold steel surface was changed (Fig. 19). The tilt angle was controlled to either one of 0, 3 and 5. The result is shown in Fig. 20. It is presumed that the ultrasonic S/N decreases because input power of laser reflection to optical detectors is getting smaller as the tilt angle is larger. Actually as the top and end of hot rolled steel have waviness and inclination, the measurement accuracy gets worse Repeatability of measurement The measuring repeatability of ultrasonic propagating velocity of cold and hot bulk steels (seven kinds of steel, thickness: mm, surface finish: rough grinding) was investigated. In case of hot bulk steels, they were measured at Fig. 19 Experimentation. Fig. 20 Measurement error vs. angle of laser beam Celsius after heated until 1100 Celsius in an electric furnace. The actual thickness of hot bulk steels was calculated taking account of coefficient of thermal expansion against measured value of cold steels. The measurement accuracy (3 ) of hot bulk steel is within 4%, and that of cold bulk steel is within 2% (Fig. 21) Error factors The causes have been surveyed that the measuring accuracy of hot rolled steels is lower than that of cold bulk steels. The deterioration of measuring accuracy is caused by variety of steel type, elasticity at high temperature, measurement accuracy of temperature, in addition to the surface condition and inclination or flap of rolled steel. As the ultrasonic attenuation in hot bulk steels is larger than that in cold bulk steel, due to its elasticity, the work
6 1016 N. Fuse, K. Kaneshige and H. Watanabe compared with X-ray system. The error factors are concerned in surface condition, measurement accuracy of material temperature, elasticity at high temperature, and steel type. (2) Dust on optical devices was free due to air curtain and air jet nozzle for more than 5 months. (3) Laser reflection were shielded completely with fireproof metallic fiber curtain. The evaluation continues for more studying about measurement errors. Fig. 21 Average and 3 of ultrasonic propagation velocity at cold and hot bulk steels (N = 5 each). temperature affects the S/N of ultrasonic signals. Temperature was measured only at the surface of steels. However, strictly speaking, the distribution of the temperature has to be measured over the thickness direction. For example if temperature changes 20 Celsius, the measurement value of thickness has about 0.5% difference. This value may become errors that is not ignored. On the other hand, grain size affects ultrasonic signal level and propagation velocity because there are considerable difference in size between grains of cold rolled steels and those of hot rolled steels. 18) These influence are being investigated individually now. The temperature of the steel is measured by a infrared thermometer and the thermal emissivity is specified each steel. Though we calibrate the thermal emissivity, it may have errors owing to surface condition of rolled steels. Collectively, it is supposed there are 2% special errors concerned in hot rolled process line. 6. Conclusion The results are as follows; (1) Measuring accuracy of hot rolled steel is within 4% REFERENCES 1) C. B. Scruby and L. E. Drain: Laser Ultrasonics Techniques and Applications, (Taylor & Francis, 1990). 2) J. Takatsubo: Butsuri-Tansa 54 (2001) 388 (in Japanese). 3) J. Takatsubo: Inspect. Eng. 15 (2010) 24 (in Japanese). 4) J. Takatsubo: INSS JOURNAL 19 (2012) ) K. Yamanaka: J. JSNDI 49 (2000) ) M. Ochiai: Toshiba Rev. 61 (2006) 44. 7) M. Ochiai: J. JSNDI 57 (2008) 19. 8) M. Ochiai: J. JSTP 51 (2010) ) H. Yamada, A. Kosugi and I. Ihara: Japan J. Appl. Phys. 50 (2011) 07HC06. 10) Y. Matsuda: Japan J. Appl. Phys. Part 2-Letters 39 (2000) L59. 11) B. Pouet, B. Sebastian and P. Clémenceauet: QNDE (2005) ) B. Pouet, B. Sebastian and P. Clémenceauet: QNDE (2006) ) B. Pouet, B. Sebastian and P. Clémenceauet: QNDE (2007) ) M. Uchino, T. Harada, M. Nagai and M. Koganemaru: Construction of Measurement System of Out-of-Plane Deformation Using Speckle Pattern, (Fukuoka, Japan, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 2002). 15) Thales Japan K.K: 2012 edition laser equipment catalog, (Tokyo, Japan). 16) Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd.: 2012 edition product catalog, (Osaka, Japan). 17) T. Fukuchi, T. Okuyama and T. Okuyama: Application of laser ultrasound to noncontact temperature measurement of composites, Electric Power Engineering Research Laboratory Rep. No. H06012, (2007, Tokyo, Japan). 18) Y. Nagata: J. JSNDI 49 (2000) 369.
Repair or Maintenance
Repair or Maintenance Development of Multifunction Laser Welding Head as Maintenance Technologies against Stress Corrosion Cracking for Nuclear Power Reactors T. Miura, W. Kono, I. Chida, T. Hino, S. Yamamoto,
More informationLUMet Laser-Ultrasonic Sensor For In-Situ Metallurgical Studies
LUMet Laser-Ultrasonic Sensor For In-Situ Metallurgical Studies Introduction Now it is possible to monitor metallic microstructures in real time, in-situ, and at high temperatures while conducting physical
More informationOPTICAL FIBER SYSTEM FOR AE MONITORING OF HIGH TEMPERA- TURE DAMAGE OF STAINLESS STEEL TUBING
OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEM FOR AE MONITORING OF HIGH TEMPERA- TURE DAMAGE OF STAINLESS STEEL TUBING TOMOHARU HAYANO, TAKUMA MATSUO, HIDEO CHO and MIKIO TAKEMOTO College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin
More informationEffects of Laser Peening Parameters. on Plastic Deformation in Stainless Steel
Effects of Laser Peening Parameters on Plastic Deformation in Stainless Steel Miho Tsuyama* 1, Yasuteru Kodama* 2, Yukio Miyamoto* 2, Ippei Kitawaki* 2, Masahiro Tsukamoto* 3 and Hitoshi Nakano* 1 *1 Faculty
More informationLaser Ultrasonics for Examination of Defects in Aluminium Profiles
ECNDT 2006 - Poster 235 Laser Ultrasonics for Examination of Defects in Aluminium Profiles Mattias BORG and Lena CARLSON, KIMAB, Stockholm, Sweden. Olga MISHINA, SAPA Technology AB, Finspång, Sweden. Abstract.
More informationApplication of Laser Ultrasonics to Studies of Recrystallisation and Grain Growth in Metals
1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications July 16-18 2008, Montreal, Canada Application of Laser Ultrasonics to Studies of Recrystallisation and Grain Growth
More informationNONTRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
NONTRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Lasers & Laser Beam Machining Basic NTM Process Groups: * Thermal NTM Processes - Laser Beam Machining (LBM) - Electron Beam Machining (EBM) - Plasma Arc Machining
More informationConcept and preliminary experiment on ILE, Osaka. protection of final optics in wet-wall laser fusion reactor
Concept and preliminary experiment on protection of final optics in wet-wall laser fusion reactor T. Norimatsu, K. Nagai, T. Yamanaka and Y. Izawa Presented at Japan-US Workshop on Power Plant Studies
More informationDETECTION OF LASER ULTRASONIC SURFACE DISPLACEMENT BY WIDE APERTURE FIBER OPTIC AMPLIFIER M.L. Rizzi and F. Corbani CESI, Milano, Italy
DETECTION OF LASER ULTRASONIC SURFACE DISPLACEMENT BY WIDE APERTURE FIBER OPTIC AMPLIFIER M.L. Rizzi and F. Corbani CESI, Milano, Italy Abstract: In the frame of the European Project INCA, CESI is in charge
More informationApplication of ultrasonic testing to steel-concrete composite structures
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18338 Application of ultrasonic testing to steel-concrete composite structures Arisa YANAGIHARA 1, Hiroaki HATANAKA 2, Minoru TAGAMI 2, Katsuya TODA 3,
More informationI ABSTRACT. K. L. Telschow and J. B. Walter Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, U.S.A.
Laser ultrasonic monitoring of molten metal processes 4 * K L Telschow and J B Walter daho National Engineering Laboratory, daho Falls, D 83415, USA R J Conant and S E Garwick Montana State University,
More informationNondestructive Testing
Nondestructive Testing Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Nondestructive inspections fundamentals Classification of nondestructive inspections Radiographic inspection Magnetic particle
More informationInstitute, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada; 4 Tecnar Automation Ltd., St. Bruno, Quebec, Canada.
LASER ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR ON-LINE SEAMLESS STEEL TUBING PROCESS CONTROL G. Jeskey 1, R. Kolarik II 2, E. Damm 2, J.-P. Monchalin 3, G. Lamouche 3, S. E. Kruger 3, and M. Choquet 4 1 Jeskey Consulting,
More information375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, , Korea Phone: , Fax:
7th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, -8 Oct 8, Shanghai, China Estimation of wall thinning defect size and location in pipes by Laser Speckle Interferometry Koung-suk KIM, Su-ok JANG, Jong-hyun
More informationTechnologies for reliable titanium alloy forgings focusing on ultrasonic inspection in aerospace industry
Technologies for reliable titanium alloy forgings focusing on ultrasonic inspection in aerospace industry Yoshinori Ito, Hiroyuki Takamatsu and Keiji Kinoshita Kobe Steel, Ltd. 1 Outline of aerospace sector
More informationAdaptive Control and Repair for Lap Welds of Aluminum Alloy Sheets Based upon In-Process Monitoring.
Title Author(s) Adaptive Control and Repair for Lap Welds of Aluminum Alloy Sheets Based upon In-Process Monitoring Kawahito, Yousuke; Katayama, Seiji Citation Transactions of JWRI. 34(2) P.7-P.15 Issue
More informationLaser Ultrasonics 2010 Laser-based ultrasonic-emission sensor for in-process monitoring during high-speed laser welding
Laser Ultrasonics 2010 Laser-based ultrasonic-emission sensor for in-process monitoring during high-speed laser welding B. Pouet, A. Wartelle and S. Breugnot Bossa Nova Technologies, Venice, CA 90291,
More informationDurability Evaluation of Highly Reflective Coating Materials for Roofing
Durability Evaluation of Highly Reflective Coating Materials for Roofing Kenji Motohashi 1 Masataka Tamura 2 ABSTRACT Highly reflective coating materials for roofing (cool roof paints) are becoming popular
More informationSaint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, Russia 2
5 Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 45 (016) 5-58 OPTOACOUSTIC INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED ALUMINUM AD1 AFTER SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION BY TORSION AND THERMAL TREATMENT B.N. Semenov
More informationLASER SOUND GENERATION IN A WELD POOL. Nancy M. Carlson and John A. Johnson
LASER SOUND GENERATION IN A WELD POOL Nancy M. Carlson and John A. Johnson Idaho National Engineering Laboratory EG&G Idaho, Inc., P. O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415 INTRODUCTION A welding machine requires
More informationFinite-element simulation of aluminum temperature field and thermal profile in laser welding process
Finite-element simulation of aluminum temperature field and thermal profile in laser welding process Ali Moarrefzadeh Young Researchers Club, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran A_moarrefzadeh@yahoo.com,
More informationIn-Process Monitoring and Adaptive Control during Pulsed YAG Laser Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy Thin Sheets
JLMN-Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering, Vol.1, No. 1, 2006 In-Process Monitoring and Adaptive Control during Pulsed YAG Laser Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy Thin Sheets Yousuke KAWAHITO * and Seiji
More informationIndustrial Applications. Cool Laser Machining.
Industrial Applications Cool Laser Machining www.synova.ch Energy & Aerospace Synova s Laser MicroJet (LMJ) systems offer holedrilling and diffuser-machining solutions for the aerospace and power generation
More informationLASER ULTRASONICS INSPECTIONS OF AERONAUTICAL COMPONENTS VALIDATED BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
7 th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace Mo.3.A.2 LASER ULTRASONICS INSPECTIONS OF AERONAUTICAL COMPONENTS VALIDATED BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Esmeralda CUEVAS AGUADO 1, Carlos GALLEGUILLOS 2, Covadonga
More informationISO Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Use of automated phased array technology
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13588 First edition 2012-10-01 Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Use of automated phased array technology Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés Contrôle
More informationPrometheus-L Reactor Building Layout
Prometheus-L Reactor Building Layout Two Main Options for the Final Optic (1) SiO 2 or CaF 2 wedges 85 40 cm stiff, lightweight, actively cooled, neutron transparent substrate 4.6 m (2) Grazing incidence
More informationPyrite Form of Group-14 Element Pernitrides Synthesized at High Pressure and High Temperature
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting information figures Pyrite Form of Group-14 Element Pernitrides Synthesized
More informationAnnealing Effect on Elastic Constant of Ultrathin Films Studied by Acoustic-Phonon Resonance Spectroscopy
1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications July 16-18 28, Montreal, Canada Annealing Effect on Elastic Constant of Ultrathin Films Studied by Acoustic-Phonon
More informationIn-situ heat treatment system for die steels using YAG laser with a machining center
Precision Engineering Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology 25 (2001) 212 217 In-situ heat treatment system for die steels using YAG laser with a machining
More informationConstruction of bridge slab ends repair system
Construction of bridge slab ends repair system Shungo Matsui 1*, Atsuo Ogawa 2, Tatsuo Ogata 3, Toshiyuki Kanda 4,Atsuro Kano 4, Masakatsu Kunikawa 4, Saiji Fukada 5 and Yoshiyuki Momiyama 1 1 West Nippon
More informationEUV Source Supplier Update, Gigaphoton
EUV Source Supplier Update, Gigaphoton Hakaru Mizoguchi EUV Source Workshop 6 May, 2007 Baltimore, MD, USA Acknowledgments A part of this work was performed under the management of EUVA in the NEDO's R&D
More informationLaser Ultrasonics Inspections of Aeronautical Components with High Cadence and Geometrical Variations, Manufactured by RTM: Resin Transfer Moulding
6th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace, 12-14th November 2014, Madrid, Spain - www.ndt.net/app.aerondt2014 More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=16958 Laser Ultrasonics Inspections
More informationUltrasonic testing of adhesive bonds of thick composites with applications to wind turbine blades
Center for Nondestructive Evaluation Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations Center for Nondestructive Evaluation 7-2011 Ultrasonic testing of adhesive bonds of thick composites with applications
More informationPassivation of SiO 2 /Si Interfaces Using High-Pressure-H 2 O-Vapor Heating
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 39 (2000) pp. 2492 2496 Part, No. 5A, May 2000 c 2000 The Japan Society of Applied Physics Passivation of O 2 / Interfaces Using High-Pressure-H 2 O-Vapor Heating Keiji SAKAMOTO
More information11.3 Polishing with Laser Radiation
196 E. Willenborg 11.3 Polishing with Laser Radiation Edgar Willenborg The surface roughness of a part or product strongly influences its properties and functions. Among these can be counted abrasion and
More informationDevelopment of High Quality Plastic Fuel Shells for Laser Fusion Energy
Development of High Quality Plastic Fuel Shells for Laser Fusion Energy T. Norimatsu, K. Nagai, and T. Yamanaka Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan e-mail norimats@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp
More informationIndustry, Universities Collaborate 11
The International Journal of Thermal Processing MARCH 2018 Industry, Universities Collaborate 11 INSIDE 28 Process Thermal Imaging 32 Weight-Reducing Heat Treatment 38 Plastic Cooling Towers 40 Nitriding
More informationIn-process Monitoring and Adaptive Control for Laser Spot and Seam Welding of Pure Titanium
In-process Monitoring and Adaptive Control for Laser Spot and Seam Welding of Pure Titanium Yousuke KAWAHITO*, Masayuki KITO* and Seiji KATAYAMA* * Osaka University, Joining and Welding Research Institute
More informationIMPACT DAMAGE DETECTION ON SCARF-REPAIRED COMPOSITES USING LAMB WAVE SENSING
16 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS IMPACT DAMAGE DETECTION ON SCARF-REPAIRED COMPOSITES USING LAMB WAVE SENSING Ichiya Takahashi*, Yusaku Ito*, Shin-ichi Takeda**, Yutaka Iwahori**,
More informationThermal Analysis of Graphite and Silicon Carbide with Millimeter-Wave Radiometry
PSFC/JA-1-46 Thermal Analysis of Graphite and Silicon Carbide with Millimeter-Wave Radiometry P. P. Woskov and S. K. Sundaram* * Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. November 21 Plasma Science and Fusion
More informationInterface quality and thermal stability of laser-deposited metal MgO multilayers
Interface quality and thermal stability of laser-deposited metal MgO multilayers Christian Fuhse, Hans-Ulrich Krebs, Satish Vitta, and Göran A. Johansson Metal MgO multilayers metal of Fe, Ni 80 Nb 20,
More informationIn-process Monitoring and Adaptive Control during Micro Welding with CW Fiber Laser
In-process Monitoring and Adaptive Control during Micro Welding with CW Fiber Laser Yousuke KAWAHITO*, Masaharu KAWASAKI* and Seiji KATAYAMA* * Osaka University, Joining and Welding Research Institute
More informationEvolution of Optical Fiber Temperature during Fiber Bragg Grating Fabrication Using KrF Excimer Laser
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 43, No., 24, pp. 47 5 #24 The Japan Society of Applied Physics Evolution of Optical Fiber Temperature during Fiber Bragg Grating Fabrication Using KrF Excimer Laser
More informationTensile Strength and Pseudo-elasticity of YAG Laser Spot Melted Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Wires
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 4 (24) pp. 17 to 176 Special Issue on Frontiers of Smart Biomaterials #24 The Japan Institute of Metals Tensile Strength and Pseudo-elasticity of YAG Laser Spot Melted
More informationOptical Contacting ABSTRACT
Optical Contacting Jean-Jacques FERMÉ Société Européenne de Systèmes Optiques (SESO) 305. rue Louis Armand B.P. 55000 13792 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3 - FRANCE Tel. + 33 442.168.504 - Fax + 33 442.168.585
More informationDetection of Skin Disbond in Honeycombs and Coating Detachment by Laser Tapping Technique
1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications July 16-18 2008, Montreal, Canada Detection of Skin Disbond in Honeycombs and Coating Detachment by Laser Tapping
More informationLaser Shock Peening of Thin Open-hole Aluminium Specimens
Laser Shock Peening of Thin Open-hole Aluminium Specimens Vjola Ristori (MSc Student) University of Pisa, Italy European Laser Shock Peening Meeting Bertinoro, Italy, 16-18 February 2011 Contents 1 2 3
More informationDraft proposals for Test methods for close-coupled solar water heating systems - Reliability and safety
IEA/SHC Task 57, Subtask B Draft proposals for new test procedures B4: Final Draft Draft proposals for Test methods for close-coupled solar water heating systems - Reliability and safety HE Zinian Beijing
More informationDevelopment of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Application for Detection and Sizing of Orthotropic Steel Deck Fatigue Cracks
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Development of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Application for Detection and Sizing of Orthotropic Steel Deck Fatigue Cracks Naoto YAGI 1, Katsunori
More informationIMPAC Infrared Thermometers
IMPAC Infrared Thermometers Very robust high-end IMPAC pyrometer for non-contact temperature measurements on metals, ceramics, graphite etc. between 250 and 3500 C IS 12 IS 12-S IGA 12 IGA 12-S Temperature
More informationStudying Increase of Speed Using Different Laser Welds
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12): 247-251, 2012 ISSN 1991-8178 Studying Increase of Speed Using Different Laser Welds Dr Masoud Sabbaghi, Shahla Arabshahi and Shahrzad Arabshahi
More informationAdvanced Manufacturing Choices
Advanced Manufacturing Choices Table of Content Mechanical Removing Techniques Ultrasonic Machining (USM) Sputtering and Focused Ion Beam Milling (FIB) Ultrasonic Machining In ultrasonic machining (USM),
More informationSimultaneous Reflection and Transmission Measurements of Scandium Oxide Thin Films in the Extreme Ultraviolet
Simultaneous Reflection and Transmission Measurements of Scandium Oxide Thin Films in the Extreme Ultraviolet Introduction Guillermo Acosta, Dr. David Allred, Dr, Steven Turley Brigham Young University
More informationFundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering
Fundamentals of X-ray diffraction and scattering Don Savage dsavage@wisc.edu 1231 Engineering Research Building (608) 263-0831 X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering Involves the elastic scattering of
More informationFemtosecond Laser Materials Processing. B. C. Stuart P. S. Banks M. D. Perry
UCRL-JC-126901 Rev 2 PREPRINT Femtosecond Laser Materials Processing B. C. Stuart P. S. Banks M. D. Perry This paper was prepared for submittal to the Manufacturing '98 Chicago, IL September 9-16, 1998
More informationHot and Cold Cleaning Methods: CO 2 Laser Ablation and Cryoblasting
Hot and Cold Cleaning Methods: CO 2 Laser Ablation and Cryoblasting G.W.Critchlow 1, R.Litchfield 1, C.Curtis 2 and M.Owens 2 1 Department of Materials, Loughborough University, UK 2 Cryogenesis UK Ltd
More informationLaser Shock Peening. Goran Iveti. Process and Current Applications. May 10, 2010
Process and Current Applications Goran Iveti May 10, 2010 Contents Laser Shock Peening 1 Laser Shock Peening 2 Applications of LSP LSP technology diusion 3 Setting up LSP technology Goran Iveti Laser Shock
More informationDiode laser beam absorption in laser transformation hardening of low alloy steel
Diode laser beam absorption in laser transformation hardening of low alloy steel Henrikki Pantsar and Veli Kujanpää Citation: Journal of Laser Applications 16, 147 (2004); doi: 10.2351/1.1710879 View online:
More informationTemperature Measurement Technology in Water Cooling Process and High Accuracy Cooling Control Technology for High Tensile Hot Rolled Strip
Technical Report UDC 621. 771. 237. 016. 2 : 536. 53 Temperature Measurement Technology in Water Cooling Process and High Accuracy Cooling Control Technology for High Tensile Hot Rolled Strip Tatsuro HONDA*
More informationActivation Behavior of Boron and Phosphorus Atoms Implanted in Polycrystalline Silicon Films by Heat Treatment at 250 C
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 44, No. 3, 2005, pp. 1186 1191 #2005 The Japan Society of Applied Physics Activation Behavior of Boron and Phosphorus Atoms Implanted in Polycrystalline Silicon
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF IN-SITU MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SINTERING OF CERAMICS USING LASER AE TECHNIQUE
DEVELOPMENT OF IN-SITU MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SINTERING OF CERAMICS USING LASER AE TECHNIQUE S. NISHINOIRI and M. ENOKI Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo,
More informationChapter 7 Evaluation of Injection-Molding Phenomena Part 1: Measurement of temperature distribution in the molded materials
Chapter 7 Evaluation of Injection-Molding Phenomena Part 1: Measurement of temperature distribution in the molded materials 1. Evaluation of Injection-Molding Phenomena It is effective to evaluate the
More informationIn-Process Monitoring and Adaptive Control in Micro Welding with a Single-Mode Fiber Laser.
Title Author(s) In-Process Monitoring and Adaptive Control in Micro Welding with a Single-Mode Fiber Laser KAWAHITO, Yousuke; KATAYAMA, Seiji Citation Transactions of JWRI. 38(2) P.5-P.11 Issue Date 2009-12
More informationFeasibility Study on the Fast-Ignition Laser Fusion Reactor With a Dry Wall FALCON-D*
US/Japan Workshop on Power Plant Studies and Related Advanced Technologies 5-7 March 2008, UCSD Feasibility Study on the Fast-Ignition Laser Fusion Reactor With a Dry Wall FALCON-D* *) Fast-ignition Advanced
More informationA Modeling Platform for Ultrasonic Immersion Testing of Polycrystalline Materials with Flaws
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic A Modeling Platform for Ultrasonic Immersion Testing of Polycrystalline Materials with Flaws
More informationM. Hasumi, J. Takenezawa, Y. Kanda, T. Nagao and T. Sameshima
Proceedings of 6th Thin Film Materials & Devices Meeting November 2-3, 2009, Kyoto, Japan http://www.tfmd.jp/ Characterization of SiO x /Si Interface Properties by Photo Induced Carrier Microwave Absorption
More informationINVESTIGATION OF SOUND PROPERTY OF LASER-SHOCKED ALUMINUM
INVESTIGATION OF SOUND PROPERTY OF LASER-SHOCKED ALUMINUM ALLOY X. R. Zhang, Y. K. Zhang and S. Y. Zhang Laboratory of Modern Acoustics and Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
More informationTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE
24 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE Takahiro Ohmura*, Mikinori Tsuboi*, Masatake Onodera*, Toshio Tomimura**
More informationNON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF JOINTS OF ANTIFRICTION PARTS CRIMPED BY PULSED MAGNETICDEFORMATION
ISSN 1392-1134/ eissn 2345-0371 Agricultural Engineering, Research Papers, 2017, Vol. 49, 1-5 p. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF JOINTS OF ANTIFRICTION PARTS CRIMPED BY PULSED MAGNETICDEFORMATION A.Tatarinov,
More informationNumerical Simulation of Welding Deformation produced in Compressor Impeller
[Technical Papers] Numerical Simulation of Welding Deformation produced in Compressor Impeller Shinji KOBAYASHI*, Esao YAMADA**, Tetsu GO**, Shigetaka OKANO***, Masahito MOCHIZUKI***, Kenyu KIMURA****,
More informationLaser-Induced Surface Damage of Optical Materials: Absorption Sources, Initiation, Growth, and Mitigation
Laser-Induced Surface Damage of Optical Materials: Absorption Sources, Initiation, Growth, and Mitigation 100 nm 1 mm S. Papernov and A. W. Schmid University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics
More informationExcimer Laser Annealing of Hydrogen Modulation Doped a-si Film
Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 5 (27) pp. 975 to 979 #27 The Japan Institute of Metals Excimer Laser Annealing of Hydrogen Modulation Doped a-si Film Akira Heya 1, Naoto Matsuo 1, Tadashi Serikawa
More informationExperimental study on laser marking of alumina
Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2015 Experimental study on laser marking of alumina J. Penide a*, F. Quintero a, F. Arias-González a, A. Fernández b, J. del Val a, R. Comesaña c, A. Riveiro a, F. Lusquiños
More informationDetermination of Condition of Recrystallised Grains After Annealing of Cold Rolled IF Grade Steel Sheets Based on Ultrasonic Measurements
Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing Hyderabad Chapter Proc. National Seminar on Non-Destructive Evaluation Dec. 7-9, 2006, Hyderabad Determination of Condition of Recrystallised Grains After Annealing
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF SINTERED IRONS WITH ULTRASONIC NONLINEARITY
IDENTIFICATION OF SINTERED IRONS WITH ULTRASONIC NONLINEARITY Y. Ohara 1, K. Kawashima 1, M. Murase 1, and N. Hirose 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
More informationLaser removal of oxides and particles from copper surfaces for microelectronic fabrication
Laser removal of oxides and particles from copper surfaces for microelectronic fabrication J. M. Lee and K. G. Watkins Laser Group, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool Brownlow Street, Liverpool
More informationElectromagnetic Casting Technique for Slab Casting
Technical Report UDC 621. 746. 047 : 539 : 072 Electromagnetic Casting Technique for Slab Casting Masahiro TANI* Takehiko TOH Kenji UMETSU Kazuhisa TANAKA Masafumi ZEZE Keiji TSUNENARI Kazunori HAYASHI
More informationStress effect to ultrasonic velocity and mechanical anisotropy of solid materials by water immersion sing-around method
Stress effect to ultrasonic velocity and mechanical anisotropy of solid materials by water immersion sing-around method Tohru Imamura National Research Laboratory of Metrology, 1-1-4, Umezono, Tsukuba,
More informationRESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN GRAIN-ORIENTED SILICON STEEL
Copyright JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data 2004, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Volume 47. 402 RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN GRAIN-ORIENTED SILICON STEEL Muneyuki Imafuku, Tamaki Suzuki
More informationQuartz Glass for Optics
Shin-Etsu Quartz Products Co., Ltd. Quartz Glass for Optics Quartz has outstanding optical properties such as light transmission and has characteristics such as high purity, high resistance to heat and
More informationPortable Hardness Tester NOVOTEST T-D1
NOVOTEST of Ukraine, founded in 2009, is a leading manufacturer in Ukraine of high quality portable instruments for non-destructive testing of materials such as concrete, metal or polymeric materials.
More informationSET PROJECT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A TROUGH MODULE STRUCTURE, IN OPERATION AND EMERGENCY Luca Massidda
SET PROJECT STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A TROUGH MODULE STRUCTURE, IN OPERATION AND EMERGENCY Luca Massidda Table of Contents Introduction... 2 Finite element analysis... 3 Model description... 3 Mirrors...
More informationMEASUREMENT OF DEFECT DEPTH IN SHEET METAL BY PULSE THERMOGRAPHY
MEASUREMENT OF DEFECT DEPTH IN SHEET METAL BY PULSE THERMOGRAPHY Soo-Yong Choi 1, Jae-Yeon Kim 1, Min-Jung Park 1, Jai-Won Park 2, Won-Sik Lee 3, Jai-Won Byeon 1* 1 Department of Materials Science & Engineering,
More information1. Comparison of Inspection Methods
NDT.net - The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing (May 2008) For more papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?mainsource=25 Weld Inspection with EMAT Using Guided Waves Borja LOPEZ
More informationHeraeus Quarzglas GmbH Co.KG Fluosil Preform
Shin-Etsu Quartz Products Co., Ltd. Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH Co.KG Fluosil Preform Shin-Etsu Quartz Products Co., Ltd. imports and sells the Fluosil brand of specialty fiber-use quartz preform employed in
More information4 Concept of Ripple Pyrometry during Flash Lamp Annealing
4 Concept of Ripple Pyrometry during Flash Lamp Annealing 4.1 Review on Temperature Measurement for Flash Lamp Annealing Several different efforts have been undertaken to measure temperature by contactless
More informationDevelopment of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels:
Development of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels: Niobium and titanium are added to high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels to provide grain boundary pinning precipitates to help produce the
More informationA STUDY ON FLOW BEHAVIOR INSIDE A SIMPLE MODEL OF EJECTOR
A STUDY ON FLOW BEHAVIOR INSIDE A SIMPLE MODEL OF EJECTOR Taketoshi Koita 1 and Junjiro Iwamoto ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the experimental results on the internal flow of the ejector. To improve
More informationJewelry Laser Spot Welding Machine
Jewelry Laser Spot Welding Machine This laser spot welding machines are used for perforation and spot welding of sand hole for gold and silver jewelleries. Laser spot welding is an important application
More information(898) ISIJ Activity Report. Committee,
Method of Ultrasonic Angle Beam Examination for Welds of Ferritic Steels with Acoustic Anisotropy* -Activity Report of Non-destructive Inspection Subcommittee, Quality Control The Joint Research Society,
More informationProperties of Materials
Properties of Materials Thermal Properties Thermal Conductivity Temperature Wall The Thermal Conductivity (k) is the measure of the ability of a material to transmit heat by conduction. The heat (Q) is
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment and Transformation on Bending Angle in Laser Forming of Titanium Foils
Effect of Heat Treatment and Transformation on Bending Angle in Laser Forming of Titanium Foils Masaaki Otsu 1,a, Yasuhiro Ito 1,b, Akira Ishii 1,c Hideshi Miura 2,d and Kazuki Takashima 1,e 1 Department
More informationLaser Ultrasonic Characterisation of Rolled Steel Strip: Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Thin Sheets
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Laser Ultrasonic Characterisation of Rolled Steel Strip: Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Thin Sheets David KRIX 1, René SCHMIDT 2, Mariana MOTA
More informationINTERPLANT STANDARD - STEEL INDUSTRY SPECIFICATION FOR INFRA-RED PYROMETERS IPSS:
INTERPLANT STANDARD - STEEL INDUSTRY IPSS SPECIFICATION FOR INFRA-RED PYROMETERS IPSS: 2-07-017-13 NO CORRESPONDING INDIAN STANDARD EXIST (First Revision) Formerly-: IPSS: 2-07-017-93 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10830 First edition 2011-07-15 Space systems Non-destructive testing Automatic ultrasonic inspection method of graphite ingot for solid rocket motors Systèmes spatiaux Essais
More informationSurface Plasma. Ejection Plume. Figure 1: Schematic illustration of laser paint stripping
Efficient TEA CO 2 laser based coating removal system F J Prinsloo, S P van Heerden and E. Ronander Scientific Development and Integration (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 1559, Pretoria 0001, South Africa L R Botha
More informationMetals Analyzer. OES 6000 Optical Emission Spectrometer. fast and accurate metal analysis
fast and accurate metal analysis Application fields Elemental analysis plays a crusial role in the quality control of the metal smelting, casting and processing industry. Skyray Instruments s are widely
More informationHistorical overview on Vacuum suitable Welding and fatigue resistance in Research Devices
Historical overview on Vacuum suitable Welding and fatigue resistance in Research Devices Martin Wolf E-mail:emartin.wolf@gmail.com Summary New inventions change the approach of vacuum suitable welding
More informationRapid Imaging of Microstructure using Spatially Resolved Acoustic Spectroscopy
Rapid Imaging of Microstructure using Spatially Resolved Acoustic Spectroscopy Steve Sharples, Matt Clark, Wenqi Li, Mike Somekh Applied Optics Group School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University
More informationSurface Modification of Cr-Mo Steel Using New Water Jet Cavitation Technology
Research & Reviews: Journal of Material Science DOI: 10.4172/2321-6212.1000209 e-issn: 2321-6212 www.rroij.com Surface Modification of Cr-Mo Steel Using New Water Jet Cavitation Technology Masataka Ijiri
More information