Synthesis, Crystallographic Studies, and Characterization of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Solid Solutions
|
|
- Adela Harper
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Synthesis, Crystallographic Studies, and Characterization of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Solid Solutions Theodora Kyratsi and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis* East Lansing, Michigan / USA, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University Received June 26 th, Dedicated to Professor Bernt Krebs on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday Abstract. The detailed crystal structures of selected members of solid solutions of the thermoelectric compounds K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x with x 4, x 6andx 10 were determined. The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of Se/S mass fluctuations introduced when β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 is alloyed with isostructural K 2 Bi 8 S 13. The details of the K/Bi disorder and Se/S distribution are examined. Lattice parameters, semiconducting band gaps and melting points are reported as function of x. Keywords: Bismuth; Selenium; Chalcogenides; Thermoelectric properties Synthese, kristallographische Untersuchung und Charakterisierung fester Lösungen von K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Inhaltsübersicht. Die Kristallstrukturen von ausgewählten Proben der festen Lösungen der thermoelektrischen Verbindungen K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x mit x 4, x 6 und x 10 wurden bestimmt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Art der Se/S-Masseschwankungen zu verstehen, wenn β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 mit isostrukturellem K 2 Bi 8 S 13 legiert wird. Die Details der K/Bi-Fehlordnung und der Se/S-Verteilung wurdenuntersucht. Gitterparameter, Halbleiterbandlücke und Schmelzpunkte werden in Abhängigkeit von x mitgeteilt. Introduction Ternary and quaternary compounds of bismuth chalcogenides [1] studies have shown that several multinary compounds containing alkali metals present promising thermoelectric properties. A promising material is β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 [2] because it possesses low thermal conductivity and relatively high power factor (defined as S 2 σ, σ is the electrical conductivity and S is the thermoelectric power). Doping studies on β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 have shown that the performance figure of merit can be substantially improved, mainly by raising the power factor [3]. Next is to explore whether additional improvements can be made by reducing the thermal conductivity by introducing structural disorder through K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions. All state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials are solid solutions between isostructural compounds (e.g. Bi 2-x Sb x Te 3,Bi 2 Te 3-x Se x etc). This is typically done in order to introduce mass fluctuation, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the materials. Alloying K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 with other isostructural compounds, K 2 Sb 8 Se 13, has been * Professor Dr. Mercouri G. Kanatzidis Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research Michigan State University East Lansing, MI / USA Fax: Int kanatzid@cem.msu.edu done and K 2 Bi 8-x Sb x Se 13 solid solutions [4] were studied with respect to their thermoelectric properties. Interestingly, from crystallographic studies we learned that the Bi/Sb distribution in the structure was non-uniform [5] and that the various metal sites in the structure were disproportionally affected. We also learned that a substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity is achieved. In this work, we focused on the Se sites of the structure and we synthesized the series of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions. The Se/S substitution was studied in detail to determine how the K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x system forms solid solutions, e.g. does it exhibit a random or selective distribution of S atoms over the Se atom sites. Lattice parameters, energy band gaps and melting points and their systematical variations are reported as function of x. Measurements of charge transport properties and thermal conductivities are in progress in order to study the potential of these materials for thermoelectric applications and will be reported elsewhere. Experimental Section Reagents Chemicals were used in this work were generously provided by Tellurex Inc. as obtained: bismuth chunks ( %); selenium shots ( %). Potassium chunks (98 % Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, WI), sulfur flowers (Columbus Chemical Industries, Inc, PO Box 8, Columbus, WI 53925) WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim DOI: /zaac Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629,
2 Studies and Characterization of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Solid Solutions Synthesis All manipulations were carried out under a dry nitrogen atmosphere in a Vacuum Atmospheres Dri-Lab glovebox. β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13. A mixture of potassium metal (0.282 g. 7.2 mmol), bismuth (6.021 g, 28.8 mmol) and selenium (3.697 g, 46.8 mmol) was loaded into a silica tube and subsequently flame-sealed at a residual pressure of <10 4 Torr. The mixture was heated to 850 C over 12 h and kept there for 1 h, followed by cooling to 450 C and kept there for 48 h and cooling at 50 C atarateof 15 C/h. K 2 Bi 8 S 13 : A mixture of potassium metal (0.361 g. 9.2 mmol), bismuth ( g mmol) and sulfur ( g mmol) was loaded into quartz tubes and subsequently flame-sealed at a residual pressure of <10 4 Torr. The mixture was heated to 850 C over 12 h and kept there for 1 h, followed by cooling to 50 C ata rate of 15 C/h. K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions: A mixture of potassium metal, bismuth, selenium and sulfur was loaded into quartz tubes and subsequently flame-sealed at a residual pressure of <10 4 Torr. For example K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x (x 6) was prepared by mixing g K (8.0 mmol), g Bi (32.2 mmol), g Se (28.1 mmol) and g S (24.0 mmol). The mixture was heated to 850 C over 12 h and kept there for 1 h, followed by cooling to 50 C atarate of 15 C/h. The members with x<4 were annealed at 500 C for 48 h. Electron Microscopy Quantitative microprobe analyses of the compounds were performed with a JEOL JSM-35C scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a Tracor Northern energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector. Data were acquired using an accelerating voltage of 20 kv and a 1 min accumulation time. Differential Thermal analysis Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed with a computer-controlled Shimadzu DTA-50 thermal analyzer. The ground single crystals ( 30 mg total mass) were sealed in quartz ampoules under vacuum. A quartz ampoule containing alumina of equal mass was sealed and placed on the reference side of the detector. The samples were heated to 850 C at 10 C/min and then isothermed for 5 min followed by cooling at 10 C/min to room temperature and repeated the cycle. The DTA sample was examined by powder X-ray diffraction after the experiment. Infrared and Solid State UV/Vis Spectroscopy Optical diffuse reflectance measurements were carried out on finely ground samples at room temperature. The spectra were recorded, in the infrared region ( cm 1 ), with the use of a Nicolet MAGNA-IR 750 Spectrometer equipped with a diffuse reflectance attachment from Spectra-Tech. Inc. In the nm region, optical diffuse reflectance measurements were also performed at room temperature in a Shimadzu UV-3101 PC double-beam, doublemonochromator spectrophotometer, equipped with an integrating sphere. The measurement of diffuse reflectivity can be used to obtain values for the band gap [1 2, 4] by using Kubelka-Munk [6] theory. Powder X-ray Diffraction The solid solutions were examined by X-ray powder diffraction to assess phase purity, for identification and determination of the lattice parameters. Powder patterns were obtained using a Rigaku Rotaflex powder X-ray diffractometer with Ni-filtered Cu Ka radiation operating at 45 kv and 100 ma. The data were collected at a rate of 2 /min. The purity of phases for the solid solutions was confirmed by comparison of the X-ray powder pattern to the calculated one from single crystal data for β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 using Cerius 2 software. The lattice parameters were determined using the experimental powder diffraction patterns and were refined with the program U-Fit [7]. Single-crystal X-ray Crystallography Intensity data from single crystals of selected members of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions were collected at room temperature on a Bruker SMART Platform CCD diffractometer. The individual frames were measured with an omega rotation of 0.3 deg and an acquisition time of 60 sec for the single crystal obtained from the member for x 4(I), 60 sec for the member x 6(II) and 30 sec for the member x 10 (III). The SMART software [8] was used for the data acquisition and SAINT [9] for data extraction and reduction.an analytical absorption correction was performed using the program XPREP in SAINT program package, followed by a semi-empirical absorption correction based on symmetrically equivalent reflections with the program SADABS. Structural solution and refinements were done successfully using the SHELXTL [10] package of crystallographic programs. The structures were solved with direct methods. After successful assignment of the high electron density peaks as Bi, K, and Se atoms, the displacement parameters and occupancy on each atomic site was examined. The refined occupancies of all chalcogenide sites which were first assigned to only Se atoms were low, indicating that lighter S atoms were definitely involved in these sites. The opposite was done for the S-rich x 10 member i.e. all sites initially were assigned to S atoms.thus, all these sites were refined with mixed Se and S occupancy. The refined occupancies of almost all heavy metal sites were assigned to Bi atoms. All K sites were successfully modeled with a disorder involving two additional Bi atoms. After successive refinements of the positions and occupancies of all atom sites, reasonable displacement parameters and occupancies were obtained, as well as very low residual electron densities. Because of the multiple positional disorder in many atom sites only Bi(1) to Bi(7) and all chalcogenide sites were anisotropically refined. The final formulae were refined as K 2.05 Bi 7.95 Se 8.89 S 4.11 for (I), K 2.02 Bi 7.99 Se 6.96 S 6.04 for (II) and K 2.03 Bi 7.98 Se 2.97 S for (III). The complete data collection parameters and details of the structure solution and refinements for the compounds are given in Table 1. The fractional coordinates and displacement parameters (U eq ) of all atoms with estimated standard deviations are given in Tables 2, 3 and 4. Selective atomic distances are given in Table 5. Results and Discussion Synthesis and thermal analysis K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions were prepared by reacting stoichiometric combinations of potassium metal, bismuth, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, zaac.wiley-vch.de 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2223
3 T. Kyratsi, M. G. Kanatzidis Table 1 Summary of Crystallographic Data and Structural Analysis for the compound (I) (x 4.0), (II) (x 6) and s (III) (x 10) of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solution. a) refined formula K 2.05 Bi 7.97 Se 8.89 S 4.11 K 2.02 Bi 7.99 Se 6.96 S 6.04 K 2.03 Bi 7.98 Se 2.97 S formula weight crystal habit black needle black needle black needle crystal size, mm x x x x x x space group P2 1 /m (No. 11) P2 1 /m (No. 11) P2 1 /m (No. 11) a, Å (5) (34) (3) b, Å (11) (8) (8) c, Å (5) (36) (4) β, deg (5) (32) (4) Z; V, Å 3 2; (6) 2; (12) 2; (4) D calc, gcm temp, K 293(2) 293(2) 293(2) λ(mo K α ), Å absorption coefficient, mm F(000) θ min θ max, deg index ranges 24 h 24, 5 k 5, 24 l h 24, 5 k 5, 25 l h 21, 5 k 5, 24 l 22 total reflections collected independent reflections 4170 [R(int) ] 4105 [R(int) ] 3871 [R(int) ] refinement method full-matrix full-matrix full-matrix least-squares on F 2 least-squares on F 2 least-squares on F 2 data / restraints / parameters 4170 / 3/ / 3/ / 3/ 170 final R indices R R , R [I>2σ(I)] wr wr wr R indices (all data) R R , R wr wr wr largest diff. peak and hole, ea and and and goodness-of-fit on F R 1 Σ F o F c /Σ F o wr 2 {Σ[w(F o 2 F c 2 ) 2 ]/Σ[w(F o 2 ) 2 ]} 1/2 a) Further details of the crystal structure investigations may be obtained from the Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe, D Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (fax: ( 49) ; crysdata@fiz-karlsruhe.de) on quoting numbers CSD , CSD and CSD selenium and sulfur, at 850 C. The solid solutions with higher sulfur content (x 4) were formed easily as pure phases. For x < 4 an annealing step at 500 C for 48 h was required in order to achieve pure products, and to avoid an impurity with the K 2.5 Bi 8.5 Se 14 -type structure [11] (>20 %). This behavior is similar to that of β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 that also requires an annealing treatment. Differential thermal analysis shows one endothermic peak during heating that corresponds to melting followed by a sharp exothermic peak which is due to crystallization, Figure 1a. The melting points of β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 and K 2 Bi 8 S 13 were measured to be 700 and 710 C, respectively. All solid solution members showed similar melting points, see Figure 1b, while mild eutectic is observed. Structural description A detailed single crystal crystallographic analysis was performed on the solid solution K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x members with x 4(I), 6 (II) and 10 (III) in order to examine the distribution of Se/S atoms in the structure. The structural model is the same as β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13, with smaller cell parameters due to smaller S atoms involved, see Table 1. In this structure type, Bi 2 Te 3 -type rods are arranged side by side to form layers perpendicular to the c-axis.then infinite rods of NaCl-type connect the layers to build a 3-D framework, which creates the needle-like crystal morphology, with tunnels filled with K cations, see Figure 2. All three members of the solid solutions exhibit the same atomic arrangements and disordering behavior. The coordination environment of the heavy metal atoms (Bi(1)-Bi(7)) in the NaCl- and Bi 2 Te 3 -type units are distorted octahedral with reasonable thermal parameters. Their Bi-Q distances vary from 2.634(3) to 3.200(3) Å (Q S, Se). Bi(8)/K(3) and K(1)/Bi(9) sites that serve as the connecting points between the two different type blocks (NaCland Bi 2 Te 3 -type) are disordered with K and Bi atoms. The Bi(8)/K(3) site is occupied by 53 % for K for all members of the series studied here, while the occupancies of Bi(9)/ K(1) differed for different members. The K atom fraction on the Bi(9)/K(1) site occupancy increases systematically from 65 % to 67 % and 72 % when the S concentration increases from x 4 to 6 and 10 respectively. For the end members the K occupancy in these positions is 62 % and 80 % for the Se-end [2] and S-end [12] member, respectively. Even though the K(2) site is similar to that of Bi(8)/K(3) and Bi(9)/K(1) in the K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 -end member structure this site involves only K atoms. However, in the solid solutions this site required the inclusion of two Bi atoms (Bi(21) and Bi(22)) for successful modeling of the X-ray data and also to achieve charge balance. The occupancy of Bi on the K(2) site increases in going from the Se-end member to S-end member going from 13 %, 18 % and 23 % Bi contribution when x is 4, 6 and 10, respectively. The K 2 Bi 8 S 13 -end member also has 20 % Bi involved in the same site [12]. The local coordination environment of this site is tricapped trigonal WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim zaac.wiley-vch.de Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629,
4 Studies and Characterization of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Solid Solutions Table 2 Atomic coordinates (x 10 4 ), equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å 2 x10 3 ), and occupancies for the compound (I) (x 4) of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solution x y z U(eq) Occ Bi(1) 5818(1) 1/4 9214(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(2) 6722(1) 3/ (1) 21(1) 1 Bi(3) 8281(1) 1/4 9798(1) 20(1) 1 Bi(4) 6067(1) 1/ (1) 26(1) 1 Bi(5) 8039(1) 3/ (1) 21(1) 1 Bi(6) 5125(1) 1/ (1) 23(1) 1 Bi(7) 10070(1) 1/ (1) 23(1) 1 Se(1) 4820(2) 1/ (2) 21(1) 0.812(19) S(1) 4820(2) 1/ (2) 21(1) 0.188(19) Se(7) 6036(2) 1/4 7751(2) 25(1) 0.66(2) S(7) 6036(2) 1/4 7751(2) 25(1) 0.34(2) Se(3) 6934(2) 3/4 9424(2) 22(1) 0.731(19) S(3) 6934(2) 3/4 9424(2) 22(1) 0.269(19) Se(4) 11074(3) 1/ (3) 27(2) 0.41(2) S(4) 11074(3) 1/ (3) 27(2) 0.59(2) Se(5) 6901(2) 3/ (2) 23(1) 0.63(2) S(5) 6901(2) 3/ (2) 23(1) 0.37(2) Se(6) 7282(2) 1/ (2) 22(1) 0.747(19) S(6) 7282(2) 1/ (2) 22(1) 0.253(19) Se(2) 5416(2) 1/ (2) 18(1) 0.664(19) S(2) 5416(2) 1/ (2) 18(1) 0.336(19) Se(8) 6302(2) 3/ (2) 19(1) 0.702(18) S(8) 6302(2) 3/ (2) 19(1) 0.298(18) Se(9) 8678(3) 1/4 8376(3) 26(2) 0.251(19) S(9) 8678(3) 1/4 8376(3) 26(2) 0.749(19) Se(10) 9271(2) 3/ (2) 24(1) 0.93(2) S(10) 9271(2) 3/ (2) 24(1) 0.07(2) Se(11) 9211(2) 3/ (2) 24(1) 0.786(19) S(11) 9211(2) 3/ (2) 24(1) 0.214(19) Se(12) 7773(2) 1/ (2) 25(1) 0.89(2) S(12) 7773(2) 1/ (2) 25(1) 0.11(2) Se(13) 11064(2) 3/ (2) 28(1) 0.68(2) S(13) 11064(2) 3/ (2) 28(1) 0.32(2) Bi(8) 8039(4) 1/ (10) 21(2) 0.32(4) K(3) 7676(12) 1/ (9) 29(3) 0.526(13) Bi(81) 8044(6) 1/ (20) 21(4) 0.16(4) Bi(9) 7930(9) 3/4 7832(7) 21(3) 0.177(15) K(1) 7496(9) 3/4 7700(8) 33(3) 0.654(13) Bi(91) 7730(8) 3/4 7992(8) 15(3) 0.167(16) K(2) 10199(6) 3/ (5) 40(2) 0.870(11) Bi(21) 9700(17) 3/ (40) 22(9) 0.07(3) Bi(22) 9630(30) 3/ (50) 30(11) 0.06(3) U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor. Table 3 Atomic coordinates (x 10 4 ), equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å 2 x10 3 ), and occupancies for the compound (II) (x 6) of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solution x y z U(eq) Occ Bi(1) 5816(1) 1/4 782(1) 22(1) 1 Bi(2) 6718(1) 3/4 1237(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(3) 8278(1) 1/4 205(1) 20(1) 1 Bi(4) 6069(1) 1/4 4786(1) 26(1) 1 Bi(5) 8042(1) 3/4 4546(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(6) 4879(1) 3/4 2510(1) 24(1) 1 Bi(7) 10076(1) 1/4 3871(1) 24(1) 1 Se(1) 5187(1) 3/4 4053(1) 24(1) 0.722(10) S(1) 5187(1) 3/4 4053(1) 24(1) 0.278(10) Se(2) 4582(1) 3/4 925(1) 19(1) 0.476(10) S(2) 4582(1) 3/4 925(1) 19(1) 0.524(10) Se(3) 6929(1) 3/4 579(1) 24(1) 0.617(10) S(3) 6929(1) 3/4 579(1) 24(1) 0.383(10) Se(4) 11073(1) 1/4 2758(1) 27(1) 0.286(9) S(4) 11073(1) 1/4 2758(1) 27(1) 0.714(9) Se(5) 6908(1) 1/4 5586(1) 24(1) 0.438(10) S(5) 6908(1) 1/4 5586(1) 24(1) 0.562(10) Se(6) 7282(1) 1/4 3744(1) 23(1) 0.591(9) S(6) 7282(1) 1/4 3744(1) 23(1) 0.409(9) Se(7) 6036(1) 1/4 2240(1) 22(1) 0.430(9) S(7) 6036(1) 1/4 2240(1) 22(1) 0.570(9) Se(8) 6296(1) 3/4 2663(1) 21(1) 0.562(9) S(8) 6296(1) 3/4 2663(1) 21(1) 0.438(9) Se(9) 11320(2) 3/4 1628(1) 28(1) 0.169(9) S(9) 11320(2) 3/4 1628(1) 28(1) 0.831(9) Se(10) 9270(1) 3/4 107(1) 23(1) 0.817(9) S(10) 9270(1) 3/4 107(1) 23(1) 0.183(9) Se(11) 9220(1) 3/4 3216(1) 26(1) 0.649(9) S(11) 9220(1) 3/4 3216(1) 26(1) 0.351(9) Se(12) 7770(1) 1/4 1476(1) 24(1) 0.756(9) S(12) 7770(1) 1/4 1476(1) 24(1) 0.244(9) Se(13) 8933(1) 1/4 5366(1) 27(1) 0.449(10) S(13) 8933(1) 1/4 5366(1) 27(1) 0.551(10) Bi(8) 8035(2) 1/4 3301(5) 22(1) 0.275(18) Bi(81) 8034(2) 1/4 3127(7) 23(1) 0.215(17) K(3) 7675(5) 1/4 3278(4) 28(2) 0.520(11) K(1) 12505(4) 1/4 2339(3) 34(1) 0.673(10) Bi(9) 12270(3) 1/4 2019(3) 24(1) 0.191(7) Bi(91) 12052(5) 1/4 2186(4) 21(2) 0.132(6) K(2) 9804(3) 1/4 1576(2) 35(1) 0.827(9) Bi(21) 10309(3) 1/4 1765(6) 24(2) 0.114(6) Bi(22) 10350(6) 1/4 1502(13) 30(4) 0.062(6) U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor. prismatic involving 9 chalcogen atoms. This increase of Bi occupancy in this K(2) site is due to the decrease in cage size as one moves from K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 to K 2 Bi 8 S 13 and the unit cell becomes smaller. The smaller the cage size, favors the small Bi 3 ions. All chalcogenide sites were mixed occupied by Se and S. Q(4) and Q(9) sites seem to have somewhat more preference to the S atoms, while Q(10), Q(11) and Q(12) to the Se atoms. All these sites are involved in the K(2) coordination environment while Q(4) and Q(9) are sited between this and the other K/Bi disordered sites. The remaining sites do not seem to have any preference to the atoms involved. In general the present study shows that the K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions have a nearly random Se/S distribution. This is not what was observed in solid solutions of the type K 2 Bi 8-x Sb x Se 13. The local environment of the heavy metal sites (e.g. size and coordination number) has strong influence on the type of atoms that are attracted to those sites. This makes it difficult to create materials with a totally random Bi/Sb distribution. The K/Bi substitution is expected to have a noticeable impact in the electronic properties of these systems given the large differences in the nature of K- Q vs Bi-Q bonding. The former is ionic in nature and is likely to contribute to carrier scattering from the hard K ions, whereas the latter is covalent and is expected to facilitate carrier transport [13]. The K/Bi disorder on the different crystallographic sites is also expected to affect the charge-transport properties by creating additional energy levels in the gap [13]. Lattice parameters The lattice parameters of selected members of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions were determined using the experimental X-ray powder diffraction patterns and were refined with the program U-Fit, see Table 6. Since smaller atoms substitute Se when x increases, the powder pattern peaks shift to higher 2θ angles (Figure 3a) and smaller unit cell volume is expected.the composition dependence of the unit cell volumes is shown in Figure 3b, where the volume decreases with the introduction of S in the structure. The data seem to follow Vegard s law, which is typical behavior for solid solutions. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, zaac.wiley-vch.de 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2225
5 T. Kyratsi, M. G. Kanatzidis Table 4 Atomic coordinates (x 10 4 ), equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å 2 x10 3 ), and occupancies for the compound (III) (x 10) of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solution x y z U(eq) Occ Bi(1) 5820(1) 1/4 9222(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(2) 6718(1) 3/ (1) 20(1) 1 Bi(3) 8277(1) 1/4 9793(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(4) 6068(1) 1/4 5217(1) 25(1) 1 Bi(5) 8051(1) 3/4 5445(1) 21(1) 1 Bi(6) 4876(1) 3/4 7476(1) 23(1) 1 Bi(7) 10084(1) 1/4 6134(1) 24(1) 1 S(3) 6923(2) 3/4 9418(2) 24(1) 0.758(13) Se(3) 6923(2) 3/4 9418(2) 24(1) 0.242(13) S(12) 7768(1) 1/ (2) 26(1) 0.591(12) Se(12) 7768(1) 1/ (2) 26(1) 0.409(12) S(7) 6021(2) 1/4 7768(2) 23(1) 0.830(13) Se(7) 6021(2) 1/4 7768(2) 23(1) 0.170(13) S(2) 5412(2) 1/ (2) 22(1) 0.812(14) Se(2) 5412(2) 1/ (2) 22(1) 0.188(14) S(5) 6911(2) 3/4 4425(2) 25(1) 0.859(13) Se(5) 6911(2) 3/4 4425(2) 25(1) 0.141(13) S(8) 6301(2) 3/ (2) 23(1) 0.768(12) Se(8) 6301(2) 3/ (2) 23(1) 0.232(12) S(4) 11076(2) 1/4 7248(2) 27(1) 0.900(12) Se(4) 11076(2) 1/4 7248(2) 27(1) 0.100(12) S(13) 8916(2) 1/4 4620(2) 27(1) 0.887(14) Se(13) 8916(2) 1/4 4620(2) 27(1) 0.113(14) S(1) 5197(2) 3/4 5946(2) 24(1) 0.693(13) Se(1) 5197(2) 3/4 5946(2) 24(1) 0.307(13) S(10) 9263(1) 3/ (1) 24(1) 0.533(12) Se(10) 9263(1) 3/ (1) 24(1) 0.467(12) S(11) 9233(2) 3/4 6787(2) 27(1) 0.677(13) Se(11) 9233(2) 3/4 6787(2) 27(1) 0.323(13) S(6) 7287(2) 1/4 6238(2) 24(1) 0.766(13) Se(6) 7287(2) 1/4 6238(2) 24(1) 0.234(13) S(9) 8691(2) 1/4 8372(2) 27(1) 0.956(13) Se(9) 8691(2) 1/4 8372(2) 27(1) 0.044(13) Bi(8) 8005(2) 1/4 3296(5) 21(1) 0.264(15) K(3) 7661(7) 1/4 3272(5) 31(2) 0.536(12) Bi(81) 8011(2) 1/4 3094(6) 20(1) 0.221(14) Bi(9) 7724(4) 3/4 7982(5) 23(2) 0.154(7) K(1) 7493(4) 3/4 7648(4) 31(1) 0.723(11) Bi(91) 7937(6) 3/4 7788(5) 20(2) 0.115(7) K(2) 10203(4) 3/4 8433(3) 37(2) 0.765(10) Bi(21) 9707(3) 3/4 8244(5) 26(2) 0.154(6) Bi(22) 9657(5) 3/4 8542(9) 24(3) 0.077(6) U(eq) is defined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor. Table 5 The Selective Atomic Distances /Å for the Compound (x 4) (I), (x 6) (II) and (x 10) (III) (I) (II) (III) Bi(1)-Q(7) 2.709(4) Bi(1)-Q(7) 2.681(2) Bi(1)-Q(7) 2.634(3) Bi(1)-Q(3) 2.865(2) Bi(1)-Q(3) (12) Bi(1)-Q(3) (19) Bi(1)-Q(2) 2.991(3) Bi(1)-Q(2) (14) Bi(1)-Q(2) 2.938(2) Bi(2)-Q(8) 2.716(3) Bi(2)-Q(8) (18) Bi(2)-Q(8) 2.645(3) Bi(2)-Q(12) 2.797(2) Bi(2)-Q(12) (11) Bi(2)-Q(12) (17) Bi(3)-Q(9) 2.698(5) Bi(3)-Q(9) 2.680(3) Bi(2)-Q(2) 3.061(2) Bi(3)-Q(10) 2.752(2) Bi(3)-Q(10) (10) Bi(3)-Q(9) 2.650(4) Bi(3)-Q(12) 3.200(3) Bi(3)-Q(12) (17) Bi(3)-Q(10) (15) Bi(4)-Q(6) 2.837(4) Bi(4)-Q(6) (18) Bi(3)-Q(3) 3.147(2) Bi(4)-Q(5) 2.930(3) Bi(4)-Q(5) (15) Bi(4)-Q(6) 2.763(3) Bi(4)-Q(1) 3.039(4) Bi(4)-Q(1) (16) Bi(4)-Q(1) (19) Bi(5)-Q(5) 2.746(4) Bi(5)-Q(5) 2.725(2) Bi(4)-Q(5) 2.875(2) Bi(5)-Q(6) 2.863(2) Bi(5)-Q(6) (12) Bi(4)-Q(1) 2.990(3) Bi(5)-Q(11) 3.159(4) Bi(5)-Q(11) (18) Bi(5)-Q(5) 2.662(3) Bi(6)-Q(1) 2.872(3) Bi(6)-Q(1) (16) Bi(5)-Q(6) 2.810(2) Bi(6)-Q(8) 2.925(3) Bi(6)-Q(8) (13) Bi(5)-Q(13) 2.922(2) Bi(6)-Q(7) 2.931(3) Bi(6)-Q(7) (15) Bi(5)-Q(11) 3.132(3) Bi(6)-Q(2) 2.959(3) Bi(6)-Q(2) (18) Bi(6)-Q(1) 2.804(3) Bi(7)-Q(4) 2.686(5) Bi(7)-Q(4) 2.660(2) Bi(6)-Q(8) 2.867(2) Bi(7)-Q(11) 2.827(2) Bi(7)-Q(11) (12) Bi(6)-Q(7) 2.867(2) Bi(7)-Q(13) 3.047(3) Bi(7)-Q(13) (15) Bi(6)-Q(2) 2.891(3) Bi(8)-Q(4) 2.763(8) Bi(8)-Q(4) 2.760(4) Bi(7)-Q(4) 2.612(4) Bi(8)-Q(13) 2.929(17) Bi(8)-Q(13) 2.879(9) Bi(7)-Q(11) (19) Bi(81)-Q(4) 2.659(12) Bi(81)-Q(4) 2.664(4) Bi(7)-Q(13) 2.985(2) Bi(9)-Q(9) 2.642(7) Bi(9)-Q(9) 2.733(3) Bi(8)-Q(4) 2.753(5) Bi(9)-Q(11) 2.94(2) Bi(9)-Q(3) 2.961(7) K(3)-Q(4) 3.109(9) K(1)-Q(9) 3.168(13) K(1)-Q(9) 3.184(6) K(3)-Q(5) 3.178(8) K(1)-Q(7) 3.276(12) K(1)-Q(7) 3.262(5) Bi(81)-Q(4) 2.639(4) K(1)-Q(3) 3.310(14) K(1)-Q(6) 3.308(5) Bi(81)-Q(12) 2.931(11) Bi(91)-Q(9) 2.739(8) Bi(91)-Q(9) 2.628(3) K(1)-Q(9) 3.160(6) Bi(91)-Q(3) 2.969(18) Bi(91)-Q(11) 2.884(10) K(1)-Q(7) 3.238(6) K(2)-Q(4) 3.354(8) K(2)-Q(4) 3.344(4) K(1)-Q(6) 3.271(6) K(2)-Q(9) 3.359(9) K(2)-Q(9) 3.336(4) Bi(9)-Q(9) 2.712(5) K(2)-Q(11) 3.448(11) K(2)-Q(11) 3.428(5) Bi(91)-Q(9) 2.628(4) Bi(21)-Q(11) 2.75(6) Bi(21)-Q(11) 2.764(11) Bi(91)-Q(11) 2.850(12) Bi(21)-Q(9) 3.15(3) Bi(21)-Q(9) 2.717(4) K(2)-Q(4) 3.304(5) Bi(22)-Q(9) 2.65(3) Bi(22)-Q(9) 2.671(7) K(2)-Q(9) 3.284(6) Bi(22)-Q(11) 3.06(9) Bi(22)-Q(11) 3.21(2) Bi(21)-Q(9) 2.684(4) Bi(22)-Q(10) 3.18(10) Bi(22)-Q(10) 3.00(2) Bi(22)-Q(9) 2.637(6) Energy gap dependence on concentration The energy gaps, E g, of the end-members and solid solutions were determined optically at room temperature using mid and near infrared spectroscopy. The energy gaps were clearly observable as well-defined and abrupt changes in the absorption coefficient. Band gaps of 0.59 and 0.97 ev were obtained for K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 and K 2 Bi 8 S 13, respectively. Figure 4a shows the absorption spectra of the member x 6 with a band gap of 0.64 ev. The incorporation of S in the K 2 Bi 8 Se 13, which is smaller and possesses lower energy atomic orbitals than Se, should lead to wider energy gap by raising the conduction bands and lowering the valence band. This is consistent with the experimental data where the band gaps increase with increasing x values, see Figure 4b. The band gap variation of the solid solutions shows a quadratic dependence [14] on the composition x, which is common in many semiconducting solid solutions: E g z E g,s (1-z) E g,se b z (1-z) E g,se and E g,s are the band gaps for Se- and S-end members, respectively and the fraction z x/13. The factor b, known as bowing factor, is characteristic of a particular solid solution series. Studies on other systems [15] show that the bowing factor is related to the band structure deformation due to the unit cell volume change, the difference in electronegativity of the substituted atoms, the difference of the anioncation bond lengths. The bowing factor here is b 0.44 ev. In our case the K/Bi disorder is also involved [13] in the band gap formation thus in the bowing factor. This behavior is very different from the observed variation in the K 2 Bi 8-x Sb x Se 13 solid solution series where the trend in band gaps showed an anomalous minimum at low Sb concentrations. This is associated with the strong preference of Sb to substitute for specific K-containing sites in the structure essentially avoiding the formation of a solid solution phase. Such strong preferences are not observed in the K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x materials. Conclusions Solid solutions of the type K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x have the β- K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 structure type with same atomic arrangements and disordering behavior. The Se/S distribution was studied WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim zaac.wiley-vch.de Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629,
6 Studies and Characterization of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 x S x Solid Solutions Figure 1 (a) Typical DTA of x 10 member (b) Melting points of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions versus x. Figure 3 (a) Powder X-ray diffraction for β-k 2 Bi 8 Se 13 and K 2 Bi 8 S 13. The shift of the peaks is clear especially at higher 2θ angles for K 2 Bi 8 S 13.(b) Unit cell volume in Å 3 of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions versus x. Table 6 Refined unit cell parameters for K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions. x a/å b/å c/å β/deg V/Å Figure 2 Structure of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions. for several numbers in detail and the formation of true solid solutions was observed. This is in contrast to the K 2 Bi 8-x Sb x Se 13 solid solutions where the Bi/Sb distribution Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, zaac.wiley-vch.de 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2227
7 T. Kyratsi, M. G. Kanatzidis increase with x following a common quadratic variation while the lattice parameters follow Vegard s law. Measurements of charge transport properties and thermal conductivities are in progress and will be reported elsewhere. Acknowledgments. Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N ) and ONR-DARPA is gratefully acknowledged. The work made use of the SEM facilities of the Center for Electron Optics at Michigan State University. MGK thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a fellowship. Figure 4 (a) Absorption spectrum of K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x for x 6. The band gap is 0.64 ev. (b) Variation of band gap in K 2 Bi 8 Se 13-x S x solid solutions versus is non-uniform particularly at low x. The smaller unit cell size of the solid solutions reduce the size of the tunnels that host the K ions in the original structure allowing Bi atoms to be involved on these sites. At the same time the K fraction rises on a different site (Bi(9)/K(1)) that compensates electronically and maintain charge balance. This situation represents an excellent example of well defined anti site K, Bi defects and could cause profound changes in the electric properties of the solid solutions by creating additional energy levels in the gap. The band gaps of the solid solutions References [1] (a) M. G. Kanatzidis, Semiconductors and Semimetals, 2000, 69, p. 51 (b) D.-Y. Chung, L. Iordanidis, K.-S. Choi, M. G. Kanatzidis, Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc. 1998, 19, [2] D.-Y. Chung, K.-S. Choi, L. Iordanidis, J. L. Schindler, P. M. Brazis, C. R. Kannewurf, B. Chen, S. Hu, C. Uher, M. G. Kanatzidis, Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, [3] P. W. Brazis, M. Rocci-Lane, J. R. Ireland, D.-Y. Chung, M. G. Kanatzidis, C. R. Kannewurf, Proceedings of the 18 th International Conference on Thermoelectrics, 619 (1999). [4] Th. Kyratsi, J. S. Dyck, W. Chen, D.-Y. Chung, C. Uher, K. M. Paraskevopoulos, M. G. Kanatzidis, J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 965. [5] Th. Kyratsi, D.-Y. Chung, M. G. Kanatzidis, J. Alloys Compds. 2002, 338, 36. [6] (a) W. W. Wendlandt, H. G. Hecht, Reflectance Spectroscopy; Interscience Publishers: New York, 1966; (b) G. Kortüm, Reflectance Spectroscopy; Springer-Verlag, New York, 1969; (c) S. P. Tandon, J. P. Gupta, Phys. Status Solidi 1970, 38, 363. [7] M. Evain, U-Fit: A cell parameter refinement program, Institut des Materiaux de Nantes, Nantes, France (1992). [8] SMART: 1994, Siemens Analytical X-ray Systems, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin USA. [9] SAINT: Version 4, , Siemens Analytical Xray Systems, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin USA. [10] SHELXTL: Version 5, 1994, G. M. Sheldrick, Siemens Analytical X-ray Systems, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin USA. [11] K 2.5 Bi 8.5 Se 14 can be easily form by the direct combination of the elements while attempts to form the S analogue (K 2.5 Bi 8.5 S 14 ) were not successful. [12] M. G. Kanatzidis, T. J. McCarthy, T. A. Tanzer, L.-H. Chen, L. Iordanidis, T. Hogan, C. R. Kannewurf, C. Uher, B. Chen, Chem. Mat. 1996, 8, [13] D. Bilc, S. D. Mahanti, M. G. Kanatzidis, P. Larson, submitted for publication. [14] J. A. Van Vechten, T. K. Bergstresser, Phys.Rev.B1970, 1, [15] (a) M. Ferhat, F. Bechstedt, Phys. Rev. B 2002, 65, ; (b) Y.-M. Yu, S. Nam, B. O, K.-S. Lee, Y. D. Choi, J. Lee, P. Y. Yu, Applied Surface Science 2001, 182, 159; (c) R. Venugopal, B. K. Reddy, D. R. Reddy, Opt. Mat. 2001, 17, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim zaac.wiley-vch.de Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629,
Thermoelectric Properties and Site-Selective Rb + /K + Distribution in the K 2-x Rb x Bi 8 Se 13 Series
Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 3035-3040 3035 Thermoelectric Properties and Site-Selective Rb + /K + Distribution in the K 2-x Rb x Bi 8 Se 13 Series Theodora Kyratsi, Duck-Young Chung, John R. Ireland, Carl R.
More informationAntje Mrotzek 1, Tim Hogan 2 and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis 1, * 1
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 691 2002 Materials Research Society Search for New Thermoelectric Materials through Exploratory Solid State Chemistry. The Quaternary Phases A 1+x M 3-2x Bi 7+x Se 14, A
More informationSynthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of AgBi 3 S 5
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 793 2004 Materials Research Society S8.6.1 Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of AgBi 3 S 5 Jun-Ho Kim 1, Daniel Bilc 2, Sim Loo 3, Jarrod Short 3, S. D. Mahanti 2,
More informationHighly anisotropic crystal growth and thermoelectric properties of K 2 Bi 8Àx Sb x Se 13 solid solutions: Band gap anomaly at low x
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 92, NUMBER 2 15 JULY 2002 Highly anisotropic crystal growth and thermoelectric properties of K 2 Bi 8Àx Sb x Se 13 solid solutions: Band gap anomaly at low x Theodora
More informationSupporting Information. for. Advanced Materials, adma Wiley-VCH 2007
Supporting Information for Advanced Materials, adma.200701772 Wiley-VCH 2007 69451 Weinheim, Germany Supporting Information Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s as a New Class of Piezochromic Fluorophores Jill
More informationGeneration Response. (Supporting Information: 14 pages)
Cs 4 Mo 5 P 2 O 22 : A First Strandberg-Type POM with 1D straight chains of polymerized [Mo 5 P 2 O 23 ] 6- units and Moderate Second Harmonic Generation Response (Supporting Information: 14 pages) Ying
More informationBrian T. Makowski, a Joseph Lott, a Brent Valle, b Kenneth D. Singer b* and Christoph Weder a,c*
Brian T. Makowski, a Joseph Lott, a Brent Valle, b Kenneth D. Singer b* and Christoph Weder a,c* a Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and b Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve
More informationSupporting Information for
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information for Na 3 Ca 4 (TeO 3 )(PO 4 ) 3 : New Noncentrosymmetric Tellurite
More informationSupporting Information. Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties
Supporting Information Multifunctional Open-Framework Zinc Phosphate C 12 H 14 N 2 [Zn 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 )(H 2 O) 2 ]: Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties Junbiao Wu, Yan Yan, Bingkun
More informationA7.1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF
Appendix 7 X-ray Crystallography Reports Relevant to Chapter 2 326 APPENDIX 7 X-ray Crystallography Reports Relevant to Chapter 2 A7.1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF 240 240 Note: The crystallographic data
More informationA Stable Super-Supertetrahedron with Infinite Order via. Assembly of Supertetrahedral T4 Zinc-Indium Sulfide Clusters
Supporting Information for A Stable Super-Supertetrahedron with Infinite Order via Assembly of Supertetrahedral T4 Zinc-Indium Sulfide Clusters Li Zhang, Chaozhuang Xue, Wei Wang, Dandan Hu, Jing Lv, Dongsheng
More informationSupplementary Figure S1 A comparison between the indium trimer in ITC-n and nickel trimer in ITC-n-Ni.
Supplementary Figure S1 A comparison between the indium trimer in ITC-n and nickel trimer in ITC-n-Ni. Supplementary Figure S2 Powder XRD and the simulation pattern of (a) ITC-1, (b) ITC-2, ITC-2NH 2 and
More informationA Designed 3D Porous Hydrogen-Bonding Network Based on a Metal-Organic Polyhedron
Supporting Information A Designed 3D Porous Hydrogen-Bonding Network Based on a Metal-Organic Polyhedron Wei Wei,*, Wanlong Li, Xingzhu Wang, Jieya He Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University,
More informationA new polymorph of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid obtained
Supporting information Volume 71 (2015) Supporting information for article: A new polymorph of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid obtained during failed co-crystallization experiments Qi Zhang, Meiqi Li and Xuefeng
More informationChiral Structure of Thiolate-Protected 28-Gold-Atom Nanocluster Determined by X-ray Crystallography
Supporting information Chiral Structure of Thiolate-Protected 28-Gold-Atom Nanocluster Determined by X-ray Crystallography Chenjie Zeng, Tao Li, Anindita Das, Nathaniel L. Rosi, and Rongchao Jin *, Department
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. Jian-Rong Wang, Junjie Bao, Xiaowu Fan, Wenjuan Dai and Xuefeng Mei *
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Electronic Supplementary Information ph-switchable vitamin B 9 gels for stoichiometry-controlled
More informationCharacterization and strong piezoelectric response of an. organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: CdHg(SCN) 4 (C 2 H 6 SO) 2
Supplementary Information Characterization and strong piezoelectric response of an organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: CdHg(SCN) 4 (C 2 H 6 SO) 2 Xitao Liu, Xinqiang Wang *, Xin Yin, Shaojun Zhang,
More informationAppendix A. X-ray Crystal Structure of methyl 3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylate
120 Appendix A X-ray Crystal Structure of methyl 3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylate X-ray crystallographic diffraction, data collection and data work-up run by Dr. Michael W. Day at the X-Ray Crystallography
More informationDepartment of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program,
Supporting Information for the Design and Synthesis of a Series of Nitrogen-rich Energetic Cocrystals of 5,5 -dinitro-2h,2h -3,3 -bi-1,2,4- triazole (DNBT) Jonathan C. Bennion, Andrew McBain, Steven F.
More informationmetal-organic compounds
metal-organic compounds Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online ISSN 1600-5368 Tetrakis(1-allyl-1H-imidazole-jN 3 )bis- (thiocyanato-jn)manganese(ii) Juan Zhao a * and Yan-Ling Jin b
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information Ba 3 B 10 O 17 Br 2 : A New Barium Borate Halide
More informationCrystallization study of Te Bi Se glasses
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 5, August 2003, pp. 547 551. Indian Academy of Sciences. Crystallization study of Te Bi Se glasses MANISH SAXENA* and P K BHATNAGAR Department of Sciences and Humanities,
More informationSupplementary Document: Si-Based Earth Abundant Clathrates for Solar Energy Conversion
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Document: Si-Based Earth Abundant Clathrates for Solar Energy Conversion Yuping He,
More informationCHAPTER 4. SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINIUM SELENIDE (Al 2 Se 3 ) NANO PARTICLES, DEPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION
40 CHAPTER 4 SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINIUM SELENIDE (Al 2 Se 3 ) NANO PARTICLES, DEPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION Aluminium selenide is the chemical compound Al 2 Se 3 and has been used as a precursor
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/5/e1603171/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Carbon dots in zeolites: A new class of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials with ultralong lifetimes
More informationRuthenium-catalyzed Olefin Metathesis Accelerated by Steric Effect of Backbone Substituent in Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes
Electronic Supplementary Information for Ruthenium-catalyzed Olefin Metathesis Accelerated by Steric Effect of Backbone Substituent in Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes Jun Zhang,* a Shangfei Song, a Xiao
More informationExperimental. Crystal data. M r = Hexagonal, P6 3 =mmc a = (11) Å c = (7) Å V = (5) Å 3. Data collection.
inorganic compounds Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online ISSN 1600-5368 Cs 10 Ta 29.27 O 78 Martin Zeuner, Alexander Hofer and Wolfgang Schnick* Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Two-Dimensional Organic Single Crystals with Scale Regulated, Phase Switchable, Polymorphism-Dependent and Amplified Spontaneous Emission Properties Zhenyu Zhang, Xiaoxian Song,
More informationSupplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. Solid-state single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a 2D
Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications Solid-state single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a 2D layer to a 3D framework mediated by lattice iodine release Yuan-Chun He, a
More informationNb 2 O 2 F 3 : A Reduced Niobium (III/IV) Oxyfluoride. with a Complex Structural, Magnetic and Electronic. Phase Transition
Supporting Information for: Nb 2 O 2 F 3 : A Reduced Niobium (III/IV) Oxyfluoride with a Complex Structural, Magnetic and Electronic Phase Transition T. Thao Tran,, Melissa Gooch,, Bernd Lorenz,, Alexander
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Mechanochromism and aggregation induced emission in benzothiazole substituted
More informationA pcu-type Metal-Organic Framework with Spindle [Zn 7 (OH) 8 ] 6+ Cluster as Secondary Building Units
A pcu-type Metal-Organic Framework with Spindle [Zn 7 (OH) 8 ] 6+ Cluster as Secondary Building Units Jian-Rong Li, Ying Tao, Qun Yu and Xian-He Bu* Materials, methods and synthesis All the reagents for
More informationELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry C. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 17 Design of Yb 3+ optical bandwidths by crystallographic modification of disordered
More informationThe effect of metal distribution on the luminescence properties of mixedlanthanide metal-organic frameworks
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 The effect of metal distribution on the luminescence properties of mixedlanthanide metal-organic
More informationGrowth of bulk single crystals β-fesi 2 by chemical vapour deposition
Vol. 46 No. 1 SCIENCE IN CHINA (Series G) February 2003 Growth of bulk single crystals β-fesi 2 by chemical vapour deposition LI Yanchun ( ) 1,2, SUN Liling ( ) 1,3,CAOLimin( ) 1, ZHAO Jianhua ( ) 2,WANGHaiyan(
More informationSupporting Information for
Supporting Information for Interior Aliphatic C-H Bond Activation on Iron(II) N-Confused Porphyrin Through Synergistic Nitric Oxide Binding and Iron Oxidation Wei-Min Ching a,b and Chen-Hsiung Hung* a
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1200448/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Increasing Solar Absorption for Photocatalysis with Black Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals This PDF file
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information A Unique Pair: Ag 40 and Ag 46 Nanoclusters with the Same Surface but Different Cores for Structure-Property Correlation Jinsong Chai, Sha Yang, Ying Lv, Tao Chen, Shuxin Wang, Haizhu
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles
Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles R.Hepzi Pramila Devamani 1*, R.Kiruthika, P.Mahadevi and S.Sagithapriya 2 1 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, V.V.Vanniaperumal
More informationSupporting Information
Copyright WILEY VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2012. Supporting Information for Small, DOI: 10.1002/smll. 201102654 Large-Area Vapor-Phase Growth and Characterization of MoS 2 Atomic
More informationSupporting Information. Metal-coordination-driven Mixed Ligand Binding in Supramolecular Bisporphyrin Tweezers
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Metal-coordination-driven Mixed Ligand Binding in Supramolecular Bisporphyrin
More informationSupporting Information. Solution-Processed 2D PbS Nanoplates with Residual Cu 2 S. Exhibiting Low Resistivity and High Infrared Responsivity
Supporting Information Solution-Processed 2D PbS Nanoplates with Residual Cu 2 S Exhibiting Low Resistivity and High Infrared Responsivity Wen-Ya Wu, Sabyasachi Chakrabortty, Asim Guchhait, Gloria Yan
More informationSupporting Information for
Supporting Information for Regioselective Cis Insertion of DMAD into Au-P Bonds: Effect of Auxiliary Ligands on Reaction Mechanism Hitoshi Kuniyasu, * Takuya Nakajima, Takashi Tamaki, Takanori Iwasaki,
More informationTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Zn 4-x Cd x Sb 3 SOLID SOLUTIONS
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Zn 4-x Cd x Sb 3 SOLID SOLUTIONS T. CAILLAT, A. BORSHCHEVSKY, J. -P. FLEURIAL Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109
More informationGrowth and Micro-structural Study of Bismuth Antimony Telluride for Thermoelectric Applications
International Journal of Mechanics Structural. ISSN 0974-312X Volume 7, Number 1 (2017), pp. 1-5 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Growth and Micro-structural Study of Bismuth
More informationParticle size analysis of gadolinium doped sodium bismuth titanate ceramics
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 2010, 2 (5):325-330 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X
More informationMagnetic resonance study of M 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 (M = Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co) compounds
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2005 Magnetic resonance study of M 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 (M = Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co) compounds N. GUSKOS 1, 2, J. TYPEK 2*, G. ZOLNIERKIEWICZ 2, A. BLONSKA-TABERO 3, M.
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of a wide-field of a) 2 nm, b) 4 nm and c) 6 nm Cu 2 Se nanocrystals (NCs),
Supplementary Figure 1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of a wide-field of a) 2 nm, b) 4 nm and c) 6 nm Cu 2 Se nanocrystals (NCs), respectively. To the right of each spectrum us shown a lowmagnification
More informationSYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZE SILICON CARBIDE POWDER BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SiO 2
2nd International Conference on Ultrafine Grained & Nanostructured Materials (UFGNSM) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 5 (2012) 263 269 World Scientific Publishing Company
More informationExperimental. Crystal data. C 3 H 6 N 6 O 6 M r = Orthorhombic, Pbca a = (8) Å b = (7) Å c = (9) Å.
organic compounds Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online ISSN 1600-5368 Redetermination of cyclo-trimethylenetrinitramine Patrick Hakey, Wayne Ouellette,* Jon Zubieta and Timothy Korter
More informationThermoelectric Properties and Scattering Factors of Finely Grained Bi 2 Te 3 -Related Materials Prepared by Mechanical Alloying
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 5 (21) pp. 863 to 867 Special Issue on Growth of Ecomaterials as a Key to Eco-Society IV #21 The Japan Institute of Metals Thermoelectric Properties and Scattering
More informationNanoconfinement Crystallization of Frustrated Alkyl Groups: Crossover of Mesophase to Crystalline Structure
Nanoconfinement Crystallization of Frustrated Alkyl Groups: Crossover of Mesophase to Crystalline Structure Haifeng Shi,,,* Haixia Wang, John H. Xin, Xingxiang Zhang, and Dujin Wang, * State Key Laboratory
More informationMA-SHS of ZrC and ZrB2 in Air from The Zr/B/C Powder. the original is available online at Instructions for use
Title MA-SHS of ZrC and ZrB2 in Air from The Zr/B/C Powder Author(s)Tsuchida, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Satoshi CitationEURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3: 85-88 Issue Date 2004 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/15876
More informationSupporting Information for:
Supporting Information for: Capture of Ni II, Cu I and Zn II by Thiolate Sulfurs of an N 2 S 2 Ni Complex: A Role for a Metallothiolate Ligand in the Acetyl-coenzyme A Synthase Active Site Melissa L. Golden,
More informationElectron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA)
Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) Nilanjan Chatterjee, Ph.D. Principal Research Scientist 1 Electron Microprobe Facility Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute
More informationLesson 1 X-rays & Diffraction
Lesson 1 X-rays & Diffraction Nicola Döbelin RMS Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland February 11 14, 2013, Riga, Latvia Electromagnetic Spectrum X rays: Wavelength λ: 0.01 10 nm Energy: 100 ev 100 kev Interatomic
More informationCrystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev
Crystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev Xiaoyan Zhang, a,b Ningzhong Bao,* c Karthik Ramasamy, a Yu-Hsiang A. Wang, a Yifeng Wang, c Baoping Lin b and
More informationFormation of High-quality Aluminum Oxide under Ion Beam Irradiation
15th International School-Conference New materials Materials of innovative energy: development, characterization methods and application Volume 2018 Conference Paper Formation of High-quality Aluminum
More informationControlled Fabrication and Optical Properties of Uniform CeO 2 Hollow Spheres
Controlled Fabrication and Optical Properties of Uniform CeO 2 Hollow Spheres Gen Chen, a Wei Ma, a Xiaohe Liu, a, * Shuquan Liang, b Guanzhou Qiu, a and Renzhi Ma c, * a Department of Inorganic Materials,
More informationGROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED CdS THIN FILMS BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 6, No. 8, September 29, p. 415 419 GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED CdS THIN FILMS BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE V. B. SANAP *, B. H. PAWAR, * MSS s College
More informationNeutron diffraction study of Mn 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2005 Neutron diffraction study of Mn 3 Fe 4 V 6 O 24 A. BEZKROVNYI 1, N. GUSKOS 2, 3, J. TYPEK 3*, N.YU. RYABOVA 1, M. BOSACKA 4, A. BLONSKA-TABERO 4, M. KURZAWA
More informationCHALCOGENIDE GLASSES FOR OPTICAL AND PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS
Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2004, p. 133-137 CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES FOR OPTICAL AND PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS D. Lezal *, J. Pedlikova, J. Zavadil a Laboratory of
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B, 1225-1229 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0182 S.S. KIM*, I. SON* #, K.T. KIM** EFFECT OF ELECTROLESS Ni P PLATING ON THE BONDING STRENGTH OF Bi Te-BASED THERMOELECTRIC MODULES
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. Synthesis and crystal structure of a rare square-planar Co (II) complex of a hydroxyamidinate ligand.
Electronic Supplementary Information Synthesis and crystal structure of a rare square-planar Co (II) complex of a hydroxyamidinate ligand. Mihaela Cibian, a Sofia Derossi, a and Garry S. Hanan* a Département
More informationCHAPTER 5 GROWTH OF POTASSIUM TETRA BORATE (K 2 B 4 O 11 H 8 ) SINGLE CRYSTALS BY LOW TEMPERATURE SOLUTION GROWTH METHOD AND ITS CHARACTERISATION
99 CHAPTER 5 GROWTH OF POTASSIUM TETRA BORATE (K 2 B 4 O 11 H 8 ) SINGLE CRYSTALS BY LOW TEMPERATURE SOLUTION GROWTH METHOD AND ITS CHARACTERISATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION The choice of selecting a particular
More informationSynthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi 2 S 3 Nanobeads
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 730 2002 Materials Research Society V5.5.1 Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi 2 S 3 Nanobeads Jiye Fang, Feng Chen, Kevin L. Stokes, Jibao He, Jinke Tang and
More informationA study of the crystallization kinetics in Se 68 Ge 22 Pb 10 chalcogenide glass
Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 11, December 2004, pp. 511-515 A study of the crystallization kinetics in Se 68 Ge 22 Pb 10 chalcogenide glass N Mehta a, P Agarwal b & A Kumar a
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Disperse fine equiaxed alpha alumina nanoparticles with narrow size distribution synthesised by selective corrosion and coagulation separation Sanxu Pu, Lu Li, Ji Ma, Fuliang
More informationImperfections, Defects and Diffusion
Imperfections, Defects and Diffusion Lattice Defects Week5 Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 1 Goals for the Unit I. Recognize various imperfections in crystals (Chapter 4) - Point imperfections
More informationIntercalation of Bi nanoparticles into graphite enables ultrafast. and ultra-stable anode material for Sodium-ion
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy & Environmental Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information Intercalation of Bi nanoparticles into
More informationA Ferric Semiquinoid Single-Chain Magnet via Thermally-Switchable Metal- Ligand Electron Transfer
Supporting Information for: A Ferric Semiquinoid Single-Chain Magnet via Thermally-Switchable Metal- Ligand Electron Transfer Jordan A. DeGayner, Kunyu Wang, and T. David Harris* Department of Chemistry,
More informationLife Science Journal 2014;11(8) Synthesis and thermoelectric power measurements of TlGaSe 2 single crystals
Synthesis and thermoelectric power measurements of TlGaSe 2 single crystals A. T. Nagat 1, S. A. Hussein 2, S. E. Al Garni 1 1 Physics Department, Sciences Faculty for Girls, King Abdulaziz University,
More informationChalcogenide Letters Vol. 12, No. 6, June 2015, p
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 12, No. 6, June 2015, p. 325-331 CRYSTAL GROWTH OF AgSbS 2 (MIARGYRITE) NANOSTRUCTURE BY CYCLIC MICROWAVE RADIATION J. KAVINCHAN a*, S. THONGTEM b, E. SAKSORNCHAI a, T. THONGTEM
More informationThermoelectric properties of Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 and its bilayer thin films
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 48, February 2010, pp. 115-120 Thermoelectric properties of Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 and its bilayer thin films P P Pradyumnan* & Swathikrishnan Department
More informationGraphene/Fe 3 O Quaternary Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption Properties
Graphene/Fe 3 O 4 @Fe/ZnO Quaternary Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption Properties Yu Lan Ren, Hong Yu Wu, Ming Ming Lu, Yu Jin Chen, *, Chun Ling Zhu, # Peng Gao *, # Mao
More informationPreparation of Bi-Based Ternary Oxide Photoanodes, BiVO 4,
Preparation of Bi-Based Ternary Oxide Photoanodes, BiVO 4, Bi 2 WO 6 and Bi 2 Mo 3 O 12, Using Dendritic Bi Metal Electrodes Donghyeon Kang, a, Yiseul Park, a, James C. Hill, b and Kyoung-Shin Choi a,*
More informationNeodymium uranyl peroxides synthesis by ion exchange on ammonium uranyl peroxide nanoclusters.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Neodymium uranyl peroxides synthesis by ion exchange on ammonium uranyl peroxide nanoclusters.
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Interconversion between Metal-Organic Polyhedra and Metal-Organic Frameworks Jian-Rong Li, Daren J. Timmons, and Hong-Cai Zhou Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
More informationPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Sn(S 1-x Te x ) SOLID SOLUTIONS OF BOTH MASSIVE MATERIALS AND THIN FILMS
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 15, No. 3, March 2018, p. 173-180 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Sn(S 1-x x SOLID SOLUTIONS OF BOTH MASSIVE MATERIALS AND THIN FILMS A. ARISWAN a*, R. PRASETYOWATI a, H. SUTRISNO
More informationDistinguishing crystallite size effects from those of structural disorder on the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of layered materials
J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 122, No. 5, September 2010, pp. 751 756 Indian Academy of Sciences. Distinguishing crystallite size effects from those of structural disorder on the powder X-ray diffraction patterns
More informationChiral Porous Metacrystals: Employing Liquid-Phase Epitaxy to Assemble Enantiopure Metal-Organic Nanoclusters into Pores of Molecular Frameworks
Electronic Supplementary Information Chiral Porous Metacrystals: Employing Liquid-Phase Epitaxy to Assemble Enantiopure Metal-Organic Nanoclusters into Pores of Molecular Frameworks Zhi-Gang Gu, a Hao
More informationSynthesis calcium-titanate (CaTiO 3 )
Synthesis calcium-titanate (CaTiO 3 ) Vera Petrovic The Advanced School of Electrical Engineering,Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 283, SCG Abstract Ceramic materials have been in use in many different areas of
More informationSupporting Information. Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using
Supporting Information Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using solid-state method Mita Dasog, Larissa F. Smith, Tapas K. Purkait and Jonathan G. C. Veinot * Department of Chemistry,
More informationA SOLVENT-FREE COMPOSITE SOLID ELECTROLYTES OF Li 2 CO 3 Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM PREPARED VIA WATER BASED SOL GEL METHOD
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS A SOLVENT-FREE COMPOSITE SOLID ELECTROLYTES OF Li 2 CO 3 Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM PREPARED VIA WATER BASED SOL GEL METHOD M. Sulaiman 1, *, A.A. Rahman 1, N.S.
More informationCrystal and electronic structure of the ternary monoclinic selenide Tl 2.59 Sb 8.41 Se 14 (TlSb 3 Se 5 )
11-20 Ivan Franko National University of Lviv www.chemetal-journal.org Crystal and electronic structure of the ternary monoclinic selenide Tl 2.59 Sb 8.41 Se 14 (TlSb 3 Se 5 ) Ihor BARCHIY 1, Anatoliy
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 XPS spectra of the Sb 2 Te 3 ChaM dried at room temperature near (a) Sb region and (b) Te region. Sb 3d 3/2 and Sb 3d 5/2
Supplementary Figure 1 XPS spectra of the Sb 2 Te 3 ChaM dried at room temperature near (a) Sb region and (b) Te region. Sb 3d 3/2 and Sb 3d 5/2 peaks correspond to Sb metallic bonding and the peaks of
More informationSupplementary information for Nature Materials. Gas-induced transformation and expansion of a 'nonporous'
Supplementary information for Nature Materials Gas-induced transformation and expansion of a 'nonporous' organic solid Praveen K. Thallapally, 1, * B. Peter McGrail, 1, Scott J. Dalgarno, 2 Herbert T.
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for CrystEngComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Concomitant Polymorphs of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene Analogue p-iso-propylcalix[4]arene
More informationHyperfine field distributions in disordered Mn 2 CoSn and Mn 2 NiSn Heusler alloys
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, No. 4, August 2002, pp. 309 313. Indian Academy of Sciences. Hyperfine field distributions in disordered Mn 2 CoSn and Mn 2 NiSn Heusler alloys N LAKSHMI*, ANIL PANDEY and K
More informationGrowth and characterization of large, high quality cubic diamond crystals
Article Materials Science May 2012 Vol.57 No.14: 1733 1738 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5023-4 Growth and characterization of large, high quality cubic diamond crystals ZANG ChuanYi 1*, LI Ming 1 & CHEN LunJian
More informationOptical Properties of Bi 30 Se (70-x) Te x Amorphous Thin Films
International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics ISSN 0973-1776 Volume 3 Number 1 (2007) pp. 49 58 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijpap.htm Optical Properties of Bi 30 Se (70-x)
More informationGeneration of cocrystals of Tavaborole (AN2690): opportunities for boron-containing APIs
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for CrystEngComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Generation of cocrystals of Tavaborole (AN2690):
More informationSOLUBILITY LIMITS OF ERBIUM IN PARTIALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS LANGANITE AND LANGATATE *
SOLUBILITY LIMITS OF ERBIUM IN PARTIALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS LANGANITE AND LANGATATE * O. TOMA, L. GHEORGHE, R. BIRJEGA National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street,
More informationComparative studies on XRD and band gap of thin films of gel grown, doped and undoped PbI 2, and pure powder of PbI 2
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 11, 3 (3):65-71 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 975-58X CODEN
More informationA New Thermoelectric Material: CsBi 4 Te 6
Published on Web 05/04/2004 A New Thermoelectric Material: CsBi 4 Te 6 Duck-Young Chung, Tim P. Hogan, Melissa Rocci-Lane, Paul Brazis, John R. Ireland, Carl R. Kannewurf, Marina Bastea, Ctirad Uher, and
More informationIron(II) hydrazinium sulfate
inorganic papers Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online ISSN 1600-5368 Iron(II) hydrazinium sulfate Krishnan Srinivasan, a Subbaiah Govindarajan a and William T. A. Harrison b * a Department
More informationGas Induced Conversion of Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal to. Single crystal for Great Enhancement of Their Photoelectric
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Gas Induced Conversion of Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal to Single crystal
More informationCEMS study on diluted magneto titanium oxide films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Hyperfine Interact (2006) 168:1065 1071 DOI 10.1007/s10751-006-9406-2 CEMS study on diluted magneto titanium oxide films prepared by pulsed laser deposition K. Nomura & K. Inaba & S. Iio & T. Hitosugi
More informationElectrical and Thermoelectric properties of Bi2(Te1-xSex)3 thin films
International Journal of Thermal Technologies E-ISSN 2277 4114 2016 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijtt/ Research Article Ikhlas H.Shallal and Hadeel F. Hussain
More informationSolid-Phase Synthesis of Mg2Si Thin Film on Sapphire substrate
Proc. Asia-Pacific Conf. on Semiconducting Silicides and Related Materials 2016 JJAP Conf. Proc. 5, https://doi.org/10.7567/jjapcp.5.011302 Solid-Phase Synthesis of Mg2Si Thin Film on Sapphire substrate
More information