Radiation Curing AIPI Milano, 15 May 2014 DELO Stefano Farina. Stand: 10/10

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1 Radiation Curing AIPI Milano, 15 May 2014 DELO Stefano Farina

2 Product description - Properties and advantages Properties: one-component curing at room temperature curing with UVA- or visible light PHOTOBOND: radiation curing acrylates KATIOBOND: radiation curing epoxy resins DUALBOND: radiation curing epoxy resins additional heat curing is possible Advantages: fast curing in 1 to 60 s elongation at tear 1 up to 300 % no efflorescence processing time controllable through irradiation

3 Fields of application Smart Cards Glass furniture Loudspeakers for mobile phones Switches, relays, sensors for plant construction and automotive industry

4 Electromagnetic spectrum For radiation, curing visible light, UVA and UVB (conditionally) are used

5 Radiation properties Influence of wavelength on photo energy and penetration depth

6 Transmission spectrum Transmission of different materials Glass Transmission in % PC with filler Wavelength in nm UV-light Visible light

7 DELO s lamp range DELOLUX 20 DELOLUX 50 DELOLUX 80 DELOLUX 03 S DELOLUX 04 DELOLUXcontrol

8 Discharge bulb technology (till yesterday ) DELOLUX 03 S DELOLUX 04 DELOLUX 06

9 Medium-pressure mercury bulbs Setup of the radiator Base Quartz pipe Electrodes Current passage Gas filling

10 Medium-pressure mercury bulbs Emission spectrum

11 Medium-pressure mercury bulbs Influencing of the emission spectrum of lamps by doping e.g. with iron (F) Used in DELOLUX 03, DELOLUX 06, DELOLUX 10

12 High-pressure mercury bulbs Without doping Used in DELOLUX 04

13 Aging of bulbs with electrodes Decrease in intensity of an iron-doped medium-pressure mercury bulb UVA-Intensity in % Tolerance band Burning time

14 Intensity measurement - DELOLUXcontrol The irradiance of curing lamps is influenced by aging of the curing lamp and thus decrease in intensity contamination of the lamp disks Therefore: Intensity measurement in the following possible versions: discontinuous measurement (e. g. every day) continuous measurement combination of both versions

15 LED lamp technology Lamp optimized for the adhesive Fast curing of all UV- and light-curing adhesives Unchanging intensity of the LEDs for optimum process reliability Low maintenance, spare part and operating expenses (TCO - total cost of ownership) Also ideal for short cycle times

16 Radiation curing: LED Technology (from today on ) Easy: intensity adjustment from % Robust: no moving shutter Energy-saving: power on demand life time = curing time

17 LED-Technology Wavelength adjusted to the photoinitiator. Light completely usable for adhesive curing Fast processes possible

18 Discharge lamp UV LED Blue LED 0 mm 2 mm Adhesive layer 4 mm 6 mm 8 mm Substrate 10 mm nm nm nm nm nm

19 Comparison of discharge and LED lamps Discharge lamps Radiation exit area Power consumption Intensity Emission spectrum DELOLUX 03 S area lamp 212 x 170 mm 400 W 70 mw/cm² UVA at a distance of 100 mm nm UVA + VIS DELOLUX 04 light guide lamp light guide Ø 8 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm double 380 W 8,000 mw/cm² UVA at the light guide outlet nm UVA + VIS LED lamps Radiation exit area Power consumption Intensity Emission spectrum DELOLUX 20 LED area lamp 101 x 101 mm max. 200 W 200 mw/cm² with type mw/cm² with type nm DELOLUX 22 LED area module 55 x 23.3 mm approx. 20 W > 200 mw/cm² LED nm DELOLUX 80 LED spot lamp Ø 16.9 mm with type 400 and 460 Ø 23.0 mm with type 365 Max. 200 W > 1,000 mw/cm² LED at the optical outlet 365, nm DELOLUX 50 LED spot lamp Ø 8.6 mm max. 200 W up to 12,000 mw/cm² LED 365 nm

20 Overview of photo-initiated adhesives Photoinitiated adhesives Radical-curing acrylates DELO-PHOTOBOND Cationic-curing epoxies DELO-KATIOBOND Cationic-curing epoxies DELO-DUALBOND UVA-curing nm Radiation-curing nm UVA-curing nm Light-activation nm Light- and/or heat-curing nm

21 DELO-PHOTOBOND - Radical polymerization Monomers: ester of acrylic acid Photoinitiator: I H H C = C H C = O O R 2 1. Decomposition of the photoinitiator in free radicals by irradiation with UV- and visible light respectively: I light R 2. Opening of the double-bond and formation of monomer radicals: R + C = C R - C - C Irradiation must continue until complete curing is achieved! Thus at least one component must be translucent! 3. Chain growth leads to adhesive curing: R - C - C + nc = C R - [C - C] n - C - C

22 DELO-PHOTOBOND - Options for processing Light- or UV-curing Dispensing Joining Curing

23 DELO-PHOTOBOND - Curing process Viscosity [Pas] Time t [s] DELO-PHOTOBOND 4302 DELO-PHOTOBOND 4436

24 DELO-PHOTOBOND - Fundamental product properties Every second cell phone is manufactured using DELO-PHOTOBOND Fast curing in 1 s possible Optically stable in the Xenon test at 10-fold sunlight intensity Wide range of elasticity from 4 to 300 % elongation at tear Great layer thickness possible up to 5 mm Hardly exothermal heat development during curing Humid surfaces through oxygen inhibition with some products Biocompatibility: Licenses for medical engineering according to USP Class VI are existent

25 DELO-KATIOBOND - Cationic polymerization Monomers: Epoxies Photoinitiator: I 1. Decomposition of the photoinitiator in cation and counterion by irradiation with UV- and visible light respectively: light I R + +Y - 2. Cationic opening of the epoxy ring and formation of monomer radicals: C - C O + R + +Y - R2 R3 R1 C - C O R4 C - C O+ R + Y - 3. Chain growth through cationic opening of further epoxy rings (can be extremely exothermal) Irradiation must not be effected until final curing Opaque components can therefore also be bonded Please notice: The complete adhesive amount needs to be irradiated

26 DELO-KATIOBOND - Options for processing Light- or UV-curing Dispensing Joining Curing Activated by light Dispensing Activating Joining and curing without further irradiation

27 DELO-KATIOBOND - Curing process Viscosity [Pas] min 3 h 5 h 6 h 24 h Time t [s] Activation: 0,8 s / 200 mw/cm² Activation: 0,4 s / 140 mw/cm²

28 DELO-KATIOBOND Pre-activation times Dependence of open time from preactivation time Processing times DELO-KATIOBOND Test (drops) Preactivation time Open time Processing time / s Parameter: 10 mg drops on glass object holders Irradiation with 50 mw/cm²

29 DELO-KATIOBOND - Fundamental product properties Three out of four smart cards are manufactured with the use of DELO-KATIOBOND Low ion content (important for electronic applications) Temperature range of use up to 150 C Preactivation possible (bonding of opaque components possible) Biocompatibility: Licenses for medical engineering according to USP XXIII Class VI are existent Tension-equalizing with an elongation at tear up to 50 % Dry surface Exothermal curing

30 DELO-KATIOBOND - Climate resistance 9 Compression shear strength [MPa] Compression shear strength PC/Al Compression shear strength PC/Al after 4 w climate 1 0 DELO-KATIOBOND 4557 DELO-KATIOBOND 4571 DELO-KATIOBOND 45952

31 DELO-KATIOBOND - Temperature resistance 30 7 Tensile strength [MPa] Elongation at tear [%] DELO-KATIOBOND DELO-KATIOBOND 4594 Tensile strength [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] 1000h/160 C Elongation at tear [%] Elongation at tear [%] 1000h/160 C Measurands at room temperature each.

32 DELO-DUALBOND - Fundamental product properties Curing with heat (minimum 120 C) Fast curing of visible areas with light For components with shadowed areas Dry surface Temperature range of use up to 150 C Tension-equalizing with an elongation at tear up to 50 % Fast heat-curing e.g. 3 min at 130 C