International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes ISSN Vol. 2, Issue 2 April 2016

Transcription

1 Thermal Properties of Jute Fibre Reinforced With Polyester Composites V. M. Patil 1, P. D. Bhanawat 2 1 KBS College of Engineering and Technology, Jalgaon (MS). 2 Department of Textile Engineering, College of Engg. & Tech, Akola (MS). Abstract There is a need to develop biodegradable composites in order to achieve ecofriendly and environmentally pollution free composites. In the present work composites of unsaturated polyester based Jute fiber composites were prepared. The jute is the natural fibres which are also biodegradable and glass fibre is a synthetic fibre. The natural fiber is used in the same matrix (unsaturated polyester) to make composites and the thermal conductivity of these hybrid composites was studied. A significant improvement in thermal conductivity of jute fiber composites has been found. The clay (additive) is also added to the resin (unsaturated polyester) in proportions of 0%,1%,2%,3% by weight of resin respectively and jute and coir fibre composites were prepared by using this resin to study the effect of heat capacity of these hybrid composites. It is also observed that as the clay quantity increases the thermal conductivity also increases. Key words: Hybrid Composite, Unsaturated Polyester, Jute Fibre, Heat Capacity. 1. Introduction The polymers such as plastics, polyester and epoxy resins are widely used for making coatings and structures in the civil, chemical and consumer industries. This is because of their corrosion resistance, light weight, good mouldability, and transparent, excellent surface finish and economical, which make them suitable for the manufacture of tanks, pipe lines, bottles, bags etc. However they are not suitable for reactors and structural parts as their mechanical and thermal properties are low. The mechanical and thermal properties of polymers can be improved by modifying and producing polymer composites. Many polymer composites are composed of just two phases one is termed as matrix phase, which is continuous and surrounds the other phase often called the dispersed phase. The matrix phase binds the fibres together and acts as medium by which an externally applied stress is transmitted and distributed to the fibres. Only a very small portion of an applied load is sustained by the matrix phase and major portion is sustained by the fibers. The fibres are basically two type s viz. natural and synthetic fibres. Cotton, jute coir and sisal are some examples for natural fibres and glass, nylon and carbon are some examples for synthetic fibres. The natural fibres are renewable [1-7] and cheaper but their mechanical properties are much lower than the synthetic fibres. The synthetic fibres exhibit good mechanical properties but they are costlier and non renewable. Many researchers developed natural fiber reinforced composites and studied their mechanical properties [8]. In present work, to take advantage of natural fibres, they can be combined in the matrix to produce composite and their thermal conductivity are studied. The clay (additive) is also added to the resin (unsaturated polyester) in proportions of 1%,2%,3% by weight of resin respectively and jute fiber composites were prepared by using this resin, The effect of clay, which is added to the matrix is also studied. 2. Materials Jute and coir short fibre (2cm long) obtained from local sources were used for present work. The unsaturated polyester resin, Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide as accelerator and Cobalt Naphthenate as catalyst, which is obtained from Joyti Emporium, Akola, Maharashtra, India, were used. The clay is used as additive for present work. 3. Preparation In present work the composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. The matrix of unsaturated polyester and monomer of styrene are mixed in the ratio of 100:25 parts by weight respectively. Later the additive clay is mixed thoroughly and then the accelerator of methyl ethyl ketene peroxide 1% by weight and catalyst of cobalt naphthenate of 1% by weight were added to the mixture and mixed thoroughly. The releasing agent of paraffin Wax to glass mould and the matrix mixture is poured in to the mould. The fibre is added to matrix mixture, which was poured in the glass mould. The excess resign was removed from the mould and glass plate was placed on the top the casting were allowed to cure for 24hrs at room temperature and then casting is placed at a temperature of 80ºC for 4 hrs. The composite were released from mould and are cut to prepare test specimens. Six Composite samples were prepared with different combination of fibers and sample nomenclatures are as Follows; Composite Combination Copyright@CTF- MPSTME Page 56

2 A Plain Matrix B Jute 10% C Jute 20% D Jute-Coir 10% E Jute-Coir 20% F Coir 10% G Coir 20% 4. Experimental Procedure The material of which the thermal conductivity to be determined should be cut in to test specimen of 16 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. The thermal conductivity apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder in which heater is arranged. The test specimen is placed between the metal slabs. The bottom slab is heated up by heater and this heat is transferred to top side through test specimen material by the mode of conduction. The heat transfer through sample is given by Q = K (S 1S 2) A d Where K is thermal conductivity cal/sec cm ºC S 1 is temperature of bottom slab ºC S 2 is temperature of Top slab ºC A is Area of cross section of sample cm 2 d is thickness of sample cm K (S1 S2)A d = W ( DS ds )S2 Thermal conductivity K = W(dS ds )S2d (S1 S2)A Cal S-1 Cm -1 ºK -1 Where w = Water equivalent of metal slab = m x S m = Weight of brass slab = gm S = Specific heat of sample is determined at ds, is determined at S 2 from the graph plotted between temperature verses time. The following table shows the average values, ds Sr. No. Composite combination Thermal Conductivity 10-4 C Clay % By Weight of Resin Clay 0% Clay 1% Clay 2% Clay 3% 1 A B C D E F G Table No.-1 Thermal Conductivity of Composites 5. Results and Discussion Copyright@CTF- MPSTME Page 57

3 Thermal Conductivity 10-4 Thermal Conductivity 10-4 Thermal Conductivity 10-4 International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes ISSN The thermal conductivity of all the composite samples is given in the above Table No. 1. The thermal conductivity of the composites was tested according to ASTM C 1407 Standards. The detail results as discussed in the following way; Thermal Condustivity of 0% Clay as Graph No. 1 Thermal Condustivity of Jute-USP Composites 0% Clay As specified in the above content, sample C With 20% Jute fiber as an reinforcement has exibited the least thermal conductivity with 1.8, while the 100% Unsaturated Polyester Resin Sheet has shown the maximum thermal conductitivity with 4 as shown in the above graph. Also the trend can be seen with irecrease in the reinforcement percentages of the fibers thermal conductitivity reduces and jute fiber reinfored composites showing minimum conductivity amongs all composites. Thermal Condustivity of 1% Clay as Graph No. 2 Thermal Condustivity of Jute-USP Composites 1% Clay As per the discussion in the above content, sample C With 20% Jute fiber as an reinforcement has given the least thermal conductivity with 1.7, while the 100% Unsaturated Polyester Resin Sheet has shown the maximum thermal conductitivity with 3.9 as shown in the above graph. The trend can be seen with irecrease in the reinforcement percentages of the fibers thermal conductitivity reduces and jute fiber reinfored composites showing minimum conductivity amongs all composites. Thermal Condustivity of 2% Clay as Copyright@CTF- MPSTME Page 58

4 Thermal Conductivity 10-4 International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes ISSN Graph No. 3 Thermal Condustivity of Jute-USP Composites 2% Clay In the above described content, sample C With 20% Jute fiber as an reinforcement has exibited the least thermal conductivity with 1.6, while the 100% Unsaturated Polyester Resin Sheet has shown the maximum thermal conductitivity with 3.7 as shown in the above graph. Here also the simillar trend can be seen with irecrease in the reinforcement percentages of the fibers thermal conductitivity reduces and jute fiber reinfored composites showing minimum conductivity amongs all composites. Thermal Condustivity of 3% Clay as Graph No. 4 Thermal Condustivity of Jute-USP Composites 3% Clay As mention in the above content, sample C With 20% Jute fiber as an reinforcement has exibited the least thermal conductivity with 1.5, while the 100% Unsaturated Polyester Resin Sheet has shown the maximum thermal conductitivity with 3.4 as shown in the above graph. Also the trend can be seen with irecrease in the reinforcement percentages of the fibers thermal conductitivity reduces and jute fiber reinfored composites showing minimum conductivity amongs all composites. 6. Conclusion: The thermal conductivity of unsaturated polyester resin based composite has been studied as a function of fiber content and effect of clay as additives effect on the conductive property of the composites. It is quit clear from the results and the analysis that the composite with maximum jute and clay content has shown the least conductivity and plain matrix has shown the maximum. The role of clay as an additive is significant looking at the reducing conductivity of the plain Polymer sheet. We can conclude the percent of fiber content, clay and fiber type has effect on conductivity of the composites. There is a good scope for study in development of the composite for reducing the conductivity of the composite by using different natural fibers which will be light weight, cost effective and ecofriendly in nature. 7. References: [1] K. John, S. Venkata Naidu, Chemical resistance studies of sisal/glass., fiber hybrid composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 26(4) (2007) [2] H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, S. Hanida, C. W. Kang, N.A. Nikfuaad, Agrohybrid composite: the effects on mechanical and physical properties of oil palm fiber (efb)/glass hybrid reinforced polyester composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 26(2) (2007) [3] P. Noorunnisha Khanam, M. Mohan Reddy, K. Raghu, K. John, S. Venkata Naidu, Tensile, Flexural and compressive properties of sisal/silk hybrid composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 26(9) (2007) [4] S. Sreenivasulu, K. Vijay Kumar Reddy, A. Varada Rajulu, G. Ramachandra Reddy, Chemical resistance and tensile properties of polycarbonate toughened epoxy bamboo fiber composites, Bull. Pure App. Sci. 25C (2) (2006) [5] R. Algood, S. C. Sharma, A. A. Syed, A.Varada Rajulu, M. Krishana, Compression properties of e- glass/polyurethane composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 25(14) (2006) Copyright@CTF- MPSTME Page 59

5 [6] S. Padma Priya, S.K. Rai, Impact, Compression, Density, Void content and weight reduction studies on waste silk fabric/epoxy composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 24(15) (2005) [7] M Ramachandran, Sahas Bansal, Vishal Fegade, Pramod Raichurkar, Analysis of Bamboo Fibre Composite with Polyester and Epoxy Resin, International Journal on Textile Engineering & Processes 1 (4), 2015, [8] Varada Rajulu, G. Babu Rao, L. Ganga Devi, D. Sidda Ramaiah, K. Shubhaprada, K. Shrikant Bhat, R. Shylashree, Mechanical properties of short, natural fiber hildegardia populifolia-reinforced styrenated polyester composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 24(4) (2005) [9] K. John, S. Venkata Naidu, Sisal fiber/glass fiber hybrid composites: the impact and compressive properties, J. Rein. Plast. Comp. 23(12) (2004) [10] M. Ramachandran, Rishabh Bhargava, P. P. Raichurkar, Effect of Nanotechnology in Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials, International journal on Textile Engineering and Processes 2 (1), Copyright@CTF- MPSTME Page 60