Designing martensitic steels: structure & properties Enrique Galindo-Nava and Pedro Rivera
|
|
- Jeffry Hubbard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Designing martensitic steels: structure & properties Enrique Galindo-Nava and Pedro Rivera Feng Qian, Mark Rainforth (Sheffield); Wenwen Song (Aachen) 1
2 Outline Aim: Understand the factors controlling mechanical properties in martensitic steels Identify alloy/process design scenarios for resource efficiency Modelling the structure of Fe-C martensite: Lath martensite: Low/Medium-C steels Twinned martensite: High-C steels Modelling the structure of maraging steels: Martensite+austenite+intermetallic evolution Elongation VS reverted austenite 2
3 Fe-C martensite Fe-.18C wt% Hardness (HV3) Fe-1.6C wt% Sherby et al., Mater Trans (28) 3
4 Maraging steels: Fe-1Mn-2Ni-1Al-1Mo-.85Ti (wt%) As-quenched: Low & high-angle GBs+dislocations Tempered: reverted γ+ni 2 TiAl 4
5 Alloy/process design: strengthening in martensite? Microstructural contributions: 1. Solid solution hardening (σ ss ) 2. Hall-Petch of high & low angle GBs (σ HP ) Strength (MPa) Dislocations+twins (σ dis ) 4 4. Precipitation hardening (σ p ) 2 5. Other phases (austenite, ferrite, ) Typical strengthening contribution in Maraging steels As-quenched Tempered σ Y = σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p Precipitation Dislocations Hall-Petch Solid solution 5
6 Low/Med C steels: Lath martensite Hierarchical structure formed by diffusionless transformation Packets and blocks (HAGBs) form to compensate crystallographic distortions and ensure that the overall strain is a pure dilatation (*) Laths (LAGBs) form to minimise the strain energy produced by the lattice distortions around carbon atoms: Lattice strains are accommodated by dislocations at & within lath boundaries (**) (*) Kinney et al., Acta Mater. (214), (**) Olson & Cohen, Metall. Trans. (1975) 6
7 Packet and block arrangements σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p All 24 variants of the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation are used within a prior austenite grain (*) Prior-austenite grain: 4 packets Packet: 6 blocks with each variant sharing the same {111}FCC plane Fe-9Ni (*) Kinney et al., Acta Mater. (214) 7
8 Packet and block arrangements ( 1) FCC ( 1) (a) BCC 111 (b) ( ) FCC ( 11) BCC [ 1] FCC [ 11] BCC!11 " # $! FCC " 111# $ BCC ε Bain 8
9 Martensite structure: model σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p A prior-austenite grain is subdivided into 4 packets that contain all Kurdjumov-Sachs variants (*) A packet contains 6 blocks with each variant sharing the same {111} FCC plane Prior-austenite grain Packet V PAG = N packets V packet V packet = N blocks V block Block Laths (*) Kinney et al., Acta Mater. (214) 9
10 Results: PAGS effects in Fe-C steels Packet size (µm) Exp - Hoseiny et al. (212) Exp - Morito et al. (26) Exp - Morito et al. (26) Exp - Maki et al. (26) Exp - Zhang et al. (212) Model Block size (µm) Exp - Yan et al. (214) Exp - Morito et al. (26) Exp - Morito et al. (26) Exp - Zhang et al. (212) Model Austenite grain size (µm) Austenite grain size (µm) No effects of chemical composition! Galindo-Nava & Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Acta Mater. (215) 1
11 Laths: Dislocations & C effects σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p There is less understanding on lath formation: Experimental evidence shows no PAGS effects (*) Olson & Cohen s martensite nucleation mechanism: Dislocation arrangements at the γ\α interface (**) Lath size and dislocation density are linked: Strain energy within a lath: E dis = E lattice ρ ε 2 Bain 2 d lath (*) Morito et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A (26), (**) Olson & Cohen (1975) 11
12 Carbon segregation at dislocations: as-quenched Fe-.32C-1.6Si (*) At least 9% of C atoms segregate to dislocations (Cottrell atmospheres): d Cottrell 7 nm C dis ~5-7 at% (*) Sherman et al., Metall. Mater Trans A (27) d Cottrell d lath = d Cottrell x C 2/3 12
13 Results: Carbon content effects σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p Lath width (µm) As-quenched lath width 3 Exp - Kim et al. (214) Exp - Hutchinson et al. (211) Model Exp - Swarr & Krauss (1976) Exp - Ghassemi-Armaki et al. (29) C (wt%) Dislocation density (m -2 ) Dislocation density (m -2 ) TEM density measurements Exp - Morito et al. (23) Exp - Kehoe & Kelly (197) Exp - Norstrom (1976) Model C (wt%) ρ ε 2 Bain 2 d lath Galindo-Nava & Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Acta Mater. (215) 13
14 Martensite tempering Carbon migration from lath boundaries promotes lath coarsening and dislocation recovery (*): d lath = d AQ lath + d Cottrell N C! N C = x C 3 π $ # & " 2 % 1/3! AD diff t $ # & " kt % The matrix & yield stress are given by: σ α ' = 3 d block +.25Mµb ρ 2/3 Carbide precipitation is obtained from experiments (σ p ) (*) Cottrell & Bilby, Proc. Phys. Soc. (1948) 14
15 Yield Stress (MPa) 18 (a) (c) x1 15 T ( o C).4C (wt%) 1h tempering Exp - Saeglitz & Krauss (1997) Model Medium C steel:.56c-1.4si (b) Yield stress (MPa) (d) Exp - Kim et al. (214) Model.56C (wt%).5 h tempering D =12 µm T ( o C) ρ (m -2 ) 6x1 15 4x1 15 2x1 15 Exp - Kim et al. (214) Model T ( o C) lath width (nm) T ( o C) Exp - Kim et al. (214) Model 15
16 2 1.25C (wt%) D g =2 µm Alloy/process design: Martensite strength D (c) g =2 µm T ( o C) hour tempering D g =2 µm 1 t (hours) C (wt%) (d) C (wt%) t (hours) o C tempering 9 D g =2 µm C (wt%) t (hours) Grange et al., Metall. Trans (1975) 16
17 Martensite strength (a) 9 8 H f γ Exp - Grange et al. Exp - Litwinchuk et al. Mod Mod - No f γ ( ) ( )( H lath f lath + H twinned 1 f ) lath 7 HV As-quenched C (wt%) Galindo-Nava & Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Scripta Mater. (215) 17
18 MARAGING STEELS 18
19 Maraging steels: elemental optimisation Important family of high-strength steels (high-strength and toughness) Factors controlling strength-elongation: α +intermetallics+γ (reverted) Wide compositional space: Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Ti-Al-Mo-Cu Understand their contributions to microstructure (resource efficiency) PH13-8Mo (*): Fe-12Cr-8Ni-1Al-2Mo (*) Schnitzer et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A (21) 19
20 Alloying contributions to microstructure Fe Ni Mn Ti Cr Al Mo Cu Martensite X X X X Intermetallics X X X X X Reverted austenite X X X X Solid solution X X Galindo-Nava et al., Acta Mater. (216) 2
21 Martensitic structure σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p Prior-austenite grain GB and dislocation density distribution: Packet Nucleation sites for precipitation Reverted austenite distribution Elemental segregation to laths also occurs (*) Block Laths Fe-9Mn (*) Kuzmina et al., Science (215) 21
22 Precipitation hardening: tempering σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p Standard precipitation kinetics modelling (*) Nucleation sites: dislocations in martensite # & I = N Zβ exp% ΔG* ( $ k B T '! N = ρ N $ a # & " % V m 1/3 ( c p c i ) dr p dt = D diff Hardening: Orowan bowing σ p = µbf 1/2 p r p dc dr p! ln r $ p # & " b % r p (nm) (c) Exp - 53 o C Exp - 48 o C Exp - 44 o C Model - 53 o C Model - 48 o C Model - 44 o C Ni 3 Ti Exp - 53 o C Exp - 48 o C Model - 53 o C Model - 48 o C M35 t (h) (*) Kozeschnik, Modeling Solid-State Precipitation C3 22 l p (nm) (d) (H v ) (b) (a)
23 Age hardening in M35: factors controlling hardness 7 6 Fe-18Ni-12.5Co-4Mo-1.7Ti (*) Total Martensite Solid solution Precipitation Exp Hardness (H V ) o C t (h) Ni 3 Ti σ ss +σ HP +σ dis +σ p (*) Viswanathan et al., Metall. Trans. (1993), Zhu et al., Mater. Sci. Tech. (211) 23
24 Elongation VS Reverted austenite: GB embrittlement High segregation of Ni and/or Mn from quenching (underaging) Early formation of intermetallics nearby GBs (NiMn, NiAl, ) Elongation increases during overaging (*): Ni/Mn-rich γ formation Fe-1Ni-7Mn (**) Intermetallic coarsening (*) Heo et al., Phil. Mag. (28), (**) Nasim et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. (2) 24
25 Reverted austenite evolution Fe-12Mn-2Ni-1Al-1Mo-.85Ti γ α d lath γ r γ Interface-controlled diffusion d block γ γ γ h γ γ 25
26 Results: PH13-8Mo Fe Cr Ni Al Mo Bal (a) f γ (%) Exp - PH13-8Mo o C Exp - PH13-8Mo o C Model - PH13-8Mo o C Model - PH13-8Mo o C Exp - 5Mn Mod - 5Mn (b) r γ (nm) Exp - PH13-8Mo o C Model - PH13-8Mo o C Exp - 5 Mn Mod - 5 Mn 1 5 (c) h γ (nm) t (h) Exp - PH13-8Mo o C Model - PH13-8Mo o C t (h) (d) 1 f γ (%) γ t (h) t (h) γ Exp - AISI31-85 o C Exp - AISI31-8 o C Exp - AISI31-75 o C Model - AISI31-85 o C Model - AISI31-8 o C Model - AISI31-75 o C Exp - M35-54 o C α Mod - M35-54 o C Galindo-Nava et al., Acta Mater. (216) 26
27 Reverted austenite VS elongation Ni & Mn enrichment in the austenite aids in increasing elongation: (a) El (%) (c) (at%) 4 PH13-8Mo Lean-1Mn 35 Lean-12Mn 3 7Mn 17-4 SS 25 9Mn Fit El (%) = f γ f γ (%) 25 3 (a) (b) Mn (at%) (c) gation (%) Ni/Mn content VS Elongation (%) o C for 5 h Ni Ni (at%) (at%) 55 Mn o C M35 stronger effect 14.9Ni4Mn1.9Ti3Mo than Ni! PH13-8Mo 17-4 SS (b) Elongation (%)
28 Alloy design for elongation: resource efficiency Composition (wt%) Steel Fe Ni Mn Co Ti Mo M35 Bal Ni4Mn1.9Ti3Mo Bal σ Y (MPa) o C t (h) M35 15Ni4Mn1.9Ti3Mo Austenite fraction (%) Elongation (%) Strength-elongation: overaging σ Y (MPa) M35 15Ni4Mn1.9Ti3Mo 28
29 Summary Fe-C martensitic steels: Hierarchical structure of lath martensite Twinned martensite: Carbon segregation at twins and dislocations Design process routes for high strength (C VS T) Maraging steels: Links between composition and microstructure Ni & Mn: reverted austenite Al, Ti, Cu: precipitation Mo: solid solution Design for resource efficiency considering strength-elongation 29
MTLS 4L04 Steel Section. Lecture 6
MTLS 4L04 Steel Section Lecture 6 Tempering of Martensite To get around the problem of the brittleness of the Martensite, Martensite is heat treated at elevated temperatures (200-700 C) to precipitate
More informationEffect of Stress on Variant Selection in Lath Martensite in Low-carbon Steel
, pp. 1453 1461 Effect of Stress on Variant Selection in Lath Martensite in Low-carbon Steel Yamato MISHIRO,* Shoichi NAMBU, Junya INOUE and Toshihiko KOSEKI Department of Materials Engineering, The University
More informationContinuous Cooling Diagrams
Continuous Cooling Diagrams Isothermal transformation (TTT) diagrams are obtained by rapidly quenching to a given temperature and then measuring the volume fraction of the various constituents that form
More informationModule #25. Martensitic Transformations and Strengthening
Module #25 Martensitic Transformations and Strengthening READING LIST DIETER: Ch. 6, pp. 226-228. Chapter 11 in Meyers & Chawla. Chapter 13 in P. Haasen, Physical Metallurgy, 3 rd Edition, Cambridge University
More informationA COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH FOR DESIGNING TRIP STEELs STUDYING
A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH FOR DESIGNING TRIP STEELs STUDYING Shengyen Li Shengyen.li@nist.gov June 2, 2014 1 Alloy Design 2 True stress, MPa Eperimental Results - Fe-0.32C-1.42Mn-1.56Si 1200 800 400 0 0.00
More informationTowards the limits of strength:
Towards the limits of strength: Design and understanding of ultra high strength steels D. Raabe, Y.J. Li, P. Choi, O. Dmitrieva, R. Kirchheim*, D. Ponge Düsseldorf, Germany WWW.MPIE.DE d.raabe@mpie.de
More informationAtom Probe Tomography Investigation of Lath Boundary Segregation and Precipitation in a Maraging Stainless Steel
Atom Probe Tomography Investigation of Lath Boundary Segregation and Precipitation in a Maraging Stainless Steel M. Thuvander,* M. Andersson,** K. Stiller* * Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University
More informationIMPROVEMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FE-MN-TI STEEL BY ALLOYING WITH CR AND MO , Tehran, Iran. Tabriz, Iran
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN FE-MN-TI STEEL BY ALLOYING WITH CR AND MO M. Nili-Ahmadabadi a, S. Hossein Nedjad b, M. Sadeghi a and H. Shirazi a a Deptartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,
More informationEvaluation of Grain Boundary Effect on Strength of Fe C Low Alloy Martensitic Steels by Nanoindentation Technique
Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 6 (2005) pp. 1301 to 1305 #2005 The Japan Institute of Metals Evaluation of Grain Boundary Effect on Strength of Fe C Low Alloy Martensitic Steels by Nanoindentation
More informationMT 348 Outline No MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MT 348 Outline No. 1 2009 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES I. Introduction A. Stresses and Strains, Normal and Shear Loading B. Elastic Behavior II. Stresses and Metal Failure A. ʺPrincipal Stressʺ Concept B. Plastic
More informationPhase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1
Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study
More informationChapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing
Chapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing This is a further application of our knowledge of plastic deformation and is an introduction to heat treatment. Part of this lecture is covered by Chapter 4 of
More informationEffect of pre-quenching process on microstructure and mechanical properties in a Nb-microalloyed low carbon Q-P steel
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2015 Effect of pre-quenching process on microstructure
More informationDirect observation of niobium segregation to dislocations in steel
Charles Hatchett Award 2017 of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) 1 Direct observation of niobium segregation to dislocations in steel J. Takahashi, K. Kawakami, J. Hamada *, K. Kimura
More informationof Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test
Chapter 11 Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test As usual, everything is standardized! After the Jominy
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF REVERSION TREATED LOW-NI HIGH-MN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS
1 MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF REVERSION TREATED LOW-NI HIGH-MN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS 06.06.2016 Anna Kisko University of Oulu Materials Engineering and Production Technology research unit 2
More informationPrecipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening
Outline Dispersion Strengthening Mechanical Properties of Steel Effect of Pearlite Particles impede dislocations. Things that slow down/hinder/impede dislocation movement will increase, y and TS And also
More informationChapter 7: Dislocations and strengthening mechanisms. Strengthening by grain size reduction
Chapter 7: Dislocations and strengthening mechanisms Mechanisms of strengthening in metals Strengthening by grain size reduction Solid-solution strengthening Strain hardening Recovery, recrystallization,
More informationMetals III. Anne Mertens
"MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 03/10/2017 25/10/2016 Metals III Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Summary of previous lectures Case study in
More informationStrengthening Mechanisms
Strengthening Mechanisms The ability of a metal/ alloy to plastically deform depends on the ability of dislocations to move. Strengthening techniques rely on restricting dislocation motion to render a
More informationHypoeutectoid Carbon Steels. Hypereutectoid Carbon Steels
Hypoeutectoid Carbon Steels Another example: Amount of carbon? 1035 Steel: white regions are proeutectoid ferrite grains By the end of this lecture you should be able to predict the amount of carbon in
More informationReversed Austenite Growth Behavior of a 13%Cr-5%Ni Stainless Steel during Intercritical Annealing
ISIJ International, Vol. 56 (2016), ISIJ International, No. 1 Vol. 56 (2016), No. 1, pp. 148 153 Reversed Austenite Growth Behavior of a 13%Cr-5%Ni Stainless Steel during Intercritical Annealing Pengcheng
More informationChapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys
Chapter 7 Stainless Steels Stainless steels at least % Cr in iron is required (max 30% Cr) Cr: to make iron surface by forming a surface oxide film protecting the underlying metal from corrosion Ni: to
More informationEffect of Mn and Si addition on the dynamic transformation of austenite during strip rolling
Hatchett Seminar London, July 16, 2014 Effect of Mn and Si addition on the dynamic transformation of austenite during strip rolling John J. Jonas Birks Professor of Metallurgy Emeritus McGill University
More informationSTABILITY OF COMPLEX NITRIDES IN HEAT RESISTANT STEELS. Vlastimil VODÁREK, Jan HOLEŠINSKÝ
STABILITY OF COMPLEX NITRIDES IN HEAT RESISTANT STEELS Vlastimil VODÁREK, Jan HOLEŠINSKÝ VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic, vlastimil.vodarek@vsb.cz Abstract The
More informationThe heat treatment of austenitic stainless steel wire with different work hardening degree
The heat treatment of austenitic stainless steel wire with different work hardening degree R. Gerosa a, B. Rivolta a, G. Poli b, M. Valsecchi c a Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy b Università degli studi
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle
Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee
More informationModels for the Yield Strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys
Models for the Yield Strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys Marco Starink, Xiaomei Li, Shuncai Wang School of Engineering Sciences University of Southampton Presented at ASM Materials Solutions Conf. 2003, 1st
More informationChapter 10: Phase Transformations
Chapter 10: Phase Transformations ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Transforming one phase into another takes time. Fe C FCC (Austenite) Eutectoid transformation Fe 3 C (cementite) + (ferrite) (BCC) How does the rate
More informationSTRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS
Background Knowledge Yield Strength STRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS Metals yield when dislocations start to move (slip). Yield means permanently change shape. Slip Systems Slip plane: the plane on which
More informationChapter 10: Phase Transformations
Chapter 10: Phase Transformations ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Transforming one phase into another takes time. Fe (Austenite) Eutectoid transformation Fe 3 C (cementite) + C FCC (ferrite) (BCC) How does the rate
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
In the format provided by the authors and unedited. Additively-manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility Y. Morris Wang 1*, Thomas Voisin 1, Joseph T. McKeown 1, Jianchao
More informationStainless steel & duplex
Stainless steel & duplex Different effects of carbon and nitrogen on precipitation behavior and mechanical properties in austenitic stainless steels Kyung-Shik Kim, Jee-Hyun Kang, Sung-Joon Kim Austenitic
More informationHigh strength low alloy (HSLA).
7 Alloy Steels High strength low alloy (HSLA). a type of steel alloy that provides many benefits over regular steel alloys contain a very small percentage of carbon (less than one-tenth of a percent) and
More informationFundamentals of. Steel Product. Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy
Fundamentals of Steel Product Physical Metallurgy B.C. De Cooman Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea J.G Speer Advanced Steel Products and
More informationTitanium and titanium alloys. Josef Stráský
Titanium and titanium alloys Josef Stráský Lecture 2: Fundamentals of Ti alloys Polymorphism Alpha phase Beta phase Pure titanium Titanium alloys alloys alloys alloys Phase transformation β α phase Hardening
More information3.22 Mechanical Behavior of materials PS8 Solution Due: April, 27, 2004 (Tuesday) before class (10:00am)
3. Mechanical Behavior of materials PS8 Solution Due: April, 7, 004 (Tuesday before class (10:00am 8 1. Annealed copper have a dislocation density of approimately 10 cm. Calculate the total elastic strain
More informationRecrystallization Theoretical & Practical Aspects
Theoretical & Practical Aspects 27-301, Microstructure & Properties I Fall 2006 Supplemental Lecture A.D. Rollett, M. De Graef Materials Science & Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 1 Objectives The
More informationNanoscale austenite reversion through partitioning, segregation, and kinetic freezing: Example of a ductile 2 GPa Fe-Cr-C steel
*Text only Click here to view linked References Nanoscale austenite reversion through partitioning, segregation, and kinetic freezing: Example of a ductile 2 GPa Fe-Cr-C steel L. Yuan 1, D. Ponge 1, J.
More informationInstructor: Yuntian Zhu. Lecture 5
MSE 791: Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials Module 3: Fundamental Physics and Materials Design Instructor: Yuntian Zhu Office: 308 RBII Ph: 513-0559 ytzhu@ncsu.edu Lecture 5 Grain size effect
More informationDesign of 10%Cr Martensitic Steels for Improved Creep Resistance in Power Plant Applications
Design of 10%Cr Martensitic Steels for Improved Creep Resistance in Power Plant Applications U.A. Sachadel, P.F. Morris, P.D. Clarke Tata Steel Europe 8th International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference
More informationIndentation-induced deformation behavior in martensitic steel observed through in-situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscopy
Materials Science Forum Vols. 503-504 (2006) pp. 239-244 online at http://www.scientific.net (2006) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland No. 114 Indentation-induced deformation behavior in martensitic
More informationMicrostructure and Retained Austenite Characteristics of Ultra High-strength TRIP-aided Martensitic Steels
, pp. 1124 1129 Microstructure and Retained Austenite Characteristics of Ultra High-strength TRIP-aided Martensitic Steels Junya KOBAYASHI, 1) Sung-Moo SONG 2) and Koh-ichi SUGIMOTO 2) 1) Graduate Student,
More informationModule 32. Heat treatment of steel II. Lecture 32. Heat treatment of steel II
Module 32 Heat treatment of steel II Lecture 32 Heat treatment of steel II 1 Keywords : Kinetics of pearlitic transformation, Johnsom Mehl Avrami equation, effect of carbon content on T T T diagram, bainite:
More informationPart IV. Solid-solid transformations I
Part IV : Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I Module 1 : Precipitation Part IV. Solid-solid transformations I In this part, we discuss a few of the important solid-solid transformations, namely, precipitation,
More informationMICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE GRAINED AlMgSi ALLOY PROCESSED BY ECAP AND IT S THERMAL STABILITY.
MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE GRAINED AlMgSi ALLOY PROCESSED BY ECAP AND IT S THERMAL STABILITY. Kovářík Tomáš a Zrník Jozef b a ZČU, Univerzitní 22, 306 14 Plzeň, ČR, kt3@seznam.cz
More informationThermo-Calc Software. Thermo-Calc User Seminar CALCULATING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES TC-PRISMA. Aachen, September 11th, 2008
CALCULATING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES Thermo-Calc User Seminar TC-PRISMA Aachen, September 11th, 2008 http://www.thermocalc.com Phone: +46 8 545 959 30 E-mail: info@thermocalc.se Fax: +46 8 673 3718 Outline
More informationSOLID SOLUTION METAL ALLOYS
SOLID SOLUTION METAL ALLOYS Synergy Effects vs. Segregation Phenomena D. Manova, J. Lutz, S. Mändl, H. Neumann 1 Table of Content Motivation Alloys vs. Pure Elements or Intermetallic Compounds Introduction
More informationInduction and Furnace Tempering
Induction and Furnace Tempering Research Team Xiaoqing Cai Lesly Frame Richard D. Sisson, Jr. Introduction Tempering is usually doing after quenching to increase toughness of martensitic steels. As a result
More informationChapter 1. Iron-Carbon AlloysⅠ. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys
Chapter 1 Iron-Carbon AlloysⅠ Iron pure iron : to be obtained through zone refining adding a small amount of C, Mn, P, S 증가 pure iron 의 allotropic forms Allotropic forms Crystallographic form Unit cube
More informationEach carbon atom causes a tetragonal distortion since the principal
Ferrous alloys Fig. 1: Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram martensite start temperature or M S. The fraction of martensite increases with the undercooling below M S. The martensite in steels is supersaturated
More informationPhysical Metallurgy Friday, January 28, 2011; 8:30 12:00 h
Physical Metallurgy Friday, January 28, 2011; 8:30 12:00 h Always motivate your answers All sub-questions have equal weight in the assessment Question 1 Precipitation-hardening aluminium alloys are, after
More informationThin Products < 75 mm 7055-T7751. Strength (MPa) 500. Thick Products mm Year First Used in Aircraft
Strength and (Extrinsic) Corrosion Resistance Improvements in New 7XXX-Series Alloys - Relative to 7075-T651 All Alloys Still Need Corrosion Protection Schemes 700 650 600 Corrosion Resistance Low Medium
More informationGRAIN GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF NIOBIUM-ALLOYED DIRECT QUENCHED STEELS DURING SLAB REHEATING
GRAIN GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF NIOBIUM-ALLOYED DIRECT QUENCHED STEELS DURING SLAB REHEATING CASR-seminar 19.12.2013 Materials engineering laboratory/ Jaakko Hannula 2 CONTENT Introduction Purpose of the study/
More informationPhase Transformation in Materials
2015 Fall Phase Transformation in Materials 12. 09. 2015 Eun Soo Park Office: 33-313 Telephone: 880-7221 Email: espark@snu.ac.kr Office hours: by an appointment 1 Contents in Phase Transformation Background
More informationMechanisms for Boron Effect on Microstructure and Creep Strength of Ferritic Power Plant Steels
Mechanisms for Boron Effect on Microstructure and Creep Strength of Ferritic Power Plant Steels - Boron Metallurgy of Ferritic Power Plant Steels - Fujio Abe, M Tabuchi and S Tsukamoto National Institute
More informationAs-Quenched Martensite with Precipitation Hardening
Technical Report As-Quenched Martensite with Precipitation Hardening UDC 621. 785. 616 Kazuki FUJIWARA* Kaori KAWANO Abstract The hardness of martensite depends on the content of the interstitial element
More informationAlloy Steels. Chapter 7. Copyright 2007 Dr. Ali Ourdjini.
7 Alloy Steels At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Classify alloy steels Explain: effects of alloying elements to steel properties Discuss: composition, microstructure, mechanical properties
More informationImprovement of Bendability and Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement in Press Hardening Steels
Improvement of Bendability and Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement in Press Hardening Steels Dr. Rafael Mesquita CBMM Dr. Hardy Mohrbacher NiobelCon GDIS2018 Press Hardening Steels: Advantages and Growth
More informationPhases transformation textures in steels
J. Phys. IV France 0 (004) 37-44 EDP Sciences, Les Ulis DOI: 0.05/jp4:004005 Phases transformation textures in steels C. Cabus,, H. Regle and B. Bacroix IRSID-CMC, Voie Romaine, BP. 3030, 5783 Maizières-lès-Metz
More informationA TEM investigation of the influence of nitrogen and cold working on the microstructure of solid solution annealed austenitic stainless steel (316L)
Göteborg 2004-02-24 A TEM investigation of the influence of nitrogen and cold working on the microstructure of solid solution annealed austenitic stainless steel (316L) Introduction The purpose of this
More informationElectron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) an amazing tool for observations of crystal lattice defects in bulk samples
Electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) an amazing tool for observations of crystal lattice defects in bulk samples Stefan Zaefferer with contributions of N. Elhami, (general & steels) Z. Li F. Ram,
More informationThe effect of driving force in Gibbs energy on the fraction of martensite
The effect of driving force in Gibbs energy on the fraction of martensite Erik Andersson Andreas Johansson Supervisor: Associate Prof. Annika Borgenstam 2013 Dept. of Material Science and Engineering Royal
More informationSchematic representation of the development of microstructure. during the equilibrium solidification of a 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu alloy
Schematic representation of the development of microstructure during the equilibrium solidification of a 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu alloy At 1300 ºC (point a) the alloy is in the liquid condition This continues
More informationEffects of Carbon Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Fe 59 Mn 30 Si 6 Cr 5 C X (X ¼ 0:015{0:1 mass%) Shape Memory Alloys
Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 8 (2008) pp. 1853 to 1857 #2008 The Japan Institute of Metals Effects of Carbon Content and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on Fe 59 Mn 30 Si 6 Cr 5 C X (X ¼ 0:015{0:1
More informationLecture 12: High Temperature Alloys
Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 12: High Temperature Alloys Metallic materials capable of operating at ever increasing temperatures are
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment on the Low-temperature Resistance of 42CrMo Steel in Electric Power Fittings
2015 2 nd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2015) ISBN: 978-1-60595-323-6 Effect of Heat Treatment on the Low-temperature Resistance of 42CrMo Steel in Electric Power
More informationChapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11)
Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Study theme outcomes: After studying this chapter, students should or should be able to: - know and understand
More informationModule-6. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms
Module-6 Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Contents 1) Dislocations & Plastic deformation and Mechanisms of plastic deformation in metals 2) Strengthening mechanisms in metals 3) Recovery, Recrystallization
More informationThe Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Forged 6061 Aluminum Alloy
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd 1382 The Effect of Microstructure
More informationCreep Characteristics of Ag-4 wt% Cu Alloy at High Stresses
Egypt. J. Sol., Vol. (24), No. (1), (2001) 79 Creep Characteristics of Ag-4 wt% Cu Alloy at High Stresses A. Fawzy, M.T. Mostafa and F. Abd El-Salam Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams
More informationME254: Materials Engineering Second Midterm Exam 1 st semester December 10, 2015 Time: 2 hrs
ME254: Materials Engineering Second Midterm Exam 1 st semester 1436-1437 December 10, 2015 Time: 2 hrs Problem 1: (24 points) A o = π/4*d o 2 = π/4*17 2 = 227 mm 2 L o = 32 mm a) Determine the following
More informationPart IV : Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I Module 3. Eutectoid transformations
Part IV : Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I Module 3. Eutectoid transformations 3 Eutectoid transformations 3.1 Motivation What are the different microstructural features due to the eutectoid transformation
More informationCHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL
54 CHAPTER 3 SELECTION AND PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL 3.1 HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOY In the proposed work, 7075 Al alloy (high strength) has been identified, as a material for the studies on
More informationModelling Deformation-induced Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels during Hot Rolling
Modelling Deformation-induced Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels during Hot Rolling Zhanli Guo 1,a and A.P. Miodownik 1 1 Sente Software Ltd., Surrey Technology Centre, Guildford GU2 7YG, U.K.
More informationLight and electron microscopy of microstructure and fractography of an ultrahigh-strength martensitic steel
Light and electron microscopy of microstructure and fractography of an ultrahigh-strength martensitic steel Shi, X., Wang, W., Ye, W., Sha, W., Shan, Y., Shen, M., & Yang, K. (2014). Light and electron
More informationEffect of V, Nb and Ti Addition and Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AISI 301L Stainless Steel
, pp. 991 998 Effect of V, Nb and Ti Addition and Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AISI 301L Stainless Steel Masayoshi SAWADA, Kazuhiko ADACHI and Takashi MAEDA Corporate
More informationTutorial 2 : Crystalline Solid, Solidification, Crystal Defect and Diffusion
Tutorial 1 : Introduction and Atomic Bonding 1. Explain the difference between ionic and metallic bonding between atoms in engineering materials. 2. Show that the atomic packing factor for Face Centred
More informationSubject Materials for extreme technical applications Department of Material Engineering, FMMI, VŠB - TUO 4. MARAGING STEELS
4. MARAGING STEELS Classification of chapter: 4.1. Basic chemical composition of Maraging steels 4.2. Principles of manufacturing and influence of chemical composition 4.2.1. Variants of chemical composition
More informationRECRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF α MARTENSITE IN TRANSFORMABLE FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS
RECRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF α MARTENSITE IN TRANSFORMABLE FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS Javad Mola, Bruno C. De Cooman - Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea Jieon Park
More informationAlloy Steels. Engineering Materials. Introduction : Msc. Shaymaa Mahmood
Alloy Steels Introduction : Steels are, essentially, alloys of iron and carbon, containing up to 1.5 % of carbon. Steel is made by oxidizing away the impurities that are present in the iron produced in
More informationEquilibria in Materials
2009 fall Advanced Physical Metallurgy Phase Equilibria in Materials 09.01.2009 Eun Soo Park Office: 33-316 Telephone: 880-7221 Email: espark@snu.ac.kr Office hours: by an appointment 1 Text: A. PRINCE,
More informationDETERMINATION OF GRAIN BOUNDARY MOBILITY IN THE FE-CR SYSTEM BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION
DETERMINATION OF GRAIN BOUNDARY MOBILITY IN THE FE-CR SYSTEM BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION Isaac Toda-Caraballo 1 Dr. Paul Bristowe Dr. Carlos Capdevila 1 Dr. Carlos García de Andrés 1 1 Materalia Group,
More informationTechnical trends in cemented carbides. ITIA September 2012
Technical trends in cemented carbides ITIA September 2012 1 Cemented carbides One of the most successful powder metallurgy products Balance between hardness and toughness: wide range of application Cutting
More informationEffects of Electric Field Treatment on Corrosion Behavior of a Ni-Cr-W-Mo Superalloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 50, No. 7 (2009) pp. 1644 to 1648 Special Issue on New Functions and Properties of Engineering Materials Created by Designing and Processing #2009 The Japan Institute of Metals
More informationXRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, No. 3, June 2002, pp. 213 217. Indian Academy of Sciences. XRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel LI YAJIANG*, WANG
More informationChapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Introduction
Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip
More informationManganese Diffusion in Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steels
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining, Material and Metallurgical Engineering Prague, Czech Republic, August 11-12, 2014 Keynote Lecture II Manganese Diffusion in Third Generation Advanced
More informationKinetics - Heat Treatment
Kinetics - Heat Treatment Nonequilibrium Cooling All of the discussion up till now has been for slow cooling Many times, this is TOO slow, and unnecessary Nonequilibrium effects Phase changes at T other
More informationCharacteristics of Retained Austenite in Quenched High C-High Cr Alloy Steels
Materials Transactions #2009 The Japan Institute of Metals Characteristics of Retained Austenite in Quenched High C-High Cr Alloy Steels Muneo Yaso 1, Shuhei Hayashi 2; *, Shigekazu Morito 2, Takuya Ohba
More informationCHAPTER10. Kinetics Heat Treatment
CHAPTER10 Kinetics Heat Treatment The microstructure of a rapidly cooled eutectic soft solder ( 38 wt%pb 62 wt % Sn) consists of globules of lead-rich solid solution (dark) in a matrix of tin-rich solid
More informationAISI 304 steel: anomalous evolution of martensitic phase following heat treatments at 400 C
Materials Science and Engineering A 438 440 (2006) 202 206 AISI 304 steel: anomalous evolution of martensitic phase following heat treatments at 400 C F. Gauzzi a, R. Montanari a,, G. Principi b, M.E.
More informationISSUES TO ADDRESS...
Chapter 11: Phase Transformations School of Mechanical Engineering Choi, Hae-Jin Materials Science - Prof. Choi, Hae-Jin 1 ISSUES TO DDRESS... Transforming one phase into another takes time. Fe C FCC Eutectoid
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
More informationGrain Boundary Engineering of 10% Cr Ferritic-Martensitic Steel SUH3
ISIJ International, Vol. 55 (2015), ISIJ International, No. 9 Vol. 55 (2015), No. 9, pp. 1973 1979 Grain Boundary Engineering of 10% Cr Ferritic-Martensitic Steel SUH3 Kyosuke HIRAYAMA, 1) Yonosuke YOSHII,
More informationStrengthening Mechanisms. Today s Topics
MME 131: Lecture 17 Strengthening Mechanisms Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Strengthening strategies: Grain strengthening Solid solution strengthening Work hardening
More informationChapter 7 Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Dr. Feras Fraige
Chapter 7 Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Dr. Feras Fraige Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and
More informationMicrostructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine/nano Structured AISI 321 Stainless Steel Produced by Thermo-mechanical Processing
International Journal of ISSI, Vol 12 (2015), No.1, pp. 16-20 Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine/nano Structured AISI 321 Stainless Steel Produced by Thermo-mechanical Processing
More informationProblems to the lecture Physical Metallurgy ( Materialkunde ) Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties
Institut für Metallkunde und Metallphysik Direktor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Günter Gottstein RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen Internet: http://www.imm.rwth-aachen.de E-mail: imm@imm.rwth-aachen.de Tel.: +49 241
More informationLecture 31-36: Questions:
Lecture 31-36: Heat treatment of steel: T-T-T diagram, Pearlitic, Martensitic & Bainitic transformation, effect of alloy elements on phase diagram & TTT diagram, CCT diagram, Annealing, normalizing, hardening
More information