Productive recycling of basic oxygen furnace sludge in integrated steel plant
|
|
- Juliet Cross
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 64, September 2005, pp Productive recycling of basic oxygen furnace sludge in integrated steel plant Raj Kumar Agrawal 1 and Piyush Kant Pandey 2, * 1 Steel Authority of India Limited, Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg Received 07 March 2005; accepted 20 June 2005 The study describes techniques of recycling the gas cleaning plant (GCP) sludge generated during basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel making process. Two different experiments were conducted to gainfully utilize converter sludge in iron making and steel making. The experiments resulted in two different products namely lime sludge briquette (LSB) and dolomite sludge mix (DSM). While LSB is used as a coolant in steel making, DSM is used for sinter production. Each one is having cost effective advantages on one hand and substantially reduced dumping of waste on the other. Keywords: Recycling, Basic oxygen furnace, Sludge, Blast furnace, Pollution Introduction Steel is an exceptionally recyclable material because steel products and by-products are excellent in terms of the reduce, reuse and recycle principle. On proper refining, the recycled products compete favorably with natural materials, improve recycling and preserve non-renewable resources 1. Indian steel industry is yet to reach the high standards achieved by its counterparts in developed world in the arena of waste minimizations and recycling. However, the Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP), Bhilai has taken some very bold steps in this area and very encouraging results are being obtained. One such attempt was the use of mixed pond ash for manufacturing superior quality bricks 2. In continuation of the task, an attempt was made to recycle the sludge obtained from the gas cleaning plant of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) more popularly known as LD converter. This research has particularly targeted the slurry from BOF for it s recycling. In all major steel producing countries, this slurry, which contains zinc content too high to directly recycle, is put into a settling tank and the water is pressed out of the slurry. The remaining fraction is either stockpiled or landfilled. Steel companies are prospecting for the processes to economically retrieve the zinc and iron units 3. This paper describes a breakthrough achieved which portents great savings economically and environmentally. *Author for correspondence Tel: ; Fax: bitdurg@sancharnet.ac.in Experimental Details Process Description Integrated steel production relies principally on virgin ore as the iron source and the use of some iron scrap is being made. The iron ore, mainly hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) in India, is either sintered or pelletized and is then reacted with coke, preheated air and auxiliary fuels in the blast furnace (BF) to yield molten pig iron. This hot metal is then transformed into steel in and further processed before casting and rolling. Steel is an alloy of iron (< 1% carbon). Integrated steel plants produce steel by refining iron ore in several steps and produce very high quality steel with wellcontrolled chemical compositions to meet all product quality requirements. In BSP, three LD converters (capacity, 130 ton each) are installed. Steel is made in LD converters by lancing pure oxygen, which converts the carbon present in pig iron into carbon mono-oxide. Oxygen is blown through lances into the converter charged with hot metal, iron scrap, ferroalloys, lime and iron ore. Iron ore is used as a coolant, which adjusts hot metal scrap ratio to large extent. High purity oxygen blown into the furnace removes carbon and silicon in the molten iron mainly by oxidation. The basic oxide furnace is fed with fluxes to remove siliceous impurities. Certain alloying materials may also be added to enhance the characteristics of the steel. During oxygen blowing process, a large amount of fumes and gases are generated, which contain fine particles of the charged materials and carbon monooxide (CO) gas.
2 AGRAWAL & PANDEY: RECYCLING OF BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE SLUDGE STEEL PLANT 703 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of basic oxygen furnace (LD Converter) and gas cleaning plant (GCP) Such discharges may vitiate the already stressed atmosphere existing in steel cities 4,5. Hence, this polluted gas is cleaned before discharge to the atmosphere. The gas is quenched and cooled using water and cleaned of suspended solids and metals. Evaporation of water due to high temperature saturates the gases with moisture. The trickled down water along with coarse dust particles is collected in expansion chamber and drained out to hydraulic guard tank. Gas, which is partially cleaned and cooled, passes through a Venturi where it attains high velocity. This leaves the occluded water particles behind, which subsequently separates out in elbow separator by centrifugal action. The wet slurry is discharged into hydraulic guard tank. The outgoing gas then passes through a zigzag path in baffle separator that removes the remaining dust particles and moisture. In the process of cleaning, the buoyancy is an unavoidable trade-off. Therefore, the gases are sucked by an I.D. fan to counter the negative draft. A change over device finally directs the outgoing gases either to recovery side or to the atmosphere. A high content of CO in the gas makes it suitable for its subsequent use as a fuel gas. Hence, in the recovery part, the gas is stored in a gasholder. However, CO content is variable therefore, a portion of the gas in different stages of the furnace operation is exhausted to the atmosphere through flare stack after combustion (Fig. 1). Slurry water from saturator, expansion chamber, elbow and baffle separator is collected in hydraulic tank guard. It is then discharged to radial settling tank through launder. Radial settling tank deposits, henceforth called GCP Sludge, is dumped in the landfill. Large production of this sludge has made it an environmental nuisance for the steel industry. Materials and Methods GCP sludge contains primarily iron oxide and free lime. Although BOF sludge is not suitable revert for use in BF because of high zinc content in other countries, whereas in India scrap is largely free from zinc. GCP sludge, analyzed by X-Ray fluorescence method, showed presence of high Fe content, which on recycling produced two types of products. (i) Lime sludge briquette (LSB); and (ii) Dolomite sludge mix (DSM). The major difficulty encountered when recycling sludge to iron or steel making is the moisture removal and material handling. Lime Sludge Briquette (LSB) Chemically, GCP sludge was found rich in iron oxides and total Fe content. CO used for drying is produced as a by-product in coke manufacturing in the coke ovens. CO gas burners were installed in an in-house furnace specially designed for the elimination of water component. Converter sludge was dried at 200 o C in CO gas fired furnace for
3 704 J SCI IND RES VOL 64 SEPTEMBER 2005 appropriate time. The dried sludge was screened and the size fraction ( 5 mm), collected after demagnetization, was charged into mixer of briquetting machine. Lime, used as the binder in briquetting process, was charged through a separate line into the mixer, and proportion was adjusted to form briquettes of adequate handling strength in briquetting machine. These briquettes were used as a coolant and replacement of iron ore in converter during steel making. Dolomite Sludge Mix (DSM) In LSB manufacture, CO, a by-product from coke ovens, was used to dry sludge. In this experiment, moisture and handling problem were overcome by a unique process of dehydration. Sludge dehydration was achieved by mixing sludge with hot dolomite collected from dust chamber of rotary kiln during calcination/sintering of raw dolomite. Calcination of dolomite, an essential step during sinter making operation, is carried out in sintering plants. The process of calcination/sintering of dolomite is carried out in the rotary kiln where the pulverized coal is supplied with a jet of the compressed air. Thus, large amount of fines, which are carried away by hot flue gases, is unavoidable in this process. Theses fines are separated from the flue gases in the dust chamber (temp, 600 C). At the time of disposal, these fines are generally at C. BSP envisaged using this heat energy for dehydration of GCP sludge. These outgoing gases from rotary kiln comprise of flue gases, ash, and dolomite fines. The rate of generation of rotary kiln fines is more than 40 ton/d. Prior to this experiment, these fines were cooled and then sent to dump yard as landfills. GCP sludge from converter was sprayed on the dolomite fines obtained from the rotary kiln. To achieve the same, a recycling process was developed in the plant premises. BOF sludge was supplied in tippers to the dolomite plant. Blending of the hot dolomite (~400 C) with sludge was done layer by layer with the help of grab bucket. The sludge was blended with dolomite in a predetermined mix ratios using layering effect of sludge dolomite sludge and so on. The mix ratios are not divulged here in view of the commercial significance of this process. The process uses available heat from hot dolomite to dehydrate the sludge and it resulted in a huge savings in drying costs. The treated mix is then allowed to cool for approx h. The undersize mix was then transported in rail wagons to the ore handling and preparation plant where it was mixed with the iron ore fines. Care was taken that in the preparation of iron ore fines, the moisture should not exceed (7%) in so prepared mix. Thus, the sludge was converted to non-dusting, free flowing material suitable as iron ore fines to be used in sinter making machine for sinter production. These sinters were charged in BF for making iron. Results and Discussion The major issues in GCP sludge recycling effort are economy and probable effects on the quality of steel produced. Generation of GCP sludge is 8 kg/ton of crude steel productions. For producing 1.8 million ton steel per annum, BSP dumps about ton sludge every year at a rate of production of 40 ton/d. After implementation of this scheme, entire quantity is utilized and the generation rate has reduced to 7.4 kg/ton. Chemically, GCP sludge contains mainly iron (50%), calcium oxide (16%), and magnesium oxide (4-5%), besides alumina, silica, basic oxides and zinc. Operationally, the final moisture content of mix is critical for proper handling and charging. Too low moisture may cause dust generation and too high may cause plugging of hoppers and bins. Presence of moisture may lead to the following problems: (i) Explosion in converter vessel may take place because the presence of O 2 and high temperature generation of H 2 ; (ii) Disintegration of briquettes will take place due to hydration of lime; and (iii) Wet sludge/briquette does not flow smoothly through Vibro-feeders and can cause chute jamming and lump formation in the bunker. Experiments showed that sludge (moisture, 3-4%) is optimum to avoid the above problems. A moisture level (< 3-4%) causes excessive fugitive dust, and moisture level (> 7%) starts choking in the flow line and equipments. Two tests, Shatter and Tumbler, were carried out to find out the suitability of the briquettes for industrial applications. In Shatter test, 20 kg of briquettes was allowed to fall 5 times from a height (2 m) on a steel plate (40 mm thick). The percentage fraction ( 5 mm), which remained intact, was reported as Shatter Index, which for 5 samples was found as follows: sample I, 89.2; II, 89.4; III, 90.1; IV, 91.0; and V, For Tumbler test, 15 kg of briquette was subjected to tumbling in a drum (diam, 1000 mm; height, 500 mm). The drum was rotated at 25 rpm for 8 min. The percentage fraction (+6.3 mm) was reported as Tumbler Index, which for 3 samples was found as follows: sample I, 75.8; II, 79.2; and III,
4 AGRAWAL & PANDEY: RECYCLING OF BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE SLUDGE STEEL PLANT 705 Fig. 2 Composition of lime sludge briquette (LSB) Fig. 3.Chemistry of dolomite fines Fig. 4 Composition of dolomite sludge mix (DSM) Results of both indexes show a high degree of suitability for the respective applications. Major components of LSB are CaO and Fe (Fig. 2). Initially, LSB (1 ton) was fed to the converter. On satisfactory performance, the quantity was increased (2, 5, 10 and now 15 ton) of LSB, which is being supplied every day. Thus, BSP is able to consume entire sludge this way. The use of iron rich GCP sludge has reduced the iron ore addition in the BOF converter. The reduced oxygen consumption is another benefit; as the presence of oxides is high in the GCP sludge. Further, the converter sludge, having high percentage of lime, would reduce lime consumption also. The most significant engineering benefit was in the form of a good vessel coating, which was achieved in using LSB. A better coating of the BOF directly results into a longer life of the coating of the converter. Experiments using dolomite fines have provided even better results (Fig. 3). In this process, the sludge dehydration was achieved by mixing it with hot dolomite fines (~400 O C) to produce low moisture material suitable for charging in sinter machine as a replacement of iron ore fines. The presence of an appreciable percentage of CaO and MgO in DSM (Fig. 4) makes it a suitable feed for the BF. In blast furnace, DSM is used in the form of pellet, which is manufactured by supplying DSM through vibro-feeders. In this process, the chute jamming and lump formation in the bunker are the major problems. To avoid these problems, the optimal moisture content (5%) in the DSM was maintained. This resulted in a proper flow ability of the mix ensuring a smooth operation. Greater economy by the use of otherwise wasted heat and the chemical properties of the DSM have proved the advantages, which can be accrued by such researches. Fiscal calculation shows that a saving of more than $10 per ton of steel produced is easily attained by this method. Thus, this research has successfully invented the method of waste recycling suitable to the Indian conditions. Another major technological issue concerns the high cooling effect of the oxidized by-products of BOF. The dust, scales and sludge from iron- and steel making processes, which usually have high iron content, are in oxidized form virtually without exception. Iron oxide containing material can be used as a substitutive coolant during converter blowing process. Traditionally scrap and iron ore (usually pellets or sinter) are used as coolants. Charging iron oxide to converter may also speed up slag formation in the beginning of the process and decarburization reactions. One of the biggest problems concerning utilization of oxidized by-products in BOF-steel making is probably a high cooling effect. This decreases the scrap melting capacity of a converter, which may reduce total amount of steel produced. Adding a reductant with the by-
5 706 J SCI IND RES VOL 64 SEPTEMBER 2005 product charge could diminish this problem. It is also possible to prevent oxidation of dust in some cases, when the cooling effect decreases. Anyway, at least sinter, which is used as a secondary coolant, could be replaced by a by-product with a high iron oxide content. The cooling effect of sinter is close to cooling effects of several dust, scales and sludge. The amount of dust produced during converter process may be increased when by-products are added. Some elements are also enriched in the dust. These factors may increase scaffold formation on the inner surface of the flue gas duct. Using by-products as raw material may increase content of some elements in raw steel. However, this experiment has successfully countered the problems identified as above because the actual trials in both BOF and BF have shown no adverse effect on the product quality and quantity. In this study, there was no negative cooling effect in either of the furnace following the mix proportions devised. Both experiments have developed a unique technology of sludge recycling in BSP in an environment-friendly way. Owing to its simplicity and visible benefits, the DSM technology has already been adopted by BSP. Overall, the use of LSB or DSM is advantageous due to the following reasons: (1) Iron ore use has been eliminated partially; (2) Reduction in oxygen consumption is envisaged; (3) Reduction in lime consumption; (4) Good coating of converter vessel was seen; (5) Land filling is reduced; (6) This has helped in controlling final temperature by reducing desired tapping temperature; and (7) Longer life and thus less frequent repairs of the BOF lining. Conclusions Converter sludge briquette/mix (LSB, DSM) are low cost, in-house produced by-products, which have been found to be valuable recyclable material. Their use is an eco-friendly solution to the problem of landfill disposal of huge quantity of BOF sludge, which is becoming increasingly unaffordable. This study will result in a net return to any integrated steel plant by the recovery of iron, reduced landfill cost and substantial reduction in steel making cost. Through this work, a viable industrial process has been developed for treating steel making sludge to produce useful by-product having improved flow rate properties in a recycling system. LSB and DSM are environment friendly and portend substantial cost savings. Acknowledgments Authors sincerely acknowledge the support provided by the Management of Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai. RKA acknowledges the support of Bhilai Institute of Technology. References 1 Hiltunen A & Poylio E, Sustainable development as a basis for recycling in the steel industry, in Seminar on Economic Aspects of Clean Technologies, Energy and Waste Management in the Steel Industry (UNECE, Linz), Pandey P K & Agrawal R K, Utilisation of mixed pond ash in an integrated steel plant for making superior quality bricks, Bull Mater Sci, 25 (2002) USEPA, Profile of the Iron and Steel Industry (EPA/310-R ) (U S Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D C) 1995, Pandey P K, Patel K S & Subrat P, Trace elemental composition of atmospheric particulate in central India, Sci Total Environ, 215 (1998) Pandey P K, Patel K S & Lenicek J, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Need of assessment of health risks in India? Study of an urban industrial location in India, Env Monit Asses, 59 (1999)
Development of EAF Dust Recycling and Melting Technology Using the Coal-based FASTMELT Process
Development of Recycling and Melting Technology Using the -based FASTMELT Process By M. Tateishi, H. Fujimoto, T. Harada, H. Sugitatsu Kobe Steel, Ltd. Editor s note: this article was adapted from a paper
More informationInnovations in Iron and Steel at JSW Steel Ltd
Innovations in Iron and Steel at JSW Steel Ltd Background Incoming iron ore fines of JSW are of wide variation in physical and chemical properties. The higher gangue content (Al2O3+SiO2) and the ultra
More informationWASTE TO WEALTH. Utilisation of High Oxide bearing Sludge/Dust as Coolant in BOF
WASTE TO WEALTH Utilisation of High Oxide bearing Sludge/Dust as Coolant in BOF By: Vinod Arora and Pawan Verma All the past years, the need was not felt strongly for Reduce, Reuse, Recycle or Recover
More informationUTILIZATIONOF SOLID WASTE FROM STEEL MELTING SHOP. A House of Engineering Excellence
UTILIZATIONOF SOLID WASTE FROM STEEL MELTING SHOP 1 UTILIZATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM STEEL MELTING SHOP Presentation by Shri Bikas Pandey, MECON Limited, Ranchi At MECON Community Hall MIST 2016, 30 th
More informationEnvironmentally Friendly Process Technology at Hirohata Works
Technology Environmentally Friendly Process Technology at Hirohata Works UDC 669. 054. 83 : 629. 11. 012. 5 Masao IGUCHI* Kazutaka MATSUMOTO Tsuyoshi YAMAZAKI Abstract In 1993, Nippon Steel Corporation
More informationPyrometallurgy of iron is still the most important pyrometallurgical process economically.
1 Pyrometallurgy of iron is still the most important pyrometallurgical process economically. Prehistorically, iron was prepared by simply heating it with charcoal in a fired clay pot. Coke is coal that
More informationRECYCLING OF FERROUS BY-PRODUCTS IN IRON AND STEEL PLANTS
RECYCLING OF FERROUS BY-PRODUCTS IN IRON AND STEEL PLANTS Jörg Schwelberger, Chrisitan Brunner, Alexander Fleischanderl, Zijad Mandara PRIMETALS Technologies Austria GmbH, A joint venture of Siemens, Mitsubishi
More informationDust Recycling System by the Rotary Hearth Furnace
UDC 669. 054. 83 : 66. 041. 49 Dust Recycling System by the Rotary Hearth Furnace Hiroshi ODA* 1 Tetsuharu IBARAKI* 1 Youichi ABE* 2 Abstract Dust recycling technology by the rotary hearth furnace has
More informationIntroduction. 1. MIDREX R process
Kobe Steel, along with MIDREX Technologies, is the world leader in direct reduction (DR) technologies. Kobe Steel has developed a coal based DR process which utilizes non-coking coal as a reductant instead
More informationOXYFINES TM TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RE-MELTING OF FINES, DUST AND SLUDGE
OXYFINES TM TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RE-MELTING OF FINES, DUST AND SLUDGE J. von Schéele Linde AG, Gas Division; SE-18181 Lidingö, Sweden. E-mail: joachim.von.scheele@linde-gas.com ABSTRACT OXYFINES TM is an
More informationShaun Moss Mars Society Australia June 2006
Shaun Moss Mars Society Australia shaunmoss@yahoo.com.au June 2006 Steel is Good! Arguably the most useful material on Earth:! Cheap! Strong! Lightweight! Recyclable! Versatile! The basic material for
More informationCorex An ideal concept for economic and environmental friendly steel production
Corex An ideal concept for economic and environmental friendly steel production Restricted Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH 2013 All rights reserved. siemens-vai.com Outline Corex Corex general Corex
More informationFINEX - AN OLD VISION OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY BECOMES REALITY*
FINEX - AN OLD VISION OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY BECOMES REALITY* Shibu John 1 Christian Boehm 2 Wolfgang Sterrer 3 Norbert Rein 4 Yi Sang-ho 5 Shin Sungkee 6 Abstract Rising energy demand and steadily
More informationIRONMAKING. solutions for processing direct-reduced iron (DRI) and by-products. Blast Furnace A, voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria
48 8 IRONMAKING papers will be presented by Primetals Technologies specialists at the ESTAD Congress covering the topics of blast furnace ironmaking, Corex and Finex smeltingreduction technology, and solutions
More informationEnvironmental system effects when including scrap preheating and surface cleaning in steel making routes
Environmental system effects when including scrap preheating and surface cleaning in steel making routes Marianne Östman 1,*, Katarina Lundkvist 1, Mikael Larsson 1 1 Swerea MEFOS, Luleå, Sweden * Corresponding
More informationCaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 MgCO 3 MgO + CO 2 CaCO 3 MgCO 3 CaO MgO + 2 CO 2 FeCO 3 FeO + CO 2 FeO + CO Fe +CO 2
A. Fundamentals 1. Introduction 1.1 Principle mechanism Shaft kilns and cupola furnaces are used for the mass conversion and melting of granular and coarse materials. The material is transported through
More informationMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL (preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap C22B 1/00; electric heating H05B)
CPC - C21B - 2017.08 C21B MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL (preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap C22B 1/00; electric heating H05B) The production of iron or steel starting from iron ores, e.g. the
More informationHOW A BLAST FURNACE WORKS
HOW A BLAST FURNACE WORKS Introduction The purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called "hot metal". The blast furnace is a huge, steel
More informationTOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY. By N. Ramachandran, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd
TOTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY By N. Ramachandran, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd Large quantities of water are required to produce steel and steel products - typically 180-200 m 3 of water per
More informationReduction in Charge Requirements of Hismeltiron-Making Process in Indian Context
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-6, Issue-12, pp-102-108 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Reduction in Charge Requirements of Hismeltiron-Making
More informationProduction of Iron and Steels
MME 131: Lecture 24 Production of Iron and Steels Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Topics to discuss 1. Importance of iron and steels 2. The smelting of iron in Blast Furnace 3. The
More informationBy-Products from EAF Dust Recycling and Their Valorisation. Vlad POPOVICI
By-Products from EAF Dust Recycling and Their Valorisation Bredero Shaw, Canada 5 th Global Slag Conference, Brussels, 23-24 November 2009 Agenda Electric Arc Furnace Dust Global Production EAF Dust Recycling
More informationIntegrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industries
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the December 2001 Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Reference Document
More informationcalcium oxide removes acidic oxides basic oxides acidic oxides basic oxides Iron obtained from the blast furnace is contaminated with
1 Iron from a blast furnace is treated with and with calcium oxide to make steel. Which substances in the are removed? removes calcium oxide removes acidic oxides basic oxides acidic oxides basic oxides
More informationMetallurgy and lining life in basic oxygen converters
Metallurgy and lining life in basic oxygen converters Good control of slag development, oxygen flow and lance practice, and use of bottom stirring and re-blow practice are key aspects of the metallurgical
More informationIn conjunction with MJAC Midland Joint Advisory Council for Environmental Protection. Present. Advanced Module IV
In conjunction with MJAC Midland Joint Advisory Council for Environmental Protection Established 1928 Present Advanced Seminar IV Taking Legal Action Advanced Module IV Session 2 Introduction to Ferrous
More informationPILOT PLANT PRODUCTION OF FERRONICKEL FROM NICKEL OXIDE ORES AND DUSTS IN A DC ARC FURNACE. Abstract
PILOT PLANT PRODUCTION OF FERRONICKEL FROM NICKEL OXIDE ORES AND DUSTS IN A DC ARC FURNACE I.J Kotzé (Pyrometallurgy Division, Mintek, South Africa) E-mail for correspondence: isabelk@mintek.co.za Abstract
More informationGranular material for use in the construction industry. Aggregates can be natural, industrially manufactured
SLAG VON A Z A AGGREGATES Granular material for use in the construction industry. Aggregates can be natural, industrially manufactured or recycled. AIR-COOLED BLAST FURNACE SLAG During slow cooling of
More informationHIGHVELD STEEL PROSPECTUS IRON MAKING PLANT 1
HIGHVELD STEEL PROSPECTUS IRON MAKING PLANT 1 January 2018 IRON MAKING PLANT 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Highveld Steel and Vanadium was founded in 1960 with the objective of building a unique plant with the ability
More informationSintering studies of Iron Ore Fines of Hospet-Sandur-Bellary sector, Karnataka, India
744 Sintering studies of Iron Ore Fines of Hospet-Sandur-Bellary sector, Karnataka, India Anand V.Kulkarni*, H.M.Jayasheela** *(Manager-Geology, Hospet Steel Limited, Koppal, Karnataka. Email: dravk1309@gmail.com)
More informationCLEANER PRODUCTION GUIDELINES IN SMELTING INDUSTRIESS
2015 CLEANER PRODUCTION GUIDELINES IN COPPER SMELTING INDUSTRIESS Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre (Established by Industries & Mines Department, GoG) ENVIS Centre on: Cleaner Production/Technology Supported
More informationCEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS Definition: Defined as a product material obtained by calcination of calcareous (a material containing lime) and argillaceous (a material which contain silica) materials. According
More informationSintering of iron ore
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DHANBAD Sintering of iron ore [project & seminar] By abhishek malakar 2015 Please myabhishekmalakar.wordpress.com use purchased version to remove this message. Sintering of Iron
More informationIbrayev I.K., Ibrayeva O.T., Zhaksybayeva G. Sh.
The technology of processing high moisture ferriferous slime to obtain a complex iron-carbon-containing materials for metallurgical processing and new commercial products Ibrayev I.K., Ibrayeva O.T., Zhaksybayeva
More informationHYL III: Status And Trends
HYL III: Status And Trends by Raúl Quintero, President HYL Technology Division, Hylsa, S.A. de C.V. presented at the Gorham/Intertech Conference on Iron & Steel Scrap, Scrap Substitutes and Direct Steel
More informationPYROMETALLURGY OF IRON
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Pyrometallurgy of Iron Common sources of iron-bearing ores: PYROMETALLURGY OF IRON Oxide Ores Stoicheometry Iron Content (wt%) Magnetite
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB28663-2012 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB ICS 13 040 20 Z 63 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Emission standard of air
More informationDr. Joseph J Poveromo, Raw Materials & Ironmaking Global Consulting DR Pellet Quality & MENA Applications
Dr. Joseph J Poveromo, Raw Materials & Ironmaking Global Consulting joe.poveromo@rawmaterialsiron.com DR Pellet Quality & MENA Applications Chemistry Considerations direct reduction processes: chemical
More informationChallenges and limiting factors for the Recycling of steel scrap in Europe
Challenges and limiting factors for the Recycling of steel scrap in Europe International Workshop on Technospheric Mining 2 nd October 2015 Philip Bundschuh Table of Content Scrap availability trading
More informationSteel Making Prof. Deepak Mazumdar Prof. S. C. Koria Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Steel Making Prof. Deepak Mazumdar Prof. S. C. Koria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 19 Modern Steelmaking II, Electric
More informationSHADEED IRON & STEEL OMAN, SOHAR PORT THE FIRST HOTLINK STEEL PLANT
OMAN, SOHAR PORT THE FIRST HOTLINK STEEL PLANT 1 TOPICS Introduction SHADEED Project History SHADEED Design Basis DRI Hotlink Technology Advantages of Hotlink Melt shop Design basis Conclusions 2 SHADEED
More informationSession II: DRI in focus. DRI in use: How can DRI (HBI) be utilized in the Blast Furnace and BOF? by Ralph Smailer, Director/Owner Metserv
Session II: DRI in focus DRI in use: How can DRI (HBI) be utilized in the Blast Furnace and BOF? by Ralph Smailer, Director/Owner Metserv Ironmaking and Steelmaking Practices with HBI Blast Furnace Practice
More informationPelletizing technologies for iron ore
Pelletizing technologies for iron ore The Outokumpu partnership As one of the world s leading developers and suppliers of technology, Outokumpu Technology designs and delivers plants, processes and equipment
More informationCircular Pelletizing Technology
Metal Bulletin s World DRI and Pellet Congress 29 th 30 th, Abu Dhabi Circular Pelletizing Technology A smart combination Christoph Aichinger, Siemens VAI We didn t invent Pelletizing. We just made it
More informationStudy of the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Various Proportions of Steel Mill Scale as Fine Aggregate
Study of the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Various Proportions of Steel Mill Scale as Fine Aggregate Akhinesh K 1, Jithu G Francis 1, Junaid K T 1, Jishnulal K 1, Jeril Netto Joseph 1, Remya Neelancherry
More informationManufacture of Pig Iron Concentration Calcination Smelting Blast furnace Chemistry of reactions in Blast furnace. 15CY101: Chemistry SRM University 2
Manufacture of Pig Iron Concentration Calcination Smelting Blast furnace Chemistry of reactions in Blast furnace. 15CY101: Chemistry SRM University Iron is very reactive and is found in nature in form
More informationUtilization of mixed pond ash in integrated steel plant for manufacturing superior quality bricks
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, No. 5, October 2002, pp. 443 447. Indian Academy of Sciences. Utilization of mixed pond ash in integrated steel plant for manufacturing superior quality bricks PIYUSH KANT PANDEY*
More informationNEW EAF DUST TREATMENT PROCESS : ESRF MICHIO NAKAYAMA *
NEW EAF DUST TREATMENT PROCESS : ESRF BY MICHIO NAKAYAMA * SYNOPSYS: Electric arc furnaces (EAF) generate much dust during operation, which contains very high percentages of zinc, lead, and iron, as well
More informationUnleashing the Potential of By-Products
Unleashing the Potential of By-Products 10 th January 2018 Mr. T V Narendran, CEO & MD, TATA STEEL 2 Waste Management Summit 2017 The key idea 1 Prevention 2 Minimisation 3 Reuse November 2017 4 Recycle
More informationWASTE TYRE RECYCLING PLANT
WASTE TYRE RECYCLING PLANT The whole pyrolysis system is mainly composed by 14 parts, which are reactor, insulation layer, furnace, transmission device, oil-water separator, depositing tank, cooling pool,
More informationLOW-SILICON FERROSILICON PRODUCTION FROM IRON ORE MATERIALS IN AN OXYGEN REACTOR
LOW-SILICON FERROSILICON PRODUCTION FROM IRON ORE MATERIALS IN AN OXYGEN REACTOR A.V. Pavlov, K.L. Kossyrev, A.E. Semin, А. Korostylev and V.A. Grygorian Moscow Steel and Alloys Institute, Leninsky pr.
More informationPart III: Slag Practices and Oxygen/Carbon Injection when Melting Direct Reduced Iron
Use of DRI in EAF s Gregory L. Dressel Dressel Technologies Pawleys Island, SC Part III: Slag Practices and Oxygen/Carbon Injection when Melting Direct Reduced Iron Introduction When melting DRI or HBI
More informationDevelopments of OJSC Scientific-Research Institute of Metallurgical Heat Engineering (VNIIMT)
Developments of OJSC Scientific-Research Institute of Metallurgical Heat Engineering (VNIIMT) OJSC Scientific-Research Institute of Metallurgical Heat Engineering (VNIIMT) established in 1930 as Ural Division
More informationResearches on the production of self-reducing briquettes from waste containing iron and carbon
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Researches on the production of self-reducing briquettes from waste containing iron and carbon To cite this article: E Ardelean et al
More informationself evaluation 1.Stannite deposits constitute an important source for which of the following metal
self evaluation self evaluation 1.Stannite deposits constitute an important source for which of the following metal a) Thorium b) Titanium c) Molybdenum d) Tin 2. In mineral beneficiation a) Mineral is
More informationIron and Steel Manufacturing. 40 CFR Part 420
Iron and Steel Manufacturing 40 CFR Part 420 Description of the Industry Three basic types for facilities Integrated steel mills Non-integrated steel mills Stand-alone facilities Iron and Steelmaking Operations
More informationBenchmarking for Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Steel Plants
Benchmarking for Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Steel Plants The IIM Delhi Chapter, 15 th September 2017 1 Prabhat Kumar Ghorui Sr. Vice President JSW Steel Ltd., Bellary, Karnataka Presentation Flow
More informationEAF DUST TREATMENT FOR HIGH METAL RECOVERY MICHIO NAKAYAMA *
EAF DUST TREATMENT FOR HIGH METAL RECOVERY BY MICHIO NAKAYAMA * SYNOPSYS: Electric arc furnaces (EAF) generate much dust during operation, which contains very high percentages of zinc, lead, and iron,
More informationRecent progress of hot stage processing for steelmaking slags in China considering stability and heat recovery. Guangqiang Li, Hongwei Ni
Recent progress of hot stage processing for steelmaking slags in China considering stability and heat recovery Guangqiang Li, Hongwei Ni Contents Introduction Treating and heat recovery system for steelmaking
More informationMetallurgical Gas Cleaning System Design for Emissions Control and Energy Efficiency
Metallurgical Gas Cleaning System Design for Emissions Control and Energy Efficiency Paykan Safe and Matt Russell WorleyParsons GCT 111 Ferguson Court Suite 103 Irving, TX, USA 75062 ABSTRACT Metallurgical
More informationIRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN CHINA
IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN CHINA Kuang-di Xu Chinese Academy of Engineering, China ABSTRACT China s iron and steel industry enjoys accelerated development thanks
More informationExploring possibility of exploiting old known processes to create a new process J.M. Sathaye.
Exploring possibility of exploiting old known processes to create a new process J.M. Sathaye jm_sathaye@yahoo.co.in Abstract Since the low shaft furnace was experimented in the early 1950 s, attempts have
More informationTECHNICAL REPORT September 1 through November 30,1994. DOE Cooperative Agreement Number: DE-FC22-92PC92521(Year 3) ICCI Project Number:
TECHNICAL REPORT September 1 through November 30,1994 Project Title: PRODUCTION OF INORGANIC PELLET BINDERS FROM FLY ASH DOE Cooperative Agreement Number: DE-FC22-92PC92521(Year 3) ICCI Project Number:
More informationMASTER'S THESIS. Thermodynamic Study of Trace Elements in the Blast Furnace and Basic Oxygen Furnace. Anton Andersson 2014
MASTER'S THESIS Thermodynamic Study of Trace Elements in the Blast Furnace and Basic Oxygen Furnace Anton Andersson 2014 Master of Science in Engineering Technology Sustainable Process Engineering Luleå
More informationENVIRONMENT STATEMENT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING 31 ST MARCH 2014.
ENVIRONMENT STATEMENT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING 31 ST MARCH 2014. PART A 1. Name and address of the owner of SRI ANUTOSH MAITRA the industry operation or process Chief Executive Officer SAIL / Bokaro
More informationABOUT SLRM. SLRMetaliksiscertifiedbyQMSISO9001:2008, EMS ISO14001:2004andOHSAS 18001:2007 in 2015
1 ABOUT SLRM SLRMetaliksiscertifiedbyQMSISO9001:2008, EMS ISO14001:2004andOHSAS 18001:2007 in 2015 Located near Hospet, World heritage center and steel city of Karnataka, spread out in more than 200 acres
More informationIRISH CEMENT PLATIN INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
IRISH CEMENT PLATIN INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE INTRODUCTION Investing in our future. The next phase of investment in Platin will see further energy efficiency improvements with on site electricity generation
More informationGE Power. Smarter. Cleaner. Industry. Iron & Steel 2017 STEAM POWER SYSTEMS INDUSTRY PRODUCT CATALOG
GE Power Smarter. Cleaner. Industry. Iron & Steel 2017 STEAM POWER SYSTEMS INDUSTRY PRODUCT CATALOG PORTFOLIO AND OVERVIEW IRON & STEEL, NON-FERROUS AND MINING INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS GE has supplied air quality
More informationLecture 19: Emerging Steelmaking Technologies
Lecture 19: Emerging Steelmaking Technologies Contents: Basis Energy Optimizing Furnace CONARC Key words: EOF, CONARC Basis: To develop ecological balance technology. Such a technology would require processing
More informationRecent Progress in Ironmaking Technology for CO2 Mitigation at JFE Steel
JFE TECHNICAL REPORT No. 19 (Mar. 2014) Recent Progress in Ironmaking Technology for CO2 Mitigation at JFE Steel SATO Michitaka*1 YAMAMOTO Tetsuya*2 SAKURAI Masaaki*3 Abstract: In order to contribute of
More informationCopper Smelting Slideshow
Copper Smelting Slideshow What is copper smelting? The method of extracting pure elemental copper (Cu) from copper concentrate (CuFeS 2 ). Smelting Furnace Smelting is carried out in a structure called
More information5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 9: METALS 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 9: METALS
5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 9: METALS 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 9: METALS SUB-TOPIC 9.3 TO 5 EXTRACTION OF METALS; RECYLING OF METALS; IRON LEARNING OUTCOMES
More informationREDESIGN OF SECONDARY MAGNESIUM METALLURGY IN THE COMPLEX MG SERBIEN
REDESIGN OF SECONDARY MAGNESIUM METALLURGY IN THE COMPLEX MG SERBIEN Jelena ULJAREVIĆ Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Željko KAMBEROVIĆ, Gordana KOKEZA, Darko
More informationExperimental Research on Reducing the Dust of BOF in CO 2 and O 2 Mixed Blowing Steelmaking Process
, pp. 1694 1699 Experimental Research on Reducing the Dust of BOF in CO 2 and O 2 Mixed Blowing Steelmaking Process Cao YI, 1) Rong ZHU, 1) Bo-yu CHEN, 2) Can-rong WANG 2) and Jian-Xiang KE 2) 1) Metallurgical
More informationProposals for new NFM BAT conclusions for Ferro-Alloys production
EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Sustainable Production and Consumption Unit European IPPC Bureau Seville, 26 May 2011 Proposals for new NFM BAT
More informationRAW MATERIALS
RAW MATERIALS General The major Raw Materials required for production of Pellets by the Grate chain technology are graded Iron Ore fines and Bentonite. Coke/H.S.D./L.D.O. is being used as a Fuel. IRON
More informationBRIQUETTED CHROME ORE FINES UTILISATION IN FERROCHROME PRODUCTION AT ZIMBABWE ALLOYS
BRIQUETTED CHROME ORE FINES UTILISATION IN FERROCHROME PRODUCTION AT ZIMBABWE ALLOYS N.R. Shoko and N.N. Malila Zimbabwe Alloys Limited, P.O.Box 530, Gweru, Zimbabwe. E-mail: nshoko@zal.co.zw and nmalila@zal.co.zw
More informationSummary of findings from HYBRIT Pre-Feasibility Study
Fe₂O₃ A joint venture between SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall H₂O Summary of findings from HYBRIT Pre-Feasibility Study 2016 2017 This work was funded by the Swedish Energy Agency, SSAB, LKAB, and Vattenfall
More information9/12/2018. Course Objectives MSE 353 PYROMETALLURGY. Prerequisite. Course Outcomes. Forms of Assessment. Course Outline
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana MSE 353 PYROMETALLURGY Course Objectives Understand the fundamental concepts of pyrometallurgy Understand the concepts of materials and energy
More informationIndustrial Gas Analyzers in Applications Information
Industrial Gas Analyzers in Applications Information Engine and Diesel Testing www.eurotron.co.kr Thousands of internal combustion engines are located throughout the world. They range in size from small
More informationCEMENT PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ACHIEVING HIGH SO 2 REMOVAL
CEMENT PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ACHIEVING HIGH SO 2 REMOVAL Sara Safariyeganeh sara.safariyeganeh@mecsglobal.com Cary Joe Lovett, PE joe.lovett@holcim.com Abstract - The EPA has adopted revised
More informationBriquette Smelting in Electric Arc Furnace to Recycle Wastes from Stainless Steel Production
Briquette Smelting in Electric Arc Furnace to Recycle Wastes from Stainless Steel Production Qi-xing YANG 1 2 2, Dong-feng HE 2 3 1 Abstract: Wastes from stainless steel production were briquetted together
More informationSteam Power Station (Thermal Station)
Steam Power Station (Thermal Station) A generating station which converts heat energy into electrical energy through turning water into heated steam is known as a steam power station. A steam power station
More informationCoke Manufacturing. Environmental Guidelines for. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. Industry Description and Practices. Waste Characteristics
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Environmental Guidelines for Coke Manufacturing Industry Description and Practices Coke and coke by-products (including coke oven gas) are produced by the pyrolysis
More informationWet granulation of blast furnace slag has been
INBA slag granulation system with environmental control of water and emissions As the demand for granulated BF slag continues to grow and environmental constraints become more severe, improvements to slag
More informationCOMPLEX ADDITIVES ON THE BASIS OF BAUXITE RESIDUE FOR INTENSIFICATION OF IRON-ORE SINTERING AND PELLETIZING
COMPLEX ADDITIVES ON THE BASIS OF BAUXITE RESIDUE FOR INTENSIFICATION OF IRON-ORE SINTERING AND PELLETIZING Sergey Gorbachev Andrey Panov, Gennadiy Podgorodetskiy, Vladislav Gorbunov RUSAL ETC and Moscow
More informationTechnology and developing trends of nickel pig iron blast furnace. Speaker:Dong Xunxiang
Technology and developing trends of nickel pig iron blast furnace Speaker:Dong Xunxiang COMPANY PROFILE WISDRI WISDRI Engineering & Research Incorporation Limited (WISDRI) is a large state-owned science
More informationLecture 14 Modern trends in BOF steelmaking
Lecture 14 Modern trends in BOF steelmaking Contents: Post combustion Technology of post combustion Potential post combustion issues Slag splashing What is required for slag splashing Liquidus temperature
More informationCHAPTER-6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER-6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 190 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 6.1 Summary of laboratory test work Based on the entire laboratory test work, findings are summarized as following; 6.1.1 Characterization
More informationSintering of Indian Iron Ores - Technical Considerations
Sintering of Indian Iron Ores - Technical Considerations Chandan Barman Ray, Bhaskar Roy, Tushar Kanti Mandal & Subhas Das* M. N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd, Consulting Engineers P-17 Mission Row Extension
More informationInnovation through Recycling / Minimizing Waste
Innovation through Recycling / Minimizing Waste A presentation from Jindal Shadeed Iron& Steel Presented by Mr. N.A. Ansari CEO Innovation Forum 7 th Feb 2017 Agenda Who are we? First & Largest Integrated
More informationFURNACES. A furnace is a device used for heating. The name derives from Latin Fornax; oven.
FURNACES A furnace is a device used for heating. The name derives from Latin Fornax; oven. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a furnace as an enclosed structure for intense heating by fire, esp. of
More informationSTUDY OF USAGE OF BOTTOM ASH AS PART REPLACEMENT OF SAND FOR MAKING CONCRETE BLOCKS
STUDY OF USAGE OF BOTTOM ASH AS PART REPLACEMENT OF SAND FOR MAKING CONCRETE BLOCKS Satish Sharma*, V.V. Arora *, Adarsh Kumar N S * Centre for Construction Development & Research * National Council for
More informationHeat and electricity from waste Sysav s waste-to-energy plant
December 2009 Heat and electricity from waste Sysav s waste-to-energy plant SYSAV Box 50344, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden Phone +46 40-635 18 00 Fax +46 40-635 18 10 www.sysav.se epost@sysav.se Waste as fuel
More informationPolyurethane. Polyurethane Recycling and Recovery. Options for Polyurethane Recycling and Recovery
Options for Polyurethane Recycling and Recovery Polyurethane Repair and Reuse Mechanical Recycling Chemical Recycling Feedstock Mechanical Energy Recovery Long-life products, such as building panels can
More informationRecycling of Waste Materials in the Production of Stone Wool for Insulation LIFE98 ENV/DK/000629
Recycling of Waste Materials in the Production of Stone Wool for Insulation LIFE98 ENV/DK/000629 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data Contact details: Project Manager:
More informationManaging Iron Ore Fines of Dalli Rajhara For Improvement In Yield
Managing Iron Ore Fines of Dalli Rajhara For Improvement In Yield S K Raja, AGM, CET, Bhilai, S. Manoj Kumar, Sr. Mgr. (Mines-Project), BSP SAIL CET. Bhilai Email : saurabhkumar.raja@sailcet.co.in smanojkumar@sail-bhilaisteel.com
More informationProven Technology + Cost Effective + Perfect Service
Proven Technology + Cost Effective + Perfect Service A Lifetime Partner in Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, Project Management TECHNOLOGY FOR SLAG PROCESSING --Slag Granulation
More informationSINTER BASICITY INCREASE THROUGH INSERTION OF MAGNESIUM SILICATE MINILUMPS BY ALBA FERNÁNDEZ, PAMELA DIAZ, ESTEBAN RUISÁNCHEZ, JAVIER MARTÍNEZ *
SINTER BASICITY INCREASE THROUGH INSERTION OF MAGNESIUM SILICATE MINILUMPS BY ALBA FERNÁNDEZ, PAMELA DIAZ, ESTEBAN RUISÁNCHEZ, JAVIER MARTÍNEZ * SYPNOPSIS PASEK Dunite is an ultramaphic rock with a basic
More informationLaboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes and Smelting Charge for Optimizing Operation in Large Ferrochrome Furnaces
Southern African Pyrometallurgy 2006, Edited by R.T. Jones, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, 5-8 March 2006 Laboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes
More information