Austempered Ductile Iron
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1 Austempered Ductile Iron Austempering Offers Manufacturers High-Strength, Low-Cost Components: Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has found successful applications across many industries. This specialty heat treated material combines low-cost manufacturing and near net shape casting technologies with a combination of beneficial properties to provide you and your customer with cost-effective components that outperform the competition. Applications Automotive Heavy Truck Industrial Agriculture Timing Gears Output Shafts Control Arms CV Joints Engine Brackets Differential Housings Crankshafts Steering Knuckles Tow Hooks Brake Spiders U-Bolt Brackets Sway Bar Bushings Suspension Brackets Wheel Hubs Differential Case and Clutch Collars Pintle Hooks Conveyor Links Trolley Bodies Pipe Bending Components Tool Holders Plow Points Hitches Control Arms Digger Teeth J-Hooks Knotter Gears Construction Bucket Teeth Engine Components Sprockets Shafts Railroad Suspension Housings Suspension Covers Wear Plates Mining Drive Shafts Wear Plates ADI Components
2 Latest Revision/Update: 8-Feb-2002 ASTM 897 (in-lb units) ASTM 897M (SI units) TYPICAL PROPERTIES* GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4 GRADE 5 MONOTONIC (STATIC) PROPERTIES TENSILE STRENGTH (ksi/mpa) 140/ / / / / % OFFSET YIELD STRENGTH (ksi/mpa) 110/ / / / /1449 ELONGATION (% IN 2 INCH GAGE LENGTH) HARDNESS BRINELL BHN (B.I.D. mm) 302 (3.50) 340 (3.30) 387 (3.10) 418 (3.00) 460 (2.85) REDUCTION IN AREA (%) **YOUNG'S MODULUS (Msi/GPa) 23.1/ / / / /153.8 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (ksi/mpa) 200/ / / / /2520 SHEAR STRENGTH (ksi/mpa) 125/ / / / /1490 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (Msi/GPa) 9.44/ / / / /62.1 POISSON'S RATIO ***STRENGTH COEFFICIENT K (ksi, MPa) 218/1503 ***STRAIN HARDENING EXPONENT n ***TRUE FRACTURE STRENGTH sf 150/1032 ***TRUE FRACTURE DUCTILITY ef DYNAMIC PROPERTIES FATIGUE STRENGTH (@10 MILLION CYCLES): -ROTATING BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/mpa) 65/450 70/485 60/415 -REVERSE BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/mpa) 60/415 55/380 -AXIAL PUSH-PULL 55/385 -G-50 MAX. ALLOWABLE CONTACT STRESS (ksi/mpa) 165/ / / / /1750 -G-50 SINGLE TOOTH BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/mpa) 50/350 52/365 50/350 48/335 46/320 -G-50 SINGLE TOOTH BENDING AS SHOT PEENED (ksi/mpa) 100/ / /700 95/665 90/630 -UN-NOTCHED CHARPY IMPACT@70F/21C (ft-lb/joules) 90/120 90/120 70/93 60/80 40/53 -NOTCHED CHARPY (ft-lb/joules) 9/12 8/10.6 7/ /8.6 6/8 DYNAMIC ELASTIC MODULUS (Msi/GPa) 24.7/ / / / /164 EST. DUCTILE/BRITTLE TRANSITION TEMP. (F/C) -2/-20-2 / / / / -20 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS (ksi*sqrt(in)/mpa*sqrt(m)) 100/109 78/85 55/60 48/52 40/44 **STRENGTH COEFFICIENT K' (ksi/mpa) 223/1538 **STRAIN HARDENING EXPONENT n' **FATIGUE STRENGTH COEFFICIENT sf' (ksi/mpa) 211/ **FATIGUE STRENGTH EXPONENT b **FATIGUE DUCTILITY COEFFICIENT ef' **FATIGUE DUCTILITY EXPONENT C PHYSICAL (INTRINSIC) PROPERTIES DENSITY (lb/cu. in; g/cu. cm).2562/ / / / / COEFF. OF THERMAL EXPANSION (in/in/f; mm/mm/c) X / / / / /13.5 WEAR RESISTANCE (AMAX PIN TEST,VOLUME LOSS cu. mm) LINEAR EXPANSION inches/inch (from Ferritic/from Pearlitic).0012/ / / / /.0017 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (BTU-in/h-sq.ft-F; W/M-K) 153/ / / / /20.9 INTERNAL DAMPING (log decr.) X These numbers are not guaranteed minimums. They represent typical properties that one may observe in commercial ADI components. ** Young's modulus data courtesy of Daimler-Chrysler *** Grade fatigue coeff. & exponents courtesy of Daimler-Chrysler. All other grades courtesy of John Deere Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
3 Carbo-Austempered Steel Carbo-Austempering for High-Load, Low-Cycle Performance: The Carbo-Austempering process is a high performance steel heat treatment that combines a high carbon bainitic case with either a bainitic or tempered martensite core to produce a component with an exceptional combination of strength and toughness. Carbo-Austempered steel exhibits: Higher tensile strength Increased elongation Increased wear resistance Lower distortion Greatly improved impact properties No cracking during quenching Increased fatigue strength (in high load, low cycle fatigue applications) Carbo-Austempered Steel Components
4 Applications Heavy Truck Transmission Shafts Output Shafts Spline Drives Differential Pinions Side Pinions Light Automotive Pump Shafts Parking Pawls Steering Clips Split Rings Starter Clutch Shells Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since With a combination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-added performance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials. AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada. To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs. Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performance or cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process. We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts. The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
5 Gear & Powertrain Components Austempered Materials Give You High Strength, Quieter Components For high performance gear and powertrain applications, Austempered materials offer component manufacturers the benefits of higher wear resistance, reduced noise, increased bending and contact fatigue, and increased strength and durability. Depending on your specific application, Austempering an iron, steel, or powdered metal component can give you a competitive edge. Companies such as Delphi Automotive, Dana Corporation, Ford Motor Company, AGCO, John Deere, and General Motors have discovered the benefits of Austempering in their component designs. Austempered Gear and Powertrain Components
6 Applications ADI Diesel Engine Timing Gears Hypoid Ring and Pinion Gears Off-Highway Drive Axles Ring Gears Gear Housings Sprockets CV Joints Differential Housings Wheel Hubs Austempered Steel Transmission Wave Plates Transmission Gears Sprag Races Output Shafts AGI Timing Gears Cylinder Liners Carbo-Austempered Steel Output Shafts Pump Shafts Starter Clutch Shells Drive Splines Differential Pinions Side Pinions Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since With a combination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-added performance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials. AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada. To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs. Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performance or cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process. We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts. The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
7 Agricultural Components Austempering Offers Manufacturers High-Strength, Low-Cost Components: Components used in the agricultural and construction industries must endure high wear and heavy loads. Product performance is constantly being pushed to the next level, where components are expected to last longer and be cost effective. Austempering is a proven way to increase the strength and performance of many different components. The agricultural industry has taken a keen interest in Austempered components for their excellent wear characteristics. Companies such as John Deere, Caterpillar, CNH Global and many other use Austempered parts to increase the performance of their equipment, thus increasing productivity for their customers. Applied Process can demonstrate for you the material properties and characteristics obtained in Austempered components, along with examples of successful applications. Many customers have saved money by switching from forgings to low-cost castings, that are subsequently Austempered to produce the best possible properties. We can help you select the material/process combination that is right for your components and applications. We will provide your design engineers with property data they can use in designing Austempered parts, and discuss your applications. Austempered Agricultural Components
8 Applications ADI Plow Points Hitches Control Arms Digger Teeth J-Hooks Control Arms Draft Arms CADI Digger Teeth Ripper Points Wear Plates Rasp Bars Cutters Crushers Austempered Steel Mower Blades Bed Knives Mole Components Springs Discs Carbo-Austempered Steel Output Shafts Gears Drive Shafts Pump Shafts Clutch Shells Safety Components Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since With a combination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-added performance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials. AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada. To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs. Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performance or cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process. We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts. The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
9 Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) For Better Wear Resistance, Use CADI Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) is a family of ductile cast irons produced with carbides that are subsequently Austempered to exhibit excellent wear resistance. CADI is a premium engineered iron with longer life. It is more wear resistant than Grade 5 ADI, less expensive and tougher than 18% chrome white iron and can replace Mn steel at an equal or lower cost. CADI is also less expensive and can compete with some Abrasion Resistant Irons. Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) Components
10 Applications Agriculture Rasp Bars Internal Tines Thrashing Elements Rasp Buckets Aerator Flights Wear Plates Plow Points Construction/ Mining Digger Teeth Tip Holders Hammers Flails Crusher Rollers Housings, Chutes Industrial Conveyor Wear Parts Pump Impellors Wear Housings and Plates Rollers Automotive Camshafts Cam Followers Railroad Wear Plates Suspension Components Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since With a combination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-added performance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials. AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada. To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs. Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performance or cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process. We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts. The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
11 Austempered Steel Produces Stronger and Tougher Structures Than Conventional Heat Treatments Austempered Steel offers superior toughness at high hardnesses over conventionally quenched and tempered steel. This process exhibits minimal distortion, no cracking during quenching and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Austempered Steel, as well as high-density, Austempered Powdered Metals, are superior to conventionally processed steels. Austempered Steel and Powdered Metal Components
12 Applications Automotive Sprag Races Bolts Clips and Clamps Wave Plates Transmission Gears Seat Brackets Industrial Mower Blades Sword Blades Rivet Tooling Trenchless Mole Components Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since With a combination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-added performance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials. AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada. To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs. Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performance or cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process. We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts. The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices Applied Process, Inc Newburgh Rd. Livonia, MI (734) Fax: (734) AP Westshore, Inc State Highway 91 Oshkosh, WI (920) Fax: (920) AP Southridge, Inc. 201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 Elizabethtown, KY (270) Fax: (270)
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