PARALOID K-175 ER Lubricating Acrylic Processing Aid A Polymeric Lubricant with Excellent Hot Metal Release Characteristics

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1 PARALOID Lubricating Acrylic Processing Aid A Polymeric Lubricant with Excellent Hot Metal Release Characteristics Description PARALOID is a market leader, a lubricating processing aid with unique features. PARALOID prevents sticking of the melt to the hot metal surfaces and reduces plate-out. Even at very high temperatures, release is excellent. In addition, PARALOID improves the gloss and clarity of the finished product. Thanks to this lubricating action, formulators can reduce the level of conventional lubricants. An external lubricant will usually retard fusion, which can affect melt homogeneity. On its own, PARALOID will also retard fusion; however, its processing aid function will enhance melt homogeneity. PARALOID can be used alone or, more often, in combination with other processing aids. Because it facilitates release and has excellent optical qualities, PARALOID is widely used in packaging applications, particularly in calendered film and sheet, and in the production of bottles. In this brochure, the benefits of PARALOID are made clear through a series of tests, using the formulation shown below, that describe and measure these features. Reference Formulation for All Tests in This Brochure S-PVC K Octyl-Sn mercaptide stabiliser 1.40 Glycerol mono oleate (modified) 0.90 High molecular weight multifunctional fatty acid ester 0.60 PARALOID K-120ND ER 0.75 PARALOID as indicated The following tests demonstrate the effectiveness of PARALOID K-l75 ER as a lubricating processing aid. Performance in Processing Lubricating Properties Hot Metal Release The addition of PARALOID K-l75 ER prevents hot roll sticking. Without it, sticking begins after six minutes, and complete sticking occurs after eleven minutes. Sticking time (min): Without 0.5 phr BTA 702-S 8.0 phr beginning 6 none none none complete 11 Wall Slip ln the wall slip test, the PVC formulation is forced through two capillaries of the same diameter, one smooth and

2 one rough. If the pressure-drop versus output curves are the same for both capillaries, there is no wall slip. If the two curves are different, it indicates wall slippage. In the left-hand graph, the two curves are aligned, indicating lack of wall slippage. The separate curves of the right-hand graph show the wall slippage induced by the addition of PARALOID K-l75 ER. Melt Strength and Melt Homogeneity Formulation A B S-PVC K Octyl-Sn mercaptide stabiliser Glycerol mono oleate (modified) High molecular weight multifunctional fatty acide ester PARALOID K-120ND ER PARALOID none as indicated When using PARALOID, the level of conventional lubricants can be reduced (see formulation B). In addition, thanks to its processing aid properties, PARALOID enhances melt strength. Without, 0.5 phr, Formulation A Formulation B Die swell Parison weight (g) Flow time (s) Fusion Characteristics PARALOID acts like a conventional external lubricant and delays fusion time. When associated with a PARALOID impact modifier, however, fusion is not affected.

3 Brabender Rheology Performance Brabender conditions: Bowl: W50 Temperature set: 160 C Charge weight: 55 g The lubricating qualities of PARALOID K-l75 ER are shown in the following tests by the increase in fusion time and reduction in torque. The fourth column of the test results shows that when PARALOID is combined with an impact modifier such as PARALOID BTA 702-S, fast fusion is maintained. Without 0.5 phr Rotor Speed 20 rpm BTA 702-S 8.0 phr Fusion time (s) Fusion torque (Nm) Fusion temp. ( C) Equilibrium torque (Nm) Equilibrium temp. ( C) Rotor Speed 40 rpm Fusion time (s) Fusion torque (Nm) Fusion temp. ( C) Equilibrium torque (Nm) Equilibrium temp. ( C) Rotor Speed 60 rpm Fusion time (s) Fusion torque (Nm) Fusion temp. ( C) Equilibrium torque (Nm) Equilibrium temp. ( C) Heat Stability As would be expected, the addition of PARALOID K-l75 ER slightly improves heat stability, due to the reduction of friction. Dynamic Heat Stability Test conditions: Polymix 150L two-roll mill at 190 C Charge weight: 190g Speed 25/15 rpm

4 Handling Powder Characteristics Bulk density aerated (g/cm 3 ) Bulk density packed (g/cm 3 ) 0.55 Powder flowability (funnel diameter, mm) 10 Fines level, through 45 micron (%) 23 Powder flowability is determined by the smallest diameter funnel through which the powder will flow. Performance in Finished Products PARALOID offers a number of attractive benefits relating to the finished product, including surface quality, clarity and gloss. Its excellent dispersion performance also contributes to the appearance of the finished product. Surface Quality The processing aid effect of PARALOID is clearly demonstrated by the improvement in melt homogeneity, which results in better surface finish. Melt Fracture Without PA KV X UM

5 With PARALOID, 1 phr KV X UM Optical magnification of extruded rods : x 100 Dispersion Test The Collin two roll mill closely simulates processing conditions found on the production calendering line. The easy dispersibility of PARALOID means that the vinyl formulation can be vacuum formed to deep draws without developing tears or other imperfections. Rating (0-100) Without Impossible to determine; air bubbles 0.5 phr BTA 702-S 8.0 phr Rating where: - 0 = excellent dispersion = typical of unmodified PVC - 50 = a commercially acceptable level for crystal-clear applications = high gel content Test conditions: Collin two-roll mill at 180 C Optical Properties Clarity The refractive index of PARALOID is close to that of clear vinyl formulations; therefore, K-l75ER does not affect clarity. Without, LT (%) Haze (%) Yellowness index Transparency was measured with a Hunterlab spectrometer CQ1300EQ2. The tests were performed on 3-mm plates.

6 Gloss The improved gloss resulting from the addition of PARALOID is shown by the following tests on vinyl sheets. Higher values indicate that more light is reflected from the glossy surface. Without, Air side Roll side Gloss was measured at an angle of 20, perpendicular to the flow direction, using a BYK Gardner. The tests were performed on film produced by the Collin two-roll mill. Crease Whitening Resistance The addition of PARALOID does not adversely affect crease whitening. Bend Test Without 0.5 phr Crease Whitening Resistance Rating 0-10 where: - 0 = no crease whitening - 10 = high crease whitening Test conditions: - Two-roll mill at 180 C - Charge weight: 200g - Speed 26/20 rpm - Plates thickness: 3 mm Standards and Formulations Test Standard Descriptions Test Standard Optical ASTM D Yellowness Index ASTM D Bend Test A 3-mm PVC plate is folded to sixty degrees. The loss in optical properties or degree and depth of whitening is rated. Wall Slip Test The wall slip test is performed with a capillary rheometer. PVC formulation is forced through two capillaries, one smooth and one rough, of the same diameter and same length. If the pressure-drop ( P) versus output (Q) is a mastercurve for both capillaries, there is no wall slip. Each test, for a given formulation and a given capillary, is duplicated, to ensure that the measured differences are due to a wall slip phenomenon.

7 Formulations Corrugated Clear Sheet S-PVC K PARALOID K-120NDER 1.50 PARALOID 1.00 Butyl Sn stabiliser 2.50 Liquid wax ester MP 30 C 0.80 Combination lubricants of wax ester, glycerine partial ester and glycerine tri-ester 1.00 High molecular weight multifunctional fatty acid ester 0.30 Polar polyethylene wax (oxidised) 0.10 Colour toner + Flat Mineral Water Bottles S-PVC K PARALOID BTA 736-S 6.0 PARALOID K-120NDER 0.30 PARALOID 0.20 Calcium hydroxy stearate 0.30 Zinc octoate (2.7% Zn) diluted in ESBO 0.79 Epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO) 5.20 High molecular weight complex fatty acid ester with calciuim 0.60 Tri glycerol ester of hydroxy saturated fatty acid 1.50 Stearoyl benzoyl methane 0.20 Polar polyethylene wax (oxidised) 0.15 Blue toner 0.08 Sn Stabilised Calenderette Film S-PVC K PARALOID BTA 736-S 6.00 PARALOID K-120NDER 1.50 PARALOID 0.60 Octyl-Sn mercaptide stabiliser 1.50 Tri glycerol ester of hydroxy saturated fatty acid 0.60 Epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO) 0.80 Polar polyethylene wax (oxidised) 0.10 High molecular weight complex fatty acid ester with calciuim 0.70 Blue toner 0.07 Violet toner Transparent Weatherable Profiles S-PVC K PARALOID HIA PARALOID K PARALOID 1.00 Butyl Sn carboxylate 2.50 Partially fatty acid ester of a glycol 0.60 Liquid wax ester MP 30 C 0.20 Benzotiazol derivative 0.40 Epoxidised soya bean oil (ESBO) 0.30 High-Speed Calendering Film S-PVC K PARALOID 2.00 PARALOID BTA 736-S / BTA 702-S 6.00 Octyl-Sn meréaptide stabiliser 1.20 Glycerol mono oleate 0.80 Ethylene di stearamide 0.70 Colour toner +

8 PARALOID is manufactured under an ISO 9002 certified quality assurance system. The Dow Chemical Company makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or appropriateness of this data and expressly excludes any liability upon Rohm and Haas arising out of its use. We recommend that the prospective users determine for themselves the suitability of The Dow Chemical Company s materials and suggestions for any use prior to their adoption. Suggestions for uses of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specific patents in this publication should not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent or as permission or license to use any patents of the The Dow Chemical Company. Material safety data sheets outlining the hazards and handling methods for our products are available on request. PARALOID is a registered trademark of The Dow Chemical Company. Notice: No freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to Dow or the Company mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. UNRESTRICTED May be shared with anyone TM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow PARALOID Processing Aid / Dow Plastics Additives Form No