Introduction to TG/DTA/DSC. Thermal Processing Technology Center Illinois Institute of Technology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Introduction to TG/DTA/DSC. Thermal Processing Technology Center Illinois Institute of Technology"

Transcription

1 Introduction to TG/DTA/DSC Thermal Processing Technology Center Illinois Institute of Technology

2 Outline Introduction Theory of TG/DTA/DSC Application of TG/DTA/DSC TG/DTA/DSC in Metallurgy application Experiment difficulty

3 Application of Thermal Analysis in Material Research The almost universal applicability of thermal analysis technique has led to their use in nearly every field of science, with a strong emphasis on solving problems in materials technology and engineering, as well as "pure" scientific investigations. The change in physical properties of a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program as a function of temperature is measured. Techniques Include TG, DTA, DSC, DMA, TMA

4 Introduction to TG Thermogravimetry is a technique measuring the variation in mass of a sample when it undergoes temperature scanning in a controlled atmosphere. This variation in mass can be either a loss of mass (vapour emission) or a gain of mass (gas fixation).

5 Introduction to DTA Differential thermal analysis is a technique measuring the difference in temperature between a sample and a reference (a thermally inert material) as a function of the time or the temperature, when they undergo temperature scanning in a controlled atmosphere. The DTA method enables any transformation to be detected for all the categories of materials.

6 Introduction to DSC Differential scanning calorimetry is a technique determining the variation in the heat flow given out or taken in by a sample when it undergoes temperature scanning in a controlled atmosphere. With heating or cooling any transformation taking place in a material is accompanied by a exchange of heat ; DSC enables the temperature of this transformation to be determined and the heat from it to be quantified.

7 Theory of TG (Thermogravimetry) Measure the mass of sample as a function of temperature Determine sample purity, decomposition behavior, chemical kinetics

8 Theory of DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) The temperature difference between reference and sample is monitored as a function of temperature

9 Theory of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) The difference in heat flow to or from a sample and to or from a reference is monitored as a function of temperature or time, while the sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program Power compensated DSC

10 Theory of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) Temperatures are measured in thin plates in contact with those, thereby measuring the difference in heat flow from crucible. This gives a signal proportional to the difference in heat capacities between the sample and reference and thus the instrument will work as DSC. Heat flux DSC

11 Different principles of DSC signal detection

12 Different principles of DSC signal detection

13 The difference between DTA and DSC DTA Temperature difference is measured, amplified and recorded. The peak area can be converted to heat only if a suitable reference is used DSC The temperature difference is controlling the electrical power to the sample and reference in order to keep them at the same temperature. The peak area directly corresponds to the heat consumed or produced by the sample Modern DTA (also called heat flow DSC) Temperatures are measured in thin plates in contact with those, thereby measuring the difference in heat flow from crucible. This gives a signal proportional to the difference in heat capacities between the sample and reference and thus the instrument will work as DSC.

14 Application of TG Study thermal degradation Chemical reaction resulting in changes of mass such as absorption, adsorption, desorption Sample purity

15 Application of DTA Primarily used for detection of transition temperature Sample purity

16 Application of DSC Determination important transition temperatures Determine heat of fusion of a crystal phase and the degree of crystallization Study crystal kinetic Determine heat capacity Determine heat of formation Sample purity

17 Summary TG DTA DSC Theory Measure the mass of sample Measure temperature difference between reference and sample Measure heat flow difference between reference and sample Application TG DTA DSC Mass change Yes No No Qualitative analysis of Heat change No Yes Yes Quantitative analysis of heat change No No Yes

18 Program experiment temperature

19 DSC curve

20 TG-DTA curve of CuSO 4-5H 2 O

21 Cp determination Instruments calibrated by a standard Heat flow ( µ V) Ab Ac As C p = Cpc m c (As A b) m s (Ac A b) T time

22 Heat Flow/ -10 Exo Metallurgy Application Phase transformation and melting of Iron C C C C C C : Point de curie 2 : Transition alpha --> Gamma 3 : Transition Gamma --> Delta 4 : Fusion 2 Results Different events may be observed during the heating : at 769 C : curie point at 924 C : α γtransition at C γ δtransition at C : melting of iron C Temperature/

23 Metallurgy application Oxydation of a steel in the scanning mode TG./ % DTG/ %/min TG DTG Results Above 700 C a mass gain is observed : the DTG shows two steps in the oxidation. Below 700 C a mass loss is observed Temperature/

24 Metallurgy application Reduction of a steel at 1200 C TG/ % Temperature/ Results T At 1000 C a small mass gain is observed due to traces of O 2 and H 2 O. But when the temperature of 1200 C is reached a strong mass decrease corresponding to the steel reduction is observed TG Time/ h

25 Metallurgy application Isothermal transformation of a high speed steel Heat Flow/ mw Temperature/ 9 Exo 8 Temperature 600 Results 7 6 Second heating First heating When the temperature is stable at 560 C a low exotherm can be observed, the DSC curve decreases slowly After the isotherm of 3 hours the same sample is cooled then heated a second time in the same conditions The difference between the two successive traces correspond to the sample transformation at 560 C Time/ h

26 Metallurgy application Melting of a Cu-Ti intermetallic compound Heat Flow (µv) Exo 50 Results C A double peak of melting is monitored. The onset peak of the first fraction is 925 C Onset point 1 : 925,2 C Onset point 2 : C Enthalpy / J/g : (Endothermic effect) ( ) The top of the second fraction is 978 C. The total heat of melting is J.g C Temperature ( C)

27 Metallurgy aplication Melting of Pb-Sn alloy HEAT FLOW/mW Exo Ent h : J/ g T. Onset : C Ent h1 : J/ g Ent h2 : J/ g Top of peak1 : C Top of peak2 : C Sn/ Pb : 86/ Results The melting curve presents two peaks. In fact only pure substances melt presenting a unique peak : generally alloys present a more complex melting curve. In this case Pb an Sn present an eutectic at C. The end of melting corresponds to the liquids curve. M 119 presents the phase diagram of Pb-Sn system. -30 TEMPERATURE/ C

28 Metallurgy application Phase diagram of Pb-Sn system Pb TEMPERATURE / C Sn Results The onset temperature of the melting curve generally corresponds to the eutectic temperature of the system. The temperature of liquids is given by the top of the peak of melting.

29 Experiment difficulty Explanation of experiment result Some curves might not be smooth and sharp System error The error of commercialized instrument is about 5% The measured thermodynamic property can be applied to modeling only if the error is less than 1% Crucible selection Crucible should not react with sample Crucible material Pt Al2O3 W Condition Nonmetallic sample Metallic sample Reacting gas BN Temperature setting The higher temperature, the more problems - high sample vapor pressure - high sample diffusivity - short life time Metallic sample

30 Setaram calorimeter Setsys1750: TG TG/DTA TG/DSC

31 Thermal analytical techniques, abbreviation and properties investigated Technique Abbreviation Physical Properties thermodilatometry - length Thermogravimetry TG(TGA) mass Derivative thermogravimetry DTG mass Differential Thermal Analysis DTA temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC enthalpy Thermomechanical Analysis TMA dimension Dynamic Mechanical Analysis DMA stiffness & damping Thermally Stimulated Current TSC dipole alignment/relaxation Dielectric Analysis DEA dielectric permittivity/loss factor Evolved Gas Analysis EGA gaseous decomposition products Thermo-optical Analysis TOA optical properties

The Application of ATD and DSC Methods to Study of the EN AC Alloy Phase Transformations

The Application of ATD and DSC Methods to Study of the EN AC Alloy Phase Transformations A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 17 Issue 2/2017 207 211 36/2

More information

Collected Applications Thermal Analysis ELASTOMERS. Volume C

Collected Applications Thermal Analysis ELASTOMERS. Volume C Collected Applications Thermal Analysis ELASTOMERS Volume 1 200 400 600 C Collected Applications Thermal Analysis ELASTOMERS Volume 1 Jürgen E.K. Schawe This application booklet presents selected application

More information

STA 2500 Regulus Simultaneous Thermal Analysis

STA 2500 Regulus Simultaneous Thermal Analysis STA 2500 Regulus Simultaneous Thermal Analysis Technique, Instrument, Applications Technique Simultaneous thermal analysis refers to the simultaneous application of two or more thermoanalytical methods

More information

Thermal Analysis. Application Handbook. Thermal Analysis of Polymers Selected Applications

Thermal Analysis. Application Handbook. Thermal Analysis of Polymers Selected Applications Thermal Analysis Application Handbook Thermal Analysis of Polymers Selected Applications Selected Applications Thermal Analysis Thermal Analysis of Polymers This application handbook presents selected

More information

Dilatometer L 76 L 75 Horizontal L 75 Vertical

Dilatometer L 76 L 75 Horizontal L 75 Vertical Dilatometer L 76 L 75 Horizontal L 75 Vertical General Dilatometry is a technique which measures the dimensional change of a substance as a function of temperature while the substance is subjected to a

More information

A vapor (or gas) needs a completely enclosed container to have a definite volume; it will readily take on any shape imposed.

A vapor (or gas) needs a completely enclosed container to have a definite volume; it will readily take on any shape imposed. Overview: Amorphous and crystalline solid states. States of matter. General description. A vapor (or gas) needs a completely enclosed container to have a definite volume; it will readily take on any shape

More information

Analyzing & Testing. Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Method, Technique, Applications DSC 204 F1. Leading Thermal Analysis

Analyzing & Testing. Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Method, Technique, Applications DSC 204 F1. Leading Thermal Analysis Analyzing & Testing Differential Scanning Calorimetry Method, Technique, Applications DSC 204 F1 Leading Thermal Analysis Method Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) determines transition temperatures

More information

Nova Geração de Instrumentos de Análise Térmica

Nova Geração de Instrumentos de Análise Térmica Nova Geração de Instrumentos de Análise Térmica IV ENCONTRO REGIONAL DOS USUÁRIOS DE TÉCNICAS TERMOANALÍTICAS Jul/2009 Thermal Analysis Technology EXSTAR SERIES Thermal Analyzer DSC7020 (Differential

More information

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS STEARIC / LAURIC ACID MIXTURES AS PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS STEARIC / LAURIC ACID MIXTURES AS PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS 3.014 MATERIALS LABORATORY MODULE- β1 September 26 30, 2005 GEETHA P. BERERA THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS STEARIC / LAURIC ACID MIXTURES AS PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS OBJECTIVES: Prepare stearic acid and

More information

THE EFFECT OF CRUCIBLE TYPE ON DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) MEASUREMENTS

THE EFFECT OF CRUCIBLE TYPE ON DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) MEASUREMENTS THE EFFECT OF CRUCIBLE TYPE ON DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) MEASUREMENTS Graham S Arthur and Craig Williams Syngenta, Huddersfield Manufacturing Centre, PO Box A38 Leeds Road, Huddersfield,

More information

DTA AND TGA STUDY OF MeSO 4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) DISSOCIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF COKE

DTA AND TGA STUDY OF MeSO 4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) DISSOCIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF COKE Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, 38 (1 2) B (02) 103-116 DTA AND TGA STUDY OF MeSO 4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) DISSOCIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF COKE B S Boyanov Abstract University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Chemistry,

More information

Atmosphere Effect on Soldering of Flip Chip Assemblies. C. C. Dong Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. U.S.A.

Atmosphere Effect on Soldering of Flip Chip Assemblies. C. C. Dong Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. U.S.A. Atmosphere Effect on Soldering of Flip Chip Assemblies C. C. Dong Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. U.S.A. Atmosphere Effect on Soldering of Flip Chip Assemblies Abstract An experimental study was conducted

More information

Curie temperature of nickel. B. Legendre & M. Sghaier. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry An International Forum for Thermal Studies

Curie temperature of nickel. B. Legendre & M. Sghaier. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry An International Forum for Thermal Studies Curie temperature of nickel B. Legendre & M. Sghaier Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry An International Forum for Thermal Studies ISSN 1388-6150 Volume 105 Number 1 J Therm Anal Calorim (2011)

More information

THERMO- GRAVIMETRIC ANALYZER TGA 1600

THERMO- GRAVIMETRIC ANALYZER TGA 1600 T H E R M A L A N A L Y S I S THERMO- GRAVIMETRIC ANALYZER TGA 1600 Since 1957 LINSEIS Corporation has been delivering outstanding service, know how and leading innovative products in the field of thermal

More information

Table of Contents. Preface...

Table of Contents. Preface... Preface... xi Chapter 1. Metallurgical Thermochemistry... 1 1.1. Introduction... 1 1.2. Quantities characterizing the state of a system and its evolution... 3 1.2.1. The types of operations... 3 1.2.2.

More information

Thermal Analysis Excellence

Thermal Analysis Excellence Thermal Analysis Excellence TGA /DSC 2 STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality Thermogravimetry for Unmatched Performance TGA/DSC Excellence Unrivalled TGA Performance with

More information

Quantitation of amorphous content

Quantitation of amorphous content 13 Quantitation of amorphous content Amorphous fractions can significantly change the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products. Solvias offers a variety of analytical

More information

Phase Transitions Module γ-2: VSM study of Curie Temperatures 1 Instructor: Silvija Gradečak

Phase Transitions Module γ-2: VSM study of Curie Temperatures 1 Instructor: Silvija Gradečak 3.014 Materials Laboratory November 13 th 18 th, 2006 Lab week 3 Phase Transitions Module γ-2: VSM study of Curie Temperatures 1 Instructor: Silvija Gradečak Objectives: a) Understand magnetic and thermal

More information

but T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy.

but T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy. T m (Sn) = 232 C, T m (Pb) = 327 C but T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy. T m (Au) = 1064 C, T m (Si) = 2550 C but T m (Au0.97Si0.03) = 363 C, so thin layer of gold is used

More information

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C

More information

Part 1: General principles

Part 1: General principles INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-1 Third edition 2016-09-15 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 1: General principles Plastiques Analyse calorimétrique différentielle (DSC) Partie 1:

More information

Product Data Sheet MCP 137/Metspec 281 Alloy UPDATED ON

Product Data Sheet MCP 137/Metspec 281 Alloy UPDATED ON TYPICAL USES The principal uses of the alloy depend on the density difference between liquid and solid and the dimensional changes after solidification being both very small, the actual magnitude of the

More information

Purity Determination and DSC Tzero Technology

Purity Determination and DSC Tzero Technology Purity Determination and DSC Tzero Technology R. Bruce Cassel, Ph.D. TA Instruments, 19 Lukens Drive, New Castle DE 1972, USA ABSTRACT The determination of absolute purity by DSC has been an accepted technique

More information

Metals I. Anne Mertens

Metals I. Anne Mertens "MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 19/09/2017 25/10/2016 Metals I Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Metallic materials Materials Selection: case

More information

strain recovery of of Fe Ni B amorphous metallic

strain recovery of of Fe Ni B amorphous metallic Creep strain recovery of of Fe Ni B amorphous metallic ribbon A. Juríkov ková,, K. K Csach,, J. J Miškuf kuf, V. Ocelík * Department of Metal Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of

More information

Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry 1

Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry 1 Designation: D 418 99 Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 418; the number immediately

More information

High Heating Rate DSC

High Heating Rate DSC High Heating Rate DSC R. Bruce Cassel TA Instruments, 19 Lukens Drive, New Castle DE 1972, USA ABSTRACT The use of fast DSC heating rates has been reported in several laboratories. TA Instruments Q Series

More information

THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR BI 2 TE 3 MATERIALS USING DSC

THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR BI 2 TE 3 MATERIALS USING DSC Journal of Science and Arts Year 10, No. 1(12), pp. 95-102, 2010 THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR BI 2 TE 3 MATERIALS USING DSC RADU SETNESCU 1,2, IULIAN BANCUTA 1, TANTA SETNESCU 1,2, VALERICA

More information

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-3 Second edition 2011-05-01 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization Plastiques

More information

C β = W β = = = C β' W γ = = 0.22

C β = W β = = = C β' W γ = = 0.22 9-15 9.13 This problem asks us to determine the phases present and their concentrations at several temperatures, as an alloy of composition 52 wt% Zn-48 wt% Cu is cooled. From Figure 9.19: At 1000 C, a

More information

ON THE KINETICS OF ALH3 DECOMPOSITION AND THE SUBSEQUENT AL OXIDATION

ON THE KINETICS OF ALH3 DECOMPOSITION AND THE SUBSEQUENT AL OXIDATION Fraunhofer ICT: ES - Energetic Systems ON THE KINETICS OF LH DECOMPOSITION ND THE SUBSEQUENT L OXIDTION Eisenreich N., Keßler., Koleczko., Weiser V. Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Chemische Technologie (ICT),

More information

Chapter 2. Experimental Methodology

Chapter 2. Experimental Methodology Chapter 2 Experimental Methodology 44 This chapter deals basically with the detailed description of different techniques that have been employed as principal and supplementary tools for the characterization

More information

Methodology for DSC calibration in high heating rates

Methodology for DSC calibration in high heating rates doi: 10.5028/jatm.2011.03021911 Carlos Isidoro Braga Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica São José dos Campos/SP Brazil braga@srgrupo.com.br Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço

More information

Phase Diagrams of Pure Substances Predicts the stable phase as a function of P total and T. Example: water can exist in solid, liquid and vapor

Phase Diagrams of Pure Substances Predicts the stable phase as a function of P total and T. Example: water can exist in solid, liquid and vapor PHASE DIAGRAMS Phase a chemically and structurally homogenous region of a material. Region of uniform physical and chemical characteristics. Phase boundaries separate two distinct phases. A single phase

More information

Phase Diagrams. Phases

Phase Diagrams. Phases Phase Diagrams Reading: Callister Ch. 10 What is a phase? What is the equilibrium i state t when different elements are mixed? What phase diagrams tell us. How phases evolve with temperature and composition

More information

Impact of Tzero Technology on DSC Resolution

Impact of Tzero Technology on DSC Resolution Impact of Tzero Technology on DSC Resolution Peter A. Caulfield, Robert L. Danley TA Instruments, 19 Lukens Drive, New Castle DE 1972 ABSTRACT Tzero Technology is a new DSC approach that utilizes an innovative

More information

Chapter 2 Electric Arc Furnace as Thermoenergetical Unit

Chapter 2 Electric Arc Furnace as Thermoenergetical Unit Chapter 2 Electric Arc Furnace as Thermoenergetical Unit 2.1 Thermal Performance of Furnace: Terminology and Designations There are different forms of energy. Heat is one of them. Heat is a form of energy

More information

Reflow Profiling: Time a bove Liquidus

Reflow Profiling: Time a bove Liquidus Reflow Profiling: Time a bove Liquidus AIM/David Suraski Despite much research and discussion on the subject of reflow profiling, many questions and a good deal of confusion still exist. What is clear

More information

PURALOX /CATALOX High purity activated aluminas

PURALOX /CATALOX High purity activated aluminas Sasol Sasol Germany Germany GmbH GmbH PURALOX /CATALOX High purity activated aluminas PURALOX /CATALOX High purity activated aluminas 2 PURALOX and CATALOX are the trademarks for the aluminum oxides derived

More information

Autocatalytic Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide at Low Temperature Conditions

Autocatalytic Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide at Low Temperature Conditions Autocatalytic Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide at Low Temperature Conditions Chin-Chuan Chen, Chi-Min Shu and Chan-An Yeh Process Safety and Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Department of Environmental

More information

New Cu-based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Strength of 2000 MPa

New Cu-based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Strength of 2000 MPa Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 449-452, pp 945-948 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.945 2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland New Cu-based Bulk Metallic

More information

Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature and glass transition step height

Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature and glass transition step height INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-2 Second edition 2013-05-01 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature and glass transition step height Plastiques

More information

CHAPTER 9 PCABS, PP and PPS Composites Characterization - Results and Discussion: Part II Thermal Analysis: Thermal Conductivity, Thermogravimetric

CHAPTER 9 PCABS, PP and PPS Composites Characterization - Results and Discussion: Part II Thermal Analysis: Thermal Conductivity, Thermogravimetric CHAPTER 9 PCABS, PP and PPS Composites Characterization - Results and Discussion: Part II Thermal Analysis: Thermal Conductivity, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry

More information

THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Conductivity Information of the thermo physical properties of materials and heat transfer optimization of final products is becoming

More information

Part 1: General principles

Part 1: General principles INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-1 Third edition 2016-09-15 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 1: General principles Plastiques Analyse calorimétrique différentielle (DSC) Partie 1:

More information

Kinetics of AlH 3 decomposition and subsequent Al oxidation / Hydrogen Jetfires

Kinetics of AlH 3 decomposition and subsequent Al oxidation / Hydrogen Jetfires Kinetics of AlH 3 decomposition and subsequent Al oxidation / Hydrogen Jetfires Eisenreich N., Keßler A., Deimling, L. Energetic Systems, ES Fraunhofer ICT IA Hysafe Research Priorities Workshop BAM, Berlin,

More information

Morphology of Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si-Fe Alloy and Its Control by Ultrasonic Vibration*

Morphology of Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si-Fe Alloy and Its Control by Ultrasonic Vibration* Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 9 (2007) pp. 2467 to 2475 #2007 Japan Foundary Engineering Society Morphology of Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si-Fe Alloy and Its Control by Ultrasonic Vibration*

More information

SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZE SILICON CARBIDE POWDER BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SiO 2

SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZE SILICON CARBIDE POWDER BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SiO 2 2nd International Conference on Ultrafine Grained & Nanostructured Materials (UFGNSM) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 5 (2012) 263 269 World Scientific Publishing Company

More information

Thermal Evaporation. Theory

Thermal Evaporation. Theory Thermal Evaporation Theory 1. Introduction Procedures for depositing films are a very important set of processes since all of the layers above the surface of the wafer must be deposited. We can classify

More information

BASE MATERIALS Through Assembly

BASE MATERIALS Through Assembly Thermal Analysis of BASE MATERIALS Through Assembly Can current analytical techniques predict and characterize differences in laminate performance prior to exposure to thermal excursions during assembly?

More information

Intermetallic Phase Growth and Reliability of Sn-Ag-Soldered Solar Cell Joints

Intermetallic Phase Growth and Reliability of Sn-Ag-Soldered Solar Cell Joints Vailable online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 27 (2012 ) 664 669 SiliconPV 2012, 03-05 April 2012, Leuven, Belgium Intermetallic Phase Growth and Reliability of Sn-Ag-Soldered Solar Cell Joints

More information

Calorimetry. Aim: To calculate the change in energy during an exothermic or endothermic reaction.

Calorimetry. Aim: To calculate the change in energy during an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Calorimetry Aim: To calculate the change in energy during an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Measuring Heat Energy Heat is measured in Joules or kilojoules English unit is Calories 1 Cal= 1 kilocalorie=

More information

CHAPTER 10 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 10 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 10 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Solubility Limit 10.1 Consider the sugar water phase diagram of Figure 10.1. (a) How much sugar will dissolve in 1000 g of water at 80 C (176 F)? (b) If the

More information

PREPARATION OF ALUMINA MATRIX FOR CERAMIC COMPOSITES BY SOL-GEL METHOD

PREPARATION OF ALUMINA MATRIX FOR CERAMIC COMPOSITES BY SOL-GEL METHOD PREPARATION OF ALUMINA MATRIX FOR CERAMIC COMPOSITES BY SOL-GEL METHOD Jiayu Xiao, Zhengfang Xie, Zhaohui Chen, Xingye Wang, Wenwei Zheng, and Junzhi Liu Department of material Engineering and Applied

More information

TGA/SDTA851 e Module. Thermal Analysis. Technical data Quality Service

TGA/SDTA851 e Module. Thermal Analysis. Technical data Quality Service Thermal Analysis Technical data Quality Service Temperature data: Temperature range Room temperature 1100 ºC / 1600 ºC Temperature accuracy ± 0.25 ºC (SF), ±0.3 ºC (LF1100) ±0.5 ºC (LF1600) Temperature

More information

Cu/Ag Eutectic System

Cu/Ag Eutectic System Eutectic Systems The simplest kind of system with two solid phases is called a eutectic system. A eutectic system contains two solid phases at low temperature. These phases may have different crystal structures,

More information

Thermal Analysis Premium DSC 3+ STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality

Thermal Analysis Premium DSC 3+ STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality Thermal Analysis Premium DSC 3+ STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Unmatched Performance DSC Premium Unmatched DSC Performance

More information

Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocystalline Fe Si B Nb Cu Rod Alloys Obtained by Crystallization of Cast Amorphous Phase

Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocystalline Fe Si B Nb Cu Rod Alloys Obtained by Crystallization of Cast Amorphous Phase Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 9 (2002) pp. 2337 to 2341 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocystalline Fe Si B Nb Cu Rod Alloys Obtained

More information

Chapter 10: Phase Diagrams

Chapter 10: Phase Diagrams hapter 10: Phase Diagrams Show figures 10-1 and 10-3, and discuss the difference between a component and a phase. A component is a distinct chemical entity, such as u, Ni, NiO or MgO. A phase is a chemically

More information

1. Use the Ellingham Diagram (reproduced here as Figure 0.1) to answer the following.

1. Use the Ellingham Diagram (reproduced here as Figure 0.1) to answer the following. 315 Problems 1. Use the Ellingham Diagram (reproduced here as Figure 0.1) to answer the following. (a) Find the temperature and partial pressure of O 2 where Ni(s), Ni(l), and NiO(s) are in equilibrium.

More information

High-Temperature Transformation Processes in Cu-13.4Al-5Ni Shape Memory Alloy Single Crystals M. Benke, V. Mertinger, and L.

High-Temperature Transformation Processes in Cu-13.4Al-5Ni Shape Memory Alloy Single Crystals M. Benke, V. Mertinger, and L. JMEPEG (2009) 18:496 499 ÓASM International DOI: 10.1007/s11665-009-9397-7 1059-9495/$19.00 High-Temperature Transformation Processes in Cu-13.4Al-5Ni Shape Memory Alloy Single Crystals M. Benke, V. Mertinger,

More information

Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers

Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers 1. SCOPE 1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the different types of heat treatment processes

More information

Accessories for Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Thermobalances

Accessories for Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Thermobalances Accessories for Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Thermobalances Crucibles, Sensors, Sample Carriers, Calibration Kits for DSC, TGA and STA Systems Analyzing & Testing Introduction Table of Contents

More information

Effects of Lead on Tin Whisker Elimination

Effects of Lead on Tin Whisker Elimination Effects of Lead on Tin Whisker Elimination Wan Zhang and Felix Schwager Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Lucerne, Switzerland inemi Tin Whisker Workshop at ECTC 0 May 30, 2006, in San Diego, CA Efforts

More information

University of Concepcion, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Concepcion, Chile

University of Concepcion, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Concepcion, Chile J Min Metall Sect B-Metall 50 (2) B (2014) 127-132 Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy KINETICS OF STIBNITE ( ) OXIDATION AT ROASTING TEMPERATURES R Padilla a,*, A Aracena b, MC Ruiz

More information

XRF S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM METAL BY THE MAGNETHERMIC METHOD

XRF S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM METAL BY THE MAGNETHERMIC METHOD Copyright(c)JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2001,Advances in X-ray Analysis,Vol.44 398 XRF S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM METAL BY THE MAGNETHERMIC METHOD H. L. Baker Northwest Alloys,

More information

Thermal Analysis Excellence

Thermal Analysis Excellence Thermal Analysis Excellence DMA 1 STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Comprehensive Materials Characterization DMA Excellence Multipurpose

More information

FGM Materials and Finding an Appropriate Model for the Thermal Conductivity

FGM Materials and Finding an Appropriate Model for the Thermal Conductivity Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 14 (2011) 3199 3204 The Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction FGM Materials and Finding an Appropriate

More information

Differential Scanning Calorimetry: A Review.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry: A Review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry: A Review. Kodre KV, Attarde SR, Yendhe PR, Patil RY, and Barge VU* PDEA s Shankarrao Ursal College of Pharmaceutical

More information

Ignition of aluminum-rich Al Ti mechanical alloys in air

Ignition of aluminum-rich Al Ti mechanical alloys in air Combustion and Flame 144 (2006) 688 697 www.elsevier.com/locate/combustflame Ignition of aluminum-rich Al Ti mechanical alloys in air Yuriy L. Shoshin, Mikhaylo A. Trunov, Xiaoying Zhu, Mirko Schoenitz,

More information

International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015)

International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) Influence of Er on Microstructure and Properties of Al-0.2%Zr-0.06%B Heat-resistant Alloy Conductor Prepared by Continuous ECAE

More information

INVESTIGATION OF THE PARTITION COEFFICIENTS IN THE NI-FE-NB ALLOYS: A THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

INVESTIGATION OF THE PARTITION COEFFICIENTS IN THE NI-FE-NB ALLOYS: A THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH INVESTIGATION OF THE PARTITION COEFFICIENTS IN THE NI-FE-NB ALLOYS: A THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Jairo Valdes*, DongEung Kim+, Shun-Li Shang+, Xingbo Liu**, Paul King++, Zi-Kui Liu+ *West

More information

Thermal, tensile and rheological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) processed and irradiated by gamma-ray in different atmospheres

Thermal, tensile and rheological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) processed and irradiated by gamma-ray in different atmospheres Thermal, tensile and rheological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) processed and irradiated by gamma-ray in different atmospheres H. F. R. Ferreto, A. C. F. Oliveira, R. Gaia, D. F. Parra,

More information

Development and Characterization of Ni 55 Ti 45 Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Development and Characterization of Ni 55 Ti 45 Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 54 (1): 89 93 (2017) Copyright Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 2518-4245 (print), 2518-4253 (online) Pakistan

More information

Copper Wire Bonding Technology and Challenges

Copper Wire Bonding Technology and Challenges Copper Wire Bonding Technology and Challenges By Dr Roger Joseph Stierman Date: 21 & 22 October 2013 Venue: SHRDC, Shah Alam, Selangor *2 days training package RM 3,000 per pax [*] * includes hotel accommodation

More information

INTERFLUX ELECTRONICS NV

INTERFLUX ELECTRONICS NV Reflow soldering temperature profiling Min : 30sec Max : 120sec Max : +4 C/sec Max : 250 C Min : 230 C Min: +0,5 C/sec Min : +1 C/sec Max : +3 C/sec Max : +1 C/sec Max : -6 C/sec Min : -2 C/sec Min : +1

More information

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram Steels: alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). Fe-C phase diagram is complex. Will only consider the steel part of the diagram, up to around 7% Carbon. University

More information

2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, L1H 7K4. Fuku-shi, Fukui, , Japan

2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, L1H 7K4. Fuku-shi, Fukui, , Japan Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 213-9-27 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 42, pp 185-193 doi:1.428/www.scientific.net/amm.42.185 213 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Determination of Specific Heat of

More information

Topic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS. Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling

Topic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS. Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling Topic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES Most metals do not occur native. They exist in compounds, usually

More information

CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS

CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 9.14 Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases for the alloys and temperatures given in Problem 9.8. 9.8. This problem asks that

More information

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-6 Second edition 2008-06-15 Corrected version 2008-11-15 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal

More information

Conversion of CO 2 Gas to CO Gas by the Utilization of Decarburization Reaction during Steelmaking Process

Conversion of CO 2 Gas to CO Gas by the Utilization of Decarburization Reaction during Steelmaking Process , pp. 413 418 Conversion of CO 2 Gas to CO Gas by the Utilization of Decarburization Reaction during Steelmaking Process Hiroyuki MATSUURA* and Fumitaka TSUKIHASHI Department of Advanced Materials Science,

More information

Characterization of Bitumen and Modified Bitumen (e-pmb) using FT-IR, Thermal and SEM techniques

Characterization of Bitumen and Modified Bitumen (e-pmb) using FT-IR, Thermal and SEM techniques Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ISSN 2231-606X. Characterization of Bitumen and Modified Bitumen (e-pmb) using FT-IR, Thermal and SEM techniques Abstract Gupta Reena 1*, Sangita 2 and Kaur Verinder

More information

J = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2

J = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2 1. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic

More information

Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Co Fe Si B Nb Bulk Glassy Alloys

Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Co Fe Si B Nb Bulk Glassy Alloys Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 5 (2002) pp. 1230 to 1234 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Co Fe Si B Nb Bulk Glassy Alloys Akihisa

More information

Chapter 10, Phase Transformations

Chapter 10, Phase Transformations Chapter Outline: Phase Transformations Heat Treatment (time and temperature) Microstructure Kinetics of phase transformations Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation Growth, rate of the phase transformation

More information

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study

More information

GLASS FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES OF Na 2 O-CaO-P 2 O 5 GLASSES IN SIMULATED BODY FLUIDS

GLASS FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES OF Na 2 O-CaO-P 2 O 5 GLASSES IN SIMULATED BODY FLUIDS Romanian Reports in Physiscs, Volume 56, No. 3, P. 44-49, 004 GLASS FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES OF Na O-CaO-P O 5 GLASSES IN SIMULATED BODY FLUIDS V. SIMON AND H. MOCUTA Physics Department, Babes-Bolyai

More information

CONTROL OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION DURING HEAT TREATMENTS BASED ON DSC EXPERIMENTS

CONTROL OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION DURING HEAT TREATMENTS BASED ON DSC EXPERIMENTS Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2015 Edited by: Matthias Militzer, Gianluigi Botton, Long-Qing Chen, James Howe, Chadwick Sinclair,

More information

Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B,

Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B, Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B, 1143-1148 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0167 JUN HO HWANG*, JONG-HYUN LEE* # TRANSIENT LIQUID PHASE BEHAVIOR OF Sn-COATED Cu PARTICLES AND CHIP BONDING USING PASTE CONTAINING

More information

Binary phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams inary phase diagrams inary phase diagrams and ibbs free energy curves inary solutions with unlimited solubility Relative proportion of phases (tie lines and the lever principle) Development of microstructure

More information

SN100C Technical Guide

SN100C Technical Guide SN100C Technical Guide INTRODUCTION SN100C is a lead-free tin/copper//germanium alloy. It has been in use since about the year 2000. Since then SN100C has become a world leading alloy in wave and selective

More information

CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Solubility Limit 9.1 Consider the sugar water phase diagram of Figure 9.1. (a) How much sugar will dissolve in 1500 g water at 90 C (194 F)? (b) If the saturated

More information

Experimental investigation of the Mg Al Ca system

Experimental investigation of the Mg Al Ca system Journal of Alloys and Compounds 436 (2007) 131 141 Experimental investigation of the Mg Al Ca system M. Aljarrah a, M. Medraj a,,x.wang a, E. Essadiqi b, A. Muntasar c,g.dénès c a Mechanical Engineering

More information

J. Temuujin & L. Telmenbayar

J. Temuujin & L. Telmenbayar Carbothermic reactions of mechanically milled coal and wolframite mixtures under Ar and N 2 atmospheres J. Temuujin & L. Telmenbayar Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry An International Forum for

More information

WF6317. A superactive low-volatile/high heat-resistant water-soluble flux for ball soldering

WF6317. A superactive low-volatile/high heat-resistant water-soluble flux for ball soldering WF637 A superactive low-volatile/high heat-resistant water-soluble flux for ball soldering Low viscosity and high tacking power stabilize ball holding force and ensures excellent solder wettability Easy

More information

Characterization of High Performance Polyamides Blends for Injection Molding (November 2014)

Characterization of High Performance Polyamides Blends for Injection Molding (November 2014) Characterization of High Performance Polyamides Blends for Injection Molding (November 2014) Ana Luísa V. D. Moreira Braga, Student of Técnico Lisboa; Prof. António J. B. Correia Diogo, Professor at Técnico

More information

Characterization of Coatings on Grey Cast Iron Fabricated by Hot-dipping in Pure Al, AlSi11 and AlTi5 Alloys

Characterization of Coatings on Grey Cast Iron Fabricated by Hot-dipping in Pure Al, AlSi11 and AlTi5 Alloys A R C H I V E S o f F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 14 Issue 1/2014 85 90 20/1 Characterization

More information

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of ZrO 2 -based systems

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of ZrO 2 -based systems Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of ZrO 2 -based systems O.B. Fabrichnaya,G.B. Savinykh, G. Schreiber H.J. Seifert Institute for Materials Science, Technical University of Freiberg,

More information

GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY

GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY 1. What is matrix? The ore is generally associated with rock impurities like clay, sand etc. called gangue or matrix 2. What is mineral? The natural

More information