Basic Electricity. EAS 199A Lecture Notes

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1 Basic Electricity EAS 199A Lecture Notes

2 Learning Objec:ves Successful comple:on of this module will enable students to Link the basic model of an atom to the flow of electricity Apply the defini:ons of Amp, Volt, Coulomb, Joule, WaJ to unit conversions and basic problems involving current and voltage Apply Ohm s Law to simple DC circuits

3 Defini:on Electricity is a form of energy resul2ng from the existence of charged par2cles (such as electrons or protons), either sta2cally as an accumula2on of charge or dynamically as a current. Concise Oxford English Dic:onary, revised 10 th edi:on

4 Defini:on Electricity is a form of energy resul2ng from the existence of charged par2cles (such as electrons or protons), either sta2cally as an accumula2on of charge or dynamically as a current. Concise Oxford English Dic:onary, revised 10 th edi:on

5 Defini:on Conductor: A conductor is a material that readily allows the flow of electricity. A good conductor has a high numerical value of a conduc2vity, and a low numerical value of resistance.

6 Defini:on Conduc+vity: All materials have a measurable property called electrical conduc:vity that indicates the ability of the material to either allow or impede the flow of electrons. Materials that easily conduct electricity have a high conduc:vity.

7 Defini:on Insulator: An insulator is a material that tends to impede the flow of electricity. A resistor has a low numerical value of conduc:vity and high numerical value of resistance.

8 Defini:on Semiconductor: A semiconductor is a material with conduc:vity between that of a conductor and insulator. The conduc:vity of a semiconductor can be changed by exposing it to an electrical field, light, mechanical pressure, or heat.

9 Simplified Func:onal Differences Semiconductors can be used in devices that act like a switch.

10 Elements Pure substances are made of elements. An element consists of atoms Atoms have a nucleus consis:ng of protons and neutrons Electrons move in shells around the nucleus

11 Elements Number of protons determines the element Number of electrons varies State of electrical charge Is the element in a chemical bond? Number of neutrons varies with isotope

12 PERIOD GROUP 1 IA 18 VIIIA H HYDROGEN 2 IIA Li Be Ca Sc La-Lu Ac-Lr Ti V Cr Rb Y Zr Nb Mo Sr Cs Ba 87 (223) 88 (226) Fr Ra Hf Ta W 13 IIIA Mn Tc Fe Co Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ni Cu 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA HELIUM B N F Ne ATOMIC NUMBER RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (1) SYMBOL LITHIUM BERYLLIUM B BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON BORON ELEMENT NAME Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar VIIIB SODIUM MAGNESIUM 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB IB 12 IIB ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULPHUR CHLORINE ARGON K Zn Br Kr POTASSIUM CALCIUM SCANDIUM TITANIUM VANADIUM CHROMIUM MANGANESE IRON COBALT NICKEL COPPER ZINC GALLIUM GERMANIUM ARSENIC SELENIUM BROMINE RUBIDIUM STRONTIUM YTTRIUM ZIRCONIUM NIOBIUM MOLYBDENUM TECHNETIUM RUTHENIUM RHODIUM PALLADIUM SILVER CADMIUM CAESIUM FRANCIUM BARIUM RADIUM PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Lanthanide GROUP NUMBERS IUPAC RECOMMENDATION (1985) HAFNIUM TANTALUM TUNGSTEN GROUP NUMBERS CHEMICALABSTRACT SERVICE (1986) 43 (98) Ru Re Os Rh Pd Ag Cd (209) 85 (210) Ir Pt Au 104 (267) 105 (268) 106 (271) 107 (272) 108 (277) 109 (276) 110 (281) 111 (280) Ds Rg Hg RHENIUM OSMIUM IRIDIUM PLATINUM GOLD MERCURY THALLIUM LEAD BISMUTH POLONIUM ASTATINE 112 (285) Cn Actinide RUTHERFORDIUM DUBNIUM SEABORGIUM BOHRIUM HASSIUM MEITNERIUM DARMSTADTIUM ROENTGENIUM COPERNICIUM Ga In Tl h ttp:// C Ge Sn Pb As Sb Bi O Se Te INDIUM TIN ANTIMONY TELLURIUM Po I IODINE At 86 He KRYPTON Xe XENON (222) Rn RADON (1) Pure Appl. Chem., 81, No. 11, (2009) Relative atomic mass is shown with five significant figures. For elements have no stable nuclides, the value enclosed in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However three such elements (Th, Pa, and U) do have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and for these an atomic weight is tabulated. LANTHANIDE La LANTHANUM ACTINIDE 89 (227) Ac ACTINIUM Ce CERIUM Th Pa Pr Nd U THORIUM PROTACTINIUM URANIUM 61 (145) Sm Eu Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Pm Gd 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Copyright 2010 Eni Generalic PRASEODYMIUM NEODYMIUM PROMETHIUM SAMARIUM EUROPIUM GADOLINIUM TERBIUM DYSPROSIUM HOLMIUM ERBIUM THULIUM YTTERBIUM Lu LUTETIUM 103 (262) NEPTUNIUM PLUTONIUM AMERICIUM CURIUM BERKELIUM CALIFORNIUM EINSTEINIUM FERMIUM MENDELEVIUM NOBELIUM LAWRENCIUM Lr

13 Periodic Table: Copper

14 Bohr Model of the atom (Cu)

15 Electrical current in a trivial circuit Conductor + Battery

16 Electrical current: atomic model + Battery

17 Electrical Current: electron flow + Battery

18 Electrical Current: electron flow Electron flow: negative to positive + Battery

19 Electrical Current: current conven:on Current flow: positive to negative Electron flow: negative to positive + Battery

20 How many electrons?

21 How many electrons?

22 Electrical current: poten:al

23 Electrical current: electron flow

24 Electrical current: conven:on

25 Defini:on: Charge Elementary charge 1 electron = coulomb Coulomb 1 coulomb= electrons

26 1A = 1 C s Defini:on: Current 1 C = 6.24 "10 18 electrons

27 Defini:on: Voltage 1V = 1 J coulomb

28 Voltage and electrical work e A B If the voltage between A and B is one volt, then one Joule of work is done when electrons move from A to B.

29 Ohm s Law V R V = IR I

30 Ohm s Law

31 Ohm s Law

32 Ohm s Law

33 Ohm s Law

34 Example: Current through a light bulb A 1.5 volt AA bajery is wired to a light bulb with a resistance of 30 Ω. a. Sketch the components. b. Draw the circuit. c. Find the current flowing through the light bulb.

35 Example: Current through a light bulb A 1.5 volt AA bajery is wired to a light bulb with a resistance of 30 Ω. a. Sketch the components.

36 Example: Current through a light bulb A 1.5 volt AA bajery is wired to a light bulb with a resistance of 30 Ω. a. Sketch the components. b. Draw the circuit.

37 Example: Current through a light bulb c. Find the current flowing through the bulb Apply Ohm s Law to the loop V = I R V and R and known, so solve for I I = V/R Subs:tute the known values and compute the value of I I = 1.5V = 0.05 A = 50 ma 30! where 1 A = 1000 ma.

AIM: SWBAT determine the location of metals, nonmetals and metalloids on the periodic table. What is another name for a column in the periodic table?

th Grade Science Metals, nonmetals and metalloids Name Date: UNIT 1 LESSON 1 Do Now AIM: SWBAT determine the location of metals, nonmetals and metalloids on the periodic table Directions: Answer the following