Chapter - 3. Mineral and Power Resources

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1 Chapter - 3 Mineral and Power Resources

2 What are Minerals? A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral

3 Minerals Not distributed properly concentrated in a particular rock Some minerals are found at arms which are not easily accessible

4

5 Formation of Minerals Formed in different types of geological environments Different conditions Natural process Can be identify on the basis of their physical properties - color, density, harness and chemical property like solubility.

6

7 Minerals Metallic Non-metallic Ferrous Non - ferrous

8 Metallic Minerals Contain metal in raw form Hard substances Conduct heat and electricity Lustre or shine Iron ore, bauxite, manganese ore

9 Metal : - Ferrous or Non ferrous Ferrous: - Iron ore, manganese and chromite contain iron Non - ferrous: - Minerals that does not contain iron but may contain some other metal such as gold, silver, copper or lead

10 Non - metallic minerals Minerals that do not contain metals. Limestone, mica, and gypsum Mineral fuels like coal and petroleum are also non metallic minerals.

11 Extraction of Minerals Extrac'ng Minerals Mining Drilling Quarrying Open cast mining Shaft Mining

12 Mining Mining : - The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth s surface is called mining. Open -cast mining : - Minerals that

13 Mining The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth s surface is called mining.

14 Open - cast mining Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer

15 Shaft mining Shaft: - Deep bores To reach minerals deposits that lie at great depths

16

17

18 Drilling Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth s surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling

19 Quarrying Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out, by the process known as quarrying

20

21 Distribution of Minerals It occurs in different types of rocks Metallic minerals generally found in Igneous and metamorphic

22 North Sweden - Iron ore

23 Ontario, Canada - Copper and Nickel

24 Iron, nickel, chromite and platinum - SA

25 Sedimentary rock formations of plains and young fold mountains contain non metallic minerals like limestone Limestone Caucasus region of France, Manganese - Georgia and Ukraine Phosphate - Algeria Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are found in the sedimentary strata

26 ASIA

27 Asia China and India have large iron ore deposits Asia produced more than half of the world s tin China, Malaysia and Indonesia are among the world s leading tin producers China also leads in production of Lead, antimony and tungsten Asia also has the deposits o manganese, bauxite, nickel, zinc and copper

28 Lead

29 Antimony

30 Zinc

31 Europe Leading producer of iron ore in the world Large depositions of iron are Russia, Ukraine, Sweeden and France. Minerals deposits of copper, lead and zinc, manganese and nickel are found in eastern European Russia.

32 South America Brazil is the largest producer of high grade iron ore in the world. Chile and Peru are leading producers of copper Brazil and Bolivia are among the world s largest producers of Tin SA also has large deposits of gold, silver, zinc, chromium, manganese, bauxite, mica, platinum, asbestos and diamond Mineral oil is found in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Peru and Columbia

33 Africa Rich in Mineral Resources Largest producers of diamonds, gold and platinum South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce large portion of the world s gold Copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt and bauxite Oil in Nigeria, Libya and Angola

34

35 Australia Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world. It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron or, tin and nickel It is rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese Kaloorli and Coolgardie areas of Western Australia have the largest deposits of gold

36

37 Antarctica The geology of Antarctica is sufficiently well known to predict the existence of a variety of mineral deposits Coal in Transantarctic Iron ore, gold, silver and oil are also present in large quantity

38 Distribution in India

39 Iron Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharastra and Karnataka

40 Bauxite Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharastra and Tamil Nadu

41 Mica Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan India is the largest producer and exporter of Mica in the world.

42 Copper Madhya pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

43 Manganese Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

44 Limestone Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu

45 Gold Kolar in Karnataka Among the deepest mines of the world.

46 Salt It is obtained from seas, lakes and rocks India is one of the world s leading producers and exporters of slat.

47

48 Uses of Minerals Minerals are used in many industries Copper in pipes and coins Silicon is used in Computer which is made of quarts Aluminum is used in automobile and airplanes, batting industries and in kitchen

49 Conservation of Minerals Minerals are a non renewable resource It takes thousands of years for the formation and concentration f minerals Formation rate so slow It is necessary to reduce wastage in the process of mining

50 Power Resources Power or energy plays vital role in our lives We need power for industries, agriculture, transport, communication and defense Two types Conventional Sources and Non- conventional sources

51 Conventional sources Common in use since a long time Firewood and fossil fuel

52 Firewood Widely used for cooking and heating In India more than 50 % of the energy comes from fire wood

53 Fossil Fuel Remains of plants and animals which were buried under the earth for millions of years got converted by the heat ad pressure into fossil fuels. Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas are the main sources of conventional energy These are limited

54 Coal This is the most abundantly found fossil fuel Domestic fuel and industries To generate electricity - Thermal power Millions years before when giant ferns and swamps got buried under the layers of earth Buried sunshine China, USA, Germany, Russia, South Africa and France are leading producers. In India - Raniganj, Jharia, Dhanbad and Bokaro in Jharkhand

55 Petroleum It is found between the layers of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in off shore and coastal areas. This is then sent to refineries Variety of products are formed Diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold

56 Petroleum Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are leading in petroleum USA, Russia, Venezuela and Algeria. In India - Digboi in Assam, Bombay High in Mumbai and the deltas of Karnataka and Godavari rivers

57 Natural Gas Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface it can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel Russia, Norway, UK and the Netherlands are major producers of Natural Gas

58 In India - Jaisalmer, Krishna Godavari delts, Tripura and some areas off shore in Mumbai have natural gas resources Very few countries have sufficient natural gas Depletion of resources Unchecked burning of fossil fuel We need to see for the non conventional source of energy

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