CMP Process Development for the Via- Middle 3D TSV Applications at 28nm Technology Node
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1 CMP Process Development for the Via- Middle 3D TSV Applications at 28nm Technology Node UMC/ ATD_AM / CMP Department T. C. Tsai, W. C. Tsao, Welch Lin, C. L. Hsu, C. L. Lin, C. M. Hsu, J. F. Lin, C. C. Huang and J. Y. Wu
2 Introduction 2
3 Before (CMOS) FEOL 3D-TSV Integration Schemes Via-First Approach IBM, NEC, Elpida, OKI, Tohoku, DALSA. After FEOL (Before BEOL) (Via Middle) Before Bonding (After BEOL) Via-Last Approach UMC, TI, TSMC,IMEC, Global Foundry, Tezzaron, Ziptronix ASE, Infineon, Zycube, IZM, After Bonding Samsung, IBM, MIT LL, RTI, RPI. Source: Yole Development; P. Pangaud, U. de la Méditerranée, CMOS Emerging Technologies Workshop,
4 Via-Middle TSV Process Flow Through Silicon Via RIE Insulator Deposition PASV Barrier/Seed Deposition Via Filling Al-pad (L2) SiO2 (L1) Cu_Mn IMD Cu_M3 Bondable metal Stress-absorbing M2 Mechanically metal M1 strengthened dielectrics Cu/Ta-CMP OX/SiN CMP BEOL q Via-middle between Cont and BEOL 3D-TSV scheme has become the mainstream for IC foundry. 4
5 Experimental 5
6 Experimental q 300mm blanket wafers with Si-substrate/ inter-layer dielectric (ILD) oxide layer/ SiN layer were prepared to form via-middle TSV structure wafers. q The 70um deep TSVs with 10um diameter size were constructed with electrochemical deposition (ECD) of Cu film/ PVD Cu seed/ Ta(N) barrier/ SACVD oxide liner. q Two Cu metal layers with 28nm BEOL design rule were stacked on TSV structures to evaluate the process impacts of the intrinsic TSV Cu extrusion on BEOL layers. 6
7 Schematic of Via-middle TSV Structure Wafers post ECD Process ECD Cu SACVD Oxide Liner SIN CMP Stop Layer ILD Oxide Layer Si Ta(N) Barrier 7
8 Experimental q The TSV CMP was carried out a rotary type polisher with three polishing platens. q Three different kinds of silica based slurries were utilized to polish off 1). excess copper film on platen one; 2). Ta(N) barrier and oxide liner layers (stop on SiN layer) on platen two; 3). SiN layer (final stop on ILD oxide layer) on platen three. q Varied pre-tsv CMP anneal temperatures (350C~410C) and ECD with different electroplating chemical solutions were investigated to eliminate the formations of the Cu extrusion and voids induced by BEOL thermal budget. 8
9 Via-Middle TSV-CMP Potential Issues Ti Ta(N) Platen 2 OX/SiN Residue SIN ILD OX Polish Ti(Ta)/OX stop on SiN Ti Ta(N) Platen 1 Cu Residue/ Dishing SIN ILD OX Polish Cu stop on Ti(Ta) Platen 3 ILD range/ Cu recess / Defectivity Ti Ta(N) ILD OX Polish SiN stop on ILD q TSV recess, ILD range, T/P and defectivity are the key issues need to be fixed. 9 Ti Ta(N) Cu SIN ILD OX
10 Experimental q Cu film thickness before and after TSV CMP was detected by using a KLA RS-100 four point probe. q ILD oxide layer thickness loss and range were measured by KLA F5x thin film measurement system. q The TSV Cu recesses were characterized by using high-resolution atomic force profiler. The TSV structures post deep reactive ion etching (RIE), ECD and CMP processes were determined by using top and cross-sectional viewed SEM micrographs. 10
11 Results and Discussion 11
12 Cross-sectional TSV SEM Pictures a). b). c). 12 d). q TSV with aspect ratio (AR) ~7 structures post (a~c) deep reactive ion etch (RIE) and (d) Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) steps.
13 Cu Peeling/Residue and OX/SiN Dielectric Residue Issues post TSV-CMP Cu Peeling Cu Cu Residue OX/SiN Residue q Cu peeling/residue and OX/SiN dielectric residue found due to unsuitable ECD and TSV CMP processes. 13
14 Before and after Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) Cu THK Profiles Optimization TSV Cu Thickness (A) Before Process T uning During Proce ss T uning Final Proc ess optimizat ion W afer Diam eter from W afer C en ter (m m ) q The range of WiW Cu film thickness can be much improved from ~20000A to 1500A by ECD process optimization. 14
15 ILD THK Range Control Performance post TSV-CMP Platen Three Polishing Range = 65A Remaining ILD THK (A) #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 #20 #21 #22 #23 #24 #25 Range = 59A q WtW and WiW ILD THK mapping range control can be <100A as ILD THK loss ~100A post P3 polishing. 15 Wafer No.
16 TSV Cu Recess Level for Each Polishing Step (TSV Areas Marked by Red Cycles) a ). P re -T S V C M P b ). P o s t P 1 p o lis h R e c e s s : ~ A c ). P o s t P 2 p o lis h R e c e s s : ~ A d ). P o s t P 3 p o lis h R e c e s s : ~ A R e c e s s : ~ A q The TSV Cu recess can be continuously reduced form around 330A to 110A as polishing through platen 1 to platen 3 TSV-CMP process. 16
17 Cu Extrusion Found post TSV CMP Cap and Metal 3 Cap Layer Depositions a). ~560A Cu Cu extrusion (Pre- (350C 350C x 10x 10min. anneal) Anneal) ~60A Cu Cu extrusion (Pre- (400C 400C x 10x 10min. anneal) Anneal) Post Post Metal Metal 33 Cap Cap 95A 95A Cu Cu Extrusion q Severe Cu extrusion was easily found post TSV CMP cap and even post metal 3 cap layer deposition. 17
18 Cu Extrusion Induced Metal/ULK Thinning and BEOL Peeling with Cu Voids a). TSV Si b). M1/ V1/ M1/ ULK/ V1/ ULK/ M2 THK M2 Thinning ULK TSV TSV Cu Cu Extrusion M2 M1 M2 M1 V1 M1 M2 c). q Metal /ULK thinning were found due to Cu extrusion for pre anneal condition. - TSVCMP q Cu extrusion of TSV is indeed a potential concern to result in metal and ultra-low k (ULK) film thinning and delamination or damage of the BEOL. 18
19 Effects of pre-tsv CMP Anneal Condition on Cu Extrusion and Void Formation W/O Anneal No Anneal 350C x C x 20 (Post CMP) (Post CMP) (Post CMP) f). 350C x 10 (Post CMP) 400C x 10 (Post CMP) C x 10 (Post Cap) q Increasing pre-tsvcmp anneal temp. could reduce Cu extrusion, but induce Cu voids issue.
20 Effects of Different ECD Chemical Solutions on TSV Cu Voids (400Cx10 min. Anneal) Chemical Solution 1 Chemical Solution 2 Normalized Impurity Concentration Chemical Solution 1 Chemical Solution 2 C Cl O N S Impurities of the Cu ECD Chemical Solutions q TSV Cu voids can be eliminated by reducing the impurities of the Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD) chemical solutions.
21 Conclusions 21
22 Conclusions q Via-middle between Cont and BEOL 3D-TSV scheme has become the mainstream for IC foundry. q WiW Cu film thickness range can be much improved from ~20000A to 1500A by ECD process optimization. q WtW and WiW ILD THK mapping range control can be <100A as ILD THK loss ~100A post P3 polishing. q TSV Cu recess can be continuously reduced from around 330A to 110A as polishing through platen 1 to platen 3 TSV-CMP process. 22
23 Conclusions q Severe Cu extrusion was easily found post TSV CMP cap and even post metal 3 cap layer deposition. q Cu extrusion of TSV is indeed a potential concern to result in metal and ultra-low k (ULK) film thinning and delamination or damage of the BEOL. q Increasing pre-tsvcmp anneal temperature could reduce Cu extrusion, but induce Cu voids issue. q TSV Cu voids can be eliminated by reducing the impurities of the Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD) chemical solutions. 23
24 Thank You! 24
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