Modelling of semi-liquid aluminium flow in extrusion
|
|
- Gwendoline Lang
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN ( ) Volume 7 Issue 2/ /2 Modelling of semi-liquid aluminium flow in extrusion G. Skorulski a, *, J. Piwnik a a Chair of Materials Engineering and Mechanical Technology, Technical University of Białystok, Wiejska St. 45C, Białystok, Poland *Correspondence: skorgreg@pb.edu.pl Received ; Approved for print on: Summary Experimental modeling using substitute materials is usually a simply way to obtain satisfacted results. This kind of experiment is characterizing by low cost. The significant results may be quickly applying using theory of probability. The way of modelling the deformation mechanisms during extrusion of aluminium alloys in semi - liquid phase, the way of preparing samples and experimental technique has been analysed in the following work. On the ground of received results (i.e. registrations of consecutive process steps) the grid of the flow velocity vectors on a flat sample surface was done. It allowed to draw conclusions which one of the basic deformation mechanisms is dominant in particular stage of the process. The technique of measurement has been shown as well. Experiments are made using plasticine and rape oil as a substiute materials. Some kind of different variants have been investigated. To ensure that such model experiments provide useful information it is essential to select model materials and prepare samples that would exhibit (preferably at room temperature) similar behaviour and similar deformation mechanisms as those present during the actual deformation process of aluminium alloys in a semi-liquid state. In particular the FLS, SS and PDS mechanisms should be adequately reproduced. Keywords: Innovative materials and foundry technologies, thixoforming, experimental modelling, semi-liquid alloys, extrusion 1. Introduction Thixoforming extrusion and injection (die casting) is a most complication technology. The material is deformed at the semisolid temperature due to the heat generation caused by plastic deformation [7, 8, 9]. The billet is heated to obtain a semi-solid state, and then transferred to the dies and formed. To attain sufficient fluidity of the semi-solid material filling into the die cavity, the volume fraction of solid phase should be low [6, 7]. Many technical parameters must be still control with high accuracy. On the other hand the complex-shape can be formed. Moreover, the mechanical properties of sem-liquid material are much better than those of cast one. Some problems of physical and numerical modeling of thixoforming processes are described in [11, 12]. During semi-liquid deformation of aluminium alloys in extrusion one can identify four basic deformation mechanisms as follows [1, 3, 4, 5]: a) Liquid flow (LF), b) Flow of liquid incorporating solid particles (FLS), c) Sliding between solid particles (SS), d) Plastic deformation of solid particles (PDS). For low levels of solid fraction the first two of the above prevail. As the solid fraction and the deformation rate increase, the SS and PDS mechanisms become more dominant. The basic objective of the present work has been to investigate by means of model experiments interaction between the four deformation mechanisms mentioned above and the dependence of material flow on different process parameters. It seems to be practically impossible to set up an experiment that would give a direct insight into the deformation. ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007,
2 Many investigations and researches were made choosing substitute materials in modelling of semi-solid aluminium extrusion and injection. Experiments are made using plasticine, silicone with hardener and some kinds of water solution of gelatin. The results, especially velocity and displacement distributions on the contact surface has been confirmed that the described substitute materials have very similar properties to aluminium alloys in elevated temperatures. They may be used in modelling of plastic flow in symmetric or non - symmetric extrusion process, e.g. of formerly divided streams [13, 14, 15]. Since, the force requirements for the model tests have been small, one container wall has been made of transparent plastic so that the material flow and the deformation progress could be observed during the tests. All the tests have been carried out at room temperature using standard Instron 1112 machine. The deformation of the grid has been photographed at a number of deformation steps (that is for several positions of the extrusion punch) and registered using a video camera. 2. Preparation of the samples and experimental technique Special samples have been designed to reproduce the three mechanisms that dominate the deformation of aluminium alloys in the semi-liquid state, namely the FLS, SS and PDS mechanisms. Plasticine and rape oil have been used to represent respectively the solid and the liquid phases. The samples have been prepared in a shape of a parallelepiped made out of homogeneous plasticine with transversal holes filled with oil, the outer dimensions of the samples being 200mm 80mm 20mm as length, width and thickness respectively. Square grids with 5mm 5mm spacing have been inserted on the faces of the samples using plasticine of contrast colour. The transversal holes have been made circular or rectangular in cross section with diameter or side length being either 5mm or 10mm. The holes have been arranged uniformly within the sample volume, the ratio of their total area to the sample face area giving the mean liquid volume fraction V L. A number of samples have been prepared with the following values of the mean liquid volume fraction: 0.0, 0.073, 0.074, 0.084, 0.084, 0.133, 0.139, 0.193, 0.209, 0.224, 0.244, The so prepared samples with the transversal holes filled with rape oil have been extruded using a special test device simulating plane-strain conditions [15]. Experimental stand has been shown in Fig. 1. Equipment has been presented in Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Experimental stand with equipment: 1 INSTRON 1112 machine, 2 - recorder, 3 experimental stand (shown in Fig. 1.), 4 sample, 5 lights, 6 video camera, 7 camera, 8 - tripod All the tests have been carried out with punch velocity of 20cm/min. Flat and wedge-shaped dies have been used, the die opening width being 20mm in either case which corresponds to reduction ratio R = The above values of the punch velocity and reduction ratio have been selected on the basis of conclusions of the previous investigation. 3. Discussion of the test results Fig. 1. Experimental stand The deformed grid patterns given in Fig.3. illustrate the material flow during solid-state extrusion (i.e. for the mean liquid volume fraction V L = 0.0) through the flat die. In the die container corner a dead zone develops where no material flow takes place. All the permanent deformation results from the PDS mechanism which is the only deformation mechanism present during solid-state processing. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the material flow during semi-liquid extrusion for two different configurations of holes with oil and different values of liquid volume fraction V L (V L = in the first case and V L = in the second). One can clearly observe significant qualitative differences when comparing Figures 4 and 5 with the flow pattern prevailing during solid-state extrusion as shown in Fig.3. Additionally Fig. 4 shows consecutive stages of the extrusion process through the cone die and Fig. 5 through the rectangular one. In the first case V L = 0,073, in the second one V L = 0, ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007, 31-36
3 All the tests have been carried out for every V L mentioned in part 2. Figures 4 and 5 were chosen as a representative ones. Comparing 4 and 5 one can also infer an influence of a die on the running flow process in the semi-liquid phase ("dead zone" field). Fig. 4. Material flow during semi-liquid extrusion (cone die) - V L = 0, 073 Fig.3. The images of plastic flow for homogeneous material (plasticine flat die) V L = 0 Observation of consecutive stages of deformation reveals occurrence of considerable flow nonuniformity as a result of nonuniform distribution of material properties. High degree of distortion of the volume elements surrounding the holes with liquid phase can be observed even at early stages. ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007,
4 Comparison of the flow patterns obtained for the flat and wedge-shaped dies reveals that the die shape does not influence in an essential way the kind of deformation mechanisms occurring for particular value of the liquid volume fraction. 4. Flow velocity distribution For a given deformation stage the distribution of the flow velocities within the solid-phase volume (that is plasticine) can be evaluated by comparing two grid patterns obtained for two consecutive punch positions. The distributions of the flow velocity computed for twelve different cases characterised by the liquid volume fractions (V L = ) have been plotted respectively in figures 6 8. Considerable flow nonuniformity can be observed in all the above cases. The flow nonuniformity increases for increasing values of the liquid volume fraction. Fig. 6. Distribution of the flow velocities within the solid phase volume (flat die) Fig. 5. Material flow during semi-liquid extrusion (flat die) - V L = 0, 133 As the liquid volume fraction V L increases the FLS mechanism and subsequently the SS mechanism occur apart from the basic PDS mechanism and become more important for the global deformation picture. The above can be most clearly seen by inspecting the regions directly under the punch and in the vicinity of the die opening. Interaction between different deformation mechanisms is most complex. Fig. 7. Distribution of the flow velocities within the solid phase volume (cone die) Determination of the distributions of the flow velocity is the final stage in modelling processes. These are essential for building maps of the flow mechanisms. Although the process is very 34 ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007, 31-36
5 complicated (4 basic mechanisms can be identified) one can identify and establish their participation in a whole process i.e. when and in which geometrical parts they appears. What is more we can also infer from the distributions of velocity vectors, which mechanism is dominating at present time. similar behaviour and similar deformation mechanisms as those present during the actual deformation process of aluminium alloys in a semi-liquid state. In particular the FLS, SS and PDS mechanisms should be adequately reproduced. Among the multitude of different process parameters influencing the material flow during extrusion of semi-liquid aluminium alloys the following can be mentioned as the most important: a) Initial liquid fraction V L, b) Reduction ratio R, c) Shape of the die and shape of the extrusion punch, d) Initial shape of the workpiece, e) Extrusion rate or the velocity of the punch, f) Process temperature and its distribution within the workpiece. Liquid volume fraction V L is defined as follows: V L DVL =, (1) DV Fig. 8. Distribution of the flow velocities within the solid phase volume (flat die) The distribution of the flow velocity confirm occurrence of the PDS, FLS and SS mechanisms as well as the fact that the PDS mechanism dominates and the role of the other two increases for increasing liquid volume fraction. Moreover, the LF mechanism manifests locally in the vicinity of the die opening for high values of the liquid volume fraction. 5. Concluding remarks The results of the modelling experiments presented above prove the complex nature of the phenomena taking place during extrusion of aluminium alloys in the semi-liquid state. While the PDS mechanism is the only one occurring during solid-state extrusion, the other mechanisms appeared as the liquid volume fraction increased. The PDS mechanism dominated material deformation in all tests, but the role of the FLS and SS mechanisms increased for increasing values of the liquid value fraction. Moreover, the LF mechanism occurred locally in the vicinity of the die opening for high values of the liquid volume fraction. Thus, the overall deformation picture during extrusion in the semi-liquid state is much different from the one observed during extrusion of homogeneous material in the solid state. It seems to be almost impossible to set an experiment that would give a direct insight into the deformation process of the actual aluminium alloy in a semi-liquid state under the actual technological conditions (that is an aluminium alloy in a semiliquid state).therefore, special model experiments using substitute material have been designed and carried out. To ensure that such model experiments provide useful information it is essential to select model materials and prepare samples that would exhibit (preferably at room temperature) where DV L is the part of the volume element occupied by the liquid phase. To investigate the effect of the pre-processing parameters on the deformation of aluminium alloys in a semi-liquid state a special experimental stand has been designed and built as described in [4]. The present work is mainly concerned with the effect of the die shape and the reduction ratio on the deformation pattern during extrusion of semi-liquid aluminium alloys. The other basic parameters have been discussed in [4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10]. 6. References [1] M.C. Flemings, R. Mehrabian: Casting semi-solid metals. AFS Trans., vol. 81 (1973) 81. [2] K. Suganuma, T. Okamoto, N. Suzuki: Semisolid extrusion of aluminium alloys reinforced with alumina short-fibre cladding, Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 6, No. 11 (1987) [3] J.F. Seconde, M. Suery: Effect of solidification condition on deformation behavior of semi-solid Sn-Pb alloys, J. Material Science, vol. 19 (1994) [4] M.C. Flemings: Semi-solid forming: The process and the path forward, Metallurgical Science and Technology, vol. 18, No. 2 (2000) 3-4. [5] T.G. Nguyen, D. Favier, M. Suery: Theoretical and experimental study of the isothermal mechanical behavior of alloys in semi-solid state. Int. J. Plasticity, vol. 10, (1994), p.663. [6] L. Xie, J. Xu, B. Yang, Z. Zhang, L. Shi: Thixoforming and industrial applications of the semi-solid alloy Al-6Si-2Mg, Solid State Phenomena, vols (2006) [7] M. Shiomi, D. Takano, K. Osakada and M. Otsu: Forming of aluminium alloy at temperatures just below melting point, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 43, Issue 3 (2003) [8] L. Zu: Study on the powder mixing and semi-solid extrusion forming process of SiCp/2024Al composites, Journal of ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007,
6 Materials Processing Technology, vol. 114, Issue 3, (2004) [9] Q. Le-Hua, S. Zhong-Ke, L. He-Jun, C. Pei-Ling, H. Hong- Mei: Simulation of liquid infiltration and semi-solid extrusion for composite tubes by quasi-coupling thermalmechanical finite element method, Journal of materials, vol. 38, No. 17 (2003) [10] T. Basner, R. Pehlke, A. Sachdev: Thin wall Back Extrusion Of Partially Remelted Semi-Solid Sn-Pb, Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy And Materials Science, vol. 31 Issue: 1 (2000) 57. [11] K. Sołek, Z. Mitura: Physical and numerical simulation of thixoforming processes, Archives of Foundry, vol. 2, No. 4 (2002) (in Polish). [12] A. Białobrzeski, K. Sołek, Z. Mitura: Attempt of numerical simulation of thixoforming cast, Archives of Foundry, vol. 2, No. 4 (2002) (in Polish). [13] J. Piwnik, A. Patejuk: Energetistic criterion of longitudinal welding in hot extrusion of aluminium alloys, Archives of Foundry, vol. 6, No. 18 (2006) (in Polish). [14] J. Piwnik, A. Patejuk: Criterion of transversal welding in hot extrusion of aluminium alloys, Archives of Foundry, vol.6, No. 18 (2006) (in Polish). [15] J. Piwnik, A. Patejuk: Die-channel Optimization for Thixoforming Tools, Archives of Foundry, vol. 6, No. 21 (2006) (in Polish). 36 ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Volume 7, Issue 2/2007, 31-36
DEVELOPMENT OF TWIN-SCREW RHEO-EXTRUSION PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT OF TWIN-SCREW RHEO-EXTRUSION PROCESS K. A. Roberts and Z Fan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK Summary Conventional hot extrusion reductions
More informationChapter 14: Metal-Forging Processes and Equipments
Manufacturing Engineering Technology in SI Units, 6 th Edition Chapter 14: Metal-Forging Processes and Equipments Chapter Outline Introduction Open-die Forging Impression-die and Closed-die Forging Various
More informationSquared Multi-hole Extrusion Process: Experimentation & Optimization
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 4, Issue 8 (August 2015), PP.32-37 Squared Multi-hole Extrusion Process: Experimentation
More informationCOMPARISON OF BOTTLE WALL THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION OBTAIN IN REAL MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS AND IN ANSYS POLYFLOW SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
COMPARISON OF BOTTLE WALL THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION OBTAIN IN REAL MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS AND IN ANSYS POLYFLOW SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT Karol Pepliński, Arkadiusz Mozer Bydgoszcz University of Technology
More informationA wide range of cold-formable steel grades and aluminium alloys are used as wire materials within a diameter range from 5 mm to 34 mm.
Cold-Formed Parts 2 ESKA manufactures complex precision cold-formed parts for applications with large and medium quantities. The highly-efficient cold- forming process ensures economic manufacture of near-net-shape
More informationIntroduction. 1. Outline of fan case ring
A near-net-shape (NNS) ring-rolling process was developed to reduce the forging weight of a rolled, fan case front, ring made of Ti-6Al-4V. This was achieved by optimizing the ring-rolling process in which
More informationMicrostructure Study of Diffusion Bonding of Centrifuged Structural Steel-Bronze
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0034 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 99 104 Microstructure
More informationAMETAL AMETAL AMETAL APPLICATIONS GENERAL
AMETAL - TA S DEZINCIFICATION RESISTANT COPPER ALLOY AMETAL is a patented special copper alloy, combining excellent corrosion resistance with high mechanical strength. 1 AMETAL TA s dezincification-resistant
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Additively Manufactured Products
Finite Element Analysis of Additively Manufactured Products Megan Lobdell, Brian Croop and Hubert Lobo DatapointLabs, Ithaca, NY, USA Summary With the growing interest in 3D printing, there is a desire
More informationPredicting the Rheological Behavior of AISI D2 Semi- Solid Steel by Plastic Instability Approach
American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, 41-45 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/materials/1/3/3 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/materials-1-3-3
More informationCasting. Forming. Sheet metal processing. Powder- and Ceramics Processing. Plastics processing. Cutting. Joining.
Traditional Manufacturing Processes Casting Forming Sheet metal processing Powder- and Ceramics Processing Plastics processing Cutting Joining Surface treatment FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FORMING Overview of
More informationSTUDY OF PISTON SLEEVE MANUFACTURED BY SAND CASTING PROCESS TO REDUCE REJECTION RATE USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN 2249-6890 Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 161-168 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. STUDY OF PISTON SLEEVE MANUFACTURED BY
More informationCOMPUTER SIMULATION BASED DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF DIE FORGING OPERATIONS
COMPUTER SIMULATION BASED DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF DIE FORGING OPERATIONS Dr.S.Shamasundar ProSIM, 21/B. 9 th main Shankara Nagara, Mahalakshmipuram Bangalore-560096 Email: shama@pro-sim.com Web: www.pro-sim.com
More informationModule 3 Selection of Manufacturing Processes. IIT Bombay
Module 3 Selection of Manufacturing Processes Lecture 3 Design for Bulk Deformation Processes Instructional objectives By the end of this lecture, the students are expected to learn the working principle
More informationEXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF RBD PALM OLEIN AS LUBRICANT IN COLD METAL FORMING
Jurnal Mekanikal December 2010, No. 31, 1-10 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF RBD PALM OLEIN AS LUBRICANT IN COLD METAL FORMING S. Syahrullail *1, S. Kamitani 2 and K. Nakanishi 2 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationFSW Welding of Aluminium Casting Alloys
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0038 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 119 124 FSW
More informationMaterial flow analysis for hot-forming of 20MnCr5 gear wheel blanks
IDE 2008, Bremen, Germany, September 17 th 19 th, 2008 77 Material flow analysis for hot-forming of 20MnCr5 gear wheel blanks Rüdiger Rentsch Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Badgasteinerstr.
More informationStrain Capacities Limits of Wrought Magnesium Alloys: Tension vs. Expansion
Materials Sciences and Applications, 213, 4, 768-772 Published Online December 213 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/msa) http://dx.doi.org/1.4236/msa.213.41297 Strain Capacities Limits of Wrought Magnesium
More informationSimulation of Stress Distribution in a Thick- Walled Bushing Produced by Die-Casting
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0143 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 17 Issue 4/2017 127 132 Simulation
More informationChapter 15 Extrusion and Drawing of Metals
Introduction Chapter 15 Extrusion and Drawing of Metals Alexandra Schönning, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of North Florida Figures by Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Kalpakijan and
More informationArch. Metall. Mater., Vol. 61 (2016), No 1, p
Arch. Metall. Mater., Vol. 61 (2016), No 1, p. 183 188 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2016-0032 P. Sygut*,#, D. Klimecka Tatar*, S. Borkowski* THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF LONGITUDINAL STRESS CHANGES ON
More informationMetal extrusion. Metal stamping
Metal extrusion Answer the following questions 1. In which of the following extrusion operation is friction a factor in determining the extrusion force (one best answer): (a) direct extrusion or (b) indirect
More informationMulti-layers castings
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Issue 1/2010 181 186 31/1
More informationThe Effect of La Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Hot-Extruded Al 15%Mg 2 Si Composite
The Effect of La Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Hot-Extruded Al 15%Mg 2 Si Composite Paper Presenter: S.H. Allameh 1 A. Akhlaghi 2, M. Noghani 3, M. Emamy 4. 1,4- School of Metallurgy
More informationPrimary shaping - Powder Metallurgy
Chair of Manufacturing Technology Primary shaping - Powder Metallurgy Manufacturing Technology II Exercise 2 Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering Chair of Manufacturing Technology Prof.
More informationEffect of Sheet Thickness and Type of Alloys on the Springback Phenomenon for Cylindrical Die
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 01, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir ISSN: 153-69X, doi:10.551/ajsir.01.3.6.80.86 Effect of Sheet Thickness and Type of Alloys on the Springback
More informationExtrusion of complex shapes
Extrusion of complex shapes 1 Hot extrusion Hot extrusion is the process of forcing a heated billet to flow through a shaped die opening It is used to produce long, strait metal products of constant cross
More informationPhases created during diffusion bonding of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips
of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering VOLUME 19 ISSUE 1 November 26 Phases created during diffusion bonding of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips J. Gronostajski, W. Chmura, Z. Gronostajski*
More informationMicrostructural evolution of Al Zn Mg Cu (Sc) alloy during hot extrusion and heat treatments
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155 156 (2004) 1330 1336 Microstructural evolution of Al Zn Mg Cu (Sc) alloy during hot extrusion and heat treatments Dong-Woo Suh a,, Sang-Yong Lee a, Kyong-Hwan
More informationAnalysis of the energy absorption of aluminium tubes for crash boxes
Analysis of the energy absorption of aluminium tubes for crash boxes 2nd Workshop on Structural Analysis of Lightweight Structures Natters, May 30-2012 F.O. Riemelmoser (FH Kärnten) M. Kotnik (SZ Oprema
More informationA STUDY OF FINE BLANKING PROCESS BY FEM SIMULATION. G. Fang, P. Zeng
Key Engineering Materials Vols. 261-263 (2004) pp 603-608 Online available since 2004/Apr/15 at www.scientific.net (2004) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.603
More informationEFFECT OF EXTRUSION PARAMETERS AND DIE GEOMETRY ON THE PRODUCED BILLET QUALITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PARAMETERS AND DIE GEOMETRY ON THE PRODUCED BILLET QUALITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD A.Ε. Lontos 1, F.A. Soukatzidis 2, D.A. Demosthenous 1, A.K. Baldoukas 2 1. Mechanical Engineering
More information9. Welding Defects 109
9. Welding Defects 9. Welding Defects 109 Figures 9.1 to 9.4 give a rough survey about the classification of welding defects to DIN 8524. This standard does not classify existing welding defects according
More informationMetal Forming Process. Prof.A.Chandrashekhar
Metal Forming Process Prof.A.Chandrashekhar Introduction Shaping of a component by the application of external forces is known as the metal forming. Metal forming can be described as a process in which
More informationHot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process
EPJ Web of Conferences 6, 07001 (2010) DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20100607001 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2010 Hot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process A. Niel,a, F. Deschaux-beaume,
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
The analysis of forming process for bimetal materials Stefan Kapinski Institute ofmachine Design Fundamentals Narbutta 84, 02-524 Warszawa, Poland EMail kapinska@sggw.waw.pl Abstract The paper presents
More informationUsak University Journal of Material Sciences Journal homepage:
Usak University Journal of Material Sciences Journal homepage: http://uujms.usak.edu.tr Research article Analysis of tube end forming process using Taguchi design of experiments L. Venugopal, M.J. Davidson*,
More informationERC/NSM Activities. Research for Industry and Government
/ Activities Research for Industry and Government Stamping Hydroforming Machining Forging / Activities in Tube Hydroforming 1. Materials Determination of material flow stress data for tubular materials
More informationPTFE BELLOWS POLY FLUORO LTD. POLY FLUORO LTD.260A. Bommasandra Industrial Area, Hosur Road, Bangalore TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PTFE BELLOWS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 1. MATERIALS 1.1 PTFE Only virgin (not reprocessed) PTFE conforming to ASTM D 1457, type III, IV or V shall be used for the production of bellows; the PTFE raw material
More informationStudy of Roll Forming Bending in Different Temperature
International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 2016; 5(3): 129-135 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijmsa doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160503.13 ISSN: 2327-2635 (Print); ISSN: 2327-2643
More informationVehicle crash test against a lighting pole: experimental analysis and numerical simulation
Safety and Security Engineering II 347 Vehicle crash test against a lighting pole: experimental analysis and numerical simulation G. Janszen Aerospace Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
More informationMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY UNIT II Hot & Cold Working - Drawing & Extrusion Drawing Drawing is an operation in which the cross-section of solid rod, wire or tubing is reduced or changed in shape by pulling
More informationPROPERTIES OF CAST MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
PROPERTIES OF CAST MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES K.U. Kainer, F. Moll Institut für Werkstoffkunde und Werkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Clausthal, Agricolastrasse 6, D-38678
More informationAn Extrusion Die with Twin Cavities for Semi-hollow Al-Profiles
An Extrusion Die with Twin Cavities for Semi-hollow Al-Profiles Xuemei Huang 1,a, Rurong Deng 2,b * 1,2 Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510550, China a Email: 41784402@qq.com,
More informationEFFECT OF CONVEX DIE ANGLE OF PORTHOLE DIE ON PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND EXTRUSION PROCESS IN TUBE EXTRUSION
EFFECT OF CONVEX DIE ANGLE OF PORTHOLE DIE ON PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND EXTRUSION PROCESS IN TUBE EXTRUSION Rajamamundi Prabhu 1 and V.S. K. Venkatachalapathy 2 1 Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa
More informationV 1 m/min. V max (press) V 1 max. Temperature C. Arch. Metall. Mater., Vol. 61 (2016), No 1, p Introduction
Arch. Metall. Mater., Vol. 61 (2016), No 1, p. 85 92 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2016-0010 D. Leśniak*,#, M. Dziki*, J. Zasadziński*, W. Libura* Influence of Mg content on deformability of AlMg alloys during extrusion
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COOLING RATE FOR CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Kirti Kanaujiya, Yugesh Mani Tiwari Department of Mechanical Engineering
ISSN 2320-9135 1 International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2015, Online: ISSN 2320-9135 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COOLING RATE FOR CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Kirti
More informationReduced Ductility due to Local Variation in Material Properties for 3D-printed Components
Reduced Ductility due to Local Variation in Material Properties for 3D-printed Components T. Tryland SINTEF Raufoss Manufacturing, Raufoss, Norway 1 Background It is often useful to have a physical model
More informationC O N F I D E N T I A L
C O N F I D E N T I A L 1 Please Print or Type Company Name Main Office Address of Company THE ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION, INC. MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION City State Zip/Province Code Country Phone Number Fax Number
More informationA Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium LM25- Si c Composites Fabricated Using Stir Casting Technique
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium LM25- Si c Composites Fabricated Using Stir Casting Technique.Satyanarayen 1, Dominic Roystan 2, M.Shreesaravanan 3 Balaguru 4, C.Devanathan 5 1,2,3,4 UG Students,
More informationThe Effect of a Thin-Wall Casting Mould Cavity Filling Conditions on the Casting Surface Quality
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0113 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16
More informationLaser Additive Manufacturing as a Key Enabler for the Manufacture of Next Generation Jet Engine Components - Technology Push
Laser Additive Manufacturing as a Key Enabler for the Manufacture of Next Generation Jet Engine Components - Technology Push EU Project Merlin New Challenges and Perspectives for LAM Processes Carl Hauser,
More information3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials 3.1 Stress-Strain Relationships 3.2 Hardness 3.3 Effect of Temperature on Properties 3.4 Fluid Properties 3.5 Viscoelastic Properties Importance of Mechanical Properties
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B, 1319-1323 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0201 C.K. LEE*, Y.C. KIM** # A STUDY ON CHANGES IN THICKNESS OF STS304 MATERIAL IN THE PROGRESSIVE DRAWING PROCESS In the drawing process,
More informationLD21 NEW MATERIALS FOR LARGE-CALIBER ROTATING BANDS FOR HIGH CHARGES. M. Schupfer1, K. Steinhoff2, R. Röthlisberger1 1.
LD21 19th International Symposium of Ballistics, 7 11 May 2001, Interlaken, Switzerland NEW MATERIALS FOR LARGE-CALIBER ROTATING BANDS FOR HIGH CHARGES M. Schupfer1, K. Steinhoff2, R. Röthlisberger1 1
More informationAn Assessment of Appropriateness of the Choice of Parameters for Refractory Stampings Fabrication Process
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 55 60 10/2 An
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF CASTING PARAMETERS ON Al/RHA COMPOSITE USING TAGUCHI METHOD
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2014-07-16 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 984-985, pp 291-296 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.291 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland OPTIMIZATION OF CASTING
More informationQUANTITATIVE MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION STRENGTHENED Al-Al 4 C 3 MATERIAL BY EBSD TECHNIQUE
Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, Vol. 16, 2010, No.2, p. 97-101 97 QUANTITATIVE MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION STRENGTHENED Al-Al 4 C 3 MATERIAL BY EBSD TECHNIQUE M. Varchola, M. Besterci, K. Sülleiová
More informationComputer-Aided Design of Steel Casting Taking into Account the Feeding Ability
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0002 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16 Issue 1/2016 49 54 Computer-Aided
More information1. 3 Extrusion molding
1. 3 Extrusion molding 9 Extrusion is a widely used technique, both in the field of traditional and technical ceramics. This method allows the continuous manufacture of products with a constant cross-
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(9): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(9):549-554 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Finite element simulation on rolling-extrusion forming
More informationISOTHERMAL FORGING OF P/M FeAl ALLOYS. T. ŚLEBOD, S. BEDNAREK, A. Łukaszek-SOLEK
ISOTHERMAL FORGING OF P/M FeAl ALLOYS T. ŚLEBOD, S. BEDNAREK, A. Łukaszek-SOLEK AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza
More informationOptimization of Riser size of Aluminium alloy (LM6) castings by using conventional method and computer simulation technique
International Journal Of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 2, Issue 11, November-2011 1 Optimization of Riser size of Aluminium alloy (LM6) castings by using conventional method and computer simulation
More informationSteel Making. Modern Long Product Manufacturing. Process Flow Chart
Rolling Process Metallurgical Aspects Material Specifications and Chemistries Standard Mill Practices Miscellaneous Tables & Data Elastic Section Modulus Plastic Section Modulus Moment of Inertia SI Conversion
More informationMODELING OF LASER BASED DIRECT METAL DEPOSITION PROCESS
MODELING OF LASER BASED DIRECT METAL DEPOSITION PROCESS Jayanth N PG Student PSG College of Technology jayanthnagaraj@gmail.com Ravi K R Associate Professor PSG College of Technology Krravi.psgias@gmail.com
More informationTable of Contents. Robert A. Malloy. Plastic Part Design for Injection Molding. An Introduction ISBN:
Table of Contents Robert A. Malloy Plastic Part Design for Injection Molding An Introduction ISBN: 978-3-446-40468-7 For further information and order see http://www.hanser.de/978-3-446-40468-7 or contact
More informationProcess Design Optimization through Numerical Experimentation for a Brake Disc Casting
Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 6 (2008) pp. 1372 to 1379 #2008 The Japan Institute of Metals Process Design Optimization through Numerical Experimentation for a Brake Disc Casting Chun-Ping Yeh 1;
More informationLaser Cutting of MMC Castings Preliminary Selection of Process Parameters
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 13 Special Issue 1/2013 125 130
More informationHypereutectic aluminium alloy tubes with graded distribution of Mg Si particles prepared by centrifugal casting
Ž. Materials and Design 1 000 149 153 Hypereutectic aluminium alloy tubes with graded distribution of Mg Si particles prepared by centrifugal casting Jian Zhang a,b,, Zhongyun Fan a, Yuqing Wang b, Benlian
More informationWater mist effect on cooling process of casting die and microstructure of AlSi9 alloy
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-331) Volume 1 Issue 2/21 185 194 33/2 Water
More informationREAL-TIME RADIOGRAPHY AND MODELING OF POROSITY FORMATION IN AN A356 ALUMINUM ALLOY WEDGE CASTING
Shape Casting: 6th International Symposium Edited by: Murat Tiryakioǧlu, Mark Jolly, and Glenn Byczynski TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2016 REAL-TIME RADIOGRAPHY AND MODELING OF POROSITY
More informationThe use of magnesium has grown dramatically in the. Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 CHINA FOUNDRY
CHINA FOUNDRY Vol.9 No.2 Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 *Xuezhi Zhang, Meng Wang, Zhizhong Sun, and Henry Hu (Department of Mechanical, Automotive and
More informationPowder-Metal Processing and Equipment
Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment Text Reference: Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Kalpakjian & Schmid, 6/e, 2010 Chapter 17 Powder Metallurgy Metal powders are compacted into desired and
More informationManufacturing Technology II. Exercise 2. Powder Metallurgy
Lehrstuhl für Technologie der Fertigungsverfahren Laboratorium für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebslehre Manufacturing Technology II Exercise 2 Powder Metallurgy Werkzeugmaschinenlabor Lehrstuhl für Technologie
More informationTypes of Strain. Engineering Strain: e = l l o. Shear Strain: γ = a b
Types of Strain l a g Engineering Strain: l o l o l b e = l l o l o (a) (b) (c) Shear Strain: FIGURE 2.1 Types of strain. (a) Tensile. (b) Compressive. (c) Shear. All deformation processes in manufacturing
More informationApplication of Separated Die Design To Production of Ecap Dies. Huseyin Erol Akata
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 445 (2012) pp 120-124 (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.120 Application of Separated Die Design To Production of Ecap Dies
More informationCost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material
Manuscript refereed by Mr Dov Chaiat (Tungsten Powder Technology, Israel) Cost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material D. Handtrack, B. Tabernig, H. Kestler, L.S. Sigl PLANSEE
More informationProcessing of Metal Powders
Chapter 17 Processing of Metal Powders QUALITATIVE PROBLEMS 17.15 Why is there density variation in the compacting of powders? How is it reduced? The main reason for density variation in compacting of
More informationA Review of Suitability for PWHT Exemption Requirements in the Aspect of Residual Stresses and Microstructures
Transactions, SMiRT-23 Division IX, Paper ID 612 (inc. assigned division number from I to X) A Review of Suitability for PWHT Exemption Requirements in the Aspect of Residual Stresses and Microstructures
More informationPowder Metallurgy. Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment 11/10/2009
Powder Metallurgy Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment Metal powders are compacted into desired and often complex shapes and sintered* to form a solid piece * Sinter: To heat without melting Text Reference:
More informationRheo-squeeze casting of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry
Rheo-squeeze casting of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry MAO Wei-min( 毛卫民 ), ZHENG Qiu( 郑秋 ), ZHU Da-ping( 朱达平 ) School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing,
More informationFatigue life estimation of Aluminium Alloy reinforced with SiC particulates in annealed conditions
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS Abstract Fatigue life estimation of Aluminium Alloy reinforced with SiC particulates in annealed conditions D. P. Myriounis, S.T.Hasan Sheffield Hallam
More informationCOMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CAST PISTON POROSITY
Tome V (year 2007), Fascicole 2, (ISSN 1584 2665) COMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CAST PISTON POROSITY D. KAKAS, L. KOVACEVIC, P. TEREK UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD, FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES,
More informationPROPERTIES OF EN AW-2024 WROUGHT ALUMINUM ALLOY AFTER CASTING WITH CRYSTALLIZATION UNDER PRESSURE
PROPERTIES OF EN AW-2024 WROUGHT ALUMINUM ALLOY AFTER CASTING WITH CRYSTALLIZATION UNDER PRESSURE Branislav Vanko 1, Ladislav Stanček 1, Michal Čeretka 1, Eduard Sedláček 1, Roman Moravčík 2 1 Institute
More informationCEM - Science and Engineering of Materials
Coordinating unit: 205 - ESEIAAT - Terrassa School of Industrial, Aerospace and Audiovisual Engineering Teaching unit: 712 - EM - Department of Mechanical Engineering Academic year: Degree: 2017 BACHELOR'S
More informationSimulation of Hot Extrusion of an Aluminum Alloy with Modeling of Microstructure
Simulation of Hot Extrusion of an Aluminum Alloy with Modeling of Microstructure A. Ockewitz, a, D.-Z. Sun,b, F. Andrieux,c and S. Mueller 2,d Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Woehlerstrasse,
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 7, July ISSN
International Journal Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 7, July-01 1 EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM ENHANCEMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTY AND WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF LM6 ALUMINUM ALLOY R. S. Rana and Rajesh
More informationTHE RTM-LIGHT MANUFACTURING PROCESS: EXPERIMENTATION AND MODELLING
THE RTM-LIGHT MANUFACTURING PROCESS: EXPERIMENTATION AND MODELLING O. Maclaren 1, J.M. Gan 2, C.M.D. Hickey 2, S. Bickerton 2, P.A. Kelly 1 1 Department of Engineering Science, 2 Centre for Advanced Composite
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Toughness of Unalloyed Ausferritic Ductile Iron
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0030 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 79 84 Effect
More informationThe Effect of Crystallographic Texture on the Wrap Bendability in AA5754-O Temper Sheet Alloy
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 607-612 607 The Effect of Crystallographic Texture
More informationMeasurement of Friction in Cold Upsetting with Mist Lubrication*
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 9 (24) pp. 2891 to 2896 #24 The Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity Measurement of Friction in Cold Upsetting with Mist Lubrication* Ryo Matsumoto and Kozo Osakada
More informationFRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU SIMULATION IN FORMING TECHNOLOGY
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU SIMULATION IN FORMING TECHNOLOGY 1 SIMULATION IN SHEET METAL FORMING Simulation is an essential part of the development chain, especially
More informationScienceDirect. Deep drawing of cylindrical cup using incremental electromagnetic assisted stamping with radial magnetic pressure
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 81 (2014 ) 813 818 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2014, 19-24 October 2014, Nagoya Congress
More informationMETAL FORMING AND THE FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD SHIRO KOBAYASHI SOO-IK OH TAYLAN ALTAN
METAL FORMING AND THE FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD SHIRO KOBAYASHI SOO-IK OH TAYLAN ALTAN New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1989 CONTENTS Symbols, xiii 1. Introduction, 1 1.1 Process Modeling, 1 1.2 The
More informationScienceDirect. Springback of extruded 2196-T8511 and 2099-T83 Al-Li alloys in stretch bending
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 81 (2014 ) 981 986 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2014, 19-24 October 2014, Nagoya Congress
More information- HSS-Blade (EOS art.-no ) - 90 µm mesh for powder sieving recommended (EOS art.-no ) - Argon atmosphere
EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg is a aluminium metal alloy powder intended for processing on EOS DMLS systems. This document provides information and data for parts built using EOS Aluminium
More informationDetermination of Unit Pressure Force in Material Volume in the Course of Refractory Stamping Press Moulding
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 61 68 11/2 Determination
More informationNew Cu-based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Strength of 2000 MPa
Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 449-452, pp 945-948 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.945 2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland New Cu-based Bulk Metallic
More information