Laser Surface processing -The features and the applications -

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1 Laser Surface processing -The features and the applications - 1)Introduction 2) Heating process 3) Melting process 4) Laser vaporizing process 5) Laser CVD & PVD 6)laser marking and engraving By Munehary KUTSUNA Nagoya university Kutsuna@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp

2 1.Introduction Type of lasers for surface processing High power(45kw) Hig CO2 laser 10kW Nd:YAG laser with lump High power(6kw) diode laser 10kW LD pumped solid state lasers 4kW Disk laser 10kW Fiber laser

3 Beam Quality of laser beam

4

5 Types of Laser Surface processings Laser transformation hardening Laser bending/forming Laser solution treatment Laser alloying Laser cladding Laser surface remelting Laser CVD/PVD

6 2.Laser transformation hardening

7 Laser hardening of shaft

8 Since 1988 by Nissan

9 Laser hardening of crank shaft for car

10 Microstructure of harden zone

11 Hardness distribution ardness Distance from surface

12 Max.hardness of laser hardening zone

13 Laser hardening of clutch dram

14

15 3, Laser bending/forming

16 Laser forming of steel pipe Nagoya Univ.

17 Experimental Setup of laser bending

18 Bending angle

19 Why the plate is bended by laser?

20 Materials properties Is important factor.

21

22 Prediction of bending angle

23 4.Laser solution treatment

24 5.Laser alloying;carbonizing

25 Beam rotating device for Surface processing

26

27 Carbon distribution

28

29 Wear test of laser carbonized zone

30

31 Application of laser alloying for aluminum engine for motorcycle

32 6.Laser cladding

33 Laser cladding of engine valve seat

34 Laser cladding of copper alloy powder

35 Laser cladding of roll embosser

36 3D Laser cladding using a robot for rapid prototyping and repairing We had an experiment of laser cladding

37 Optical fiber Powder feeder YAG laser system Powder delivery nozzle Powder delivery nozzle 6-axis robot For x-y-z positioning of focusing lens and powder delivery nozzle Shielding gas cylinder

38 Laser Two beam circular cones of copper Focus lens Center shielding gas were coaxially assembled. Outer shielding gas Powder flow Clad layer Base metal Fig. Photograph of laser cladding system

39 Table. Chemical composition of filler metal, SUS304 stainless steel Chemical composition, mass% C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Fe bal. Table. Chemical composition of base metal, SM400B Chemical composition, mass% C Si Mn P S Fe bal.

40 Laser power Spot diameter Defocusing distance Center shielding gas Outer shielding gas Travel speed Powder Flow Rate 100 W(1ms, 90pps) 1.6 mm +1mm Ar : 10 ltr/min Ar : 10 ltr/min mm/sec and 12.8 g/min with Ar gas

41

42

43 A B C

44

45

46 Thickness of clad layer, mm Optimum region Dilution, % Travel speed, mm/sec

47 Average: 220 Hv ~ 240 Hv

48 Colmonoy No.5 FP160) Table. Chemical composition of filler metals Chemical composition, mass% C Si Fe Cr B W Co Ni Colmonoy No bal. FP bal.

49 Laser power Spot diameter Defocusing distance Center shielding gas Outer shielding gas Travel speed Powder Flow Rate 100 W(1ms, 90pps) 1.6 mm +1mm Ar : 10 ltr/min Ar : 10 ltr/min mm/sec 8.42, g/min; Colmonoy No , 9.39 g/min; FP160

50

51

52 (a) Colmonoy No.5 (b) FP160

53 (a) Travel speed = 1.8 mm/sec (b) Travel speed = 4.5 mm/sec

54 (a) Travel speed = 2.25 mm/sec (b) Travel speed = 3.0 mm/sec

55 (a) Colmonoy No.5 (b) FP160

56 Multi pass cladding for rapid prototyping Laser beam powder x Scanning direction Layer by layer Scanning pattern

57 Schematic drawing Photograph of multi layer cladding

58 7.Laser surface remelting

59 Dull treatment by laser

60 Dull treatment for cladding of roll

61 8.Laser CVD/PVD

62 Laser CVD for circuit

63 Laser PVD for tools

64 attention

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