modeling of grain growth and coarsening in multi-component alloys
|
|
- Eugenia Riley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Quantitative phase-field modeling of grain growth and coarsening in multi-component alloys N. Moelans (1), L. Vanherpe (2), A. Serbruyns (1) (1), B. B. Rodiers (3) (1) Department of metallurgy and materials engineering and (2) Department of computer science, K.U.Leuven, Belgium, (3) LMS International, Leuven, Belgium
2 Acknowledgements NM is financially supported by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) Simulations on Pb-free soldering are partly supported by OT/07/040 (Quantitative phase field modelling of coarsening in lead-free solder joints) performed within COST MP0602 (Advanced Solder Materials for High Temperature Application) Simulations were performed on the HP-computing infrastructure of the K.U.Leuven More information on http//nele.studentenweb.org 2
3 Outline Introduction and goals Phase field approach Simulation results Grain growth in fiber textured materials Diffusion controlled growth and coarsening in Pb-free solder joints Conclusions 3
4 Introduction Grain growth Basics: driven by grain boundary energy Normal grain growth Parabolic growth law With n = 0.5 R = kt n Grain size distribution scales in time Non-ideal systems: anisotropy, segregation, solute drag, second- phase precipitates, Atomic structure, energies, mobilities of grain boundaries? Evolution connected grain structure? Mesoscale simulations 4
5 Introduction Ostwald ripening: Driven by surface tension Statistical theories (random distribution, spherical, ) Growth: Driven by difference in bulk energy Analytical models (usually 1D) Real materials: : non-random spatial distribution, pipe diffusion, anisotropy, Interfacial,, grain boundary energies, mobilities? Phase stabilities,, diffusion mobilities? Evolution morphology? Interaction different processes? 5
6 Introduction and goals Experiments, atomistic simulations and thermodynamic models Crystal structure, phase stabilities, interfacial properties (energy, mobility, anisotropy), diffusion properties, Phase-field simulations Microstructure evolution at the mesoscale Quantitative characterization Average grain size, grain size distribution, volume fractions, texture, Basis for statistical and mean field theories 6
7 Phase field formulation Thin interface models Grain growth in anisotropic systems Extension to multi-component systems
8 Sharp Interface Sharp Diffuse Thin interface models Diffuse interface Thin interface Discontinuity (Semi) 1-D 1 problems Problem specific Complex morphologies Segregation, solute drag, trapping, lattice mismatch, However, l phys (<1nm) <<< R grain (μm-mm) mm) Mostly qualitative 8 l num independent l phys << l num << R grain Karma and Rappel (1996), Tiaden et al. (1996), Kim and Kim (1999), Karma (2001), Kazaryan et al. (2000)
9 Grain growth model Based on Fan and Chen (1997) and Kazaryan et al. (2000) Phase field variables η, η,..., η ( rt, ),..., η 1 2 with for orientation i ( η, η,..., η,..., η ) = (0,0,...,1,...,0) 1 2 i i p p Ginzburg-Landau equation ηi ( rt, ) = L( η) m ηi ηi + 2 ηi γ( η) ηj κ( η) ηi t j i 9
10 Misorientation dependence γ ( η), κ( η), L( η) Parameters are formulated as p p p p κi, j i j ηi j i= 1 j< i i= 1 j< i κ( η) η η η = η = 1 i η = 1 j For each grain boundary ηη 2 2 i j 0 Individual parameters Grain i Grain j η = 0 η = 0 j i γ ( η) = γ, κ( η) = κ, L( η) = i, j i, j i, j Misorientation L θi, j( ηi, ηj) 10
11 Calculation grain boundary properties Grain boundary energy γ = g( γ ) mκ gb, θ i, j i, j i, j g(γ i,j ) calculated numerically Grain boundary mobility μ = L κ i, j gb, θi, j i, j 2 mg ( ( γ i, j)) Grain boundary width l = 4 κi, j 3 mg ( ( γ )) i, j 2 11
12 Grain boundary width Measure of largest gradient of the phase field profiles 1 1 l = = dηi dηj max dx dx Ct width high controllability of numerical accuracy max Inclination dependence (Moelans et al., PRL 2008; PRB 2008) 12
13 Numerical validation Shrinking grain: daα dt = 2πμ σ αβ αβ Triple junction angles: σ = σ, μ = μ αγ βγ αγ βγ daα dt Observations Accuracy controlled by l num /Δx Diffuse interface effects for l num /R>5 Angles outside [ ] require larger l num /Δx for same accuracy = μ σ αγ αβ 13
14 Extension to multi-component alloys Phase field variables: Grains ηα1, ηα2,..., ηαi ( rt, ),..., η, η,... η β1 β2 xa, xb( r, t),..., xc Composition p 1 Phase fractions: φ with φ, φ,..., φ η α β ρ ν αi αi α = ν ν ηαi + ηρi αi ρ α ρi ν = 2,4,... 2 phase polycrystalline structure 14
15 Free energy Free energy: F = F + F bulk interf Bulk and interfacial contribution independent Interfacial energy: Taken from grain growth model Bulk energy: F = f ( η, η ) dv interf interf i i V F = f ( x, η ) dv bulk bulk k i V Interpolates between free energies of the different phases following a thin interphase approach (Tiaden et al. (1996), Kim and Kim (1999)) ρ ρ ρ ρ Gm( xk ) fbulk ( xk, ηρi ) = φρ f ( xk ) = φρ V ρ 15 ρ m
16 Thin interface approach Interface consists of 2 phases Phase fractions φ, φ α β α β x x β -- x Phase composition fields x x, x,..., x α β ρ k k k k Chemical potential μ = μ =... = μ α β ρ k k k x α Steinbach, Physica D, 127 (2006) Real composition x k = φ ρ x ρ ρ k 16
17 Thin interface approach F bulk does not contribute to interfacial energy l num, F bulk, F Int are independent 17 Kim et al., PRE, 6 (1999) p 7186
18 Kinetics Solute diffusion: ρ 1 xk ρ φρ Mk f = φρ( M k μk) = V t V x m ρ ρ m k ρ with M ρ k D = 2 G x ρ k ρ m 2 k Interfaces: ηiρ δf( ηiρ, xk) = L t δη iρ Between phases α and β ν 1 ν νη i αi η j L g ( ) ( ) ηα β α β α β = int( η, η) + f f ( c c ) μ 2 t ν ν ηα η + β 18
19 Simulation results Grain growth in fiber textured materials Diffusion controlled growth and coarsening in Pb free solder joints
20 Columnar films with fiber texture Grain boundary energy: Fourfold symmetry Extra cusp at θ = 37.5 Read-shockley <0 0 1> Discrete orientations η, η,..., η ( rt, ),..., η Δ θ = i 60 Constant mobility Initially random grain orientation and grain boundary type distributions In collaboration with F. Spaepen, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University 20 2D simulation White: θ = 1.5 Gray: θ = 3 Red: q = 37,5 Black: θ > 3, θ 37.5
21 Misorientation distribution Evolves towards stead-state state misorientation distribution In agreement with previous findings (D. Kinderlehrer,J. Gruber) Read-Shockley + cusp at θ =
22 Growth kinetics Grain growth exponent PFM: n=0.81 n < 1 in agreement with previous findings (n = 0.6 1) Steady-state growth? A A = kt 0 n High-angle boundaries behave normal Read-Shockley + cusp at θ =
23 3D simulations Wire with fiber texture Evolution of set of grains with similar orientation ϑ < 6 Evolution of volume fraction of grains with specific orientation 23
24 Simulation results Grain growth in fiber textured materials Diffusion controlled growth and coarsening in Pb free solder joints
25 Coarsening in Sn(-Ag)-Cu solder joints COST MP-0602 (Advanced( Solder Materials for High Temperature Application) WG3: Study of interfacial reactions Modeling IMC formation and growth Precipitate growth Void formation Internal stresses Grain boundary diffusion SEM-image of Sn 3.8Ag 0.7 Cu alloy after annealing for 200h at 150 C (Peng 2007) 25
26 Cu-Sn phase diagram 26
27 Parabolic free energies Cu-Sn solder joint: bulk free energy ρ A f = xk xk,0 + C 2 ρ k ( ) energies: 2 ρ 27
28 First simulations for Sn-2at%Cu Interdiffusion coefficients: D D D = 10 ( Cu) Sn Cu6Sn Sn ( Sn) 12 2 Sn,10 m /s = 10, 10,10 m /s = 10 m /s Initial compositions Interfacial energies: J/m Initial volume fraction precipitates: f = 0.04 V Interfacial reactions are diffusion controlled System size: 0.1μmx0.5 mx0.5μm 28
29 Concentration profiles D = D = D = 10 m /s ( Cu) Cu6Sn5 ( Sn) 12 2 Sn Sn Sn D D D = 10 m /s ( Cu) 25 2 Sn = 10 m /s Cu6Sn Sn = 10 m /s ( Sn) 12 2 Sn 29
30 Diffusion potential μ Sn Sn 30
31 Conclusions A thin-interface interface phase-field approach is presented for quantitative simulations of grain growth and diffusion controlled growth and coarsening Interfacial energies/mobilities Bulk Gibbs energies of the phases (CALPHAD) Diffusion coefficients/mobilities Current goal is to apply this approach to specific materials science problems Multi-component 3D simulations Thank you for your attention! 31
32 Solidification Cu-Ni alloy J. Heulens,, K.U.Leuven 32
New directions in phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution in polycrystalline and multi-component alloys
New directions in phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution in polycrystalline and multi-component alloys Liesbeth Vanherpe,, Jeroen Heulens,, Bert Rodiers K.U. Leuven, Belgium Quantitative phase-field
More informationA Phase Field Model for Grain Growth and Thermal Grooving in Thin Films with Orientation Dependent Surface Energy
Solid State Phenomena Vol. 129 (2007) pp. 89-94 online at http://www.scientific.net (2007) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland A Phase Field Model for Grain Growth and Thermal Grooving in Thin Films with
More informationKinetics. Rate of change in response to thermodynamic forces
Kinetics Rate of change in response to thermodynamic forces Deviation from local equilibrium continuous change T heat flow temperature changes µ atom flow composition changes Deviation from global equilibrium
More informationChapter 10, Phase Transformations
Chapter Outline: Phase Transformations Heat Treatment (time and temperature) Microstructure Kinetics of phase transformations Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation Growth, rate of the phase transformation
More informationCHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS
CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 9.14 Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases for the alloys and temperatures given in Problem 9.8. 9.8. This problem asks that
More informationPoint Defects. Vacancies are the most important form. Vacancies Self-interstitials
Grain Boundaries 1 Point Defects 2 Point Defects A Point Defect is a crystalline defect associated with one or, at most, several atomic sites. These are defects at a single atom position. Vacancies Self-interstitials
More informationPhase field simulation of the columnar dendritic growth and microsegregation in a binary alloy
Vol 17 No 9, September 28 c 28 Chin. Phys. Soc. 1674-156/28/17(9)/3516-7 Chinese Physics B and IOP Publishing Ltd Phase field simulation of the columnar dendritic growth and microsegregation in a binary
More informationA THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION MODEL FOR DIRECTIONALLY-SOLIDIFIED NI-BASE SUPERALLOYS
A THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION MODEL FOR DIRECTIONALLY-SOLIDIFIED NI-BASE SUPERALLOYS Ali P. Gordon 1, Mahesh Shenoy 1, and Richard W. Neu 12 1 The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical
More informationLearning Objectives. Chapter Outline. Solidification of Metals. Solidification of Metals
Learning Objectives Study the principles of solidification as they apply to pure metals. Examine the mechanisms by which solidification occurs. - Chapter Outline Importance of Solidification Nucleation
More informationLectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods
Lectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods Hussein M. Zbib School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
More informationCHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Solubility Limit 9.1 Consider the sugar water phase diagram of Figure 9.1. (a) How much sugar will dissolve in 1500 g water at 90 C (194 F)? (b) If the saturated
More informationKirkendall Voids in the Intermetallic Layers of Solder Joints in MEMS
Kirkendall Voids in the Intermetallic Layers of Solder Joints in MEMS Kerstin Weinberg, Thomas Böhme and Wolfgang H. Müller Institut für Mechanik, Lehrstuhl für Kontinuumsmechanik und Materialtheorie LKM),
More informationPhase Diagrams. Phases
Phase Diagrams Reading: Callister Ch. 10 What is a phase? What is the equilibrium i state t when different elements are mixed? What phase diagrams tell us. How phases evolve with temperature and composition
More informationPhase Diagrams of Pure Substances Predicts the stable phase as a function of P total and T. Example: water can exist in solid, liquid and vapor
PHASE DIAGRAMS Phase a chemically and structurally homogenous region of a material. Region of uniform physical and chemical characteristics. Phase boundaries separate two distinct phases. A single phase
More informationModeling of Ferrite-Austenite Phase Transformation Using a Cellular Automaton Model
, pp. 422 429 Modeling of Ferrite-Austenite Phase Transformation Using a Cellular Automaton Model Dong AN, 1) Shiyan PAN, 1) Li HUANG, 1) Ting DAI, 1) Bruce KRAKAUER 2) and Mingfang ZHU 1) * 1) Jiangsu
More informationRecrystallization Theoretical & Practical Aspects
Theoretical & Practical Aspects 27-301, Microstructure & Properties I Fall 2006 Supplemental Lecture A.D. Rollett, M. De Graef Materials Science & Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 1 Objectives The
More informationDesigning martensitic steels: structure & properties Enrique Galindo-Nava and Pedro Rivera
Designing martensitic steels: structure & properties Enrique Galindo-Nava and Pedro Rivera Feng Qian, Mark Rainforth (Sheffield); Wenwen Song (Aachen) 1 Outline Aim: Understand the factors controlling
More informationSTRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS
Background Knowledge Yield Strength STRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS Metals yield when dislocations start to move (slip). Yield means permanently change shape. Slip Systems Slip plane: the plane on which
More informationFinal Examination. Instructions. Guidelines. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering Spring Semester 2006 Professor R. Gronsky MSE 121 Name (Please Print) Final Examination Instructions Please
More informationbut T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy.
T m (Sn) = 232 C, T m (Pb) = 327 C but T m (Sn0.62Pb0.38) = 183 C, so this is a common soldering alloy. T m (Au) = 1064 C, T m (Si) = 2550 C but T m (Au0.97Si0.03) = 363 C, so thin layer of gold is used
More informationMisorientation Dependence of the Grain Boundary Energy in Magnesia
Misorientation Dependence of the Grain Boundary Energy in Magnesia David M. Saylor, Adam Morawiec *, Brent L. Adams, and Gregory S. Rohrer Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon
More information1. Introduction. Alexandre Furtado Ferreira a *, Ivaldo Leão Ferreira a, Janaan Pereira da Cunha a, Ingrid Meirelles Salvino a
Materials Research. 2015; 18(3): 644-653 2015 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.293514 Simulation of the Microstructural Evolution of Pure Material and Alloys in an Undercooled Melts via Phase-field
More informationNew Understanding of Abnormal Grain Growth Approached by Solid-State Wetting along Grain Boundary or Triple Junction.
Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-10-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 467-470, pp 745-750 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.745 Citation & Copyright 2004 Trans (to be Tech inserted Publications, by
More informationDevelopment Center, Warren, MI , USA 3 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China
EPD Congress 2013 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2013 STUDY ON EFFECTS OF INTERFACIAL ANISOTROPY AND ELASTIC INTERACTION ON MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION AND GROWTH KINETICS OF A SINGLE PRECIPITATE
More informationASTM Conference, Feb , Hyderabad, India
ASTM Conference, Feb 6 2013, Hyderabad, India Effect of Hydrogen on Dimensional Changes of Zirconium and the Influence of Alloying Elements: First-principles and Classical Simulations of Point Defects,
More informationA Spectral Iterative Method for the Computation of Effective Properties of Elastically Inhomogeneous Polycrystals
Commun. Comput. Phys. doi: 10.4208/cicp.290610.060411a Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 726-738 March 2012 A Spectral Iterative Method for the Computation of Effective Properties of Elastically Inhomogeneous Polycrystals
More informationMetals I. Anne Mertens
"MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 19/09/2017 25/10/2016 Metals I Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Metallic materials Materials Selection: case
More informationPart IV : Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I Module 2 : Cellular precipitation
Part IV : Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I Module 2 : Cellular precipitation 2. Cellular precipitation 2.1 Motivation Consider the microstructure (schematic) shown in Fig. 18. This is a typical microstructure
More information, (where Gv 0) Equation 3.1
CHAPTER THREE THEORY OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS IN STEELS 3 3.1 INTRODUCTION The formation and subsequent behaviour of individual particles in any precipitation process involve its nucleation, growth and
More informationEffects of Lead on Tin Whisker Elimination
Effects of Lead on Tin Whisker Elimination Wan Zhang and Felix Schwager Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Lucerne, Switzerland inemi Tin Whisker Workshop at ECTC 0 May 30, 2006, in San Diego, CA Efforts
More informationTitle: Modeling of microstructure in the HAZ for microalloyed steel S700 MC
Kompetenznetzwerk für Fügetechnik Title: Modeling of microstructure in the HAZ for microalloyed steel S7 MC Sub title: Modeling of grain growth in HAZ Autor: Mizanur Rahman Projekt: Join4+, 1.1 Datum:
More informationChapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids?
Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures Face-centered cubic Body-centered cubic Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
More informationMechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties Elastic deformation Plastic deformation Fracture II. Stable Plastic Deformation S s y For a typical ductile metal: I. Elastic deformation II. Stable plastic deformation III. Unstable
More informationModeling the evolution of orientation distribution functions during grain growth of some Ti and Zr alloys
Materials Science Forum Vols. 558-559 (2007) pp. 1163-1168 online at http://www.scientific.net (2007) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Modeling the evolution of orientation distribution functions during
More informationInstructor: Yuntian Zhu. Lecture 5
MSE 791: Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials Module 3: Fundamental Physics and Materials Design Instructor: Yuntian Zhu Office: 308 RBII Ph: 513-0559 ytzhu@ncsu.edu Lecture 5 Grain size effect
More informationNumerical modelling of the solidification of ductile iron
Journal of Crystal Growth 191 (1998) 261 267 Numerical modelling of the solidification of ductile iron J. Liu*, R. Elliott Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street,
More informationC β = W β = = = C β' W γ = = 0.22
9-15 9.13 This problem asks us to determine the phases present and their concentrations at several temperatures, as an alloy of composition 52 wt% Zn-48 wt% Cu is cooled. From Figure 9.19: At 1000 C, a
More informationChapter 10: Phase Diagrams
hapter 10: Phase Diagrams Show figures 10-1 and 10-3, and discuss the difference between a component and a phase. A component is a distinct chemical entity, such as u, Ni, NiO or MgO. A phase is a chemically
More informationSIMULATION OF DIFFUSIONAL PROCESSES DURING SOLIDIFICATION IN AUSTENITIC STEELS
Abstract SIMULATION OF DIFFUSIONAL PROCESSES DURING SOLIDIFICATION IN AUSTENITIC STEELS D. Baldissin*, L. Battezzati, Dipartimento di Chimica IFM e Centro di Eccellenza NIS, Università di Torino, Via P.
More informationSimulation of Inverse Piezoelectric effect in degradation AlGaN/GaN devices. David Horton, Dr M E Law
Simulation of Inverse Piezoelectric effect in degradation AlGaN/GaN devices David Horton, Dr M E Law Simulation Approach FLOORS Gate t > 0 AlGaN GaN Defect at gate edge t=0, As Built 1] Park S.Y, Kim,
More informationPhase Field Modelling of the Austenite to Ferrite Transformation in Steels
Phase Field Modelling of the Austenite to Ferrite Transformation in Steels The research described in this thesis was performed in the department of Material Science and Technology, the Delft University
More informationCu/Ag Eutectic System
Eutectic Systems The simplest kind of system with two solid phases is called a eutectic system. A eutectic system contains two solid phases at low temperature. These phases may have different crystal structures,
More information3. Anisotropic blurring by dislocations
Dynamical Simulation of EBSD Patterns of Imperfect Crystals 1 G. Nolze 1, A. Winkelmann 2 1 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany 2 Max-Planck- Institute of Microstructure
More informationIntroduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams Construction of phase diagrams
Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Concept of alloying Classification of alloys Introduction to the phase diagram Uses and limitations of phase diagrams Classification of phase diagrams
More informationMicrostructural and Textural Evolution by Continuous Cyclic Bending and Annealing in a High Purity Titanium
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 9 (24) pp. 2826 to 2831 #24 The Japan Institute of Metals Microstructural and Textural Evolution by Continuous Cyclic Bending and Annealing in a High Purity Titanium
More informationChapter 3 Crystal Interfaces and Microstructure
Chapter 3 Crystal Interfaces and Microstructure Interfacial free energy Solid / vapor interfaces Boundaries in single-phase solids Interphase interfaces in solids Interface migration Interfacial Free Energy
More informationInterconnects. Outline. Interconnect scaling issues Aluminum technology Copper technology. Properties of Interconnect Materials
Interconnects Outline Interconnect scaling issues Aluminum technology Copper technology 1 Properties of Interconnect Materials Metals Silicides Barriers Material Thin film Melting resistivity point ( C)
More informationFundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed crystal structures Density computations Crystal structure
More informationDefects and Diffusion
Defects and Diffusion Goals for the Unit Recognize various imperfections in crystals Point imperfections Impurities Line, surface and bulk imperfections Define various diffusion mechanisms Identify factors
More informationAn Investigation of the Effect of Anisotropy on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Textured Nickel/Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
An Investigation of the Effect of Anisotropy on the Thermomechanical Behavior of Textured Nickel/Titanium Shape Memory Alloys Anthony Wheeler Advisor: Dr. Atef Saleeb Honors research Project Abstract The
More informationContinuum modeling of ferroelectric materials and devices
Continuum modeling of ferroelectric materials and devices S. Aubry, M. Fago, J. Knap, O. Schneider, A. Yavari and M. Ortiz ARO/MURI Kick-off meeting Caltech, March 30, 2001 Objectives To develop physics-based,
More informationTwins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews. Cindy Smith
Twins & Dislocations in HCP Textbook & Paper Reviews Cindy Smith Motivation Review: Outline Crystal lattices (fcc, bcc, hcp) Fcc vs. hcp stacking sequences Cubic {hkl} naming Hcp {hkil} naming Twinning
More informationPressureless Bonding Using Sputtered Ag Thin Films
Journal of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-014-3355-3 Ó 2014 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Pressureless Bonding Using Sputtered Ag Thin Films CHULMIN OH, 1,2,3
More informationUNDERSTANDING AND MODELING OF GRAIN BOUNDARY PINNING IN INCONEL 718
UNDERSTANDING AND MODELING OF GRAIN BOUNDARY PINNING IN INCONEL 718 Andrea Agnoli 1,2, Marc Bernacki 1, Roland Logé 1, Jean-Michel Franchet 2, Johanne Laigo 2, Nathalie Bozzolo 1 1 Cemef, 1 rue Claude
More informationHeterogeneous Stress Relaxation in Thin Films: Whiskers, Hillocks, and Beyond
Heterogeneous Stress Relaxation in Thin Films: Whiskers, Hillocks, and Beyond Carol Handwerker 1, John Blendell 1, Pylin Sarobol 1, Wei-Hsun Chen 1, Ying Wang 1, John Koppes 1, Aaron Pedigo 1, Stefano
More informationAbstract INTRODUCTION
Nucleation Theory for High Carbon Bainite C. Garcia Mateo and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia University of Cambridge Materials Science and Metallurgy Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, U. K. www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase
More informationDefinition and description of different diffusion terms
Definition and description of different diffusion terms efore proceeding further, it is necessary to introduce different terms frequently used in diffusion studies. Many terms will be introduced, which
More informationThe Effect of Cu and Ni on the Structure and Properties of the IMC Formed by the Reaction of Liquid Sn-Cu Based Solders with Cu Substrate
WDS'08 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part III, 220 224, 2008. ISBN 978-80-7378-067-8 MATFYZPRESS The Effect of Cu and Ni on the Structure and Properties of the IMC Formed by the Reaction of Liquid
More informationBinary phase diagrams
inary phase diagrams inary phase diagrams and ibbs free energy curves inary solutions with unlimited solubility Relative proportion of phases (tie lines and the lever principle) Development of microstructure
More informationSection 4: Thermal Oxidation. Jaeger Chapter 3. EE143 - Ali Javey
Section 4: Thermal Oxidation Jaeger Chapter 3 Properties of O Thermal O is amorphous. Weight Density =.0 gm/cm 3 Molecular Density =.3E molecules/cm 3 O Crystalline O [Quartz] =.65 gm/cm 3 (1) Excellent
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers 6th Annual SSRL Workshop on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application May 29-31, 2012 Thin films. Epitaxial
More informationMeasurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction
Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction C-563 Overview Definitions Origin Methods of determination of residual stresses Method of X-ray diffraction (details) References End Stress and Strain
More information1. Use the Ellingham Diagram (reproduced here as Figure 0.1) to answer the following.
315 Problems 1. Use the Ellingham Diagram (reproduced here as Figure 0.1) to answer the following. (a) Find the temperature and partial pressure of O 2 where Ni(s), Ni(l), and NiO(s) are in equilibrium.
More informationCharacterization of Phases in an As-cast Copper-Manganese- Aluminum Alloy
J. Mater. Sci. Technol., Vol.22 No.6, 2006 779 Characterization of Phases in an As-cast Copper-Manganese- Aluminum Alloy J.Iqbal, F.Hasan and F.Ahmad Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
More informationMonte Carlo Simulation of Recrystallization
S01-P444 1 Monte Carlo Simulation of Recrystallization C. Moron 1, P. Ramirez 2, A. Garcia 1 and E. Tremps 1 1 E.U. Arquitectura Técnica (U.P.M.), Sensors and Actuators Group, Madrid, Spain 2 E.U. Informática
More informationCombining bainite and martensite in steel microstructures for light weight applications
Combining bainite and martensite in steel microstructures for light weight applications by M.J. Santofimia*, S.M.C. van Bohemen, and J. Sietsma Synopsis Multiphase microstructures in steel have been intensively
More informationLightweighting is a well-known
26 COMPUTATIONAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS FOR MAGNESIUM ALLOY DEVELOPMENT Computational thermodynamics and CALPHAD modeling prove useful for selecting and developing new magnesium alloys. Alan A. Luo,
More informationHeterogeneous nucleation and adsorption
10.1098/rsta.2002.1137 Heterogeneous nucleation and adsorption By B. Cantor University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Published online 27 January 2003 This paper discusses the heterogeneous nucleation of solidification,
More informationReliability Challenges for 3D Interconnects:
Reliability Challenges for 3D Interconnects: A material and design perspective Paul S. Ho Suk-Kyu Ryu, Kuan H. (Gary) Lu, Qiu Zhao, Jay Im and Rui Huang The University of Texas at Austin 3D Sematech Workshop,
More informationDatabase. Sept , 2014, Aachen, Germany. Thermo-Calc Anwendertreffen
Database Sept. 11-12, 2014, Aachen, Germany Thermo-Calc Anwendertreffen Thermodynamic and kinetic databases New Databases, June 2014 TCAL3 TCMG3 TCSLD2 TCSI1 TCNI7 MOBNI3 TCAL3.0 TCAL3.0 TCAL1.0 2011.05
More informationEvolution in microstructure and properties during non-isothermal annealing of a cold-rolled Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy with different microchemistry states
Evolution in microstructure and properties during non-isothermal annealing of a cold-rolled Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy with different microchemistry states K. Huang a, O. Engler b, Y.J. Li a, K. Marthinsen a a
More informationPrecipitation Module (TC-PRISMA) User Guide. Thermo-Calc Version 2017a
Thermo-Calc Version 2017a Copyright 2017 Thermo-Calc Software AB. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software described in this document is furnished
More informationJ = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2
1. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic
More informationMultiphase Model of Precipitate Formation and Grain Growth in Continuous Casting
ANNUAL REPORT 2012 UIUC, August 16, 2012 Multiphase Model of Precipitate Formation and Grain Growth in Continuous Casting Kun Xu (Ph.D. Student) Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University
More informationThesis for Doctor of Philosophy. Variant selection of Allotriomorphic Ferrite in Steels
Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy Variant selection of Allotriomorphic Ferrite in Steels Kim, Dae Woo ( 金旲優 ) Computational Metallurgy Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science
More informationNanocrystalline structure and Mechanical Properties of Vapor Quenched Al-Zr-Fe Alloy Sheets Prepared by Electron-Beam Deposition
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 10 (2003) pp. 1948 to 1954 Special Issue on Nano-Hetero Structures in Advanced Metallic Materials #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals Nanocrystalline structure and
More informationCo-Evolution of Stress and Structure During Growth of Polycrystalline Thin Films
Co-Evolution of Stress and Structure During Growth of Polycrystalline Thin Films Carl V. Thompson and Hang Z. Yu* Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA Effects of intrinsic
More information3D FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF THE ELECTROFUSION PROCESS OF POLYETHYLENE FITTINGS
GERG Academic Network Meeting Brussels, June 14th 15th 3D FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF THE ELECTROFUSION PROCESS OF POLYETHYLENE FITTINGS Chebbo Ziad Industrial supervisor Dominique GUEUGNAUT Adil BOUJLAL
More informationKeywords. Grain boundary character, Coarsening, Texture, Continuous time random
ON A STATISTICAL THEORY OF CRITICAL EVENTS IN MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION K. BARMAK, M. EMELIANENKO, D. GOLOVATY, D. KINDERLEHRER, AND S. TA ASAN Abstract. One of the most challenging aspects of the microstructural
More informationModeling of Transport Phenomena in Metal Foaming
Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Metal Foaming B. Chinè 1,3 and M. Monno 2,3 1 Instituto Tecnològico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; 2 Politecnico di Milano, Italy; 3 Laboratorio MUSP, Macchine Utensili e
More informationModule-6. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms
Module-6 Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Contents 1) Dislocations & Plastic deformation and Mechanisms of plastic deformation in metals 2) Strengthening mechanisms in metals 3) Recovery, Recrystallization
More informationMicrostructural parameters from Multiple Whole Profile (MWP) or Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile (CMWP) computer programs
Microstructural parameters from Multiple Whole Profile (MWP) or Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile (CMWP) computer programs Iuliana Dragomir-Cernatescu School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
More informationCalorimetric Study of the Energetics and Kinetics of Interdiffusion in Cu/Cu 6. Film Diffusion Couples. Department of Physics
Calorimetric Study of the Energetics and Kinetics of Interdiffusion in Cu/Cu 6 Thin Film Diffusion Couples K. F. Dreyer, W. K. Niels, R. R. Chromik, D. Grosman, and E. J. Cotts Department of Physics Binghamton
More informationComputational and Analytical Methods in AM: Linking Process to Microstructure
Computational and Analytical Methods in AM: Linking Process to Microstructure Greg Wagner Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Workshop on Predictive Theoretical and Computational
More informationDiffusion in Solids. Why is it an important part of processing? How can the rate of diffusion be predicted for some simple cases?
Diffusion in Solids ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How does diffusion occur? Why is it an important part of processing? How can the rate of diffusion be predicted for some simple cases? How does diffusion depend
More informationChapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Introduction
Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip
More informationThermodynamic Modelling of High Strength, High Toughness Ti Alloys
Thermodynamic Modelling of High Strength, High Toughness Ti Alloys By Hang Wang School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham A thesis submitted to: The University of Birmingham. for the
More informationManufacturing and Reliability Modelling
Manufacturing and Reliability Modelling Silicon Chip C Bailey University of Greenwich London, England Printed Circuit Board Airflow Temperature Stress at end of Reflow Stress Product Performance in-service
More informationMultiscale modelling of the morphology and spatial distribution of θ' precipitates in Al-Cu alloys
Multiscale modelling of the morphology and spatial distribution of θ' precipitates in Al-Cu alloys H. Liu a, B. Bellón a, J. LLorca a,b,1 a IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid,
More information10. Phase Transformations in Solids
10. Phase Transformations in Solids 10.1 Introduction... 1 10.. Thermodynamics of Phase Changes... 1 10..1 Driving Force for Phase Transformations... 1 10... Phase Diagrams and their relation to Free energy
More informationLecture 31-36: Questions:
Lecture 31-36: Heat treatment of steel: T-T-T diagram, Pearlitic, Martensitic & Bainitic transformation, effect of alloy elements on phase diagram & TTT diagram, CCT diagram, Annealing, normalizing, hardening
More informationNew Pb-Free Solder Alloy for Demanding Applications. Presented by Karl Seelig, VP Technology, AIM
New Pb-Free Solder Alloy for Demanding Applications Presented by Karl Seelig, VP Technology, AIM Why REL? The evolution and expansion of electronics into more harsh operating environments performing more
More informationK AT H L E E N C A R M O D Y A L E X A N D E R. B.S. Materials Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011
A N O F F - L AT T I C E K I N E T I C M O N T E C A R L O M E T H O D F O R T H E I N V E S T I G AT I O N O F G R A I N B O U N D A RY K I N E T I C P R O C E S S E S by K AT H L E E N C A R M O D Y
More informationPrecipitation and Cr depletion profiles of Inconel 182 during heat. treatments and laser surface melting
Precipitation and Cr depletion profiles of Inconel 182 during heat treatments and laser surface melting Gang Bao a,b, Motomichi Yamamoto a, Kenji Shinozaki a *, a Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering,
More informationCombinatorial RF Magnetron Sputtering for Rapid Materials Discovery: Methodology and Applications
Combinatorial RF Magnetron Sputtering for Rapid Materials Discovery: Methodology and Applications Philip D. Rack,, Jason D. Fowlkes, and Yuepeng Deng Department of Materials Science and Engineering University
More informationInfluence of Thermal Cycling on the Microstructure and Shear Strength of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu and Sn63Pb37 Solder Joints on Au/Ni Metallization
68 J. Mater. Sci. Technol., Vol.23 No.1, 2007 Influence of Thermal Cycling on the Microstructure and Shear Strength of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu and Sn63Pb37 Solder Joints on Au/Ni Metallization Hongtao CHEN 1,2),
More information- Slip by dislocation movement - Deformation produced by motion of dislocations (Orowan s Eq.)
Lecture #12 - Critical resolved shear stress Dr. Haydar Al-Ethari - Slip y dislocation movement - Deformation produced y motion of dislocations (Orowan s Eq.) References: 1- Derek Hull, David Bacon, (2001),
More informationStudy of the Interface Microstructure of Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Solders and the Effect of Solder Volume on Intermetallic Layer Formation.
Study of the Interface Microstructure of Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Solders and the Effect of Solder Volume on Intermetallic Layer Formation. B. Salam +, N. N. Ekere, D. Rajkumar Electronics Manufacturing Engineering
More informationIon Nitriding of Stainless Steel: III
Ion Nitriding of Stainless Steel: III INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON NITRIDING PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL D. Manova, S. Heinrich, I. Eichentopf, S. Mändl, H. Neumann, B. Rauschenbach Financial Support
More informationCRYSTAL STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR & FAILURE OF MATERIALS
MODULE ONE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR & FAILURE OF MATERIALS CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Metallic crystal structures; BCC, FCC and HCP Coordination number and Atomic Packing Factor (APF) Crystal imperfections:
More information