EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT:- 1. Single stage mixer settler 2. Multi stage mixer settler 3. Spay tower 4. Packed tower 5. Tray tower

Transcription

1 EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT:- 1. Single stage mixer settler 2. Multi stage mixer settler 3. Spay tower 4. Packed tower 5. Tray tower

2 DEFINATION:- EXTRACTION Extraction is the method of separating the liquid mixture constitute by contacting with liquid solvent due to solubility difference EXTRACT PHASE:- Adding solvent rich phase in which solute dissolve is called extract RAFFINATE:- Removing solute rich phase (extract), the rest is called raffinate.

3 In all such operation the solution which is to be extraction is called the feed and the liquid with which the feed is contacted for extraction of solute is called as a solvent. The residual liquid solution from which solute is removed is called as raffinate and the solvent-rich product of operation is called as extract. LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION The techniques of removing one component from a solid or liquid by means of a liquid solvent fall into two categories, 1. Leaching or solid extraction. 2. Liquid extraction.

4 LEACHING Insoluble component extract from solid particle is called leaching. Eg.,oil extraction,goldsearchi ng from metal. Equipment used -ball man extractor

5 GAS ABSORPTION Gas absorption is the second most important mass transfer operation encountered in chemical process industry for recovery or removal of soluble gas component/components of gas mixture. Gas absorption is a unit operation in which gas mixture is contacted with liquid for preferentially dissolving one or more constituents of gas and providing a solution of them in liquid. The operation is sometimes also termed as scrubbing.

6 Gas absorption equipments: Various gas absorption equipment used are: 1. Mechanically agitated vessels. 2. Packed columns/towers. 3. Plate columns. Tower Packings: Many types of packings are in use ranging from simple to complex geometric shapes.packings are made of ceramics, metals and plastics and vary in size from 6 to 75 mm.

7 Gas absorption equipments: Various gas absorption equipment used are: Mechanically agitated vessels. Packed columns/towers. Plate columns. Tower Packing: Many types of packing are in use ranging from simple to complex geometric shapes.pickings are made of ceramics, metals and plastics and vary in size from 6 to 75 mm.

8 CHOICE OF SOLVENT:- 1. Selectivity 2. Recoverability 3. Distribution coefficient 4. Density 5. Low cost 6. Non toxic 7. Non corrosive

9 Adsorption It is a one type of seperation process. Fluid heating at atmospheric level and then passes steam or air then separated this process is called adsorption.

10 Mechanical operation Operation in which mechanical device is used is called mechanical operation. (1) filteration (2) size reduction (3) screening (4) Mixing (5) Agitation etc.

11 Heat transfer Heat transfer from one place to another is called heat transfer. Heat Exchanger types (1)Shell&Tube (2)Double pipe (3)Fins tube (4)plate type.

12 MODE OF HEAT TRANSFER Conduction: It is restricted to flow of heat in solids. In metallic solids, thermal conduction results from the motion of unbound electrons. Convection: Convection is restricted to flow of heat in fluids and closely associated with fluid mechanics. Radiation: Radiation refers to the transfer of heat energy from one body to another, not in contact with it by electromagnetic waves through space.

13 Heat Exchange Equipments Cooler : The heat exchange equipment employed to cool process fluids by means of water or atmospheric air. Condenser : The heat exchange equipment employed to condenser a vapour or mixture of vapours in presence or absence of noncondensable gas. Chiller : The heat exchange equipment employed to cool a process fluid to a temperature below that can be obtained by using water as a cooling media.

14 Exchanger : It is the heat exchange equipment that allows exchange of heat between hot and cold process streams/fluids. Heater : The heat exchange equipment employed which imparts sensible heat to process fluid condensing steam or dowtherm may be employed as heating media. Reboiler : The heat exchange equipment employed meet latent heat requirement at the bottom of distillation column. Vaporiser : The heat exchange equipment employed which vaporiser the part of the liquid.

15 Evaporator : The heat exchange equipment employed for the concentration of the solution by evaporation of water. condensing steam is used as a heating media.