PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION

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1 Technical Data Sheet HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide HCD burning Low HAVASHINE Add 1% HAVASHINE AZ AZ CARRIER CARRIER. Low ammonium chloride Keep the ammonium chloride level at 4 6 opg (30 45 g/l). Low bath temperature Keep the bath temperature at o F (26 30 o C). Low zinc metal from bath Add zinc chloride to raise zinc cut or high drag-out rate metal to opg ( g/l). LCD dullness Low HAVASHINE Add 1% HAVASHINE AZ AZ CARRIER CARRIER. High ph (usually above Keep the ph within the 6.2) recommended operating range of 4.8 to 5.9. Low level (2 5 ppm) metallic contamination Treat with 1 lb zinc dust per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 High zinc metal Increase the total chloride to 20 Zn = 5 7 opg (38 53 g/l) 22 opg ( g/l). Cl = opg Low bath temperature Keep the bath temperature at o F (26 30 o C). Organic contamination Treat with 1 lb potassium permanganate per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Treat with 1 lb of activated carbon per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 HAVILAND PRODUCTS CO. LCD dullness No HAVASHINE Add 0.5% of HAVASHINE AZ (new bath start- AZ STARTER STARTER. up) R e v i s e d A u g u s t 1 0,

2 HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide PAGE 2 OF 6 LCD thin/skip plate Total chloride level below Keep the total chloride within the (thin or no plate in 16 opg (120 g/l) recommended operating range of LCD) opg ( g/l). Chromium contamination 1.3 oz of sodium bisulfite per 1000 gal (10 g/1000 liters) will treat 5 ppm of chromium. Mid CD band Emulsifier imbalance Add % of HAVASHINE AZ DUCTILIZER. Blisters Poor cleaning Charge-up or change the soak cleaner and electrocleaner. Immersion copper on parts from contaminated pickle Over pickled parts especially on heat treated steel Use HP DESCALER FEX to eliminate the build-up of copper in the pickle bath. Use HP DESCALER FEX to eliminate smut formation. Chromium contamination 1.3 oz of sodium bisulfite per 1000 gal (10 g/1000 liters) will treat 5 ppm of chromium. Foaming Drag-in of wetters from the Increase the flow rate on preplate rinses. cleaner tanks Drag-in of pickle wetters Slowly and with good agitation, lower the ph with hydrochloric acid and stop all additions of the pickle wetter. Use HP HAVAZINC DEFOAMER. Flaking, chipping or HAVASHINE AZ Treat the bath with 1 lb of potassium cracking BRIGHTENER overload permanganate per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 liters) Treat the bath with 1 quart of hydrogen peroxide per 1000 gal of bath (0.25 liters/1000 Lower the ph with hydrochloric acid to Add % of HAVASHINE AZ DUCTILIZER.

3 HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide PAGE 3 OF 6 Flaking, chipping or Cracking (cont d) Add 1% of HAVASHINE AZ CARRIER. Treat the bath with 1 lb of activated carbon per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Overall dull plate that Very low HAVASHINE AZ Add 1 2% of HAVASHINE AZ does not respond to CARRIER CARRIER. brightener Organic contamination Treat the bath with 1 lb of potassium permanganate per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Treat the bath with 1 lb of activated carbon per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Metallic contamination Treat the bath with 1 lb of zinc dust per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Organic precipitate on Dragged-in oils from cleaners Change cleaners. solution surface and tank walls High total chloride level Keep the total chloride within the Salting-out the emulsifying recommended operating range of Agents opg ( g/l). Large ph adjustment with Hydrochloric acid in an isolated Area that is insolubolizing the Emulsifying agents Make small incremental additions over a large portion of the bath using good agitation. Low cloud point Dragged-in oils from cleaners Change the cleaners and treat the bath with 1 lb of potassium permanganate or activated carbon per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 High total chloride level Drag-in of pickle wetting agents Keep the total chloride within the recommended operating range of opg ( g/l). Stop all additions of pickle wetting agents.

4 HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide PAGE 4 OF 6 Cloudy blue or yellow Low cloud point See previous page. chromate Poor post plate rinsing Weak chromate The chromate has a high ph Old or contaminated chromate Increase flow rate of rinses. Increase chromate concentration. Keep ph within the recommended operating range of the chromate. Change the chromate. Dark in LCD after Metallic contamination Treat the bath with 1 lb of zinc dust per copper over 15 ppm 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 liters) to cadmium over 15 ppm remove 10 ppm of metal contamination. lead over 5 ppm Poor adhesion of yellow HAVASHINE AZ Treat the bath with 1 lb potassium chromate BRIGHTENER overload permanganate per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 liters) or 1 quart hydrogen peroxide per 1000 gal of bath (0.25 liters/1000 Lower the ph with hydrochloric acid to Treat the bath with 1 lb of activated carbon per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 Black in HCD after Iron contamination Treat the bath with quart of chromate hydrogen peroxide per 1000 gal of bath (0.25 liters/1000 liters) or lb of potassium permanganate per 1000 gal of bath (0.12 kg/1000 White staining/spots before Poor rinsing Increase flow rate of rinses. Chromate More common in barrel installations due to transfer time, ability of the part to tumble, proper drying and shop temperature and humidity Use HAVASHINE ANTI-STAIN at 5% by volume then use HAVASHINE AZ CARRIER PLUS in place of HAVASHINE AZ CARRIER.

5 HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide PAGE 5 OF 6 Corrosion after parts See white staining/spots See previous page. stored before chromate Delamination of plate More common in rack lines Keep the iron under 20 ppm by making due to high iron levels small and frequent additions of hydrogen peroxide. Rapid iron build-up in Parts on bottom of plating Remove parts from tank regularly. bath tank Hole in tank liner Dragged-in iron from contaminated pickle Repair immediately. Use HP DESCALER FEX to reduce iron build-up in the pickle. Roughness Poor filtration Clean filter. Particles from anode balls Use anode bags. Increase the anode area. Lower the ph to with hydrochloric acid. High chloride consumption Low zinc metal Increase zinc metal to opg. GLOSSARY OF TERMS BRIGHTENER OVERLOAD BLISTERING CARBON CHROMATE CLOUD POINT Concentration several times the recommended level. Electrodeposit lifts off the surface of the substrate in the form of bubbles. Activated carbon powder. A solution of hexavalent or trivalent Chromium used to add corrosion protection to the surface of the plated part. The plating solution for Chloride Zinc plating baths is an emulsion rather than a true solution. The nonionic emulsifying agents used under normal conditions form microemulsions of the organic chemicals in the plating bath. As temperature of the plating bath increases, the microemulsion reverts to a simple emulsion and the plating bath becomes cloudy and no longer transparent. The temperature at which this occurs is called the cloud point of the bath.

6 HAVASHINE AZ PROCESS Trouble Shooting Guide PAGE 6 OF 6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS (Cont d) DELAMINATION OF PLATE ELECTROCLEANER g/l HCD The electrodeposit separates in layers. Alkaline cleaner used with anodic current on parts for surface agitation. Used at 170 to 190 o F (77 to 88 o C) after the soak cleaner. grams per liter. Multiply by to convert to ounces per gallon (opg). High current density. The highest current density on a part is generally on the edge of the part or area closest to the anode. In a rack plating bath it is at the bottom edge and ends of the rack. HCD BURNING HCD BAND LATENT BLISTERING LCD LCD BAND MID CD opg PICKLE POLARIZED ANODES SOAK CLEANER Coarse, dark deposit in the high current density area. Dull electrodeposit in the high current density. Blistering that occurs several hours or days after plating. Low current density. The lowest current density is generally in the recessed area of the part or the area of the part that is farthest from the anode. In a rack plating bath it is at the top and middle area of the rack. Dull electrodeposit in the low current density area. Medium current density area. This means the area in the middle of a part. ounces per gallon. Multiply by 7.5 to convert to grams per liter (g/l). The acid dip tank after the alkaline cleaners that is used to dissolve rust and oxide scale. It is usually a 20 50% solution of Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid. Anodes that have a non-conductive film on the surface. Alkaline cleaner used to remove oils prior to electrocleaning, pickling and electroplating. Soak cleaners are operated at 150 to 200 o F (65 to 93 o C). The data contained in this bulletin is believed by HAVILAND PRODUCTS COMPANY to be accurate, true and complete. Since however, final methods of use of these products are in the hands of the customer and beyond our control, we cannot guarantee that the customer will obtain the results described in this bulletin, nor can we assume any responsibility for the use of this product by the customer in any process which may infringe the patents of third parties.

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