Part 1. References: Gray: Chapter 6 OGN: Chapter 19 and (24.1)
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1 Part 1 References: Gray: Chapter 6 OGN: Chapter 19 and (24.1)
2 Aspects of Chemical Bonds Bonding in Chem 1a Atomic Structure Explain Atomic Line Spectra, Galaxies, etc. Shapes of Orbitals in Atoms for Bonding Ionization Energies and Trends in Chemical Reactivity (e.g., Li + vs Li) Which Molecules are Likely to Exist and Their Shapes and Reactivities (Ozone, Glo. Warm.) Magnetic and Bonding Properties of Molecules (Magnetic Tapes, Disks, etc.) Special Properties of Resonance Stabilization Directionality of Covalent Chemical Bonds Bonding in Solids
3 A Simple Cubic Lattice
4 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice 6 Face Atoms 8 Corner Atoms
5 FCC Lattice of Metals and Insulators Metals Are Closed Packed Atomic Spheres Insulators Arise from Binary Compounds with Holes Filled in FCC Lattice
6 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice
7 Two Face-Centered Cubic Lattices Replicate the Original Lattice
8 Two Face-Centered Cubic Lattices Offset the Lattice by 1/2 An Edge-Edge Distance
9 Two Face-Centered Cubic Lattices Start to Interpenetrate the Two Lattices
10 Two Face-Centered Cubic Lattices Two Interpenetrating FCC Lattices
11 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Chop Off Top and Bottom Atoms to View Original Unit Cell Volume
12 Rock Salt: Two Interpenetrating FCC Structures Every Atom Has Six Nearest Neighbors of the Opposite Atom Type with a Locally Octahedral Geometry
13 Rock Salt: Two Interpenetrating FCC Structures One Can Not See Through the Cube in this View
14 Rock Salt: Two Interpenetrating FCC Structures
15 A Simple Cubic Lattice Again
16 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice 6 Face Atoms 8 Corner Atoms
17 One Octahedral Hole in a Face-Centered Cubic Lattice There is a Hole at Center of Unit Cell
18 Fill The Unique Octahedral Hole at Center
19 Two of The Octahedral Holes at Edge Midpoints
20 Showing Coordination Around Edge Octahedral Holes
21 Showing Coordination Around Edge Octahedral Holes
22 Forming Rock Salt: Fill All of the Octahedral Holes Fill All of The Octahedral Holes at Edge Midpoints and the Unique Hole in the Center of the Unit Cell
23 Rock Salt Structure Two Interpenetrating FCC Lattices or Fill All Octahedral Holes in One FCC Lattice
24 Tetrahedral Holes in A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Each Corner (with 3 Face Atoms) Defines One Tetrahedral Hole; Favored by sp 3 Hybrids
25 Filling 1/2 T d Holes in a FCC Lattice Note: Face Atoms Not Shown For Clarity
26 Filling 1/2 T d Holes in a FCC Lattice When Atoms Are All Identical, Have Diamond (Si) Structure
27 Filling 1/2 T d Holes in a FCC Lattice When T d Atoms are Different than FCC Atoms, Have Zinc Blende (GaAs, InP, etc.) Structure
28 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Face Atom Corner Atom How Do We Determine Stoichiometry? Consider Face and Corner Atoms Separately
29 Face Atoms in a FCC Lattice Face Atoms Are Shared Between 2 Unit Cells So Each Face Atom Counts as 1/2 for Each Unit Cell 6 Face Atoms per Unit Cell * 1/2 = 3 Atoms/Unit Cell
30 Corner Atoms in a FCC Lattice Corner Atoms Are Shared Between 8 Unit Cells So Each Face Atom Counts as 1/8 for Each Unit Cell 8 Corner Atoms in a Unit Cell * 1/8 = 1 Atom/Unit Cell
31 A Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Corner Atom (8 * 1/8 = 1) Face Atom (6 * 1/2 = 3) 3 Face Equivalents and 1 Corner Equivalent = 4 Total Atoms/Unit Cell From the FCC Lattice
32 Octahedral Holes in FCC Lattice: Rock Salt Edge Hole Central Hole Now We Will Consider the Contribution of Holes /Unit Cell
33 Octahedral Holes in FCC Lattice: Rock Salt Edge Hole (12) Central Hole (1) What About Edge Atoms? (12 Total Edge Atoms)
34 Edge Atoms in a FCC Lattice Edge Atoms Are Shared Between 4 Unit Cells So Each Edge Atom Counts as 1/4 for Each Unit Cell 12 Edge Atoms per cell * 1/4 = 3 Edge Atoms/Unit Cell
35 Face Atoms (6 * 1/2 = 3) Stoichiometry of Rock Salt Corner Atoms (8 * 1/8=1) Edge Hole (12*1/4 = 3) Central Hole (1 * 1 = 1) 4 Total Lattice Atoms: 4 Lattice Holes 1:1 Stoichiometry (NaCl)
36 Stoichiometry of Zinc Blende Face Atoms (6 * 1/2 = 3) Corner Atoms (8 * 1/8 = 1) T d Holes (4 * 1 = 4) 4 Lattice Atoms: 4 Tetrahedral Holes 1:1 Stoichiometry (GaAs, InP, CdS, ZnS)
37 Body Centered Cubic Lattice 1 Extra Atom at Center of Unit Cell; 1:1 Also
38 ZnS (Smallest Cation/Anion) CsCl (Biggest Cation/Anion) NaCl (Intermediate Cation/Anion)
39 END Part 1 References: Gray: Chapter 6 OGN: Chapter 19 and (24.1)
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