Table 1: Characteristic Properties on paint category A.

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1 Technical Bulletin 1. What is an extender? An extender is an ingredient added to paint in order to increase coverage, reduce cost, achieve durability, control rheology and influence other desirable properties. Less expensive compare to prime hiding pigments as titanium dioxide. 2. Paints Classification. Paints have different classifications according to the criterion adopted, for example: Depending on its chemical composition there are classified based on the main resin utilised, as alkyds, vinyl, emulsions or latex-based, etc. According to the final use paints are classified as architectural and industrial and depending on quality products are also classified in three categories A, B, and C. Table 1: Characteristic Properties on paint category A. PROPERTIES SPECIFICATION* 25ºC, Krebs Unity 120 max (KU) PVC, % < 60 Dispersion, Hegman 5 min Non volatile material content,% 40 Hidding Power, % 97 min *These values depend on each country regulations. 3. Gelsil AS-150 Titanium Dioxide Extender Agent Gelsil AS-150 is a synthetic sodium aluminum silicate, which it is used as an extender for titanium dioxide or other white pigments. Due to its high white strength value and uniformly fine particle size it has been used in the coating industry successfully, since, provide to the paint a significant opacity degree, increasing its abrasion resistance, hiding power, whiteness and delivering excellent cost efficiency without affecting the quality of the resin. 1/6

2 Gelsil AS-150 vs. TiO2 Particle Size Distribution % Weight ,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9, , ,5 12 Particle Size (µm) Gelsil AS-150 TiO2 In paint category A, Gelsil AS-150 can substitute up to 40% of titanium dioxide without affecting the original characteristics of the formulation and keeping its properties in specifications as well. Gelsil AS-150 is incorporated for direct dispersion by high shear dissolvers at r.p.m. Table 2: Emulsion Paint (Category A) Formulation Componente % en Peso Water Dispersant Agent 1.09 Bactericide 0.25 Fungicide 0.15 Defoaming agent 0.50 Wetting Agent 0.20 Thickener Agent 0.40 Etylenglycol 1.12 TiO CaCO 3 B CaCO 3 B /6

3 Talc (Magnesium Silicate) 3.78 Resin Coalescent Aid 1.61 Ammoniacal Solution 25 % Influence of synthetic sodium aluminium silicate Gelsil AS-150 on the properties of emulsion paints. Viscosity, Gelsil AS-150 provides a thickening effect in paint, increasing slightly the viscosity of it without exceeding its specification. Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC): The incorporation of Gelsil AS-150 in the formulation as replacement of the titanium dioxide does not affect considerably the pigment volume concentration. Dispersion, Figure 4 shows that Gelsil AS-150 can be used up to 40% by substitution of titanium dioxide, keeping the performance. Even when the replacement of titanium dioxide is in higher percentages the degree of dispersion is affected slightly, being within specification for paint category A. Figure 2: Viscosity to Differents Substitution Percentages Titanium Dioxide with Gelsil AS % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % Substitution 3/6

4 Figure 3: Variation on PVC according to Substitute Percentage of Titanium Dioxide with Gelsil AS % PVC % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % Substitution Figure 4: Dispersion to Different Substituition Percentages of Titanium Dioxide with Gelsil AS-150 Dispersion (Hegman) 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % Substituition Hiding Power, Gelsil AS-150 improves significantly the hiding power on paint. As it is showed in figure 5 the obtained results using Gelsil AS-150, provides a greater coating effect at less cost. Storage stability, after a long period of storage, the viscosity of emulsion paints with Gelsil AS-150 remains good, providing paint stability. 4/6

5 Figure 5: Hiding Power to Different Substitution Percentages of Titanium Dioxide with Gelsil AS-150 Hiding Pow er (%) % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% % Substitution 5. Influence of synthetic sodium aluminum silicate Gelsil AS-150 on Cost. Gelsil AS-150 offers significant cost saving since it provides equivalent hiding powers at lower substitution percentages compared to many competitive alternatives. Figure 6: Cost Saving Percentages % Cost Saving % AS150 15% AS % AS150 25% AS % AS150 % substitution Other advantages of Gelsil AS-150 Improves abrasion resistance. Gloss control. Texture control. Improve durability and scrubbing properties. 5/6

6 !" Physical Chemical Data Properties Unit Typical Values Method SiO 2 (Anhydrous) %. 82 MI BET Surface Area. m 2 /g 80 ISO Average Particle Size µm 6.0 Laser Diffraction Tapped Density g/l Max 160 ISO ph (5% water suspension) 10.5 ISO Ignition Loss at 1050 C % 8 ISO Moisture Loss at 105 C % 4.5 ISO Sieve Residue > 45 m % Max 0.1 ISO Linseed Oil Absorption ml/100 g SiO ISO Al 2O 3 % 9.5 MI Surface Treatment None _ Presentation & Storage 20 kg paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped. It must be stored in confined, dry and odorless places. The maximum length of storage time is up to one year. 6/6

7 Security & Cautions Physiological Effects: Non Toxic. During its use a dust mask must be wear, as it could irritate breathing system. GLASSVEN, C.A. is committed to assure the health, security and well being of its employees in the handling of chemical products in every step from manufacturing to distribution and until reaching the final customer. 7/6

8 ZONA IND SOCO C/LAS ROSAS Nª.24. LA VICTORIA - ARAGUA VENEZUELA TLF. ( ) FAX ( ) mercaglass@cantv.net GLASSVEN YANGZHONG SILICAS AND CHEMICALS J.V. LTD. CHANGWANG XI ROAD, YOUFANG TOWN, YANGZHONG CITY, JIANGSU PROVINCE, CHINA (212216) TLF. ( ) FAX ( ) yzglass@pub.zj.jsinfo.net 8/6