Photoresist and Process Issues on 193nm Immersion Lithography
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1 Photoresist and Process Issues on 193nm Immersion Lithography Jin-Young Yoon, Jung-Hwan Hah, Yun-Kyung Jang, Mitsuhiro Hata, Hyung-Rae Lee, Chan Hwang, Young-Jae Jung, Shi-Yong Lee, Yool Kang, Hyun-Woo Kim, Duck-Sun Yang, Joo-On Park, Suk-Joo Lee, Man-Hyoung Rhyoo, Sang-Jun Choi, Sang-Gyun Woo, Han-Ku Cho, Joo-Tae Moon Process Development Team Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd ~ nd international Symposium on 193nm Immersion Lithography 1/ total 1
2 Outline Background Motivation and objective Experimental procedure Mimic process Lithographic performance Compatibility with photoresist Leaching defectivity Immersion process Summary Acknowledgement 2/ total 2
3 Background By immersing lens into water, DOF increase or resolution enhancement can be obtained. ArF immersion lithography is believed to be primary candidate for sub-60nm device generation. Dry Wet Exposure latitude (%) nm LS simulated / 0.4 total Depth of focus (um) 3
4 Motivation and Objective To avoid degradation of pattern profile induced by water as immersion media, barrier coating or water resistant photoresist is required. Immersion media Leaching, water uptake pattern degradation exposed substrate Immersion media Barrier (topcoat) exposed substrate Immersion media substrate 4/ total 4
5 Experimental Design : Mimic Soaking step is inserted before or after exposure and compared to normal dry processed wafer in the view of pattern fidelity and defectivity, etc. Normal Coating Expose PEB DEV Pre-soak Post-soak Dual-soak Immersion 5/ total 5
6 Topcoat process Topcoat is effective to suppress leaching and conventional photoresist can be extended. Normal Soak 10s Soak 30s Soak 60s pattern degradation due to leaching Some topcoats show good compatibility with conventional dry photoresists. PR only Topcoat A Topcoat B Topcoat C 6/ total 6
7 Soaking Defectivity Topcoats can prevent defects generated by leaching. Defectivity in topcoat process is dependent on compatibility with photoresist and barrier property. PR only PR+TC Soaking defect free Dry Soak Dry Soak Soaking defects ~ watermark, T-top, u-bridge 7/ total 7
8 Screen by defectivity Defectivity of dry and mimic process using topcoat reflects the compatibility of topcoats with photoresists and barrier properties to water. Topcoat 1 Topcoat 2 Topcoat 3 Topcoat 4 Dry Interaction Interaction Soak 8/ total Water barrier 8
9 Litho performances Current immersion dedicated photoresists show good lithographic performances comparing conventional ArF photoresists used in dry process. EL 3sigma LWR EL ±8% CD (%) / total Ref A B C D E F G H I s-LWR (nm) Resist 9
10 Effect of leaching CD and profile of photoresist are affected by soaking. Comparing CD variations and LWR(3s) of dry and mimic processes, leaching characteristics can be measured. Width CD (nm) dry pre60 post60 dual60 Range* Dry Pre-soak Postsoak 10/ total Space (nm) Max-Min (nm) 10
11 Defectivity w/o topcoat Immersion dedicated photoresists show little change in defectivity by soaking. Watermarks or water stains can be observed randomly. Immersion dedicated Mimic Dry Conventional 2nd International Symposium on Immersion Lithography 11/ total 11
12 Compatibility w/ topcoat Immersion dedicated photoresist show good compatibility with topcoats as for defectivity and lithographic performance. With topcoat Mimic Dry PR only 2nd International Symposium on Immersion Lithography 12/ total 12
13 Process Windows With identical numerical aperture, DoF gain is about 75% in immersion process comparing dry exposure. Dry Wet 13/ total 2nd International Symposium on Immersion Lithography 13
14 Defectivity Immersion defectivity is resembled with mimic process except bubbles in actual immersion process. Bubble defects seem to be dependent on surface property and immersion hood configuration. Dry Mimic Immersion Bubbles and watermarks observed in immersion process 14/ total 14
15 Hydrophobicity Surface property is another key to control immersion defectivity. Contact angles and sliding angles were measured for various topcoats and photoresists. They will be correlated to actual immersion defectivity Sliding Angle / total Contact Angle 15
16 Summary Various topcoats and photoresists have been evaluated using mimic process. Mimic is usable to measure barrier properties of topcoats and interaction with underlying photoresists. By adopting topcoats, leaching can be suppressed effectively. Defectivity of topcoat process is dependent on the compatibility with photoresist and barrier property to water. From soaking defectivity, some of topcoats show good compatibility and water resistance. Immersion dedicated photoresists also show good lithographic performances and lower defectivity. Lithographic performances have been proved using actual immersion tool. Depth of focus is dramatically enhanced and there is little change of defectivity comparing mimic process. Bubble defects are still observed in current immersion hood and study on other defects are on-going. 16/ total 16
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