Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion
|
|
- Kevin Howard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand* Institute of Plastics Processing at RWTH Aachen University (IKV), Seffenter Weg 201, 52074, Aachen, Germany ABSTRACT Extruded foam sheets of low densities in combination with a homogenous distribution of fine-celled bubbles show a wavy pattern transverse to the machine direction. This effect known as corrugation is systematically investigated in a long-term research project at the IKV. The aim of the project is to determine the process and foam parameters which lead to corrugation and thereafter develop strategies to minimise the corrugation in foam extrusion. In this paper, the research project is presented and first results of the investigations are discussed. INTRODUCTION Foam sheets made of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) with different thicknesses and densities are commonly used in the building and construction industries, for packaging and in the automotive sector (1,2). In general, these products are manufactured in a foam extrusion process with physical blowing agents. As physical blowing agents, alkenes series, partially halogenated hydrocarbons and increasingly inert gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) are used. However, for CO 2 and N 2 being the cheapest and environmentally friendliest blowing agents, the processing of these inert gases is combined with an extra effort. Due to their lack of solubility in most of the plastic melts, high process pressures are necessary to solve a sufficient amount of physical blowing agent in the melt. Furthermore CO 2 and N 2 show a higher coefficient of diffusion due to their low molecular size. In the foam extrusion process, an instant pressure drop in the extrusion die leads to an oversaturation of the physical blowing agent in the melt and initiates the nucleating phase in which tiny nuclei are formed. These nuclei continue *Tel: +49 (0) ; Fax: +49 (0) ; hildebrand@ikv.rwth-aachen.de Smithers Rapra Technology, 2010 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
2 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand their growth to cells by the diffusion of the physical blowing agent from the surrounding areas of nuclei and lead to the final foam structure. The speed of nucleating and cell growth is therefore highly dependent on the coefficient of diffusion. Having a rather high coefficient of diffusion in comparison to other physical blowing agents, CO 2 as a blowing agent is quite difficult to handle due to the rapid foaming process. Generally, the foaming process can be described as a three-dimensional growth of cells in a plastic melt. Especially for foamed sheets with low densities and a fine-celled foam structure, the expansion of the sheets is restricted by the edges which results in a wavy pattern transverse to the machine direction (3). Yet, the so-called corrugation has not been entirely investigated scientifically and is therefore subject in a current research project at the Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV). To encounter the corrugation, some efforts and developments have been made in the past and can be classified in the following categories (Figure 1): die design, plastic material and process parameters. Therefore, the fact whether corrugation appears or not is a combination of the process parameters, the plastic material and the die design and shall be highlighted in the next chapter. Figure 1. Influences on corrugation in sheet extrusion 302 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
3 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion STRATEGIES TO REDUCE/ELIMINATE CORRUGATION IN FOAM SHEET EXTRUSION Die Design The increase in volume due to the expansion is accommodated naturally in the thickness direction and by adjusting the take-off speed in the machine direction. The influence of edges of the extrusion die acts to confine the polymer transverse to the machine direction. As a result, expansion in the cross-machine direction forces the foam into the wavy pattern known as corrugation. Today, in the commercial production of foam sheets with low densities annular dies are used instead of slit dies (4). With these dies, the increase in sheet width is transformed into an increase in circumference (Figure 2). Furthermore the increase in circumference is supported through a downstream cooling mandrel on which the foamed tube is stretched over and has to be set up in diameter to match the expansion rate (5). A further reduction of corrugation can be achieved by extruding the polymer melt at a radial exit angle from the horizontal, which depends on the foaming properties such as expansion ratio and material properties. PE and PP e.g. expand very rapidly and are extruded with an exit angle of around 80. Annular dies allow extrusion of very wide sheets in a controlled small-dimensioned die configuration. With this die design, corrugation can be reduced significantly. Nevertheless, low-density foams with a fine-celled foam structure still show corrugation when extruded through an annular die. If the foam is sufficiently pliable such as PS, corrugation can further be reduced by ironing out the wavy patterns with downstream processing equipment. For olefinic foams, the corrugations remain in the final sheets, especially for PE and PP foamed with CO 2 leading to an inhomogeneous foam structure (4). Figure 2. Reduction of corrugation through die design Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
4 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand PLASTIC MATERIAL Another approach to reduce corrugation is the modification of the plastic material. Common commercial grades which are used for foam extrusion must have certain properties such as good melt strength and high melt viscosity. A fairly high viscosity of the melt is needed to achieve a stable foam structure as quick as possible after exiting the die. The high melt strength is required to prevent cell walls from rupture in the foaming process. Sabic Europe B.V., Geleen, The Netherlands, developed a special ultra melt strength polyethylene (2202 UMS), which has the same MFR (2.0 g/10 min) and density as a commercial conventional foam grade (2102 TX00). The ultra melt strength material shows an increase in viscosity at processing temperatures, which results in a stiffer material that can avoid the appearance of corrugation (Figure 3). The advantages of 2202 UMS over conventional LDPE grades having similar melt indices and densities are seen in the following disciplines (6) : delayed foaming leading to better control of the expansion process higher melt strength leading to less corrugation better temperature resistance leading to less collapse wider operating window at the die better foaming. i.e., less gas dosing required to reach the same density smaller cell size which means savings on nucleating agent stiffer foams which means better strength properties no change in process ability, output as reference material The advantages as far as corrugation is concerned are shown in Figure 4. The results were obtained on thin foam sheets in a density range of kg/m 3, foamed with CO 2 as physical blowing agent under constant process parameters. Process Parameters Regarding the process parameters only few investigations have been published. Generally, it is mentioned that a low density combined with a fine-celled foam structure leads to corrugation. Especially with the use of CO 2, corrugation appears due to the rapid and strong foaming behaviour. Less corrugation can be obtained with mixtures of CO 2 with other physical blowing agents like pentane (7,8). Another approach is using mixtures of endothermic blowing agents 304 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
5 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion Figure 3. Increase of viscosity through modified plastic material [Sabic Europe B.V.] Figure 4. Reduction of corrugation through modified plastic material [Sabic Europe B.V.] Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
6 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand and CO 2 (9). These guidelines apply to foam extrusion of PS. For the extrusion of PE or PP, no references could be found. Therefore, a research project was initiated to investigate the corrugation for PE foams foamed with CO 2. AIM AND SCOPE OF WORK OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT The aim of the research project is to minimise corrugation in thermoplastic foam sheet extrusion. To achieve this aim, appropriate die exit angles, an adjusted application of cooling air and optimised process parameters are essential parts of the investigation. The project is divided into three major steps. In the first step, the foaming behaviour is investigated using different nozzle diameters and varying the process parameters. As a result, knowledge about the speed of the foaming process is gained. Furthermore, the degree of foaming will be correlated with the process parameters and the physical blowing agent conversion factor will be determined. In the second step, foam sheets will be extruded with different recipes (percentage of nucleating agent and physical blowing agent) and different die pressures. Also, the influence of different radial exit angles and different mass flows of cooling air is part of the trials. In the third part of the project, the results of the first two steps are combined and an analytical model will be set up to predict corrugation. In the next chapters, results of the first part of the research project are presented. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The tests were carried out on a 60 mm single screw extruder (L/D = 40) with a CO 2 direct gassing unit (Figure 5). As polymer a PE-LD (2102 TX00) from Figure 5. Experimental setup for characterising the foaming behaviour 306 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
7 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion Sabic Europe B.V., Geleen, The Netherlands, and as nucleating agent an active nucleating agent (Hydrocerol CF40 E) from Clariant Masterbatches Deutschland GmbH was used. The throughput of the material was varied in two levels (10 kg/h and 15 kg/h). At the exit of the extruder, a nozzle was installed. The last part of the extrusion die was designed as an adapter which allows a quick change of nozzles with different diameters. For the trials, three different diameters were investigated (4, 5 and 6 mm). All nozzles have an angle of 0 in machine direction. An overview over the conducted trials is given in Table 1. Table 1. Varied process parameters Throughput 10 kg/h 15 kg/h Nozzle diameter 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm Physical blowing agent (CO 2 ) 0.6 wt.% 0.8 wt.% 1.0 wt.% Nucleating agent 0.3 wt.% 0.5 wt.% 0.7 wt.% After the exit of the die, a conveyor belt with a Teflon finish has been placed to prevent the foamed rod from sagging under the influence of gravity. To observe the foaming behaviour, a camera system has been installed over the conveyor belt. Furthermore, a bright diffuse light source was mounted over the conveyor belt to be independent on the lighting situation and acquire images of repetitious accuracy. For the analysis of the foaming behaviour, a software has been developed. The software uses algorithms to detect the edges of the foamed rod giving the diameter at preset distance steps (Figure 6). The data can be imported into common spreadsheet programs for further analysis. Figure 6. Evaluation of foaming process through software analysis Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
8 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand RESULTS In the trials, the foaming behaviour has been investigated and analysed with the developed software. On the left side of Figure 7, the expansion of the foamed rod is displayed for the central point of the investigations. It displays the development of the diameter of the foamed rod in relation to the distance from the exit of the die. On the one hand, it clearly shows the correlation of rod diameter and weight percentage of physical blowing agent which increases with rising amounts of blowing agent. On the other hand, it shows the increasing foaming velocity with higher amounts of blowing agent. A better view on the velocity is displayed on the right side of Figure 7. Here, the maximum rod diameter is drawn over different sized nozzles against varied concentrations Figure 7. Development of rod diameter after the exit of the die 308 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
9 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion of blowing agents. The point of maximum diameter after the exit of the die is far more dependent on the concentration of blowing agent than the diameter of the nozzle. In Figure 8, the density is displayed against the diameter of the nozzle for varied concentrations of CO 2. Two effects can be observed. Switching from the 4 mm nozzle to the 5 mm nozzle goes along with an decrease of density. A further increase in the nozzle diameter, however, leads to a slight increase in density. This can be explained by the means of cell collapse. With increasing nozzle diameter, the foamed rod diameter also increases which reduces the heat dissipation and therefore the foam stabilisation. The other effect can be observed for the 1.0 wt.% of CO 2. For the 4 mm nozzle, a higher density is achieved in comparison to the other concentrations of CO 2. Here the CO 2 diffuses out of the melt more rapidly due to the higher amount and pressure in the foam cells. This again leads to collapse of the cells resulting in a higher density. This effect can be underlined by microscopy images of the foam structures presented in Figure 9. An increasing amount of blowing agent results in a gain of the rod diameter and the cell sizes. After a critical concentration is exceeded, the quick diffusion process outweighs the heat dissipation. So the foamed rod gets unstable and the cells collapse. This effect is also visible through to shrunken outline of the foam sample in Figure 9c. Figure 8. Foam density vs. percentage of physical blowing agent Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
10 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand Figure 9. Microscopy image of the foam structures for different blowing agent concentrations NEXT STEPS In the next step, foam sheets will be extruded. Therefore, the process parameters of the first step are kept constant to assure comparability. As extrusion die, an annular die will be used. The foamed sheet will be automatically measured in thickness over the whole width. A special measuring device allows the detection of corrugations as shown in Figure 10. As a conclusion, the results of the experiments are combined to develop a model that will predict the conditions leading to corrugation. This model can be used for die design and as a guideline for the right choice of process parameters. Since for other plastic materials different parameters are expected, the model will be tested for other materials and will be continuously extended. Figure 10. Measured corrugation of PE foam sheets 310 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
11 Investigation of the Corrugation in Foam Sheet Extrusion SUMMARY In a current research project at the IKV, the effect of corrugation in thermoplastic foam sheet extrusion is examined. The main influences on corrugation and existing solutions to minimise corrugation have been listed. Thereafter, first results of the foaming behaviour of a common PE-LD type foamed with CO 2 are presented. In the investigations, a new analysis system has been developed and established which allows a software analysis of the diameter of the foamed rod after exiting the die. It could be shown that with increasing amount of injected blowing agent, the distance from the die exit to the maximum diameter of the foamed rod decreases. Furthermore, a higher amount of blowing agent leads to an increase in diameter of the foamed rod. Considering the densities of the foamed rods, it could be shown that after a critical amount of blowing agent has been exceeded, an increase in the density is detected. This goes along with the analysis of the foam structure, which reveals smaller cell sizes for higher amounts of blowing agents and a shrunken outline of the foamed rod. Based on these elementary experiments further trials will be conducted. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research project No N of the Forschungsvereinigung Kunststoffverarbeitung is sponsored as part of the Industrielle Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF) by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) through the AiF, to whom we extend our thanks. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of Sabic Europe B.V. and Clariant Masterbatches GmbH for the donation of raw material for this investigation. REFERENCES 1. Kropp D., Thermoplastische Schaumstoffe - Verarbeitungstechnik und Prozessanalyse, 5, Aachen Germany, (2003), Institut für Kunststoffverarbeitung (IKV). 2. Stadelbauer M., Thermoplastische Schaumstoffe - Verarbeitungstechnik und Möglichkeiten der Prozessanalyse, 4, Aachen, Germany, (2004), Institut für Kunststoffverarbeitung (IKV). 3. Sansone L.F., Foam Extrusion, Lancaster (PA), US, (2000). 4. Throne J.L., Thermoplastic foam extrusion, An introduction, Munich Germany, (2004). Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5,
12 Walter Michaeli and Tilo Hildebrand 5. Breuer H., Plastverarbeiter 10 (1976), Krist J., Kunstoffschäume Neues aus Spritzgießen und Extrusion, 5, Aachen, Germany, (2008), Institut für Kunststoffverarbeitung. 7. Shah B.H., US Patent 5,411,683, (1995). 8. Johnson D.E., Krutchen C.M., and Sharps V., US Patent 4,424,287, (1984). 9. Welsh G.C., Lee K.C., and Dalke D., US Patent 5,340,844 (1994). 312 Cellular Polymers, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010
www.reedychemicalfoam.com FOAMS 2016 Kinetic Nucleators maximize cell distribution in foam extrusion September 14-15, 2016 2 1. Why Use Chemical Foam? 2. CFA types 3. Modern CFA Expectations 4. Nucleation
More informationCost savings and quality improvements in plastics processing
mixing nozzles Cost savings and quality improvements in plastics processing melt Blenders Foam extrusion systems melt Coolers trust the leader Mixing nozzles and static Mixers for injection Molding Mixing
More informationColour and Additive Preparations. for Extruded Polyolefin Foams
Colour and Additive Preparations for Extruded Polyolefin Foams COLOUR AND ADDITIVE PREPARATION FOR EXTRUDED POLYOLEFIN FOAMS ADDITIVES for POLYOLEFIN FOAM HP 73940 FR Flame retardant masterbatch for LDPE-films,
More informationKEY COM PONENTS FOR PLASTICS PROCESSING MIXING. FOAMING. COOLING.
KEY COM PONENTS FOR PLASTICS PROCESSING MIXING. FOAMING. COOLING. MIXING NOZZLES AND STATIC MIXERS FOR INJECTION MOLDING MIXING NOZZLES AND STATIC MIXERS FOR INJECTION MOLDING HOW YOU BENEFIT TWICE WITH
More informationCOMPARISON OF CAST FILM AND BLOWN FILM 9 - LAYER BARRIER FILM
COMPARISON OF CAST FILM AND BLOWN FILM 9 - LAYER BARRIER FILM Gerhard Winkler Windmöller & Hölscher / Germany ABSTRACT Above-average growth rates in the field of cast film production and stretch film,
More informationSustainability through Hydrocerol PAM-2016
Sustainability through Hydrocerol PAM-2016 Dr.Mahesh Dhekane BU Masterbatches Head of PM Additives- Region IMEA 09.12.2016 2 CONTENTS Company profile What is Sustainability Challenging needs and Solutions
More informationHigh Melt Strength Polypropylene
High Melt Strength Polypropylene Polypropylene benefits combined with high melt strength open doors for many applications High Melt Strength Polypropylene Features and Benefits High melt strength and extensibility
More informationDevelopment of Advanced Structural Foam Injection Molding. Kye Kim. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Development of Advanced Structural Foam Injection Molding Kye Kim A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF APPLIED SCIENCE Supervisor: Park, C.B. Department
More informationChemical Foaming Alternatives to Azodicarbonamide
Chemical Foaming Alternatives to Azodicarbonamide 2 Foaming Agents What are they and how do you use them? CFA Endothermic & Exothermic Challenges - Regulatory and Technical Case Study: PP Foam Cellular
More information3.5.7 Flow Through Simple Dies
152 3 Fundamentals of Polymers isothermal spinning of a Newtonian fluid and predicted the critical draw ratio of 20.210. Below the critical draw ratio, any disturbance along the filament is dampened out
More informationFlexible manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic structures using the inline impregnation technique
Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, 67, No. 3, 2014, pp. 146 150 Flexible manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic structures using the inline impregnation technique M. Hildebrandt, Ch. Hopmann,
More informationEFFECT OF PRE-CROSS-LINKING ON MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID SILICONE RUBBER AND ITS PROCESSABILITY IN EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING
EFFECT OF PRE-CROSS-LINKING ON MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID SILICONE RUBBER AND ITS PROCESSABILITY IN EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hopmann and Sarah Schäfer, M.Eng.,
More informationAdditive and Colour Preparations. for Extruded Polystyrene Foams
Additive and Colour Preparations for Extruded Polystyrene Foams Additive and Colour Preparations ADDITIVE AND COLOUR PREPARATION FOR EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAMS ADDITIVES for EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAM (XPS)
More informationEndex Foam Extrusion General Information Guide
Endex International Innovation for the Future Endex Foam Extrusion General Information Guide Section 01 - Foam Extrusion Foam extrusion, in simple terms, consists of mixing a chemical foaming agent with
More informationStreamoulding of PVC. Giza 41. As mentioned in section 2.1.1, PAs are critical in the foaming process of PVC [10]
Streamoulding of PVC 1 Experimental 1.1 Materials BH-04 3 grades of UPVC were used and are shown in Table 3.1. These grades were pelletized and are generally used for injection moulding in building products.
More informationBlown Film Lines with water cooling
EXTRUSION LINES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Laboratory machines for the processing of polymers Blown Film Lines with water cooling The new and reliable system for the production of sterile multi-layer-tubes
More informationS uccessful introduction of a new film. Rapid Analysis of. Film Properties. on Pilot Lines
Optimised pilot line: Modular design for use as a blown film (above) or flat film system (below). The 3-layer coextrusion system with increased take-off speed (blown film system: up to 50 m/min, flat film
More informationExtrusion Foam Coating of Coaxial Cables using Chemical Blowing Agent
Extrusion Foam Coating of Coaxial Cables using Chemical Blowing Agent M. Nazari Marvian, A.H. Behravesh and M. Golzar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,
More informationTechnical and commercial considerations p. 1 Introduction p. 1 General considerations p. 1 Rigid containers p. 1 Caps, lids, closures and devices p.
Technical and commercial considerations p. 1 Introduction p. 1 General considerations p. 1 Rigid containers p. 1 Caps, lids, closures and devices p. 2 Blow-moulded containers p. 2 Flexible packaging p.
More informationInjection moulding of lightweight parts. Technological highlights and innovative applications
Injection moulding of lightweight parts www.arburg.com Technological highlights and innovative applications Injection moulding of lightweight parts What is that? Reduction in part weight Combining new
More informationPLASTINUM Foam Injection Moulding solutions.
PLASTINUM Foam Injection Moulding solutions. Combining the benefits of chemical foaming with the efficiency gains of physical foaming. 02 03 Injection moulding machines Big bag with plastic granulate electric
More information! "! "" # 1
! "! "" # www.stamixco.com 1 Static Mixing Technology For Extrusion and Injection Molding Presented by Gottlieb Schneider StaMixCo Technology Ltd. CH-8474 Dinhard / SWITZERLAND www.stamixco.com 2 Content
More informationPhysical Foaming vs. Chemical Foaming
Physical Foaming vs. Chemical Foaming The Foaming Market: The foam injection molding market can be separated into high pressure foam molding and low pressure foam molding. In general, low pressure foam
More informationPROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE CELLULAR PRODUCTS MADE BY USING SPECIAL FOAMING AGENTS
PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF THE CELLULAR PRODUCTS MADE BY USING SPECIAL FOAMING AGENTS Tomasz Garbacz 1, Ludmila Dulebova 2 1 Lublin University of Technology, Department of Polymer Processing,
More informationEffect of Geometry and Rotational Speed on the Axial Pressure Profile of a Single Screw Extrusion
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. Issue, January. Effect of Geometry and Rotational Speed on the Axial Pressure Profile of a Single Screw Extrusion W.E.
More informationThickness Uniformity of Double Bubble Tubular Film Process for Producing Biaxially Oriented PA 6 Film
FILM M. Takashige 1 *, T. Kanai 2, T. Yamada 3 1 Idemitsu Unitech Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan 2 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan 3 Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan Thickness Uniformity of
More informationRheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE. Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT
Rheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT LDPE from high-pressure autoclave reactors for extrusion
More informationEXTRUSION FOAMING OF POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE) USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. fax:
EXTRUSION FOAMING OF POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE) USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE Laetitia Urbanczyk 1*, Cédric Calberg 2, Michael Alexandre 1, Christine Jerome 1 and Christophe Detrembleur 1 1 Center
More informationFOAM PERFORMANCE OF A NEW HMS-PP
FOAM PERFORMANCE OF A NEW HMS-PP Marcelo Farah* (1), Ana Paula de Azeredo (1), Steven M. Krupinski (2) and Kimberly M. McLoughlin (2) 1) Polymer Science, Braskem SA, Triunfo, RS, Brazil 2) Product Development,
More informationLarge plastic pipe technology. Large diameter pressure pipe. up to DN/ID 5000 mm
Large plastic pipe technology Large diameter pressure pipe up to DN/ID 5000 mm Powerful and designed according to YOUR specifications Large diameter pressure pipes No sagging and less wallthickness saves
More informationPEarlene* SiPP MB05. Technical Data Sheet
Technical Data Sheet PEarlene* SiPP MB05 Description PEarlene silicone gum containing masterbatches provide improved processability (extrusion rate, mold fill and power consumption) and performance (mar
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDED MICROCELLULAR POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDED MICROCELLULAR POLYPROPYLENE (PP)/CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE P.Selvakumar and Naresh Bhatnagar * Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute
More informationLIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION. Light work: using innovative processes to produce innovative products
LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION Light work: using innovative processes to produce innovative products PROBLEM SOLVERS Reducing costs, increasing efficiency and protecting resources. With innovative injection
More informationMany processors around the globe are improving their productivity by using Supernova for colour and material changeovers.
SUPERNOVA Supernova from PTS is the state-of-the-art, high-performance, odourless chemical cleaning compound for all thermoplastic process equipment available in concentrate or ready-to-use form. Supernova
More informationLightweighting strategies with Chemical Foaming of thermoplastic parts in Automotive Applications
Lightweighting strategies with Chemical Foaming of thermoplastic parts in Automotive Applications MATERIAUTECH LYON 30 TH JUNE 2015 Xavier Clément Clariant Masterbatches Automotive Europe 30.06.2015 2
More informationLighten Up HYDROCEROL
Lighten Up Chemical Foaming and Nucleating Agents Bringing life to plastics and plastics to life. Clariant Masterbatches is recognized worldwide as the leader in color and additive solutions for the plastics
More informationAdvances in Twin Screw Compounding Technology
Advances in Twin Screw Compounding Technology Extrusion technology from micro to production scale Ing. Manfred Dobersberger 19.08.2011 Labor- and Pilotanlagen für die Kunststoffverarbeitung, Dr. Collin
More informationProcessing Guide CONTENTS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SAFETEY GUIDELINES EQUIPMENT PROCESSING o INJECTION MOLDING GENERAL CONDITIONS START UP MOLD FILLING DRYING REGRIND SHRINKAGE o DESIGN RUNNERS AND GATES VENTING MOLD SURFACES EJECTION
More informationPARTICLE-FOAM COMPOSITE INJECTION MOLDING
PARTICLE-FOAM COMPOSITE INJECTION MOLDING Thorsten Krumpholz, Sven Staperfeld, Jan-Gerd Pennekamp, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Germany Abstract In the Particle-foam Composite Injection Molding
More informationzahnrad_neu_gb :46 Uhr Seite 1 Gear Pumps
Gear Pumps Kreyenborg Gear Pumps - An Addition to our Range The best guarantee for continuous and economic machine performance is a closed loop system with well-matched units. The Kreyenborg system, right
More informationExamination of the Performance of a High Speed Single Screw Extruder for Several Different Extrusion Applications
Examination of the Performance of a High Speed Single Screw Extruder for Several Different Extrusion Applications Modified on Monday, 04 May 2015 10:19 PM by mpieler Categorized as: Paper of the Month
More informationExtending the Processing Window of Ca/Zn-stabilised PVC Window Profiles by the Use of Metallocene Waxes
Window of Ca/Zn-stabilised PVC Window Profiles by the, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH / Gersthofen 10 th PVC Conference / Brighton Dome 22 nd -24 th April 2008 Overview Comparison of polyolefin waxes
More informationA new introduction to Chemical Blowing Agents - A lean method for creating cellular structures in thermoplastic injection and extrusion molding
Speaker: Peter Schroeck President & CEO A new introduction to Chemical Blowing Agents - A lean method for creating cellular structures in thermoplastic injection and extrusion molding Reedy International
More informationMethods of manufacture
1 Methods of manufacture For Ceramics (see (b)) Crush raw materials Shape the crushed raw materials (various means) Dry & fire Apply finishing operations, as needed; to achieve required dimensional tolerances
More informationT he cost-effectiveness of a pipe extrusion. The 36D Process Concept Opens up New Potential
The 36D Process Concept Opens up New Potential Pipe Extrusion. Anew process concept increases the melt throughput and therefore the productivity of single-screw extruders. At the same time, thermal and
More informationINVERSED COOLING CHANNEL DESIGN FOR INJECTION MOULDS BASED ON LOCAL COOLING DEMAND AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES
INVERSED COOLING CHANNEL DESIGN OR INJECTION MOULDS BASED ON LOCAL COOLING DEMAND AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hopmann and Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Philipp Nikoleizig Institute of Plastics
More informationBLOW MOULDING. Blow moulding is a process used to produce hollow objects from thermoplastic.
1 BLOW MOULDING Blow moulding is a process used to produce hollow objects from thermoplastic. The basic blow moulding process has two fundamental phases. First, a parison (or a preform) of hot plastic
More informationThe influence of carbon black types on the processability of Rubber Compounds in green tires
APPLICATION NOTE The influence of carbon black types on the processability of Rubber Compounds in green tires No. LR-82 Author Matthias Jährling Thermo Fisher Scientific, Karlsruhe, Germany Up to 15 percent
More informationUnit 156: Polymer Manufacturing Processes
Unit 156: Polymer Manufacturing Processes Unit code J/615/3315 Unit level 4 Credit value 15 Aim This unit is designed to develop students knowledge and understanding of the main manufacturing processes
More informationINNOVATIVE FOAMING TECHNOLOGIES
INNOVATIVE FOAMING TECHNOLOGIES Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2002 Heidelberg, Germany By Michael E. Reedy, President Reedy International Corporation INTRODUCTION Many new innovative technologies
More informationJoncryl ADR Functional Additives. Functional Additives. Polymeric Chain Extender for Food Contact Applications. Technical Information Joncryl
Technical Information Joncryl Technical Information Joncryl TI / EV/BX 001 e March 2014 TI / EV/BX 001 e March 2014 Page 1 of 6 Page 1 of 6 Functional Additives Functional Additives Joncryl is a registered
More informationInjection Molding Fall 2002 Professor Tim Gutowski
Injection Molding 2.810 Fall 2002 Professor Tim Gutowski Short history of plastics 1862 first synthetic plastic 1866 Celluloid 1891 Rayon 1907 Bakelite 1913 Cellophane 1926 PVC 1933 Polyethylene 1938 Teflon
More informationCo-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder Herausgegeben von Klemens Kohlgrüber
Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder Herausgegeben von Klemens Kohlgrüber ISBN-10: 3-446-41372-3 ISBN-13: 978-3-446-41372-6 Leseprobe Weitere Informationen oder Bestellungen unter http://www.hanser.de/978-3-446-41372-6
More informationFILM SERIES SHREDDER-FEEDER-EXTRUDER COMBINATION E:GRAN.
FILM SERIES SHREDDER-FEEDER-EXTRUDER COMBINATION E:GRAN > ONE-STEP Technology > High Performance for a small floor space requirement > One-button automatic On/Off control > For automatic inline production
More informationIndustrial aspects of polymer processing
Course MP10 Lecture 2 Industrial aspects of polymer processing Ben, I just want to say one word to you, just one word plastics Dr James Elliott 2.1 General model of polymer processing Overview of the various
More informationSolutionProvider. Donglin Chem
HMW Processing Aid PVC Foam Regulator Melt Strength and Melt Elasticity are Two critical elements that are critical in the development of an effective rigid cellular foam PVC formula. When the balance
More informationUNiVeRSAl SeRieS SHReddeR-FeedeR-exTRUdeR COmBiNATiON S:GRAN.
UNiVeRSAl SeRieS SHReddeR-FeedeR-exTRUdeR COmBiNATiON S:GRAN > ONe-STeP technology > Process bulky plastic scrap > One-button automatic On/Off control > dump and RUN operation www.ngr.at TeCHNOlOGY THe
More informationIN-line. thermoforming system. More than just fast: Reliable
IN-line thermoforming system INTEC 500/700/900/1000/1100 serie Complete IN-LINE plants for cups, plates and yogurt pots INTEC: High EFFICIENCY - High quality More than just fast: Reliable the IN-line process
More informationJUST ADD LIQUID Quick guide to ColorMatrix liquid color for plastics and silicones
JUST ADD LIQUID Quick guide to ColorMatrix liquid color for plastics and silicones THE RIGHT COLORANT FOR YOU Understanding which colorant technology best suits your particular product application will
More informationIN-LINE THERMOFORMING MACHINES. Complete turn key IN-LINE installations. from material handling through to boxing units of finished products
IN-LINE THERMOFORMING MACHINES Complete turn key IN-LINE installations from material handling through to boxing units of finished products More than just fast: Reliable the IN LINE process IN LINE technology
More informationIN-LINE THERMOFORMING MACHINES. Complete turn key IN-LINE installations. from material handling through to boxing units of finished products
IN-LINE THERMOFORMING MACHINES Complete turn key IN-LINE installations from material handling through to boxing units of finished products More than just fast: Reliable the IN LINE process IN LINE technology
More informationUltra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) UTEC is the trade name of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) developed and produced by Braskem with its own catalyst and production
More informationWidely accepted for use in polyethylene film applications that involve food contact see Food Contact Acceptability section.
Technical Data Sheet Silquest* PA-1 Silquest* PA-1 Description Silquest PA-1 organosilicone is an additive acceptable at trace level for food contact; it is used to enhance the extrudability of high-viscosity
More informationPROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. 199 PLASTICS RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING Menlo Park, California 94025 (January 1992) In the rapidly growing business
More informationFoaming Polystyrene with Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and HFC-134a
Foaming Polystyrene with Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and HFC-134a Foaming Polystyrene with Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and HFC-134a Caroline Vachon * and Richard Gendron Industrial Materials Institute, National
More informationCOMPARISON OF BOTTLE WALL THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION OBTAIN IN REAL MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS AND IN ANSYS POLYFLOW SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
COMPARISON OF BOTTLE WALL THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION OBTAIN IN REAL MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS AND IN ANSYS POLYFLOW SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT Karol Pepliński, Arkadiusz Mozer Bydgoszcz University of Technology
More informationProcessing of Non- Metals Prof. Dr. Inderdeep Singh Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Processing of Non- Metals Prof. Dr. Inderdeep Singh Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 4 Plastics: Properties and Processing Lecture -
More informationGROOVED FEED SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS - IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCING VISCOUS HEATING EFFECTS
GROOVED FEED SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS - IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCING VISCOUS HEATING EFFECTS Bruce A. Davis*, Paul J. Gramann*, Maria Del P. Noriega E.**, and Tim A. Osswald** **Polymer Processing
More informationFILM SERIES CHOPPER-FEEDER-EXTRUDER COMBINATION E:GRAN
FILM SERIES CHOPPER-FEEDER-EXTRUDER COMBINATION E:GRAN > ONE-STEP Technology > High Performance for a small floor space requirement > One-button automatic On/Off control > For automatic inline production
More informationTHERMOPLASTIC MANHOLES FOR AND OUT OF LARGE DIAMETER PIPES
THERMOPLASTIC MANHOLES FOR AND OUT OF LARGE DIAMETER PIPES Introduction: Manholes are, beside pipes and fittings, an essential element of underground pipe-systems. They are used for maintenance and the
More informationProducing Foam Sheet using Extrusion
Producing Foam Sheet using Extrusion Compiler: R V Malik-CEO Malik Engineers, Mumbai Assisted by: Mr. Jitendra Malik (T.E Mechanical) Rizvi College, Mumbai-400050 Uses of Foam sheet Foam sheet produced
More informationTHE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME Warden Plastics Established since 1957, Warden has always been at the forefront of plastic injectionmoulding and extrusion, serving a diverse range of industries. Warden s initial
More informationInfluence of extrusion coating processing conditions on structure and tensile properties of some polyethylene grades
ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 1, 22 Influence of extrusion coating processing conditions on structure and tensile properties of some polyethylene grades Nils Toft and Mikael
More informationAPPLICATION Additive in polypropylene-compatible systems. TYPICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
Product Information Plastics DOW CORNING MB5 2 Masterbatch FEATURES Imparts processing improvements and modified surface characteristics BENEFITS Improved throughput Reduced energy consumption Enhanced
More informationUltra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Characteristics.... High impact strength Low coefficient of friction High abrasion resistance Chemical resistance injection blow extrusion UHMWPE H = 100~
More informationCalcium Carbonate in Blown HDPE Film
Calcium Carbonate in Blown HDPE Film New Developments to Increase Productivity and Profitability by Gil Morieras - Marketing Manager Polyolefines (Omya) and Dr. Gerard Schaeffer (GS Technology) Many interesting
More informationRheological characterization of polystyrene melts dissolved with supercritical nitrogen fluid during microcellular injection moulding
e-polymers 200, no. 28 http://www.e-polymers.org ISSN 68-7229 Rheological characterization of polystyrene melts dissolved with supercritical nitrogen fluid during microcellular injection moulding Shia-Chung
More informationSMS group PLASTICS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY PIPE EXTRUSION PLANTS
SMS group PIPEInstalaciones extrusion plants de PLASTICS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Automation 4 5 Single screw extruder 6 Twin screw extruder 7 PO dies 8 9 PVC dies
More informationPREPARED BY: DR. RAHIMAH OTHMAN FOOD ENGINEERING (ERT 426) SEMESTER 1 ACADEMIC SESSION 2016/17
1 PREPARED BY: DR. RAHIMAH OTHMAN FOOD ENGINEERING (ERT 426) SEMESTER 1 ACADEMIC SESSION 2016/17 SUBTOPICS 2 1. Introduction 2. Basic Principles of Extrusion 3. Extrusion System 3.1 Cold Extrusion 3.2
More informationRole of on-line gauging systems in providing insights into the Web Coating process
Role of on-line gauging systems in providing insights into the Web Coating process Tan Srinivasan Thermo Fisher Scientific Abstract On-line gauging Systems provide timely and valuable insights into the
More informationPROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. FOAMED PLASTICS (January 1984) 97A SRI INTERNATIONAL Menlo Park, California 94025 Foamed plastics comprise a broad group of cellular
More informationExtrusion. Key Issues to Address. Lecture 2. Process. Process Variants. Process Analysis. Problem Solving
Extrusion Lecture 2 Chapter 4 Key Issues to Address Process Process Variants Process Analysis Problem Solving S.V. Atre 1 Extrusion Material is forced to flow through a die orifice to provide long continuous
More informationCHEMELECTRIC ELMOTEC ADDITIVE FOR PLASTIC YOUR ADDITIVE SUPPLIER
CHEMELECTRIC ADDITIVE FOR PLASTIC ELMOTEC YOUR ADDITIVE SUPPLIER Elmotec Ultralight Protection UV STABILIZER FOR PACKAGING FILM Elmotec UV 7015 CN It is a UV stabilizer masterbatch design to improve the
More informationASSOCIATION POUR LA CERTIFICATION DES MATERIAUX ISOLANTS
Revision index Effective date B 15/02/2015 ASSOCIATION POUR LA CERTIFICATION DES MATERIAUX ISOLANTS 4, avenue du Recteur-Poincaré, 75782 Paris Cedex 16 Tel. 33 (0)1.64.68.84.97 Fax. 33 (0)1.64.68.83.45
More informationProperty Unit Typical Value Test Method Density gm / cm ASTM-D-792 Melt Flow Index (190 C, 2.16
KALPENA INDUSTRIES LIMITED An ISO 9001:2008 company TECHNICAL DATA Kablo Sanayi ve Dış Ticaret Ltd. Şti Ambient Curable Polyethylene Compound For Insulation Of Low Voltage Power Cable With High Line Speed
More informationProductivity and efficiency in foam extrusion XE Schaumex and Schaumtandex lines
Productivity and efficiency in foam extrusion XE Schaumex and Schaumtandex lines Engineering Value 2 XE Schaumex and Schaumtandex lines Applications Practical examples High-quality products for the most
More informationin Injection Moulding
Microcellular Foaming with Supercritical CO 2 in Injection Moulding Microcellular Foaming with Supercritical CO 2 in Injection Moulding V. Goodship, R.L. Stewart, R. Hansell, E.O. Ogur and G.F. Smith WMG,
More informationwe add character to plastics Baerlocher Additives for Recycled Polymers
we add character to plastics Baerlocher Additives for Recycled Polymers Active Chemistry - Baerlocher Additives: Effective, Efficient, Economical. Baeropol One-Packs Deliver Additive Solutions for Polymer
More informationThe effect of the angle of the granulator knife edge on the efficiency of the extrusion process of granulated polyethylene
Polimery, No. 3, 2002, pp. 196 The effect of the angle of the granulator knife edge on the efficiency of the extrusion process of granulated polyethylene J.W. Sikora Selected from International Polymer
More informationMaterials & Processes in Manufacturing
Materials & Processes in Manufacturing ME 151 Chapter 18 Hot Working Processes 1 Introduction Forming of materials their recrystallization temperature Higher temperatures weaken the metal making it more
More informationUPU Inline Delamination Detection with the Ultrasonic Measuring System. Fire Protection. Measuring Technology. Service
Fagus-GreCon Greten GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1243 D-31042 Alfeld-Hanover Phone +49(0)5181-79-0 Fax +49(0)5181-79-229 E-Mail sales@grecon.com www.grecon.com Inline Delamination Detection with the Ultrasonic
More informationUltra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) UTEC is the trade name of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) developed and produced by Braskem with our own catalyst and production
More informationA Leap in Polyolefin Applications with Advanced Calcium Carbonates
A Leap in Polyolefin Applications with Advanced Calcium Carbonates Gil Morieras Director Marketing Asia Pacific / Greater South East Group Marketing Plastics Oftringen, Switzerland 03 September, 2015 Table
More informationRheological Studies on Radiation Modified Polyethylene Resins. Song Cheng* and Ed Phillips
Rheological Studies on Radiation Modified Polyethylene Resins Song Cheng* and Ed Phillips Sterigenics Advanced Applications, 7695 Formula Place, San Diego, CA 92121-2418 * Corresponding author. Email address:
More informationCompacting/Agglomerating and pelletizing line. Possible material:
Compacting/Agglomerating and pelletizing line Waste pp pe film recycling granulating machine Possible material: The PTC-F TM series compacting and pelletizing system combines function of crushing, compacting,
More informationTwin-Screw Extruder FED-MT
Twin-Screw Extruder FED-MT FEDDEM GmbH & Co. KG Member of the Feddersen Group Mosaikweg 19 53489 Sinzig Germany Phone: +49 2642 90781-30 Fax: +49 2642 90781-99 info@feddem.com www.feddem.com A Young Company
More informationPET masterbatch. wide range of additives. all colour shades available. for all kinds of applications
BRINGING LIFE TO PLASTICS PET masterbatch all colour shades available wide range of additives for all kinds of applications thermoformed pet sheets delicious GOURMET MASTERBATCH Polyethylene terephthalate
More informationLicowax, Licocene, Licolub, Ceridust
Public BL Waxes for Plastics Technical Marketing Oct. 21 Licowax, Licocene, Licolub, Ceridust Dispersion Agents for Engineering Resins Part IV Wax Definition & Products at 2 C kneadable, firm to brittle-hard
More informationWE OFFER: UV stabilizers Clarifiers or nucleating Odour absorbers Antistatics Flame retardants Antiblocks Foaming agents Dessicant MFI modifiers
WE OFFER: UV stabilizers protect against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays and prevent photodegradation of synthetic materials. They help retain colour in plastic products which are exposed to the
More informationChapter 6 Plastic and Polymer Composite Fabrication Processes
Chapter 6 Plastic and Polymer Composite Fabrication Processes Screen on batch size* Molding Processes for PE: Molding Processes for Nylon (30% GF): Desired Batch Size 1e+008 1e+007 1e+006 Blow Moulding
More information