CHAPTER 7 STUDIES ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEEL CLADDINGS
|
|
- Spencer Lucas
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 134 CHAPTER 7 STUDIES ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEEL CLADDINGS 7.1 INTRODUCTION Corrosion is the destructive result of chemical or electrochemical reactions between a metal or metal alloy and its surroundings. The nature of this reaction depends not only on the chemistry of the system but also on the structure of the metal. The grain boundaries, which are imperfect and high energy regions, generally weaken the corrosion resistance of materials due to the depletion of corrosion resistance alloying elements on the grain boundaries. There are several test methods for determining the Pitting and Inter Granular Corrosion (IGC) of stainless steel claddings. The weight loss acid test in which the Pitting and IGC rates are determined by measuring the weight loss of the sample as per ASTM G-48-practice-A and ASTM A-262- practice-c respectively for the stainless steel cladding. Another test method of measuring the degree of sensitization to intergranular corrosion involves electrochemical reactivation of the samples as defined in ASTM G-108. This reactivation process is called Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (EPR) and has been developed in to two types: Single loop (SLEPR) and Double loop (DLEPR). The SLEPR test is usually accounted to detect the susceptibility of the cladding towards pitting corrosion resistance and the
2 135 DLEPR test is usually accounted to detect the susceptibility of the cladding towards IGC resistance. 7.2 PLAN OF INVESTIGATION The investigations are carried out in the following sequence: 1. Conducting weight loss tests namely Total immersion ferric chloride test and the Boiling nitric acid or Huey s test for detecting the susceptibility of Pitting and Intergranular corrosion attack in stainless steel claddings as per ASTM G-48 / Practice-A and ASTM A-262 / Practice-C respectively, for the as cladded and liquid nitrided specimens. 2. Conducting the Single Loop (SLEPR) and Double Loop (DLEPR) tests to detect the susceptibility of Pitting and IGC attack in stainless steel claddings as per ASTM G-5 and ASTM G-108 respectively, for the as cladded and nitrided specimens. 3. Results and discussions. 7.3 WEIGHT LOSS TESTS TOTAL IMMERSION FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST AS PER ASTM G Preparation of the test specimen and test solution Four test specimens were prepared from overlay plates cladded at low (4.10 KJ/mm), high (6.81 KJ/mm), optimum (4.61 KJ/mm) heat input condition as well as at optimum dilution (4.61 KJ/mm) and liquidnitrided condition for conducting the test. The top surface of the specimens were ground flat to facilitate maximum surface exposure to the corrosive test solution. The test solution was prepared by adding 100 gm of Ferric Chloride
3 136 (Fecl 3 ) to 900 ml of distilled water (6% Fecl 3 by wt) as per ASTM standards. The solution was considered appropriate because, the effect of Fecl 3 was more pronounced and also aggressive in the environments that could formulate pitting corrosion Experimental procedure The total immersion ferric chloride test was conducted as per ASTM standards to detect the susceptibility of pitting corrosion attack in austenitic stainless steel. Samples of size 3.7 x 1.9 x 0.5 cm 3 with a surface area of cm 2 were cut from the specimens weld cladded with different heat inputs and at optimum condition. They were polished with 120 grit abrasive paper, washed and dried by dipping in acetone. After taking the initial weighed of the sample in a calibrated digital balance it was placed in a glass cradle having holes and kept inside an Erlenmeyer flask fitted with a condenser which dissipated the heat developed during the test period. The flask was filled with 100 ml (5ml/cm 2 ) of the test solution to cover the entire specimen surface. Cooling water was passed through the condenser for dissipating the heat generated and the flask is electrically heated and maintained at 40 C thereby keeping the test solution boiling throughout the test period. The test period was of 72 hours duration and after the end of the test period the specimen was rinsed with water and scrubbed with a nylon brush under running water to remove any adhering corrosion products. Then the specimen was dried by dipping in acetone and weighed in a calibrated digital balance. The difference in weight is recorded for estimating the corrosion rate.
4 BOILING NITRIC ACID TEST (HUEY S TEST) AS PER ASTM A-262-C The boiling nitric acid or Huey s test is used for detecting the susceptibility of stainless steel cladding towards intergranular corrosion attack and conducted as per ASTM A-262-Practice-C. It is conducted for detecting the susceptibility of intergranular corrosion attack in stainless steel claddings. This procedure can also be used to check the effectiveness of the stabilising elements and the effect of carbon content in reducing the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion attack in Cr-Ni stainless steel Preparation of the test specimen and test solution The entire lateral surfaces of the four prepared test specimens were finely grinded to facilitate better surface exposure to the corrosive test solution. A 65 % by weight nitric acid solution was prepared by adding distilled water to concentrated nitric acid (HNO 3) of reagent grade with specific gravity 1.42 at the rate of 108 ml of distilled water per litre of concentrated nitric acid as per ASTM standards. The solution was considered appropriate because of the effect of HNO 3 being more pronounced and aggressive in the environments that could formulate intergranular corrosion Experimental procedure Intergranular attack in nitric acid is associated with the intergranular precipitation of chromium carbides. The specimen was polished with 120 grit abrasive paper and weighed initially. It was placed in a glass cradle is presented in Figure 7.1 (a) and kept inside the Erlenmeyer flask fitted with an Allihn condenser with four bulbs as presented in Figure 7.1 (b) to dissipate the heat developed during boiling of the acid.
5 138 (a) (b) Figure 7.1 Huey s test setup showing: (a) the glass cradle and (b) Erlenmeyer flask fitted with an Allihn condenser The flask was filled with sufficient quantity of the test solution to cover the specimen and to provide a volume of 20 ml/cm 2 of the specimen surface. Cooling water was passed through the condenser for dissipating the heat generated and the flask is electrically heated and maintained at 60 C thereby keeping the test solution boiling throughout the test period. The test period was of 48 hours duration and after the end of each test period the specimen was rinsed with water and scrubbed with a nylon brush under running water to remove any adhering corrosion products. Then the specimen was dried by dipping in acetone and weighed in an analytical balance. The difference in weight is recorded for estimating the corrosion rate. This test procedure was repeated for five consecutive boiling periods with duration of 48 hours for each period for every specimen. Fresh test solution was used every time during the entire testing period.
6 SINGLE LOOP EPR TEST AS PER ASTM G Preparation of the test specimen and test solution Four already prepared cladded test specimens were used for conducting EPR tests. Figure 7.2 shows the surface of these specimens (I) before and (II) after the EPR test. (I) (II) Figure 7.2 Specimen with: (a) low heat input, 4.10 KJ/mm (b) high heat input, 6.81 KJ/mm (c) optimum heat input, 4.61 KJ/mm and (d) optimum (4.61 KJ/mm) and liquid nitrided condition, (I) before and (II) after Single loop EPR test The top surface of the specimen was ground flat to facilitate 1 cm 2 of the surface was exposed to the corrosive test solution. It was first polished by a 600 grit SiC paper and further wet polished with 1 µm alumina slurry on a micro cloth mounted polishing wheel to a surface roughness of 6 m as per ASTM E13 standards. Then they were washed with distilled water and dried in a stream of cool air before immersing them in to the corrosive test solution. The corrosion medium for the present investigation has been selected based on the basis of corrosion environments as cited in the available literatures.
7 140 A 3.56 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was prepared by dissolving 34 g of sodium chloride in 920 ml of deionised water Experimental procedure The potentiodynamic polarisation test was conducted to predict the pitting corrosion resistance of the specimens cladded at various heat input conditions as per the ASTM G-5 standard. The schematic and experimental set up of ACM Gill 5500 potentiostat instrument with a flat cell in three electrode configuration is shown Figure 7.3 (a) and (b). (a) (b) Figure 7.3 EPR test set up showing: (a) Schematic diagram and (b) Experimental set up
8 141 The cell consists of a glass cylinder clamped horizontally between two end plates housing the working electrode, WE (AISI 316 L stainless steel cladded surface) and the auxiliary electrode, AE, (platinum gauze). A saturated calomel electrode (SCE) using 0.1 M KCl was used as the reference electrode (RE). The cell was filled with 250 ml of test solution and all the tests were conducted at room temperature, 30 ± 2 C. All the three electrodes are connected to corrosion measuring instrument through the leads provided in the flat cell. Polarisation test was commenced by measuring the rest potential after the samples were immersed for 50 minutes in non deaerated chloride solution to allow for rest potential to settle. The potential was anodically scanned at a rate of 60 mvmin -1 from mv to mv. The current density was measured continuously using the data acquisition software provided with the instrument. 7.5 DOUBLE LOOP EPR TEST AS PER ASTM G-108 Four already prepared test specimens cladded were used to conduct the test. The double loop EPR test was done according to ASTM G-108 standard and the recommendations made by Majidi and Streicher (1984). The standard solution was modified to suit the austenitic stainless steel and consisted of 2M H 2 SO MNaCl MKSCN at 30 ± 1 C and a scan rate of 15 V/h. The test was performed by running the sample from a potential lower than Ecorr in the cathodic region. The potential is scanned in the anodic direction from Ecorr to a point of V in the middle of the passive region. The scanning direction is then reversed and the potential is reduced back to the cathodic region. Two loops are generated, an anodic loop and a reactivation loop. The peak activation current (Ia) and the peak reactivation current (Ir) were measured during the forward and backward scans, respectively. The degree of sensitization was measured as the ratio of peak activation current to the maximum current densities generated in the double loop test (Majidi and Streicher, 1984).
9 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Weight loss tests Total immersion ferric acid test The corrosion rate was measured by determining the weight loss of the specimen after the test period and the weight loss was calculated for each specimen. The corrosion rate was calculated by using the relation, Corrosion rate = 7290 x W / A t, mm/month, where W= the total weight loss of the specimen in grams, A= the area of the specimen exposed in cm 2, = the density of the overlay material in grams / cm 3 and t= the time of exposure in hours. The corrosion rate was calculated for each test period and the average corrosion rate was referred against the ASTM acceptance limits for all the four specimens cladded at different heat input conditions. The results of the Total immersion ferric chloride test are presented in Table 7.1.
10 143 Table 7.1 Results of total immersion ferric chloride test No Thermal history of the specimen 1 Cladded at low heat input (4.10 KJ / mm) 2 Cladded at high heat input (6.81 KJ / mm) 3 Cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ / mm) 4 Cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ / mm) and liquid nitrided condition Initial weight of the specimen, gm Final weight of the specimen, gm Difference in weight, gm Corrosion rate, mm/month ASTM acceptance limit, mm / month From Table 7.1 it is found that cladding produced at low heat input and optimum conditions are having lower corrosion rates than that of other claddings in ferric chloride solution Boiling nitric acid test (Huey s test) The results of the Huey s test are presented in Table 7.2.
11 144 Table 7.2 Results of Huey s test No Description of the specimen Cladded at low heat input (4.10 KJ / mm) Cladded at high heat input (6.81 KJ / mm) Cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ / mm) Cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ / mm) and liquid nitrided condition Total weight loss, gms Total corrosion rate, mm / month Average corrosion rate, mm / month ASTM acceptance limit, mm / month It is observed that the corrosion rate in boiling nitric acid of nitrided claddings produced at optimum dilution condition is lower compared with all other claddings. Also it is evident from tables that corrosion rate increases with the increase in heat input which may be attributed to increased dilution. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the nitrided cladding produced at optimum heat input condition (4.61 KJ/mm) and at high heat input (6.81 KJ/mm) condition after Huey s test are shown in Figure 7.4. A stepped type microstructure is noticed for the nitrided specimen cladded at optimum heat input condition. This is because of the reason that the lower heat input promoted faster cooling rates thereby forming finer grains with stepped structures. Finer grains with stepped structures possess excellent corrosion resistance and tensile properties combined with good bonding strength between adjacent grains (Aydogdu and Aydinol 2006, Mirko Gojic et al 2008). This in turn promotes excellent ductility and toughness of the cladding which will widen their potential applications.
12 145 Figure 7.4 SEM photomicrograph of nitrided claddings produced at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition after Huey s test showing a stepped structure, X500 The stepped type microstructure is presented at a higher magnification for clearly visualising the corrosion debris after the Huey s test, in Figure 7.5. Figure 7.5 SEM photomicrograph of nitrided cladding produced at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition after Huey s test showing a stepped structure, X2000
13 146 A ditched type microstructure noticed in the specimen cladded at high heat input (6.81 KJ/mm) condition after Huey s test is shown in Figure 7.6. Figure 7.6 SEM photomicrograph of high heat input specimen (6.81 KJ/mm) after Huey s test showing a ditched structure, X500 The slower cooling rates of the cladding due to higher heat input promoted a coarser grain structure which does not have the normal mechanical and metallurgical properties. Also, the slower cooling rates promoted the formation of coarser grains with ditched structure. Their bonding strength may not be evenly distributed due to the formation of coarser grains with a lathy morphology (Arikan and Doruk 2008). The SEM images reveal that the ditched type microstructure are highly prone to the intergranular corrosion attack or sensitization than the stepped type structure. The ditched type microstructure is presented at a higher magnification for clearly visualising the corrosion debris after the Huey s teat, in Figure 7.7.
14 147 Figure 7.7 SEM photomicrograph of high heat input specimen (6.81 KJ/mm) after Huey s test showing a ditched structure, X Single Loop EPR test as per ASTM G-5 Graphs were plotted keeping current density in logarithmic scale along X-axis and potential along Y-axis using the analysis software. Typical potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves of the specimens cladded at corresponding conditions are shown in Figure For each specimen, the test was repeated twice in different areas and the average value was recorded for the analysis. The current density was measured continuously using commercial data acquisition software provided with the instrument. Corrosion behaviour was investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation measurements in 3.5 wt. % NaCl.
15 148 Figure 7.8 Single Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at low heat input (4.10 KJ/mm) condition Figure 7.9 Single Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at high heat input (6.81 KJ/mm) condition
16 149 Figure 7.10 Single Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition Figure 7.11 Single Loop EPR curve for a specimen nitrided and cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition
17 150 The rest potential (the potential at which the current becomes zero) and the pitting potential are considered as a measure of the material dissolution from the surface being tested. It has been referred that the passive film on the surface was destroyed progressively with time and as a result more and more of the metal (which is active) is exposed in the electrolyte. The results are presented in Table 7.3. All potentials are vs. saturated calomel electrode. Table 7.3 Results of Single Loop EPR test Sample description Low heat input of 4.10 KJ/mm High heat input of 6.81 KJ/mm Optimum heat input 4.61 KJ/mm Optimum heat input 4.61 KJ/mm and nitrided Rest Potential, mv Pitting Potential, mv Corrosion current density, (Icorr) A cm -2 Corrosion rate, mm/year Corrosion rate, mils/yr X X X X Prasad Rao et al (1986-a) investigated the pitting potential for AISI 316L stainless steel claddings in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at a controlled temperature of 30 ± 2 C were between -120 to +430 mv. Pulino-Sagradi et al (1997) observed the same between -130 to +420 mv.
18 151 Kamachimudali et al (2000) investigated the pitting potential between140 to +450 mv. The results show that the pitting potential of the AISI 316L cladded specimens in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at a controlled temperature of 30 ± 2 C lie between -120 to +410 mv for various heat inputs. The above observations indicate that the values of pitting potentials obtained in the present study are in agreement with the literature. The optical and SEM micrographs of the nitrided cladding produced at optimum heat input condition showing stepped structure with pits are presented in Figure 7.12 and 7.13 respectively. Figure 7.12 Optical micrograph of the nitrided cladding produced at optimum heat input condition after Single Loop EPR test
19 152 Figure 7.13 SEM micrograph of the nitrided cladding produced at optimum heat input condition after Single Loop EPR test The optical and SEM micrographs of the nitrided cladding produced at high heat input condition showing ditched structure are presented in Figure 7.14 and 7.15 respectively. Figure 7.14 Optical micrograph of the cladding produced at high heat input condition after Single Loop EPR test
20 153 Figure 7.15 SEM micrograph of the cladding produced at high heat input condition after Single Loop EPR test A step type microstructure with pits was noticed for the specimen cladded with optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) and nitrided condition and a ditched type microstructure with pits was noticed for the specimen cladded with high heat input (6.81 KJ/mm). Stepped type microstructure might have formed due to the faster cooling of the cladding at low heat input conditions. The ditched type microstructure might have formed due to the slow cooling of the cladding produced during higher heat input condition. It is found that the stepped type microstructure possesses comparatively better resistance to pitting corrosion than the ditched type microstructure Double Loop EPR test as per ASTMG -108 Polarisation graphs were plotted keeping current density in logarithmic scale along X-axis and potential along Y-axis using the analysis software. Typical potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves of the claddings produced at the specified heat input conditions are presented in Figure
21 154 Figure 7.16 Double Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at low heat input (4.10 KJ/mm) condition Figure 7.17 Double Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at high heat input (6.81 KJ/mm) condition Figure 7.18 Double Loop EPR curve for a specimen cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition
22 155 Figure 7.19 Double Loop EPR curve for a specimen nitrided and cladded at optimum heat input (4.61 KJ/mm) condition For each specimen, the test was repeated twice in different areas and the average value was recorded for the analysis. The current density was measured continuously using commercial data acquisition software provided with the instrument. All potentials are vs. saturated calomel electrode. The degree of sensitization was measured from the ratio of maximum current densities generated in the double loop test (Majidi and Streicher 1984). The results of the double loop EPR test is presented in Table 7.4.
23 156 Table 7.4 Results of Double Loop EPR test No Description Low heat input of 4.10 KJ/mm High heat input of 6.81 KJ/mm Optimum heat input 4.61 KJ/mm Optimum heat input 4.61 KJ/mm and nitrided Activation peak potential, E a,(mv) Activation peak current density, I a, (ma/cm 2 ) Reactivation peak potential, E r,(mv) Reactivation peak current density, I r,(ma/cm 2 ) Passivation current density, I pass,(ma/cm 2 ) Degree of sensitization ( Ir /Ia x100) % SUMMARY From the weight loss test with ferric chloride it can be concluded that the nitrided cladding deposited at optimum heat input condition possessed better pitting corrosion resistance. In the Huey s test, the claddings deposited at low and optimum heat input conditions possessed better resistance to IGC. Also from the single loop EPR test an increase in pitting potential is noticed in the cladding deposited with optimum heat input condition. The positive value of pitting potential indicates that a stable film is formed over the surface of the cladding which confirms that the material is more nobler with increased pitting corrosion resistance. In the double loop EPR test the ratio of the degree of sensitisation (Ir/Ia) was found to be very lower in the cladding deposited at
24 157 optimum heat input condition, which reveal that the cladding possesses better resistance to IGC.
Sensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316
Sensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316 Manish Kumar Verma Mechanical, Columbia Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raipur (India) ABSTRACT Austenitic Stainless steels
More informationResponse of Weld Joints in Stainless Steel 304LN Pipe to Low Temperature Sensitization
Response of Weld Joints in Stainless Steel 304LN Pipe to Low Temperature Sensitization Raghuvir Singh', Gautam Das', Satyarth Suman, and 'National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831007 P. K. Singh"
More informationInvestigation on the Effect of Solution Treatment on the Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Cold-Rolled AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Int. J. Mech. Eng. Autom. Volume 1, Number 4, 214, pp. 247-252 Received: June 2, 214; Published: October 25, 214 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Investigation on the Effect
More informationEffects of Surface Finishes on Corrosion Resistance of Welded Stainless Steels
AIJSTPME (2) 3(3): 65-7 Effects of Surface Finishes on Corrosion Resistance of Welded Stainless Steels Daopiset S. Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KMUTNB, Bangkok, Thailand
More informationStandard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels 1
Designation: A 923 03 www.tubingchina.com Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation
More informationSTAINLESS STEEL SELECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION EQUIPMENT
STAINLESS STEEL SELECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION EQUIPMENT Gary M. Carinci William A. Pratt Outokumpu Stainless 3209 McKnight East Drive Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15237 gcarinci@tmr-inc.com Abstract
More informationDepartment of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey 2
International Corrosion Volume 2012, Article ID 651829, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/651829 Research Article Determination of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion of UNS 31803 Type Duplex Stainless Steel
More informationCrack Initiation and Crack Propagation of Pre-corroded Ni-16Cr Alloy in 4.5%NaCl Aqueous Solution
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 8 (August. 2013), V2 PP 11-15 Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation of Pre-corroded Ni-16Cr Alloy in 4.5%NaCl Aqueous
More informationLaboratory Experiments in Corrosion Engineering II
Lecture - 40 Laboratory Experiments in Corrosion Engineering II Keywords: Polarization Experiments, Pitting Potentials, Microbial Corrosion. A. Electrochemical tests in a given environment Polarization
More informationA Scanning Probe Investigation of Inter-Granular Corrosion in Sensitised Stainless Steel Nuclear Fuel Cladding
A Scanning Probe Investigation of Inter-Granular Corrosion in Sensitised Stainless Steel Nuclear Fuel Cladding Ronald Clark (Final year PhD.) Professor Geraint Williams (Swansea University) Dr. Steve Walters
More informationOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
CHARACTERISATION OF THE SENSITISATION BEHAVIOUR OF THERMO-MECHANICALLY PROCESSED TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL USING DL-EPR TESTING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS METHODS S. Rahimi 1, *D.L. Engelberg 1, T.J. Marrow 1 1
More informationCorrosion Properties of Enhanced Duplex Steel UNS S32304
A CORROSION MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATIONS ENGINEERING MAGAZINE FROM OUTOKUMPU Corrosion Properties of Enhanced Duplex Steel UNS S3234 2/215 2/215 2 Corrosion Properties of Enhanced Duplex Steel UNS S3234
More informationInfluence of heat treatments on the microstructure and degree of sensitization of base metal and weld of AISI 430 stainless steel
ISSN 1517-7076 artigo e-11939, 2017 Influence of heat treatments on the microstructure and degree of sensitization of base metal and weld of AISI 430 stainless steel Sérgio Souto Maior Tavares 1, Luis
More informationIntergranular Corrosion (IGC)
Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Microstructure of metals and alloys is made up of grains (separated by grain boundaries) Intergranular corrosion is a localized attack along the grain boundaries, or immediately
More informationCHAPTER 7. Conclusions, Summary and Scope for Future Work
CHAPTER 7 Conclusions, Summary and Scope for Future Work Conclusions, Summary and Scope for Future Study This Chapter gives the salient conclusions drawn from the results of the investigations carried
More informationThe Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds
, pp.14-18 The Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds I. Hajiannia 1, M.Shamanian 2* and M. Kasiri 3 1,3 Department of Materials Engineering,
More informationLocalized corrosion behaviour of nickel-free high-nitrogen 19Cr-18Mn-0.69N austenitic stainless steel in 3.5-% NaCl
from R&D reviewed paper Pandurangan Saravanan and Vngaranahalli Srinivasan Raja: Localized corrosion behaviour of nickel-free high-nitrogen 19Cr-18Mn-0.69N austenitic stainless steel in 3.5-% NaCl Corrosion
More informationCharacterization of Oxide Film Formed on Ck45 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Method
Journal of Mechanical Research and Application ISSN: 2251-7383, eissn: 2251-7391 Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, 57-61 Characterization of Oxide Film Formed on Ck45 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Method JMRA
More informationStandard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels 1
Designation: A 262 02a e3 Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 262; the number
More informationCORROSION RESISTANCE OF PLASMA NITRIDED AND NITROCARBURIZED AISI 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PLASMA NITRIDED AND NITROCARBURIZED AISI 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL F.A.P. Fernandes 1*, J. Gallego 2, G.E. Totten 3, C.A. Picon 2, L.C. Casteletti 1 1 Department of Materials
More informationCORROSION AND GRAIN BOUNDARY CHARACTER DISTRIBUTION (GBCD) IN 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
CORROSION AND GRAIN BOUNDARY CHARACTER DISTRIBUTION (GBCD) IN 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL D. N. Wasnik, I. Samajdar, V. Kain', P. K. Del and B. Verlinden2 Department of Metallurgical Engineering and
More informationGalvanic corrosion evaluation of 6061 aluminum coupled to CVD coated stainless steel Elizabeth Sikora and Barbara Shaw 6/9/2016
SHAW AND ASSOCIATES CONSULTING Galvanic corrosion evaluation of 6061 aluminum coupled to CVD coated stainless steel Elizabeth Sikora and Barbara Shaw 6/9/2016 Evaluation of galvanic corrosion of aluminum
More informationCHAPTER-4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS. 4.1 SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR CC GTAW & PC GTAW OF 90/10 & 70/30 Cu-Ni ALLOY WELDS
CHAPTER-4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 4.1 SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR CC GTAW & PC GTAW OF 90/10 & 70/30 Cu-Ni ALLOY WELDS Hot rolled plates of 90/10 and 70/30 Cu-Ni alloys of 5 mm thickness were selected as test
More informationLASER SURFACE MELTING OF 17-4 PH PRECIPITATION-HARDENABLE STAINLESS STEEL Paper 1203
LASER SURFACE MELTING OF 7- PH PRECIPITATION-HARDENABLE STAINLESS STEEL Paper 0 Zhichao Cheng, Chi Tat Kwok, Kin Ho Lo, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau Abstract
More informationMetallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, METU, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey 2
International Corrosion Volume 212, Article ID 47858, 14 pages doi:1.1155/212/47858 Research Article Determination of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion of UNS 3183 Type Duplex Stainless Steel by
More informationCorrosion Rate Measurement on C-Steel
Measurements of corrosion rate on Carbon-steel using Electrochemical (potentiodynamic Polarization, EIS etc.) technique. Corrosion Rate Measurement on C-Steel Abdullah Al Ashraf 1. Introduction: The degradation
More informationIntergranular Corrosion of UNS S31803 Heat Treated at 800 C Varying Range Times
J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 9 (2015) 503-508 doi: 10.17265/1934-7375/2015.08.004 D DAVID PUBLISHING Intergranular Corrosion of UNS S31803 Heat Treated at 800 C Varying Range Times Najara Barros Dias 1, Bianca
More informationA Study of Performance of Aluminium Anode by Addition of Zinc in Sea Water
A Study of Performance of Aluminium Anode by Addition of Zinc in Sea Water G.M.Pradeep 1, R.M.Ravindran 2, A.Gokulram 3, R.Rajesh 4, B.YogeshEswaran 5, L. Samson Joshua 6 1 Assistant professor, Dept of
More informationCorrosion of mild steel and 316L austenitic stainless steel with different surface roughness in sodium chloride saline solutions
Simulation of Electrochemical Processes III 161 Corrosion of mild steel and 316L austenitic stainless steel with different surface roughness in sodium chloride saline solutions L. Abosrra, A. F. Ashour,
More informationEFFECTS OF HAMMER PEENING AND AGING TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF OIL-GRADE ALLOY 718
EFFECTS OF HAMMER PEENING AND AGING TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF OIL-GRADE ALLOY 718 Ting Chen 1, Hendrik John 2, Jing Xu 2, Jeffrey Hawk 3, Xingbo Liu
More information1.1. Macro-etching 1.2. Etching of a sample having multi-phases structure
1. ETCHING Etching is used to highlight, and sometimes identify, microstructural features or phases present. Microscopic examination of a properly polished, unetched specimen will reveal only a few structural
More informationCORROSION BEHAVIOR OF LASER SURFACE MELTED 2014 ALUMINIUM ALLOY IN T6 AND T451 TEMPERS. P.H. Chong*, Z. Liu, P. Skeldon and G. E.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF LASER SURFACE MELTED 2014 ALUMINIUM ALLOY IN T6 AND T451 TEMPERS P.H. Chong*, Z. Liu, P. Skeldon and G. E. Thompson Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester Institute
More informationEffect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4429-4433 ISSN: 2249-6645 Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds 1 N. Ramanaiah 2 B. Balakrishna, 3 K. Prasad Rao 1 Professor
More informationPotentiodynamic Scanning (PDS) of Stainless Steel Karen Louise de Sousa Pesse
Potentiodynamic Scanning (PDS) of Stainless Steel 8-2-26 Supervision: Elien Wallaert Introduction In order to investigate the corrosion resistance of Stainless steel in a specific environment, the practical
More informationEffect of Welding Passes on Heat Affected Zone and Tensile Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Chrome-Manganese Austenitic Stainless Steel
, pp. 102 109 Effect of Welding Passes on Heat Affected Zone and Tensile Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Chrome-Manganese Austenitic Stainless Steel Ravindra V. TAIWADE, 1) * Awanikumar P. PATIL,
More informationResults are presented in Table 1. The tube was fabricated from a Type 347 and no unusual conditions were noted.
1. Introduction Hydroprocessing units such as isomax in oil refineries upgrade hydrocarbon feedstocks by converting heavier feeds into more valuable lighter products. The reactions occur under a hydrogen-rich
More informationEffect of Annealing Process on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium 7075-T6 Alloy
Effect of Annealing Process on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium 7075-T6 Alloy Palkar Aman Manohar 1, Ghanshyam Das 2, Nitesh Kumar Sinha 3, Rohit Kumar Mishra 4 1,3,4M.Tech, Department of Materials
More informationPitting susceptibility of AISI 304 stainless steel after cold rolling Olandir V. Correa a, Mara C.L. de Oliveira b, Renato A. Antunes c.
Copyright 2014, ABRACO Trabalho apresentado durante o INTERCORR 2014, em Fortaleza/CE no mês de maio de 2014. As informações e opiniões contidas neste trabalho são de exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) autor(es).
More informationAL 29-4C AL 29-4C. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Superferritic INTRODUCTION (UNS S44735)
AL 29-4C Stainless Steel: Superferritic (UNS S44735) INTRODUCTION AL 29-4C alloy, is a superferritic stainless steel developed by ATI in the early 1980s specifically for power plant surface condenser tubing.
More informationThe effect of electroplating of Cr and Sn on corrosion resistance of low carbon steel (CK15)
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 2010, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir ISSN: 2153-649X doi:10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.3.565.572 The effect of electroplating of Cr and Sn on corrosion
More informationSUMMARY. 1 Issued as Technical Report No.: TR3804/APP95005(Part-II) in March 2002.
SLOW STRAIN RATE TESTING TO DETERMINE HYDROGEN EMBRRITTLEMENT OF MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS USED IN LINE-C DURING CATHODIC PROTECTION 1 TASK 1, PART-II APP 95005 Ismail Andijani and Anees U. Malik Research
More informationEffect Of Heat Input On Pitting Corrosion Resistance Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Weld Claddings
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.9, No.03 pp 358-362, 2016 Effect Of Heat Input On Pitting Corrosion Resistance Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Weld Claddings
More informationC Cr Ni Mn Mo N < 2 > Thermal conductivity (W m - 1 K - 1 ) Resistivity
Indu UR 316L UR 316L: A 2%Mo containing 18Cr - 1Ni austenitic stainless UR 316L is one of the basic grade of the stainless s range. The addition of molybdenum improves its resistance to pitting and crevice
More informationCorrosion Science 52 (2010) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Corrosion Science. journal homepage:
Corrosion Science 52 (2010) 2653 2660 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Corrosion Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/corsci Tuning DOS measuring parameters based on double-loop EPR
More informationSandvik SAF 2205 (Billets)
Datasheet updated 2013 11 28 14:13:21 (supersedes all previous editions) Sandvik SAF 2205 (Billets) Sandvik SAF 2205 is a duplex (austenitic ferritic) stainless steel characterized by: High resistance
More informationA Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Welded Stainless Steels Used in the Fabrication of Brine Circulating Pumps
A Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Welded Stainless Steels Used in the Fabrication of Brine Circulating Pumps A. I. AlGobouri 1, O. A. Abuzeid 2, M. Abou Zour 3, Basel Alsayyed 4 1 Intertek, P.O.
More informationSCC Initiation for X80 Pipeline Steel Under AC Application in High ph Solution
2017 2nd International Seminar on Applied Physics, Optoelectronics and Photonics (APOP 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-522-3 SCC Initiation for X80 Pipeline Steel Under AC Application in High ph Solution Min ZHU,
More informationElectrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Tubing Alloys in Simulated Space Shuttle Launch Pad Conditions
Volume 6 Paper C013 Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Tubing Alloys in Simulated Space Shuttle Launch Pad Conditions L. M. Calle 1, R.D. Vinje 2, and L.G. MacDowell 1 1 NASA, Mail Code YA-F2-T, Kennedy
More informationMMFX 2 (ASTM A 1035, GRADE 100) STEEL REBAR CORROSION PERFORMANCE TESTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH AASHTO MP 18M/MP MMFX Technologies Corporation
MMFX 2 (ASTM A 1035, GRADE 100) STEEL REBAR CORROSION PERFORMANCE TESTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH AASHTO MP 18M/MP 18-09 Prepared for: MMFX Technologies Corporation August 3, 2011 TCG # 11072 Report Prepared
More informationCERAMIC COATING PROPERTIES
CERAMIC COATING PROPERTIES Non permeable surface Aseptic (Inhibits bacterial growth) Hygienic (Easy-to-clean) High temperature resistance High chemical corrosion resistance Sun Light resistance (colour
More informationCorrosion Damage Monitoring of Stainless Steel by Acoustic Emission
Corrosion Damage Monitoring of Stainless Steel by Acoustic Emission Kaige Wu A, Seung-mi Lee B, Won-Sik Lee C, Dong-Pyo Hong D and Jai-Won Byeon A Abstract In this work, the acoustic emission signals of
More informationCorrosion and Passivation Behaviour of Three Stainless Steels in Differents Chloride Concentrations
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 2, No. 4 (28), 2545-255 Corrosion and Passivation Behaviour of Three Stainless Steels in Differents Chloride Concentrations SIHAM LAMECHE, RATIBA NEDJAR*, HOURIA REBBAH
More informationOn the stress corrosion cracking of lean duplex steel in chloride environment
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS On the stress corrosion cracking of lean duplex steel in chloride environment To cite this article: Qanita Tayyaba et al 2014 IOP Conf.
More informationTítulo de la Presentación TUBACOAT
Título de la Presentación TUBACOAT Subtítulo, fecha... POWERGEN APPLICATIONS JUNE 2016 1 TUBACOAT concept Product characterization Powergen applications Steam Reheater & TC Experience CASE 1 Flue Gas Condenser
More informationSIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION IN CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN SEAWATER
SIGNIFICANCE OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION IN CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN SEAWATER Trine Okstad, Øyvind Rannestad, Roy Johnsen () and Kemal Nisancioglu Department of Materials Science and Engineering ( ()
More informationSTUDIES ON THE DEGREE OF SENSITIZATION OF WELDED 2507 SUPER DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL USING A MODIFIED DL-EPR TEST PROCEDURE
STUDIES ON THE DEGREE OF SENSITIZATION OF WELDED 2507 SUPER DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL USING A MODIFIED DL-EPR TEST PROCEDURE M Bassiouni 1, L P Ward 1, R K Singh Raman 2, A P O Mullane 3, B Gideon 4, S Bhargava
More informationCorrosion Behavior of Mild Steel and SS 304L in Presence of Dissolved Nickel Under Aerated and Deaerated Conditions
Materials Research. 2011; 14(4): 524-531 2011 DDOI: 10.1590/S1516-14392011005000076 Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel and SS 304L in Presence of Dissolved Nickel Under Aerated and Deaerated Conditions Mohd
More informationIPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 74 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEELS IN PAPER MACHINE WHITE WATER DAVID F. BOWERS FEBRUARY, 1979
THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, APPLETON, WISCONSIN IPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 74 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEELS IN PAPER MACHINE WHITE WATER DAVID F. BOWERS FEBRUARY, 1979 N.A.C.E. Corrosion/79
More informationMicrostructural evolution and corrosion behavior of directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy
Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of directionally solidified FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy *Cui Hongbao 1, Wang Ying 1, Wang Jinyong 1, Guo Xuefeng 1 and Fu Hengzhi 1,2 (1. School of Materials
More informationCorrosion resistance of Au/Ni thin films coated stainless steel used for a PEFC separator
Materials Characterisation VI 217 Corrosion resistance of Au/Ni thin films coated stainless steel used for a PEFC separator Y. Kimura 1 & M. Hirano 2 1 Department of Environmental and Energy Chemistry,
More informationSANDVIK 3RE60 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
SANDVIK 3RE60 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS DATASHEET Sandvik 3RE60 is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel characterized by the following properties: High resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
More informationIRON CARBONATE SCALE GROWTH AND THE EFFECT OF INHIBITION IN CO 2 CORROSION OF MILD STEEL
IRON CARBONATE SCALE GROWTH AND THE EFFECT OF INHIBITION IN CO 2 CORROSION OF MILD STEEL Kunal Chokshi, Wei Sun, Srdjan Nesic Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University 342 West
More informationMetallurgical Properties Influencing Corrosion
Lecture 38 Metallurgical Properties Influencing Corrosion Keywords: Metallurgical Properties, Intergranular Corrosion, Hydrogen Embrittlement, Iron Pillar Metallurgical properties and structure influence
More informationM.N.Singh, D.K.Basu, A.K.Bhattmishra and S. K.Narang CORROSION RESISTANT ELECRODEPOSITED ZINC COATING FROM ZINC DROSS
..:: CORCON 2UU2 ::.. SPEAKERS (Basic Corrosion) 04 TECHNICAL A SPEAKERS A ABOUT NA( M.N.Singh, D.K.Basu, A.K.Bhattmishra and S. K.Narang M. N. Singh, D. K. Basu, A. K. Bhattmishra and S. K. Narang National
More informationLeena Das and Der-Tau Chin Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University Potsdam, New York
EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF FERROUS SUBSTRATE ON POROSITY OF ELECTROLESS NICKEL COATING Leena Das and Der-Tau Chin Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University Potsdam, New York 13699-575 1
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-18716-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 17.11.2014 to 13.05.2018 Holder of certificate: Institut
More informationEvaluation of the Microstructure and Localized Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Welds
Evaluation of the Microstructure and Localized Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Welds A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master
More informationATI 2205 ATI Technical Data Sheet. Duplex Stainless Steel GENERAL PROPERTIES. (UNS S31803 and S32205)
ATI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S31803 and S32205) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI 2205 alloy (UNS S31803 and/or S32205) is a nitrogen-enhanced duplex stainless steel alloy. The nitrogen serves to significantly
More informationCLEANING AND PREVENTION OF INORGANIC DEPOSITS IN PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS USING PULSATING CURRENT
ECI Symposium Series, Volume RP5: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning - Challenges and Opportunities, Editors Hans Müller-Steinhagen, M. Reza Malayeri, and
More informationof Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test
Chapter 11 Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test As usual, everything is standardized! After the Jominy
More informationThe effect of testing temperature on corrosion erosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels
Wear 255 (2003) 139 145 The effect of testing temperature on corrosion erosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels D.H. Mesa a,a.toro b, A. Sinatora c, A.P. Tschiptschin d, a Mechanical Engineering
More informationCorrelation between Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) Test and Potentiostat Dynamic Test for Corrosion on Zinc Plated Steel
Correlation between Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) Test and Potentiostat Dynamic Test for Corrosion on Zinc Plated Steel Prithiviraj D [1], Rajendran R [2], Venugopal [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationStandard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements 1
Designation: G5 94 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROLESS PROCESS FOR DEPOSITION OF ZN SILICATE COATINGS
REPORT OF THE FINAL PROJECT ENTITLED: DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROLESS PROCESS FOR DEPOSITION OF ZN SILICATE COATINGS by Veeraraghavan S Basker Department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina
More informationDESENSITIZATION OF AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS BY LASER SURFACE MELTING Paper 806
DESENSITIZATION OF AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS BY LASER SURFACE MELTING Paper 806 Weng Kin Chan 1, Chi Tat Kwok 1, Kin Ho Lo 1, Zhichao Cheng 1 1 Department of Electromechanical Engineering,
More informationAnalytical Methods for Materials
Analytical Methods for Materials Lesson 4 Metallography Suggested Reading Y. Leng, Materials Characterization, 2 nd Edition, (2013), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ Chapter 1. Reference Goodhew, Humphreys and Beanland,
More information1. To learn and to gain experience in the preparation of metallographic specimens.
METALLOGRAPY Objectives 1. To learn and to gain experience in the preparation of metallographic specimens. 2. To examine and analyze the microstructures of metals and metallic alloys. 1.Introduction Microscopical
More informationEffect of Precorrosion and Temperature on the Formation Rate of Iron Carbonate Film
7th Pipeline Technology Conference 2012 Effect of Precorrosion and Temperature on the Formation Rate of Iron Carbonate Film Winia Farida a,b, Tor Hemmingsen b, Tonje Berntsen b,c, Patrick Rabindran a a
More informationCHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
37 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS This chapter discusses the methodology adopted for the development of zinc phosphate coating utilizing galvanic coupling and to evaluate the effect of cathode materials
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE TREATMENTS AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL. Amirreza Bakhtiari
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES Scientific paper UDC: 620.197.2:669.141; 620.193 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE TREATMENTS AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL Amirreza
More informationOn the Long-Term Stability of 6013-T6 Aluminium Alloy Sheet
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 986 Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd On the Long-Term Stability
More informationSome Corrosion Characteristics of Aged Aluminum Alloy 6061 in Neutral and Alkaline Solutions
Some Corrosion Characteristics of Aged Aluminum Alloy 6061 in Neutral and Alkaline Solutions K.El-Menshawy 1, A.A.El-Sayed 1, M.E.El-Bedawy 1, H. A.Ahmed 2 and S.M.El-Raghy 2 1- Metallurgy Department,
More informationPitting Corrosion of Some Stainless Steel Alloys Preoxidized at Different Conditions
Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 25 (2007) 237-248 PORTUGALIAE ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Pitting Corrosion of Some Stainless Steel Alloys Preoxidized at Different Conditions S.S. Mahmoud * and M.M. Ahmed a Chemistry
More informationApplication Note CORR-4
Application Note CORR-4 Subject: Electrochemistry and Corrosion: Overview and Techniques INTRODUCTION During the late 70 s and early 80 s, corrosion specialists began to discover that electrochemical (ECHEM)
More informationErosion corrosion of mild steel in hot caustic. Part II: The evect of acid cleaning
Corrosion Science 48 (2006) 2660 2675 www.elsevier.com/locate/corsci Erosion corrosion of mild steel in hot caustic. Part II: The evect of acid cleaning Rihan Omar Rihan, Srdjan NeniT The Department of
More informationIMPROVING PITTING CORROSION OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL BY ELECTROPOLISHING TECHNIQUE
IMPROVING PITTING CORROSION OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL BY ELECTROPOLISHING TECHNIQUE M. Momeni, M. Esfandiari and M. H. Moayed* * mhmoayed@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir Received: May 2012 Accepted: November 2012 Materials
More informationIMPROVING PITTING CORROSION OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL BY ELECTROPOLISHING TECHNIQUE
IMPROVING PITTING CORROSION OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL BY ELECTROPOLISHING TECHNIQUE M. Momeni, M. Esfandiari and M. H. Moayed* * mhmoayed@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir Received: May 2012 Accepted: November 2012 Materials
More informationPitting corrosion of type 304 stainless steel and sulfate inhibition effect in chloride containing environments
Revista Tecnológica ESPOL RTE, Vol. 30, N. 3, 79-88 (Diciembre 2017) Pitting corrosion of type 304 stainless steel and sulfate inhibition effect in chloride containing environments Raul Davalos Monteiro
More informationThe Effect of Calcium Nitrite on the Electrochemical Characterization of 3003 Aluminum Alloys in Sea Water. H.Mogawer and R.Brown
The Effect of Calcium Nitrite on the Electrochemical Characterization of 3003 Aluminum Alloys in Sea Water H.Mogawer and R.Brown Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston,
More informationThe studies of corrosion resistance of AISI 316Ti SS in Ringer s solution after electropolishing and passivation in nitric acid
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 98 (2018) 46-60 EISSN 2392-2192 The studies of corrosion resistance of AISI 316Ti SS in Ringer s solution after electropolishing and passivation in nitric
More informationCorrosion inhibition of 316L stainless steel in plain tap water
International Journal of Chemistry and Material Science Vol. 2(4), pp. 068-073, November 2014 Available online at http://academeresearchjournals.org/journal/ijcms ISSN 2327-5553 2014 Academe Research Journals
More informationEffect of nitrogen addition on microstructure and erosion-corrosion behavior of stainless steel in acidic slurry
Effect of nitrogen addition on microstructure and erosion-corrosion behavior of stainless steel in acidic slurry *Li Ping 1-3, Cai Qi zhou 2, Wei Bo kang 2 and Li Feng jun 3 (1. School of Material Science
More information430 ULTRA FORM 430 STAINLESS STEEL
43 ULTRA FORM 43 STAINLESS STEEL Appliances Food Equipment General Construction Interior Architectural Trim Restaurant Equipment AK STEEL 43 ULTRA FORM STAINLESS STEEL was developed as a more formable
More informationThe Effect of Final Heat Treatment and Chemical Composition. on Sensitiztation, Strength and Thermal Stability of Alloy 625. M. Kohler, U.
The Effect of Final Heat Treatment and Chemical Composition on Sensitiztation, Strength and Thermal Stability of Alloy 625 M. Kohler, U. Heubner Krupp VDM GmbH Plettenberger Str. 2, D-58791 Werdohl / Germany
More informationCorrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Marine Environments
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Marine Environments Sunil Kumar Durgam 1, Ghanshyam Das 2, Anjani Kumar Singh 3 1M.Tech, Department of Materials & Metallurgical
More informationWhat happens if we connect Zn and Pt in HCl solution? Corrosion of platinum (Pt) in HCl. 1. If Zn and Pt are not connected
Corrosion of platinum (Pt) in HCl Now if we place a piece of Pt in HCl, what will happen? Pt does not corrode does not take part in the electrochemical reaction Pt is a noble metal Pt acts as a reference
More informationInvestigation of Fecraly Coating on Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel
Investigation of Fecraly Coating on Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria E-mail: joe_agboola@yahoo.com Abstract Steel
More informationCORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF Ni PTFE and Ni Al2O3 COATING
Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, Vol.1, No.1, November 2007 CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF Ni PTFE and Ni Al2O3 COATING 1 Ramachandran S, Anderson A, Abbas Mohaideen J 74 Abstract 1 Professor,
More informationMartensitic. stainless steels. Types 410, 420, 425 Mod, and 440A TECHNICAL DATA BLUE SHEET GENERAL PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS PRODUCT FORM
TECHNICAL DATA BLUE SHEET Martensitic Stainless Steels s 410, 420, 425 Mod, and 440A GENERAL PROPERTIES Allegheny Ludlum s 410, 420, 425 Modified, and 440A (see composition on Page 2) are hardenable, straight-chromium
More informationCD-Laboratory of Localized Corrosion, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria b
Possibilities and limitations of replacing a conventional corrosion test with an electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method using the example of alloy 625 M. Prohaskaa, T. Werniga, G. Moria, G.
More information