Diffusion in Fe-base Thick Coatings Produced by Hot Extrusion

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1 Diffusion in Fe-base Thick Coatings Produced by Hot Extrusion S. Weber, P. Silva Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Materials Diagnostics and Steel Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. A.R. Pyzalla Düsseldorf (Germany)

2 Definition of Wear Resistant Composite Materials Hot Extrusion Resulting Microstructures Thermo-Calc and Dictra Calculations Comparison with Experimental Results Conclusions & Outlook (1) Outline

3 steel powder PM hard composite materials - Mixture of steel powders and hard particles hard particles - Hard particles for increasing wear resistance - Compaction by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) => Materials with highest resistance against abrasive wear => Possibility of HIP-cladding => Application: Extruder coatings MMC after HIP (2) Introduction

4 substrate material (steel bar of ) large capsule and surrounding space filled with a cold work tool steel powder (1.2380) extruded bar with: core of high fracture toughness wear resistant layer of several milimeters inductive one billet furnace heating up system closed, evacuated, heat-treated treated (1150 C, 2h) and hot extruded (3) Hot Extrusion Process insertion of the billet into the container powder mixture is consolidated and bonded substrate deformed during process

5 coating substrate core Coating steel: cold work tool steel [1.2380] C Cr Mo V Mn Si Fe Bal. 8mm 8mm Interface region Substrate core bar: hot work tool steel [1.2714] Ø = ~30mm C Cr Mo V Mn Si Cu Ni Fe Bal. (4) Cross Section

6 extrusion direction µm Defect free interface region, no pores Full densification and bonding of tool steel powder substrate fully martensitic coating: martensitic matrix + embedded carbides (5) Microstructure

7 hot work tool steel - Fully austenitic at T=1150 C cold work tool steel - At 1150 C equilibrium of austenite with two different carbides (M 7 C 3 and MC) - Volume fraction M 7 C 3 : = 12.8 vol.-% - Volume Fraction MC: = 4.6 vol.-% Calculation Details Thermo-Calc => Thermo-Calc version R => TCFe4 database => T=1150 C, p=1e5pa => Basis for Dictra calculation Phases and element levels of and at 1150 C [wt%] C Cr Mo V Mn Si Ni Fe Austenite Bal Austenite Bal M 7 C Bal MC e Bal. (6) Thermo-Calc

8 Calculation Details Dictra Dictra version 2.4 / TCFe4 and Mob2 databases Isothermal calculation T=1150 C, p=1e5pa, 7200s and 36000s Phases: FCC_A1 (Matrix), M 7 C 3 (spheroid), MC (spheroid) Element levels and volume fraction of carbides according to TC calculation coating substrate FCC FCC MC + M 7 C 3 (spheroid) 16 mm (7) Dictra T = 1150 C, p=1e5 Pa

9 Cr [wt.%] Ni [wt.%] K DICTRA K EPMA coating substrate 2 2h / 1150 C ,8 K DICTRA K EPMA 1,5 1,2 0,9 0,6 0,3 Distance [µm] coating substrate Distance [µm] 2h / 1150 C V [wt.%] (8) Concentration Profiles Good agreement of measured and calculated profiles Deviation in vanadium profile K DICTRA K EPMA coating substrate 2h / 1150 C Distance [µm] Calculated width of interface region comparable to experimental results

10 coating substrate coating substrate Dissolution of M 7 C 3 leads to shift of interface with respect to the presence of this type of carbide Enrichment of MC carbides predicted to appear close to the initial interface, towards the coating Uphill diffusion and enrichment of carbon towards coating (9) Carbide Profiles

11 substrate coating substrate coating vanadium signal chromium signal Enrichment of V-rich carbides at interface Shift of M 7 C 3 due to dissolution Increased microhardness at interface towards coating due to carbide enrichment and higher local carbon content (10) EPMA / Microhardness

12 Diffusion between a coating of a cold work tool steel and a hot work tool steel was simulated with Dictra Calculated and measured element profiles are in good agreement Simulation predicts increase of MC carbide content and hardness at interface towards the substrate Microhardness and EPMA measurements are in agreement with this prediction Ongoing work on coatings with hard particle addition Thank you for your attention! (11) Conclusions / Outlook

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