Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys
|
|
- Anne Jones
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are some of the common fabrication techniques for metals? What heat treatment procedures are used to improve the mechanical properties of both ferrous and nonferrous alloys? Chapter 11-1
2 Metal Fabrication How do we fabricate metals? 1. Refining (Extraction) 2. Forming Refining Forming Rough stock formed to final shape Hot working vs. Cold working Chapter 11-2
3 Production of Iron from Ore Iron Ore Coke (carbon) (Fe 2 O 3 and impurities) Limestone (CaCO 3 to remove slag) BLAST FURNACE gas refractory vessel layers of coke and iron ore air slag Molten iron heat generation C + O 2 CO 2 reduction of iron ore to metal CO 2 + C 2CO 3CO + Fe 2 O 3 2Fe +3CO 2 purification CaCO 3 CaO+CO 2 CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 slag World annual production: ~10 9 ton Chapter 11-3
4 Production of Copper 1. Mining copper sulfides (CuFeS 2, Cu 2 S) 2. Remove Fe (through oxides) 3. Oxidize copper sulfides into copper oxides and decompose Cu 2 O to obtain copper 2Cu 2 S + 3O 2 = 2Cu 2 O + 2SO 2 2Cu 2 O = 4Cu + O 2 4. Further refining with help of (sulfuric) acid digestion and electro-deposition or further melting Cu e - = Cu Annual world production: ~20x10 6 ton ~80% of all copper recycled Chapter 11-4
5 Production of Aluminum Al bonds to oxygen strongly, difficult to reduce by carbon (as compared with Fe or Cu) or by thermal decomposition (as for Cu) Electrolytic production in molten salt of Na 3 AlF 6 -CaF 2 : 2Al 2 O 3 = 4Al + 3O 2 World annual production: 40x10 6 ton Chapter 11-5
6 Metal Fabrication Methods (i) FORMING Forging (Hammering; Stamping) (wrenches, crankshafts) A o die blank force force Drawing (rods, wire, tubing) A o die die A d A d tensile force often at elev. T die must be well lubricated & clean CASTING Rolling (Hot or Cold Rolling) (I-beams, rails, sheet & plate) A o force A o MISCELLANEOUS ram roll roll Extrusion (rods, tubing) container billet container A d Adapted from Fig. 11.8, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. die holder extrusion die ductile metals, e.g. Cu, Al (hot) Chapter 11-6 A d
7 Metal Fabrication Methods (ii) FORMING CASTING MISCELLANEOUS Casting- mold is filled with molten metal metal melted in furnace, perhaps alloying elements added, then cast in a mold common and inexpensive gives good production of shapes weaker products, internal defects good option for brittle materials and/or complex shape Chapter 11-7
8 Metal Fabrication Methods (iii) FORMING CASTING MISCELLANEOUS Sand Casting (large parts, e.g., auto engine blocks) Sand Sand molten metal Model material need to withstand T >~1500ºC and is inexpensive and easy to mold, e.g., sand To create mold, pack sand around form (pattern) of desired shape Chapter 11-8
9 Metal Fabrication Methods (iv) FORMING CASTING MISCELLANEOUS Investment Casting (low volume, complex shapes e.g., jewelry, turbine blades) Stage I Mold formed by pouring plaster of paris (CaSO4.2H2O) around wax pattern. Plaster allowed to harden. wax I Stage II Wax is melted and then poured from mold hollow mold cavity remains Stage III Molten metal is poured into mold and allowed to solidify. II III Chapter 11-9
10 Metal Fabrication Methods (v) FORMING CASTING MISCELLANEOUS Die Casting -- high volume -- for alloys having low melting temperatures Continuous Casting -- simple shapes (e.g., rectangular slabs, cylinders) molten solidified Chapter 11-10
11 Metal Fabrication Methods (vi) FORMING Powder Metallurgy (metals w/low ductility or very high melting points) pressure point contact at low T densify heat area contact densification by diffusion at higher T CASTING MISCELLANEOUS Welding (when fabrication of one large part is impractical) filler metal (melted) base metal (melted) fused base metal unaffected heat-affected zone unaffected piece 1 piece 2 (Electro) plating or other electrodeposition Adapted from Fig. 11.9, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig from Iron Castings Handbook, C.F. Walton and T.J. Opar (Ed.), 1981.) Chapter 11-11
12 Annealing of Metals Annealing: Heat to certain temperature Tanneal, then cool slowly. Stress Relief: Reduce stresses resulting from: - plastic deformation - nonuniform cooling - phase transform. Spheroidize (steels): Make very soft steels for good machining. Heat just below T eutectoid & hold for h. Process Anneal: Negate effects of cold working by (recovery/ recrystallization) Types of Annealing Full Anneal (steels): Make soft steels for good forming. Heat to get g, then furnace-cool to obtain coarse pearlite. Normalize (steels): Deform steel with large grains. Then heat treat to allow recrystallization and formation of smaller grains. Based on discussion in Section 11.7, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Chapter 11-12
13 Hardness, HRC Quenching & Hardenability -- Steels Hardenability measure of the ability for steel to form martensite a meta-stable phase with very high hardness specimen heated to g phase T (e.g., >727C) 24ºC water flat ground Rockwell C hardness tests Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig adapted from A.G. Guy, Essentials of Materials Science, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1978.) Plot hardness versus distance from the quenched end. Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Distance from quenched end Chapter 11-13
14 Hardness, HRC Reason Why Hardness Changes with Distance/Cooling Rate For steel, faster cooling harder (certain hard (meta-stable) phase formation); slower cooling softer (less or no hard phase formation) T(ºC) Fast cooling M(start) M(finish) A M distance from quenched end (in) Slow cooling 0% 100% Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig adapted from H. Boyer (Ed.) Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, 1977, p. 376.) Time (s) Chapter 11-14
15 Influences of Quenching Medium & Specimen Geometry Effect of quenching medium: Medium air oil water Rate of cooling low moderate high Effect of specimen geometry: When surface area-to-volume ratio increases: -- cooling rate throughout interior increases -- hardness throughout interior increases Position center surface Cooling rate low high Hardness low moderate high Hardness low high Chapter 11-15
16 Precipitation Hardening Particles impede dislocation motion and make alloys harder & stronger Ex: Al-Cu system 700 Procedure: T(ºC) L CuAl A: solution heat treatment +L q+l (get uniform solid solution) A B: quench to room temp. q (uniform solid solution) +q 400 C -- C: reheat/aging to nucleate small precipitates (q within phase) Other alloys that display precipitation hardening: Cu-Be Temp. Cu-Sn Mg-Al A (sol n heat treat) B (Al) wt% Cu composition range available for precipitation hardening Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig adapted from J.L. Murray, International Metals Review 30, p.5, 1985.) Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig is courtesy of G.H. Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.) C (precipitate q) Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. B Time Microstructure of Al with fine precipitates Chapter 11-16
17 tensile strength (MPa) %EL (2 in sample) Influence of Precipitation Heat Treatment on TS & %EL Example of Al Alloys: Maxima on TS curves w/ aging time yet min on EL% curve Increasing T accelerates precipitation hardening process Too long aging decreases strength again due to overageing or growth of precipitates ºC 204ºC 1min 1h 1day 1mo 1yr precipitation heat treat time ºC 149ºC 1min 1h 1day 1mo 1yr precipitation heat treat time Adapted from Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker (Managing Ed.), American Society for Metals, p. 41.) Chapter 11-17
18 Summary Ferrous alloys: steels and cast irons Non-ferrous alloys: -- Cu, Al, Ti, and Mg alloys; refractory alloys; and noble metals. Metal fabrication techniques: -- forming, casting, miscellaneous. Hardenability of metals -- measure of ability of a steel to be heat treated. Precipitation hardening --hardening & strengthening due to formation of precipitate particles. --Al, Mg alloys precipitation hardenable. Chapter 11-18
Types of Metal Alloys
Types of Metal Alloys Metal alloys Ferrous Nonferrous Steels Cast iron 257 Uses low carbon
More informationCHAPTER. Fabrication and Processing of Engineering Materials. Chapter 17 -
CHAPTER 17 Fabrication and Processing of Engineering Materials Chapter 17-1 Chapter 17: Fabrication and Processing of Engineering Materials ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are some of the common fabrication
More informationPhase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1
Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study
More informationPrecipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening
Outline Dispersion Strengthening Mechanical Properties of Steel Effect of Pearlite Particles impede dislocations. Things that slow down/hinder/impede dislocation movement will increase, y and TS And also
More information11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds.
11-2 11.2 (a) Ferrous alloys are used extensively because: (1) Iron ores exist in abundant quantities. (2) Economical extraction, refining, and fabrication techniques are available. (3) The alloys may
More informationChapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys
Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How are metal alloys classified and what are their common applications? What are some of the common fabrication techniques for
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time
More informationBFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties
More informationHEAT TREATMENT. Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability
Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability HEAT TREATMENT With focus on Steels Principles of Heat Treatment of Steels Romesh C Sharma New Age International (P)
More informationDislocations & Materials Classes. Dislocation Motion. Dislocation Motion. Lectures 9 and 10
Lectures 9 and 10 Chapter 7: Dislocations & Strengthening Mechanisms Dislocations & Materials Classes Metals: Disl. motion easier. -non-directional bonding -close-packed directions for slip. electron cloud
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-7 ALLOY STEELS Tool Steels TYPES of FERROUS ALLOYS FERROUS ALLOYS Plain Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Cast Irons - Low carbon Steel - Medium carbon steel - High carbon
More informationBulk Deformation Processes
Bulk Deformation Processes Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management with Honours Semester I Session 2013/2014 TOPIC OUTLINE What is Bulk Deformation? Classification of Bulk Deformation Processes Types
More informationWrought Aluminum I - Metallurgy
Wrought Aluminum I - Metallurgy Northbrook, IL www.imetllc.com Copyright 2015 Industrial Metallurgists, LLC Course learning objectives Explain the composition and strength differences between the alloy
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels
Heat Treatment of Steels Heat Treating is the process of heating and cooling a steel to obtain desired properties. Various types of heat treatment processes are used to change the following properties
More informationME 216 Engineering Materials II
ME 216 Engineering Materials II Chapter 12 Heat Treatment (Part II) Mechanical Engineering University of Gaziantep Dr. A. Tolga Bozdana Assistant Professor Hardenability It is the ability of steel to harden
More informationChapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 1 - Introduction What is materials science? Why should we know about it? Materials drive our society Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age Now? Silicon Age? Polymer Age? Chapter 1-1 Chapter 1-2 Hardness
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C
More informationEXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL
EXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Purpose The purposes of this experiment are to: Investigate the processes of heat treating of steel Study hardness testing and its limits Examine microstructures of
More informationChapter 8: Strain Hardening and Annealing
Slide 1 Chapter 8: Strain Hardening and Annealing 8-1 Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Relationship of cold working to the stress-strain curve 2. Strain-hardening mechanisms 3. Properties versus percent
More informationINDEX METALS FERRIC METALS NON-FERRIC METALS WORKING WITH METALS METAL FORMING TECHNIQUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF METAL EXTRACTION
METALS INDEX METALS FERRIC METALS NON-FERRIC METALS WORKING WITH METALS METAL FORMING TECHNIQUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF METAL EXTRACTION METALS CHEMICAL ELEMENTS FOUND IN NATURE IN SOLID STATE AT ROOM
More informationCHAPTER 4 1/1/2016. Mechanical Properties of Metals - I. Processing of Metals - Casting. Hot Rolling of Steel. Casting (Cont..)
Processing of Metals - Casting CHAPTER 4 Mechanical Properties of Metals - I Most metals are first melted in a furnace. Alloying is done if required. Large ingots are then cast. Sheets and plates are then
More informationChapter 15 Extrusion and Drawing of Metals
Introduction Chapter 15 Extrusion and Drawing of Metals Alexandra Schönning, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of North Florida Figures by Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Kalpakijan and
More informationChapter 15 Fundamentals of Metal Forming. Materials Processing. Deformation Processes. MET Manufacturing Processes
MET 33800 Manufacturing Processes Chapter 15 Fundamentals of Metal Forming Before you begin: Turn on the sound on your computer. There is audio to accompany this presentation. Materials Processing Chapters
More informationChapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11)
Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Study theme outcomes: After studying this chapter, students should or should be able to: - know and understand
More informationHEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes
HEAT TREATMENT Chapter 6 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING PROPERTIES 6.1 Structure Property Relationships Properties and structure can be manipulated and controlled Interactive relation
More informationMetal Forming Process. Prof.A.Chandrashekhar
Metal Forming Process Prof.A.Chandrashekhar Introduction Shaping of a component by the application of external forces is known as the metal forming. Metal forming can be described as a process in which
More informationMANUFACTURING PROCESSES
1 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES - AMEM 201 Lecture 8: Forming Processes (Rolling, Extrusion, Forging, Drawing) DR. SOTIRIS L. OMIROU Forming Processes - Definition & Types - Forming processes are those in which
More informationFerrous Alloys. Metal Alloys. Ferrous. Non ferrous. Grey iron. Carbon Low Alloy High Alloy. Nodular iron White iron Malleable iron Alloy cast irons
Metal Alloys Most engineering metallic materials are alloys. Metals are alloyed to enhance their properties, such as strength, hardness or corrosion resistance, and to create new properties, such as shape
More informationChapter 10: Phase Transformations
Chapter 10: Phase Transformations ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Transforming one phase into another takes time. Fe C FCC g (Austenite) Eutectoid transformation Fe 3 C (cementite) + a (ferrite) (BCC) How does the
More informationLAB IV. Effects of Heat Treatment on Steel, Aluminum and Brass Alloys - Microstructure and Properties
LAB IV Effects of Heat Treatment on Steel, Aluminum and Brass Alloys - Microstructure and Properties PRE LAB PREPARATION (required!) 1. Using the ASM metal handbooks or other resources find and print/copy
More informationJ = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2
1. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic
More informationMSE-226 Engineering Materials
MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-4 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS-2 CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION (CCT) DIAGRAMS: In industrial heat-treating operations, in most cases a steel is not isothermally
More informationStrengthening Mechanisms
Strengthening Mechanisms The ability of a metal/ alloy to plastically deform depends on the ability of dislocations to move. Strengthening techniques rely on restricting dislocation motion to render a
More informationFundamentals of Plastic Deformation of Metals
We have finished chapters 1 5 of Callister s book. Now we will discuss chapter 10 of Callister s book Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation of Metals Chapter 10 of Callister s book 1 Elastic Deformation
More informationMat E 272 Lecture 19: Cast Irons
Mat E 272 Lecture 19: Cast Irons November 8, 2001 Introduction: One reason steels and cast iron alloys find such wide-ranging applications and dominate industrial metal production is because of how they
More informationMATERIALS SCIENCE-44 Which point on the stress-strain curve shown gives the ultimate stress?
MATERIALS SCIENCE 43 Which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) The surface energy of a liquid tends toward a minimum. (B) The surface energy is the work required to create a unit area of additional
More information1-Materials Science & Materials Engineering
1-Materials Science & Materials Engineering 1-1-Structure & Properties Relationship (Materials Science or Materials Engineering) Processing Structure Properties Performance Sub Atomic Atomic Sub Atomic
More informationMTLS 4L04 Steel Section. Lecture 6
MTLS 4L04 Steel Section Lecture 6 Tempering of Martensite To get around the problem of the brittleness of the Martensite, Martensite is heat treated at elevated temperatures (200-700 C) to precipitate
More informationProperties A Metal B Non- metal Electronic configuration?? Nature of oxides?? Oxidizing or reducing action?? Conduction of heat and electricity??
CLASS: X NCERT (CBSE) SCIENCE: Chemistry Page: 1 Question 1: Compare the properties of a typical metal and a non-metal on the basis of the following. Fill in Column A, B. Properties A Metal B Non- metal
More informationFerrous Alloys. Steels
Ferrous Alloys Ferrous alloys those of which iron is the prime constituent are produced in larger quantities than any other metal type. They are especially important as engineering construction materials.
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CASK AFTER LONG TERM STORAGE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CASK AFTER LONG TERM STORAGE D.Ishiko, Y.Kawahara, T.Maeguchi, R.Yamamoto, J.Kishimoto Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD 2015 MITSUBISHI
More informationconcentration of acid in mol / dm 3 temperature / C ti / min
1 (a A small piece of marble, calcium carbonate, was added to 5 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid at 25 C. The time taken for the reaction to stop was measured. CaCO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g) + H
More informationSTRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS
Background Knowledge Yield Strength STRENGTHENING MECHANISM IN METALS Metals yield when dislocations start to move (slip). Yield means permanently change shape. Slip Systems Slip plane: the plane on which
More informationMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY UNIT II Hot & Cold Working - Drawing & Extrusion Drawing Drawing is an operation in which the cross-section of solid rod, wire or tubing is reduced or changed in shape by pulling
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle
Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee
More informationMachinability is the ease with which a given material may be worked with a cutting tool
Machinability Machinability is the ease with which a given material may be worked with a cutting tool Machinability ratings (MR) provide and understanding of the severity of a metalworking operation in
More informationTitanium and titanium alloys. Josef Stráský
Titanium and titanium alloys Josef Stráský Lecture 3: Technological aspects of Ti alloys Pure Ti metallurgy, properties and applications α+β alloys microstructures, metallurgy, heat treatment Ti-6Al-4V
More informationExperimental Investigation on the Effect of Annealing on Fatigue Life of SAE 202 and 440C Steels
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2017 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Experimental
More information2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Direct -Straightforward steady forward force by hydraulic ram Indirect -Has the advantage that there is no friction between billet and chamber (no movement) -Note dummy block at face of ram
More informationCreep and High Temperature Failure. Creep and High Temperature Failure. Creep Curve. Outline
Creep and High Temperature Failure Outline Creep and high temperature failure Creep testing Factors affecting creep Stress rupture life time behaviour Creep mechanisms Example Materials for high creep
More informationEFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM CONTENT IN PM STEELS
EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM CONTENT IN PM STEELS Bruce Lindsley and Howard Rutz Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA ABSTRACT Molybdenum (Mo) is a highly effective alloying element in ferrous powder
More informationObjective To study the time and temperature variations in the hardness of Al-4% Cu alloy on isothermal aging.
EXPERIMENT 8 PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 2024 ALUMINUM Objective To study the time and temperature variations in the hardness of Al-4% Cu alloy on isothermal aging. Introduction Materials can be hardened
More informationINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING. Manufacturing is Important. Manufacturing - Technologically Important
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING 1. What is Manufacturing? 2. Materials in Manufacturing 3. Manufacturing Processes 4. Production Systems 5. Organization of the Book Manufacturing is Important
More informationMaterial Science. Prof. Satish V. Kailas Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore India
Material Science Prof. Satish V. Kailas Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 India Chapter 9. Applications and Processing of Metals and Alloys
More informationAERO 214. Introduction to Aerospace Mechanics of Materials. Lecture 2
AERO 214 Introduction to Aerospace Mechanics of Materials Lecture 2 Materials for Aerospace Structures Aluminum Titanium Composites: Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites High Temperature
More informationHeat Treating Basics-Steels
Heat Treating Basics-Steels Semih Genculu, P.E. Steel is the most important engineering material as it combines strength, ease of fabrication, and a wide range of properties along with relatively low cost.
More informationCasting. Forming. Sheet metal processing. Powder- and Ceramics Processing. Plastics processing. Cutting. Joining.
Traditional Manufacturing Processes Casting Forming Sheet metal processing Powder- and Ceramics Processing Plastics processing Cutting Joining Surface treatment FUNDAMENTALS OF METAL FORMING Overview of
More informationUddeholm Formvar. FORMVAR is a trade mark registered in the European Union
Uddeholm Formvar FORMVAR is a trade mark registered in the European Union UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright
More informationEffect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade B Cu-Precipitation-Strengthened Steel
To be presented at Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference (MS&T 09) October 25-29, 2009, Pittsburgh, PA Effect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade
More informationNanoSteel 3rd Generation AHSS: Auto Evaluation and Technology Expansion
NanoSteel 3rd Generation AHSS: Auto Evaluation and Technology Expansion Dr. D.J. Branagan Chief Technical Officer & Founder The NanoSteel Company Outline NanoSteel 3 rd Generation AHSS Structural formation
More informationEffect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural
More informationMetals I. Anne Mertens
"MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 19/09/2017 25/10/2016 Metals I Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Metallic materials Materials Selection: case
More informationHeat Treatment of Steel Lab Report. Justin Lance 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping
Heat Treatment of Steel Lab Report Justin Lance justalance@gmail.com 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping troytopping@gmail.com ABSTRACT We observed how the properties of 4140 steel vary
More informationMold Design. 12. Mold Materials. Bong-Kee Lee School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University
12. Mold Materials Bong-Kee Lee Chonnam National University Mold Materials easy toolmaking good performance during production good machining properties ease of hear treatment where hardening is required
More informationCasting Process Part 2
Mech Zone Casting Process Part 2 (SSC JE Mechanical/ GATE/ONGC/SAIL BHEL/HPCL/IOCL) Sand Casting cope: top half drag: bottom half core: for internal cavities funnel sprue runners gate cavity {risers, vents}
More informationExperiment E: Martensitic Transformations
Experiment E: Martensitic Transformations Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to introduce students to a family of phase transformations which occur by shear rather than diffusion. In metals,
More informationGENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY
GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY 1. What is matrix? The ore is generally associated with rock impurities like clay, sand etc. called gangue or matrix 2. What is mineral? The natural
More information9. Welding Defects 109
9. Welding Defects 9. Welding Defects 109 Figures 9.1 to 9.4 give a rough survey about the classification of welding defects to DIN 8524. This standard does not classify existing welding defects according
More informationChapter 14 Forging of Metals
Introduction Chapter 14 Forging of Metals Alexandra Schönning, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering University of North Florida Figures by Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Kalpakijan and Schmid What is
More informationThe Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram
The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram Steels: alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). Fe-C phase diagram is complex. Will only consider the steel part of the diagram, up to around 7% Carbon. University
More informationSolidification of Metals in Molds
Metal Casting Solidification of Metals in Molds Pure Metals - Solidify at a constant temperature Planar solidification front Columnar crystals Eutectics - Solidify at a constant temperature Planar solidification
More informationEffect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ISSN: 2278-067X, Volume 2, Issue 1 (July 2012), PP. 07-13 www.ijerd.com Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
More informationElectron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications Abstract Introduction The Electron Beam Melting Process
Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications R.S. Kircher, A.M. Christensen, K.W. Wurth Medical Modeling, Inc., Golden, CO 80401 Abstract The Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals. Goals of this unit
Mechanical Properties of Metals Instructor: Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Goals of this unit Quick survey of important metal systems Detailed coverage of basic mechanical properties, especially
More informationImpact 7 Steel. A Durable, Dependable Steel Solution For Harsh Environments. Technical Data. Alloy Description. Alloy Type. Typical Applications
Impact 7 Steel Technical Data A Durable, Dependable Steel Solution For Harsh Environments Alloy Description As a world leader in steel manufacturing, TimkenSteel specializes in providing custom steel solutions
More informationMetal Matrix Composite (MMC)
Matrix Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) The matrix is the monolithic material into which the reinforcement is embedded, and is completely continuous. This means thatt there is apath throughh the matrix ti
More informationExtrusion of complex shapes
Extrusion of complex shapes 1 Hot extrusion Hot extrusion is the process of forcing a heated billet to flow through a shaped die opening It is used to produce long, strait metal products of constant cross
More informationThe Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Fine Grain Ring Forging
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Fine Grain Ring Forging Zixing Wang 1, Dianhua Zhou 1, Qun Deng 2, Guosheng Chen 1, Wei Xie 1 1 Special Steel R & D Center of Special Steel Business
More informationMME 291: Lecture 13. Today s Topics. Heat treatment fundamentals Classification of heat treatment Annealing of steels Normalising of steels
MME 291: Lecture 13 Heat Treatment of Steels #1: Annealing and Normalising Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Heat treatment fundamentals Classification of heat treatment
More informationHot Forming. Kalpakjian
Hot Forming Kalpakjian Hot Working: Forging Open Die Forging www.smeedwerkunica.nl Paul Berenson, www.paulb.com T.Green, WIT Forging: Heat Loss Metal near die surfaces are coolest, flow less www.freedomalloysusa.com
More informationLecture 11: Metallic Alloys
Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys TRIP Steels A phase change can do work; a good example of this is how viruses infect
More informationOutline CASTING PROCESS - 2. The Mold in Casting. Sand Casting Mold Terms. Assoc Prof Zainal Abidin Ahmad Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Outline CASTING PROCESS - 2 Assoc Prof Zainal Abidin Ahmad Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Casting Molds Gating system pouring basin, sprue, runner, gate Riser Core Heating and melting Melting furnaces Pouring
More informationThe Convenience Stores For Metal
TOOL STEEL SELECTOR GUIDE Application Suggested Grades Arbors... O1, A2, A6 Battering Tools... S5, S1, S7 Blacksmith Tools... S5, S1 Boiler-Shop Tools... S5, S1, S7 Bolt Clippers... S5, S1 Boring Tools...
More informationChapter 18: Powder Metallurgy
Chapter 18: Powder Metallurgy ผ ช วยศาสตราจารย เร อโท ดร. สมญา ภ นะยา Reference: DeGarmo s Materials and Processes in Manufacturing 18.1 Introduction Powder metallurgy is the name given to the process
More informationInternational Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015)
International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) Influence of Er on Microstructure and Properties of Al-0.2%Zr-0.06%B Heat-resistant Alloy Conductor Prepared by Continuous ECAE
More informationSTANDARD STEELS STANDARD STEELS 403
STANDARD STEELS 403 STANDARD STEELS Standard Steels Compositions, Applications, and Heat Treatments Steel is the generic term for a large family of iron carbon alloys, which are malleable, within some
More informationMaterials engineering. Iron and steel making
Materials engineering Iron and steel making Metals: rarely exist in pure state mostly in ores Ore: Metallic and other compounds, mostly oxides Metallic content: Iron ores: 30-70% Fe Copper ores: 0.1-0.8
More informationThe University of Jordan School of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department
The University of Jordan School of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department 0905351 Engineering Materials Science Second Semester 2016/2017 Course Catalog 3 Credit hours.all engineering structures and
More informationPowder-Metal Processing and Equipment
Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment Text Reference: Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Kalpakjian & Schmid, 6/e, 2010 Chapter 17 Powder Metallurgy Metal powders are compacted into desired and
More informationPowder Metallurgy. Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment 11/10/2009
Powder Metallurgy Powder-Metal Processing and Equipment Metal powders are compacted into desired and often complex shapes and sintered* to form a solid piece * Sinter: To heat without melting Text Reference:
More informationATI 718 ATI 718. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-Base Superalloy INTRODUCTION FORMS AND CONDITIONS AVAILABLE SPECIFICATIONS. (UNS Designation N07718)
ATI 718 Nickel-Base Superalloy (UNS Designation N07718) INTRODUCTION ATI 718 alloy (N07718) is an austenitic nickel-base superalloy which is used in applications requiring high strength to approximately
More informationTypes of manufacturing processes
Materials processing Metal parts undergo sequence of processes Primary alter the ( raw ) material s basic shape or form. Sand casting Rolling Forging Sheet metalworking Types of manufacturing processes
More informationAdvances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS)
Advances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) Low strength steel HSS UHSS Development of new steel grade materials that can withstand more strength
More information1. Plastic products that are formed into a permanent shape by heat and pressure and may not be altered after curing are produced by which process?
Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Rowan Assessment: 9_12 T and I IV22 - Drafting - Engnrng II Test 1 Description: Unit C - Manufacturing 1 Form: 501 1. Plastic products that are formed into a permanent
More informationCHY1H (JUN09CHY1H01) General Certifi cate of Secondary Education June Unit Chemistry C1. CHEMISTRY Unit Chemistry C1.
Surname Other Names For Examiner s Use Centre Number Candidate Number Candidate Signature General Certifi cate of Secondary Education June 2009 SCIENCE B Unit Chemistry C1 CHEMISTRY Unit Chemistry C1 CHY1H
More informationThe following steps are used in the powder metallurgy techniques:
Advantages of Powder Metallurgy Virtually unlimited choice of alloys and non metallicswith associated properties. * A variety of metal or non metal powders can be used. * Refractory materials are popularly
More information1. Dimensions, Tolerance and Related Attributes DIMENSIONS, TOLERANCES AND SURFACE. 2. Surface. Surface Technology.
DIMENSIONS, TOLERANCES AND SURFACE 1. Dimension, Tolerances and Related Attributes 2. Surfaces 3. Effect of Manufacturing Processes 1. Dimensions, Tolerance and Related Attributes Dimensions a numerical
More informationPowder Metallurgy Products. From Ore To Powder, To Meet Your Requirements!
Powder Metallurgy Products From Ore To Powder, To Meet Your Requirements! Rio Tinto Metal Powders Powder Metallurgy Products Rio Tinto Metal Powders (RTMP, formerly QMP) is the only major powder producer
More informationEFFECT OF POST SINTERING THERMAL TREATMENTS ON DIMENSIONAL PRECISION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SINTER-HARDENING PM STEELS
EFFECT OF POST SINTERING THERMAL TREATMENTS ON DIMENSIONAL PRECISION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SINTER-HARDENING PM STEELS Bruce Lindsley and Thomas Murphy Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077
More information