The advantages and use of ceramics in medicine
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1 The advantages and use of ceramics in medicine G. Carl Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Otto-Schott-Institut (now with JSJ Jodeit GmbH Jena) ORTHOSONIC CERAMIC CONFERENCE Saturday 6 th July 2002
2 bioceramics bioceramics bioglass-ceramics bioglasses
3 bioceramics dens, nonporous /porous components of composites granules /powder coatings
4 bioceramics bioinert - alumina ceramic - zirconia ceramic - glassy carbon biotolerant -glass-ceramics without apatite crystals bioactive -hydroxyapatite -bioglasses -bioglass-ceramics with apatite bioresorbable - ß-TCP - bioglasses - bioglass-ceramics
5 alumina bioceramic - high-density / high-purity - good biocombatibility excellent corrosion resistance high wear resistance low coefficient of friction very low surface roughness values high strength high fracture toughness
6 properties of alumina bioceramic properties Al 2 O 3 content [wt-%] density [g/cm³] average grain size [µm] hardness [HV] compressive strength [MPa] bending strength [MPa] Youngs Modulus [GPa] fracture toughness [MPa*m -1/2 ] alumina bioceramic > 99,8 > 3, ISO alumina standard ,5 3,9 < 7 >
7 alumina bioceramic contact angle microstructure
8 hip prostheses balls & sockets keratoprostheses corneal replacements knee prostheses bone screws alumina ceramic dental implants alveolar ridge maxillofacial reconstructions middle ear implants
9 clinical applications of alumina bioceramic
10 properties of zirconia bioceramic properties ZrO 2 / Al 2 O 3 content [wt-%] density [g/cm³] average grain size [µm] hardness [HV] bending strength [MPa] Youngs Modulus [GPa] fracture toughness [MPa*m -1/2 ] zirconia bioceramic > 97 5,6 6, alumina bioceramic 99,8 3,
11 Moje zirconia implants
12 biotolerable bioglass-ceramics systems mica glass-ceramics (machinable) - Bioverit II microstructure of mica glass-ceramics with plate like (right) and curved mica crystals (left, Bioverit II), scanning electron micrograph
13 biotolerable bioglass-ceramics systems mica glass-ceramics (machinable) leucite glass-ceramics lithium silicate glass-ceramics properties biocompatible, non-toxic high chemical resistance good mechanical properties clinical applications dental restorations middle ear implants skull reconstructions
14 biotolerable mica bioglass-ceramic Bioverit II middle ear implants skull cap dental restorations - inlays
15 bioactive bioceramics hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 properties high biocompatibility high bone bonding ability high chemical resistance low mechanical strength clinical applications bone void filler (nonporous, porous coraline) coatings microstructure of a porous hydroxyapatite ceramic
16 bioactive bioceramics hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2
17 bioactive bioceramics bioglass sytem: Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -(F - )
18 bioactive bioceramics bioglass properties excellent biocompatibility high bio reactivity high bone bonding ability low chemical resistance low mechanical strength clinical applications bone void filler coatings composites middle ear implants dental implants
19 bioactive bioceramics bioglass-ceramics bioglass-ceramics Ceravital Cerabone Bioverit System Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 - P 2 O 5 MgO-CaO-SiO 2 - P 2 O 5 -F - Na 2 O-K 2 O-MgO- Al 2 O 3 -CaO-SiO 2 - P 2 O 5 -F - crystal phases apatite apatite, wollastonite apatite mica bone bonding ability very high very high high chemical resistance low high high mechanical strength low high high
20 bioactive bioglass-ceramic Bioverit I electron-beam microprobe investigation of the intergrowth zone between bone (left) and bioglass-ceramic Bioverit I (right) intergrowth between bone and glassceramic Bioverit I (scanning electron micrograph) intergrowth between bone (yellow) and glassceramic Bioverit I (optical micrograph)
21 bioactive bioceramics bioglass-ceramics clinical applications bone spacer coatings composites distance-keeping implants in osteotomy artificial vertebras dental implants glass-ceramic implants of Bioverit I
22 bioresorbable bioceramics systems ß-TCP (ß-tri calcium phosphate) phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics properties high biocompatibility controlled resorption or biodegratation low chemical resistance poor mechanical strength clinical applications (powder, porous solid, dens solid) bone void filler
23 coatings with bioactive ceramics * technology: plasma spraying sputtering sol-gel-process sintering * requirements: good biocompatibility, bone bonding similar thermal expansion coefficients high chemical stability good adhesive strength of the coating no changes of the substrates by the coating process
24 Bioverit I coating on Moje zirconia prostheses * coating process bioactive glassceramic Bioverit I milling (d ~ 10 µm) mixing of the powder with water zirconia endoprostheses coated zirconia endoprostheses sintering process at C painting of the slip and drying
25 Bioverit I coating on Moje zirconia prostheses * results good biocompatibility, bone bonding ability dense and crack-free layer long term stability good adhesive strength of the coating no changes of the zirconia ceramic microstructure of the coating, scanning electron micrograph intergrowth of coating and bone, optical photomicrograph
26 summary Bioceramics: wide range of biological properties different chemical compositions various chemical and mechanical properties different shape and size wide range of clinical applications
27 Ergänzungsfolien
28 bioceramics interface range
29 bioactive bioglass-ceramic Bioverit I bone connection bone connection in dependence of the time of implantation in an animal experiment glass-ceramic Bioverit I implants in comparison to corundum implants
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