Alloys for Mobility & Electronics

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1 Alloys for Mobility & Electronics Materials for the future.

2 VDM Metals develops new and improved alloys suited to your individual needs.

3 VDM Metals VDM Metals Your partner for technological challenges Growing global interdependence and the increasing role of technology in everyday life demand a constant ability to innovate. The increasing demand for mobility and the ever deeper technical penetration of all aspects of our lives are two of the most crucial challenges facing mankind in the future. On the one hand, solving the world s needs for ever faster logistics and delivery and ensuring access to innovations in technology, on the other hand, create a growing need for advanced materials. Our customers expect bespoke materials that meet their individual technical requirements and at the same time meet the requirements of a sustainable production at every step of the production chain. In this complex scenario we rely on the experience and the innovative spirit of our teams of experts in research and development, R&D application engineering and process design. We break new ground in enhancing the performance potential of our materials, while optimizing their scope for application. VDM Metals provides assistance with material selection and offers support for processing and fabrication. We conduct extensive tests in our state-of-the-art laboratories and hold all relevant approvals. VDM Metals develops new and improved alloys to meet your individual needs. Efficient networking with industrial partners, universities and research institutes is an important factor for the successful development of new technologies. We maintain constant dialogue with our customers and various institutions. This enables us to identify new potential applications for our materials and to generate innovative solutions for the challenging environments that our increasingly mobile future will present.

4 VDM Metals has substantially expanded its production capacities and capabilities in recent years. Our investments prepare the ground for growth, assure the quality of our products, and enhance the reliability of delivery.

5 VDM Metals VDM Metals Your partner for high-performance alloys Over 80 years of metallurgical know-how our promise of consistently high quality Ongoing investment in modern production equipment ensures the high quality of our products and processes. VDM Metals is optimally prepared to meet the needs and challenges of today s and future markets with a comprehensive spectrum of state-of-the-art plant and equipment such as vacuum induction melting furnaces (VIM), electron beam furnaces (EB), electroslag / vacuum remelting furnaces, hot and cold rolling mills, machinery and equipment for finishing lines, such as annealing furnaces, shot-blasting and pickling facilities, straightening and leveling machines, and grinders. Designed for use in advanced production processes, all of our machinery and equipment incorporates leading-edge process data acquisition. This allows VDM Metals to ensure the highest level of productivity and reproducible product quality. One of the most recent additions to our integrated production chain is an open die forging press which enables us to carry out essential process steps in-house, a vital prerequisite for a stable manufacturing process. The expansion of our electroslag remelting facilities and investment in our finishing and surface treatment capacities will make us even better positioned in future to meet our customers growing demands. In these ways we can promise maximum purity and homogeneity of our products as well as optimum processing properties and flexible availability.

6 Automotive VDM Metals Your partner for the highest standards VDM materials help develop more efficient vehicles. The technical demands on the combustion engine and its components are continuously increasing in the context of down-sizing. The performance that used to come from a 3-litre engine can now be achieved by a turbocharged 2-litre engine. As a result exhaust gas temperatures are rising. This means that the stainless steels previously used for these components have reached their limits, and that is where nickel alloys from VDM come in. They can resist these temperatures and thus help to reduce the impact of motor vehicle exhaust gas on the environment. As a producer of high-alloy materials that resist extreme corrosion and temperature loads while continuing to offer high strength, VDM Metals contributes to the realization of series production solutions for innovative drive and exhaust systems. Our materials are used in engine valves, exhaust systems, electronic components, supplementary heating systems and ai bags. Almost all spark plug manufacturers use our round and flat wires in their production of electrodes. Other materials in our portfolio, such as Nicrofer 6023 H and Nicrofer 6025 HT, have established themselves in the production of glow plugs and lambda probes. In close dialog with our customers, our R&D department develops materials that precisely match their individual needs. We produce these materials in consistently high quality using our modern plant and equipment. Drawing from a vast wealth of experience and competence, our process developers and application engineers assist our customers with expert advice in the selection of materials and machining processes. Customers in the process of developing new applications are supplied with samples for test purposes, be it material from our stock on hand or via miniquantities from our test furnaces. Our worldwide sales organization ensures local proximity wherever support is needed for globally networked customers.

7 VDM Metals accompanies its customers from the predevelopment phase to series-production readiness to the start of production.

8 Typical alloys Heating element Aluchrom I n/a n/a Fe, 20 Cr, 5 Al x Aluchrom 0 n/a n/a Fe, 22 Cr, 5 Al x Aluchrom W n/a n/a Fe, 15 Cr, 4 Al x x Cronix 70 n/a N Ni, 30 Cr, 1,3 Si x x Cronix 80 n/a N Ni, 20 Cr, 1,3 Si x x Cronifer II n/a N Ni, 15 Cr, 1,4 Si x x Cronifer III n/a n/a Fe, 30 Ni, 20 Cr, 2.4 Si x x Cronifer 40 B n/a n/a Fe, 37 Ni, 1.8 Si, 0.1 La x x Konstantan n/a n/a Cu, 44 Ni x x Foil for catalytic converters Aluchrom 4 18 Y Hf n/a n/a Fe, 18 Cr, 4.35 Al, 0.06 Y, 0.05 Hf, 0.04 Zr x Aluchrom Y Hf n/a n/a Fe, 21 Cr, 6 Al, 0.06 Y, 0.04 Hf, Zr x Heat-resistant alloys Nicrofer 3220 (H) 800 (H) N Fe, 31 Ni, 21 Cr, 0.35 Ti, 0.25 Al, 0.07 C x x x x x Nicrofer 6023 H 601 H N Ni, 23 Cr, 14 Fe, 1.4 Al, 0.5 Ti, 0.06 C x x x x x Nicrofer 6025 HT 602 CA N Ni, 25 Cr, 9.5 Fe, 2.3 Al, 0.2 Ti, 0.18 C, 0.1 Y, 0.1 Zr x x x x x Nicrofer 7216 (H) 600 (H) N Ni, 16 Cr, 9 Fe, 0,04 C x x x x x Age-hardenable alloys and super-alloys Cronifer 1525 Ti 286 S Fe, 25 Ni, 15 Cr, 2.1 Ti, 1.5 Mn, 1.3 Mo, 0.3 V x Nicrofer 5120 CoTi C-263 N Ni, 20 Co, 20 Cr, 6 Mo, 2.1 Ti, 0.5 Al, 0.5 Fe, 0.06 C x x x x x Nicrofer 5219 Nb 718 N Ni, 19 Cr, 19 Fe, 5 Nb, 3 Mo x x x x x Nicrofer 5520 Co 617 N Ni, 23 Cr, 12 Co, 9 Mo, 1 Al, 1 Fe 0.5 Ti, 0.06 C x x x x x Nicrofer 6020 hmo 625 N Ni, 22 Cr, 9 Mo. 3.4 Nb x x x x x Nicrofer 7016 TiAl 751 N Ni, 16 Cr, 7 Fe, 2.25 Ti, 1.2 Al x x Nicrofer 7520 Ti 80A N Ni, 20 Cr, 2.4 Ti, 1.4 Al x x Special alloys Crofer 22 APU n/a S Fe, 22 Cr, 0.5 Mn, 0.1 Ti, 0.1 La x x x Crofer 22 H n/a n/a Fe, 22 Cr, 2 W, 0.5 Nb, 0.5 Mn, 0.1 Ti, 0.1 La x x x x x A complete list of available alloys on request

9 Expansion alloys Pernifer K Fe, 36 Ni x x x x x Pernifer K Fe, 40 Ni x x Pernifer 42 n/a K Fe, 42 Ni x x x Pernifer N Ni, 47 Ni x x Pernifer n/a Ni, 46 Fe x x Pernifer 2006 n/a n/a Fe, 20,5 Ni, 6 Mn x Pernifer 2203 n/a n/a Fe, 22 Ni, 3 Cr x Pernifer 2918 n/a K Fe, 29 Ni, 17 Co x x x x x Pernifer 4706 n/a n/a Fe, 47 Ni, 6 Cr x x Soft magnetic alloys Magnifer 36 n/a n/a Fe, 36 Ni x x x x x Magnifer 50 n/a K Fe, 48 Ni x x Magnifer 75 n/a N Ni, 15.7 Fe, 5 Cu, 2 Cr x Magnifer 7904 n/a N Ni, 14 Fe, 5 Mo x x x Nickel alloys Ni N Ni x x x x x LC-Ni N Ni x x x x x LC-Ni N Ni x x x x x Ni 99.6 K 233 N Ni x x x x x NiMn1 n/a n/a Ni, 0.5 Mn x NiMn 2 Roe LC 212 n/a Ni, 1.65 Mn x NiMn 5 Roe 211 n/a Ni, 4.75 Mn x Spark plug alloys A complete list of available alloys on request NiCr2Mn n/a n/a n/a Ni, 1.8 Cr, 1.95 Mn x NiCr2MnSi n/a n/a Ni, 1.6 Cr, 1.5 Mn, 0.55 Si x NiCr5MnSi n/a n/a n/a Ni, 4.8 Cr, 2.8 Mn, 1.8 Si x NiCr4Mn n/a n/a n/a Ni, 4 Cr, 3.45 Mn, 1.2 Si x Nicrofer N Ni, 15 Cr, 7.4 Fe x NiSiAlY Hf n/a n/a n/a Ni, 1.65 Si, 1.35 Al, 0.12 Y, 0.08 Hf x

10 Shipbuilding VDM Metals Your partner for tall tasks VDM accompanies you no matter where you are coming from or where you are heading for. Our world is converging; the division of labor extends around the globe. German companies export machine components to the USA, Korean producers supply the world with consumer electronics with no end in sight for the expansion of cross-border trading. In times of lean management and just-in-time production, punctuality and reliability are decisive competitive advantages. In the shipbuilding industry, demand for reliable components is greater than ever. VDM produces materials that ensure reliable, trouble-free operation even under extreme conditions. In shipbuilding it is not just the application environment of our materials which is different, but also the dimensions involved. Our nickel alloys, for example, are used in the valves of giant ship engines that can weigh in at anything up to several hundred tons. The heat exchangers for cooling the various units are subject to particularly stringent requirements, for at sea, seawater is used for cooling, and this is extremely corrosive. To ensure lowmaintenance cooling systems, our titanium sheet is used to design the plate heat exchangers for these systems.

11 VDM Metals materials give reliable service even under extreme conditions.

12 Our goal is to make pioneering and resource conserving technologies suitable for everyday use.

13 Clean technologies VDM Metals Your partner for a clean future Materials from VDM help visions become reality Year after year, some 60,000 patent applications are filed with the German Patent and Trademark Office, but not every new idea can be realized with conventional, well-known means. This is why demands on material selections are increasing. As a partner to industry, VDM Metals supports development and optimization processes. Our goal is to make pioneering and resource conserving technologies suitable for everyday use. Thus we supply strip for the receiver tubes in thermodynamic solar power plants. Our Crofer alloy makes decisive contributions to the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Crofer possesses all the properties required for SOFC interconnector plates: an expansion coefficient matched to that of the electrolyte, high corrosion resistance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent formability. Another application area of VDM materials is the development of enhanced-performance batteries. Here our alloys help to make regenerated electricity storable an important contribution to tomorrow s energy supply. Another future-oriented project concerns the modernization and expansion of power supply network. VDM Metals has developed a material that reduces the thermal expansion of highvoltage cables by the factor 4, while maintaining high mechanical strength. This means that new high-voltage cables can transmit larger amounts of power than it has been possible up to now with conventional overhead lines.

14 The applications for VDM alloys are many and varied from support wires in light bulbs to heating elements in ceramic hobs.

15 Electronics VDM Metals Your partner for efficient everyday technologies VDM materials in everyday life A whole host of electronic devices make life easier for us: from the light bulb to the refrigerator to the smartphone. R&D departments of large industrial enterprises are developing tomorrow s products today, but every new development or improvement has its own set of demands on the materials used. Electronic components play an important role in almost every area of our private and working lives. A typical example for the application of VDM materials in this context is the worldwide use of nickel alloys in the heating element industry. Metallic heating elements are used wherever electric current is converted into heat, e.g. in ceramic hobs and in tubular heaters. And whenever you have switched on the light in your home there is a good chance that you have been in touch with VDM materials, because they are used for the lead wires in modern lamps. In the field of precision engineering VDM alloys are used in transformers, transducers and in fault current circuit breakers. Soft magnetic materials (VDM Magnifer alloys) with their magnetic screening properties provide for trouble-free functioning of electronic components in vehicles and process equipment. In medical engineering VDM materials go into X-ray apparatus and magnetic resonance tomographs.

16 Disclaimer 1. General VDM Metals GmbH makes all reasonable efforts to ensure that the information and data contained in this brochure are accurate. 2. Liability exclusion Any liability or guarantee for the topicality, correctness and completeness of the information provided is excluded. All statements provided in this brochure about the properties or use of products or materials mentioned in this brochure are intended only for the purposes of product description and information. Guarantees regarding particular properties of products or materials and their suitability for specific applications require a written agreement. VDM Metals GmbH reserves the right to make changes or amendments to the contents of this brochure without informing you. 3. Copyright All images used in this brochure are the exclusive property of VDM Metals GmbH and are protected by German and international copyright. They may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted or modified without written permission from VDM Metals GmbH. Any use of an image as part of another visual concept or for other illustration purposes (digital, artistic or other rendition) is a breach of German and international copyright law. Any content that is not the property of VDM Metals GmbH is subject to the copyright conditions of the respective legal owner. 4. Trademarks and brands All brand names and trademarks named in the brochure and which may be protected by third parties are subject without reservation to the regulations of the applicable trademark law and the ownership rights of the relevant registered owner. It may not be assumed that trade marks are not protected by third-party rights simply because they are named. The data provided in this brochure, in particular that which relates to products or alloys, is provided purely for information purposes and is not intended for construction purposes or other technical use. The information provided has been prepared with great care. No liability is accepted, however, for any errors or omissions. Headquarters VDM Metals GmbH Plettenberger Straße Werdohl Germany Phone +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) vdm@vdm-metals.com VDM Metals USA, LLC 306 Columbia Turnpike Florham Park, NJ USA Phone Fax vdmusasales@vdm-metals.com Copyright 05/2015 by VDM Metals GmbH, Werdohl, Germany