Iron,the 2 most common metal in Earth's crust, after aluminium, but because it reacts so readily with oxygen it's never mined in its pure form

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2 Iron,the 2 most common metal in Earth's crust, after aluminium, but because it reacts so readily with oxygen it's never mined in its pure form (though meteorites are occasionally discovered that contain samples of pure iron Iron exist on the surface of earth in the form of its oxides i.e. compounds of iron and oxygen.

3 The ores of iron are: Hematite Limonite Goethite Magnetite Pyrite Siderite Taconite Taconite 8% Siderite 14% Pyrite 14% Magneth ite 19% Iron content Hematit e 20% Goethite 8% limonite 17%

4 Physical Properties : Appearance Greyish White Metal Melting Point 1,536 C (2,797 F) Boiling point 3,000 C (5,400 F) Density 7.87g/cm 3

5 Chemical Properties: It is not available in pure form as iron reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere and forms iron oxide Fe 2 O 3.

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7 Uses:

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9 Basic raw iron is called pig iron because it's produced in the form of chunky molded blocks known as pigs. Pig iron is made by heating an iron ore (rich in iron oxide) in a blast furnace. Inside the furnace, the iron ore reacts chemically with coke (a carbon-rich form of coal) and limestone. The coke "steals" the oxygen from the iron oxide (in a chemical process called reduction), leaving behind a relatively pure liquid iron, while the limestone helps to remove the other parts of the rocky ore (including clay, sand, and small stones), which form a waste slurry known as slag.

10 USES OF PIG IRON Pig iron was worked into wrought iron in finery forges and more recently in steel. Used to produce grey iron. The hot metal was then poured into steel making vessel to produce steel.

11 PROPERTIES OF PIG IRON Basic raw materials of all iron and produce blast furnace. Consist Carbon Silicon Manganese Sulphur 16% 1% 19% 64%

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15 Lets see how is the iron heated

16 CAST IRON

17 Cast iron is simply liquid iron that has been cast: poured into a mold and allowed to cool and harden to form a finished structural shape, such as a pipe, a gear, or a big girder for an iron bridge. Pig iron is actually a very basic form of cast iron, but it's molded only very crudely because it's typically melted down to make steel. The high carbon content of cast iron (the same as pig iron roughly 3 4 percent) makes it extremely hard and brittle: large crystals of carbon embedded in cast iron stop the crystals of iron from moving about.

18 Carbon 2.5-4% Silicon 1-3% It consists of manganese sulphur and phosphorous.

19 TYPES OF CAST IRON i. GREY CAST IRON ii. WHITE CAST IRON iii. MELLABLE CAST IRON iv. DUCTILE CAST IRON

20 WHITE CAST IRON It displays white fractured surface due to presence of carbide impurities in it. It has lower silicon content and faster cooling rate thus it is brittle. 14% 34% 7% 28% 17% Proportion Carbon Silicon Manganese Phosphourous Sulphur

21 GREY CAST IRON It is characterised by its graphitic microstructure, which causes fracture of the material to appear grey. It is the most common used cast iron and the most widely used cast iron based on weight. Tensile strength is low. Compressive strength is more which enables casting.

22 Carbon 2.5-4%. Silicon 1-3%. Manganese 0.5%. Phosphorous 0.2%. Sulphur 0.1%. Proportion Carbon Silicon Manganese Phosphorous Sulphur

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24 MALLEABLE IRON Cast as white iron, then malleabilized, or heat treated, to impart ductility. Consists of tempered graphite and ALPHA-FERRITE or PERLITE MATRIX

25 PROPERTIES OF MALLEABLE CAST IRON Carbon 0.82% to 0.5% Silicon 1-3% Manganese % Phosphorous 0.2% Silicon 0.1% Sulphur 0.1% Prportion Carbon Silicon Manganese Silicon Sulphur

26 DUCTILE IRON Proportions Carbon 3.3%-3.4%. Silicon %. Manganese %. Magnesium %. Phosphorous %. Sulphur %. High ductility due to nodular graphite inclusion. Used to make trucks tractors oil well pumps. Carbon Silicon Manganese Phosphour ous Sulphur

27 Wrought iron

28 WROUGHT IRON Iron alloy with a low carbon content, in comparison to steel and has fibrous inclusions known as slag.

29 PROPERTIES OF WROGHT IRON Highly rust resistant. Welts easily. Worked into chains and ornamentals. Gates and railing. More suitable for forging or rollings. consist Carbon Silicon Manganese Phosphorus Sulphur

30 USES To make railing hooks. Chains. Rivets. Railway couplings. Railing and gates.

31 TYPES I. PUDDLED IRON. II. CHARCOAL IRON.

32 CHARACTERISED OF WROUGHT IRON Soft. Ductile. Magnetic. Strong high elasticity and tensile strength..suitable for member in tension or compression.

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34 Steel In the beginning, there was iron... Then came cast iron......and finally steel

35 About Steel Steel has been called the world s most useful and inexpensive metal.

36 USES 1.The structure of the Pyramid of the Louvre 2.canned food, 3.oil platforms, 4. catalytic converters 5., paper clips 2. In the automobile sector mounts for electronic chips...are all made of steel.

37 1. In the construction of bridges or buildings For everyday uses: cans,pots,containers,etc At the heart of food preservation In energy communications....

38 STEEL PRODUCTS Semi-finished products(continuous cast steel) Finished products (rolled steel)

39 MANUFACTURE

40 Steel Making Plant Electric Arc Furnace Ladle Furnace Continuous Casting Machine

41 Thank You Compiled By:- Mahima Shah - 14SA145 Mansi Shah - 14SA147 Murtaza Gandhi - 14SA152 Pooja Gosami - 14SA163 Priyanka Bhanushali - 14SA165 Shubhangi Ansani - 14SA1 Mahek Rathod - 14SA144