Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore"

Transcription

1 Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore

2 Recap Eutectic phase diagram

3 Eutectic phase diagram Eutectic isotherm Invariant point Eutectic Reaction Compositions of components at invariant point Effect of solutes additions on phases

4

5

6

7 Microstructure development of Sn-Pb system

8

9 Iron and Steel After iron extraction Pig Iron Wrought Iron Cast Iron

10 Pig Iron Very high carbon content ( %) This makes it very brittle with low melting points and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications Pig iron is used to make steel where molten pig iron (hot melt) is charged into BOF or Electric Arc Furnace to make steel

11 Cast Iron It contains carbon contents above 2.14%. Most contains between 3 4.5% It is brittle, wear and tear resistant, cannot be welded, neither malleable nor ductile, does not rust, lack plasticity and has high compressive strength, excellent machineability and M.P is C Used for manufacturing of parts of cars, man hole covers, and railings, etc

12 Types of Cast Iron Gray Cast Iron Ductile Cast Iron White Cast Iron Malleable Cast Iron Compacted Graphite Iron

13 Gray Cast Iron The carbon and silicon contents of gray cast irons vary between 2.5 and 4.0 wt% and 1.0 and 3.0 wt%, respectively Factors that promote the formation of gray cast iron are: slow rate of cooling slow rate of solidification Mechanically, gray iron is comparatively weak and brittle in tension as a consequence of its microstructure the tips of the graphite flakes are sharp and pointed, and may serve as points of stress concentration when an external tensile stress is applied

14 Ductile (or Nodular) Iron Adding a small amount of magnesium and/or cerium to the gray iron before casting produces a distinctly different microstructure and set of mechanical properties Graphite still forms, but as nodules or sphere-like particles instead of flakes. The resulting alloy is called nodular or ductile iron Typical applications for this material include valves, pump bodies, crankshafts, gears, and other automotive and machine components

15 a) Gray iron b)nodular (ductile) iron the dark graphite flakes the dark graphite nodules

16 White Cast Iron When pig iron converts to cast iron, if cooling is done rapidly then pig iron is changed in to white cast iron It is hard and brittle. Its use is limited to applications that necessitate a very hard and wear-resistant surface, without a high degree of ductility for example, as rollers in rolling mills

17 Malleable Cast Iron Heating white iron at temperatures between 800 to 900 C for a prolonged time period and in a neutral atmosphere (to prevent oxidation) causes a decomposition of the cementite, forming graphite, which exists in the form of clusters Representative applications include connecting rods, transmission gears, and differential cases for the automotive industry, and also flanges, pipe fittings, and valve parts for railroad, marine, and other heavy-duty services

18 (c) White iron Pearlite (d) Malleable iron dark graphite rosettes

19 Compacted Graphite Cast Iron Silicon content ranges between 1.7 and 3.0 wt%, whereas carbon concentration is normally between 3.1 and 4.0 wt% Important applications are in diesel engine blocks, exhaust manifolds, gearbox housings, brake discs for high-speed trains, and flywheels

20 Wrought Iron It is tough, can bear shocks and impact, can be welded, M.P is 1500 C Corroded easily Purest form of Iron in which impurities does not exceed from 0.5% Used for making sheets, for rod making, making of gas pipelines, boiler tubes and frames of windows

21 Steel When carbon in small quantities is added to iron, Steel is obtained The atomic diameter of carbon is less than the interstices between iron atoms and the carbon goes into solid solution of iron As carbon dissolves in the interstices, it distorts the original crystal lattice of iron

22 Steel This mechanical distortion of crystal lattice interferes with the external applied strain to the crystal lattice, by mechanically blocking the dislocation of the crystal lattices (In other words, they provide mechanical strength) Adding more and more carbon to iron (upto solubility of iron) results in more and more distortion of the crystal lattices and hence provides increased mechanical strength

23 Steel However, solubility of more carbon influences negatively with another important property of iron called the ductility Carbon contents may vary between % by wt, depending on the grade. Purest form of iron and the impurities present in it are less than 0.5%

24 Steel Hence we see that when more carbon is added, enhanced mechanical strength is obtained, but ductility is reduced Increase in carbon content isnot the only way, and certainly not the desirable way to get increased strength of steels. More amount of carbon causes problems during the welding process Phase diagram for different steel types

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32 Stainless steel Next Lecture

33 Steel Making Routes Alloy and Special steels made by route 2

34 Steel Carbon Steel Alloy Steel

35 Carbon steel. When a steel consists of iron and carbon only, it is known as carbon steel. Alloy Steel. When steel contains iron, carbon and other alloying elements such as copper, vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum in combined concentrations as high as 10 wt%, and possess higher strengths than the plain low-carbon steels

36 Carbon Steel Mild or Low Carbon Medium Carbon High Carbon

37 Mild or Low Carbon Steel Mild or Low Carbon Steel. Carbon contents are in the range of % Its structure is fibrous, color is blue, more tough and elastic than cast and wrought iron, corrodes easily, can be welded and magnetized, withstand shocks and impacts. Used in manufacturing of various tools, machine parts, rail tracks, industrial buildings, etc.

38 Medium Carbon Steel Carbon contents are in the range of %. It is not very tough, cannot withstand shocks, and it is easier to weld. Used for making number of tools, such as files. Used in roof covering and also in rain water pipes.

39 High Carbon Steel Carbon contents are in the range of %. High % of carbon in it renders its hardness and toughness. Its structure is granular and it is tougher than mild steel. More difficult to weld and it can withstand shocks and vibrations better. Used for making tools e.g. drilling, fine quality of cutlery is made from it. Used to make those parts of machine, which needs hard, tough and durable materials

40

41 Stainless Steel Stainless steels are iron-based alloys containing a minimum of about 10.5% chromium This forms a protective self-healing oxide film, which is the reason why this group of steels has their characteristic "stainlessness" or corrosion resistance The ability of the oxide layer to heal itself means that the steel is corrosion resistant, no matter how much of the surface is removed. (This is not the case when carbon or low alloy steels are protected from corrosion by metallic coatings such as zinc or cadmium or by organic coatings such as paint)

42 Although all stainless steels depend on the presence of chromium, other alloying elements are often added to enhance their properties The categorization of stainless steels is unusual amongst metals in that it is based upon the nature of their metallurgical structure

43 Role of important alloying elements Chromium: Corrosion resistance Nickel: Increases ductility, toughness, corrosion resistance Molybdenum: Increases mechanical strength, increases localized corrosion resistance Copper: Increases corrosion resistance in acid environments

44 Manganese: Increases hot ductility, ferrite/austenite balance Silicon: Increases resistance to oxidation Carbon: Increases mechanical strength, reduces intergranular corrosion Titanium: Increases mechanical strength and corrosion resistance

45 Corrosion Resistance

46

47

48 Stainless Steel Austenitic Stainless Steel Ferritic Stainless Steel Martensitic Stainless Steel

49 Austenitic stainless steel (300 Family) It is a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Austenite steels make up over 70% of total stainless steel production. They contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium and 6% nickel and/or manganese (Grade 304=18/8) Used for high temperature and corrosive environments

50

51 Ferritic Stainless Steel (400 Family) Generally have better engineering properties than austenitic grades, but have reduced corrosion resistance, because of the lower chromium and nickel content. They are also usually less expensive and contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any, but some types can contain lead. Most compositions include molybdenum; some, aluminum or titanium

52

53 Martensitic Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion-resistant but are extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machinable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. It contains chromium (12 14%), molybdenum (0.2 1%), nickel (less than 2%), and carbon (about 0.1 1%) (giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and magnetic.

54

55 For different grading standards of iron and steel, consult the notes uploaded online

56 Assignment Difference between cast iron and steel Composition, properties and applications of nickel steel, vanadium steel, chromiumvanadium steel, manganese steel, silicon steel, molybdenum steel, tungsten steel Submission in next class

57 Mechanical Properties

58

59 Next Lecture Fabrication and heat treatment methods

Mat E 272 Lecture 19: Cast Irons

Mat E 272 Lecture 19: Cast Irons Mat E 272 Lecture 19: Cast Irons November 8, 2001 Introduction: One reason steels and cast iron alloys find such wide-ranging applications and dominate industrial metal production is because of how they

More information

Ferrous Alloys. Steels

Ferrous Alloys. Steels Ferrous Alloys Ferrous alloys those of which iron is the prime constituent are produced in larger quantities than any other metal type. They are especially important as engineering construction materials.

More information

Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review. Outline. Introduction: Ferrous alloys

Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review. Outline. Introduction: Ferrous alloys Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review Outline Introduction - Review - Ferritic SS - Austinitic SS - Matensitic SS - Precipitation Hardenable SS Cast Irons - Gray CI - Ductile CI - White CI - Malleable

More information

Ferrous Alloys. Metal Alloys. Ferrous. Non ferrous. Grey iron. Carbon Low Alloy High Alloy. Nodular iron White iron Malleable iron Alloy cast irons

Ferrous Alloys. Metal Alloys. Ferrous. Non ferrous. Grey iron. Carbon Low Alloy High Alloy. Nodular iron White iron Malleable iron Alloy cast irons Metal Alloys Most engineering metallic materials are alloys. Metals are alloyed to enhance their properties, such as strength, hardness or corrosion resistance, and to create new properties, such as shape

More information

11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds.

11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds. 11-2 11.2 (a) Ferrous alloys are used extensively because: (1) Iron ores exist in abundant quantities. (2) Economical extraction, refining, and fabrication techniques are available. (3) The alloys may

More information

Cast steel: Group of ASTM standards for steel castings and forgings

Cast steel: Group of ASTM standards for steel castings and forgings Cast steel: Group of ASTM standards for steel castings and forgings Abstract: This group of ASTM specifications covers standard properties of steel and iron castings and forgings for valves, flanges, fittings,

More information

MSE-226 Engineering Materials

MSE-226 Engineering Materials MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-7 ALLOY STEELS Tool Steels TYPES of FERROUS ALLOYS FERROUS ALLOYS Plain Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Cast Irons - Low carbon Steel - Medium carbon steel - High carbon

More information

Heat Treating Basics-Steels

Heat Treating Basics-Steels Heat Treating Basics-Steels Semih Genculu, P.E. Steel is the most important engineering material as it combines strength, ease of fabrication, and a wide range of properties along with relatively low cost.

More information

Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys

Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How are metal alloys classified and what are their common applications? What are some of the common fabrication techniques for

More information

J = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2

J = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2 1. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic

More information

Machinability is the ease with which a given material may be worked with a cutting tool

Machinability is the ease with which a given material may be worked with a cutting tool Machinability Machinability is the ease with which a given material may be worked with a cutting tool Machinability ratings (MR) provide and understanding of the severity of a metalworking operation in

More information

Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys

Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys TRIP Steels A phase change can do work; a good example of this is how viruses infect

More information

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C

More information

Chapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys

Chapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys Chapter 7 Stainless Steels Stainless steels at least % Cr in iron is required (max 30% Cr) Cr: to make iron surface by forming a surface oxide film protecting the underlying metal from corrosion Ni: to

More information

Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing: Automotive Applications Overview

Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing: Automotive Applications Overview KVA, Inc. / 124 S. Market Place, Suite 200 / Escondido, CA. 92029 U.S.A. (760) 489-5821 phone (760) 489-5823 fax 1-888-410-WELD www.kvastainless.com Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel

More information

5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 9: METALS 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 9: METALS

5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 9: METALS 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 9: METALS 5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 9: METALS 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 9: METALS SUB-TOPIC 9.3 TO 5 EXTRACTION OF METALS; RECYLING OF METALS; IRON LEARNING OUTCOMES

More information

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study

More information

Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties

Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties Stainless steel describes a family of steels highly resistant to tarnishing and rusting that contain at least two

More information

Advances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS)

Advances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) Advances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) Low strength steel HSS UHSS Development of new steel grade materials that can withstand more strength

More information

MATERIALS SCIENCE-44 Which point on the stress-strain curve shown gives the ultimate stress?

MATERIALS SCIENCE-44 Which point on the stress-strain curve shown gives the ultimate stress? MATERIALS SCIENCE 43 Which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) The surface energy of a liquid tends toward a minimum. (B) The surface energy is the work required to create a unit area of additional

More information

Analysis of Cast Iron Using Shimadzu PDA-7000

Analysis of Cast Iron Using Shimadzu PDA-7000 Analysis of Cast Iron Using Shimadzu PDA-7000 C112-0510M The analysis of low and high alloy cast iron by optical emission spectrometry is presented. Cast iron alloys are classified by their mechanical

More information

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram Steels: alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). Fe-C phase diagram is complex. Will only consider the steel part of the diagram, up to around 7% Carbon. University

More information

CLASSIFICATION OF STEELS

CLASSIFICATION OF STEELS 7 Alloy Steels CLASSIFICATION OF STEELS low carbon

More information

Resource Guide. Section 4: Ni-Resist

Resource Guide. Section 4: Ni-Resist Resource Guide Section 4: Ni-Resist Section 4 Ni-Resist Description of Grades... 4-3 201 (Type 1) Ni-Resist... 4-4 202 (Type 2) Ni-Resist... 4-6 Stock Listings... 4-8 4-2 Ni-Resist Description of Grades

More information

Heat Treatment of Steels

Heat Treatment of Steels Heat Treatment of Steels Heat Treating is the process of heating and cooling a steel to obtain desired properties. Various types of heat treatment processes are used to change the following properties

More information

أت ارش. Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

أت ارش. Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Basic Workshop 1 أت ارش There are thousands of materials available for use in engineering applications. Most materials fall into one of three classes that are based on the atomic bonding forces of a particular

More information

Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers

Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers 1. SCOPE 1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the different types of heat treatment processes

More information

Types of stainless steel

Types of stainless steel Types of stainless steel Composition (wt%) Applications Types C Ni Cr Mo Ferritic 0.06-0.2-11-30 - Household utensils; Automotive Exhaust Components Heat exchanger Austenitic

More information

STANDARD STEELS STANDARD STEELS 403

STANDARD STEELS STANDARD STEELS 403 STANDARD STEELS 403 STANDARD STEELS Standard Steels Compositions, Applications, and Heat Treatments Steel is the generic term for a large family of iron carbon alloys, which are malleable, within some

More information

001- Engineering Skills Principles-1. Chapter - 03 Material

001- Engineering Skills Principles-1. Chapter - 03 Material 001- Engineering Skills Principles-1 Chapter - 03 Material 1 Objective of Chapter 3.0 (Material) The aim of this section is to enable the candidate to: 1. Identify metals and compare their properties.

More information

Master examination. Metallic Materials

Master examination. Metallic Materials Master examination Metallic Materials 01.03.2016 Name: Matriculation number: Signature: Task Points: Points achieved: 1 13 2 4 3 3 4 6 5 6 6 3 7 4 8 9 9 6 10 9.5 11 8 12 8 13 10.5 14 4 15 6 Sum 100 Points

More information

MSE-226 Engineering Materials

MSE-226 Engineering Materials MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-4 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS-2 CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION (CCT) DIAGRAMS: In industrial heat-treating operations, in most cases a steel is not isothermally

More information

Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time

More information

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ISSN: 2278-067X, Volume 2, Issue 1 (July 2012), PP. 07-13 www.ijerd.com Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

More information

Copyright 1999 Society of Manufacturing Engineers. FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treating NARRATION (VO): RESISTANCE OF METALS AND ALLOYS.

Copyright 1999 Society of Manufacturing Engineers. FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treating NARRATION (VO): RESISTANCE OF METALS AND ALLOYS. FUNDAMENTAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treating SCENE 1. CG: Through Hardening Processes white text centered on black SCENE 2. tape 501, 12:10:03-12:10:20 parts going in for heat treating HARDENING PROCESSES

More information

These elements are in carbon steels in minimal amounts, usually less than 1%.

These elements are in carbon steels in minimal amounts, usually less than 1%. Alloy Steels Weld Tech News VOL 1. NO. 11 WELD TECH NEWS is a newsletter for welders working primarily in maintenance and repair. Each issue contains useful information on materials (cast irons, steels,

More information

HEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes

HEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes HEAT TREATMENT Chapter 6 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING PROPERTIES 6.1 Structure Property Relationships Properties and structure can be manipulated and controlled Interactive relation

More information

Standards & Specifications

Standards & Specifications Acme Alloys Products Standards & Specifications Page 1 of 12 Standards & Specifications Like any other technology, engineering and science; material science and metallurgy is an ever-widening field with

More information

Light Bases & Light Fixtures

Light Bases & Light Fixtures Light Bases & Light Fixtures Keeping Them Together Clamping Force/Preload Force Torque Bolt Specifications Corrosion Galling 18-8 Disadvantages EB-83 bolts 2 Clamping Force = Preload Force 3 Fastener acts

More information

Marc King. Hiler Industries LaPorte, IN

Marc King. Hiler Industries LaPorte, IN Carbidic Ductile Iron Marc King Metallurgist Hiler Industries LaPorte, IN Why would anybody in their right mind want to add carbides to ductile iron? Ductile Iron is a great engineering material: Great

More information

Resource Guide. Section 3: Ductile Iron

Resource Guide. Section 3: Ductile Iron Resource Guide Section 3: Ductile Iron Section 3 Ductile Iron Description of Grades... 3-3 65-45-12 Ferritic... 3-4 80-55-06 Partially Pearlitic... 3-6 100-70-02 Pearlitic... 3-8 4512 HRDS Heat Resistant...

More information

ATI 718 ATI 718. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-Base Superalloy INTRODUCTION FORMS AND CONDITIONS AVAILABLE SPECIFICATIONS. (UNS Designation N07718)

ATI 718 ATI 718. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-Base Superalloy INTRODUCTION FORMS AND CONDITIONS AVAILABLE SPECIFICATIONS. (UNS Designation N07718) ATI 718 Nickel-Base Superalloy (UNS Designation N07718) INTRODUCTION ATI 718 alloy (N07718) is an austenitic nickel-base superalloy which is used in applications requiring high strength to approximately

More information

7.3 Bonding in Metals > Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding. 7.3 Bonding in Metals. 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

7.3 Bonding in Metals > Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding. 7.3 Bonding in Metals. 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding 7.1 Ions 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds 7.3 Bonding in Metals 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. CHEMISTRY & YOU What

More information

LOW HEAT INPUT WELDING ALLOYS

LOW HEAT INPUT WELDING ALLOYS ASTRALOY 662 CHARACTERISTICS: An all position AC/DC electrode for high strength, crack free joining of low/medium carbon, and medium tensile steels of various compositions. Low alloy medium carbon steels,

More information

Martensitic. stainless steels. Types 410, 420, 425 Mod, and 440A TECHNICAL DATA BLUE SHEET GENERAL PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS PRODUCT FORM

Martensitic. stainless steels. Types 410, 420, 425 Mod, and 440A TECHNICAL DATA BLUE SHEET GENERAL PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS PRODUCT FORM TECHNICAL DATA BLUE SHEET Martensitic Stainless Steels s 410, 420, 425 Mod, and 440A GENERAL PROPERTIES Allegheny Ludlum s 410, 420, 425 Modified, and 440A (see composition on Page 2) are hardenable, straight-chromium

More information

ATI 825 ATI 825. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-base Alloy INTRODUCTION PRODUCT FORMS SPECIFICATIONS & CERTIFICATES (UNS N08825)

ATI 825 ATI 825. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-base Alloy INTRODUCTION PRODUCT FORMS SPECIFICATIONS & CERTIFICATES (UNS N08825) ATI 825 Nickel-base (UNS N08825) INTRODUCTION ATI 825 alloy (UNS N08825) is an austenitic nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloy containing high levels of chromium, nickel, molybdenum and copper

More information

Intergranular Corrosion (IGC)

Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Microstructure of metals and alloys is made up of grains (separated by grain boundaries) Intergranular corrosion is a localized attack along the grain boundaries, or immediately

More information

HASTELLOY B-3 alloy Principal Features

HASTELLOY B-3 alloy Principal Features HASTELLOY B-3 alloy Principal Features Exceptional resistance to HCl and H 2 SO 4 and enhanced structural stability HASTELLOY B-3 alloy (UNS N10675) exhibits extremely high resistance to pure hydrochloric,

More information

316/316L STAINLESS STEEL

316/316L STAINLESS STEEL 316/316L STAINLESS STEEL P r o d u c t D ata B u l l e t i n Valve and Pump Trim Digesters Chemical Equipment Evaporators Pharmaceutical and Photographic Equipment Type 316 Stainless Steel is widely used

More information

Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology

Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology aging A change in the properties of certain metals and alloys that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after a hot-working

More information

Alloys & Their Phase Diagrams. مرجع علمى مهندسى مواد

Alloys & Their Phase Diagrams.  مرجع علمى مهندسى مواد Alloys & Their Phase Diagrams Objectives of the class Gibbs phase rule Introduction to phase diagram Practice phase diagram Lever rule Important Observation: One question in the midterm Gibbs phase rule

More information

Microstructures of Mild Steel Spring after Heat Treatment.

Microstructures of Mild Steel Spring after Heat Treatment. Microstructures of Mild Steel Spring after Heat Treatment. O.R. Adetunji, Ph.D.*; S.I. Kuye, Ph.D.; and M.J. Alao, B.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Federal University of

More information

Good welding practice Stainless Steels

Good welding practice Stainless Steels Good welding practice Stainless Steels Glenn Allen Welding Engineer TWI North Stainless Steels Four basic types of stainless steels, Austenitic, most common Ferritic Martensitic Duplex, main use oil &

More information

Continuous Cooling Diagrams

Continuous Cooling Diagrams Continuous Cooling Diagrams Isothermal transformation (TTT) diagrams are obtained by rapidly quenching to a given temperature and then measuring the volume fraction of the various constituents that form

More information

Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) Chemical Composition

Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) Chemical Composition Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030) Hastelloy G-30 is commonly used for providing excellent resistance to chemical conditions. It offers resistance to nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric

More information

FSection F. Sheets and Plates. Plates. Plates and Sheets. Plates. Plates. Sheets and Plates

FSection F. Sheets and Plates. Plates. Plates and Sheets. Plates. Plates. Sheets and Plates FSection F HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY STEELS HEAT TREATED CONSTRUCTIONAL ALLOY STEELS ABRASION RESISTING STEELS HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY STEELS... 2-3 Sheets and Plates HEAT TREATED CONSTRUCTIONAL ALLOY STEELS...

More information

Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11)

Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Study theme outcomes: After studying this chapter, students should or should be able to: - know and understand

More information

Cu/Ag Eutectic System

Cu/Ag Eutectic System Eutectic Systems The simplest kind of system with two solid phases is called a eutectic system. A eutectic system contains two solid phases at low temperature. These phases may have different crystal structures,

More information

BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties

More information

Resource Guide. Section 2: Gray Iron

Resource Guide. Section 2: Gray Iron Resource Guide Section 2: Gray Iron Section 2 Gray Iron Description of Grades... 2-3 G1 Partially Ferritic... 2-4 G1A Ferritic... 2-6 G2 Highly Pearlitic... 2-8 G2A Highly Perlitic High-Strength... 2-10

More information

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1. Define an alloy. 2. What is a solid solution? 3. Differentiate substitutional and interstitial solid solution with examples? 4. What are

More information

Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI)

Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) 28 November 2000 (Rev. 13 Feb 01) Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) John R. Keough, PE Kathy L. Hayrynen, PhD Applied Process Inc. Technologies Div.- Livonia, Michigan, USA ABSTRACT Carbidic Austempered

More information

Precipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening

Precipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening Outline Dispersion Strengthening Mechanical Properties of Steel Effect of Pearlite Particles impede dislocations. Things that slow down/hinder/impede dislocation movement will increase, y and TS And also

More information

Properties of Carbon Steel Shot

Properties of Carbon Steel Shot Academic Study by Dr. David Kirk Properties of Carbon Steel Shot Dr. David Kirk is a regular contributor to The Shot Peener. Since his retirement, Dr. Kirk has been an Honorary Research Fellow at Coventry

More information

Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel

Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural

More information

NONFERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS

NONFERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS NONFERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS Chapter 7 7.1 Introduction Usage of nonferrous metals and alloys has increased due to technology Possess certain properties that ferrous materials do not have Resistance to

More information

What Are Metal Standards and Why Are They Important?

What Are Metal Standards and Why Are They Important? What Are Metal Standards and Why Are They Important? Table of Content Metallurgy101...3 Pure Metals...3 Component Metals...4 Characteristics of Metal Standards...5 Metal Standards and Testing Standards...6

More information

Heat Treatment of Steel Lab Report. Justin Lance 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping

Heat Treatment of Steel Lab Report. Justin Lance 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping Heat Treatment of Steel Lab Report Justin Lance justalance@gmail.com 11/16/2011 Engineering 45 Lab Section 3 Troy Topping troytopping@gmail.com ABSTRACT We observed how the properties of 4140 steel vary

More information

Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Castings. Chemical composition and mechanical

Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Castings. Chemical composition and mechanical BSI titles relevant to the cast metals industry (as at 20/5/9) BSI Title International Equiv Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Castings. Chemical composition and mechanical where known 94/713477DC properties

More information

Galvanic Corrosion Prevention Guide for Water Cooling Systems

Galvanic Corrosion Prevention Guide for Water Cooling Systems WATER COOLED DEVICES Galvanic Corrosion Prevention Guide for Water Cooling Systems November 2017 White Paper Created by Helen E. Kane, Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Water Cooled Devices Abstract This

More information

special hot work tool steel CR7V-L

special hot work tool steel CR7V-L special hot work tool steel CR7V-L T h e p r e m i u m s t e e l w i t h m a x i m u m h i g h t e m p e r at u r e w e a r r e s i s ta n c e 2 From the casting of steel to finished die... LONG-STANDING

More information

Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel

Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 7, December 2011, pp. 1439 1445. Indian Academy of Sciences. Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel MOHAMMAD ABDUR RAZZAK Materials and Metallurgical

More information

CTS-XHP Alloy. Patent Number 5,370,750

CTS-XHP Alloy. Patent Number 5,370,750 CTSXHP Alloy Patent Number 5,370,750 Type Analysis Carbon 1.60% Chromium 16.00% Silicon 0.40% Molybdenum 0.80% Nickel 0.35% Vanadium 0.45% Manganese 0.50% Iron Balance Description CTSXHP alloy is an airhardening,

More information

Identification. Type Analysis

Identification. Type Analysis Page 1 of 16 Unit Display: Metric Print Now Custom 465 Stainless E-Mail Datasheet Add to My Materials Request More Information U.S. Patent Number Identification 5,681,528 5,855,844 UNS Number S46500 Type

More information

410S STAINLESS STEEL. Moderate to Good Formability Good High-temperature Service. Slows Hardening Cracks When Welded. Minimal Hardenability

410S STAINLESS STEEL. Moderate to Good Formability Good High-temperature Service. Slows Hardening Cracks When Welded. Minimal Hardenability 410S STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Moderate to Good Formability Good High-temperature Service Slows Hardening Cracks When Welded Minimal Hardenability Because AK Steel 410S cools

More information

Steel Making. Modern Long Product Manufacturing. Process Flow Chart

Steel Making. Modern Long Product Manufacturing. Process Flow Chart Rolling Process Metallurgical Aspects Material Specifications and Chemistries Standard Mill Practices Miscellaneous Tables & Data Elastic Section Modulus Plastic Section Modulus Moment of Inertia SI Conversion

More information

The table shows the students suggestions about the identity of P.

The table shows the students suggestions about the identity of P. 1 Three students, X, Y and Z, were told that solid P reacts with dilute acids and also conducts electricity. The table shows the students suggestions about the identity of P. Which of the students are

More information

Chapter 1 Properties and Uses of Metal

Chapter 1 Properties and Uses of Metal Chapter 1 Properties and Uses of Metal Topics 1.0.0 Properties of Metal and Metal Alloys 2.0.0 Mechanical Properties 3.0.0 Corrosion Resistance 4.0.0 Ferrous Metals and Alloys 5.0.0 Nonferrous Metal and

More information

71T1 - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Welding Wire Provides excellent performance in all position welding. Weld Metal - Chemistry

71T1 - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Welding Wire Provides excellent performance in all position welding. Weld Metal - Chemistry Flux Cored Wire 71T1 - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Welding Wire Provides excellent performance in all position welding Description: Provides a stable arc, low spatter, easy to remove slag, and neat weld metal.

More information

Combinations of alloys and environments subject to dealloying and elements preferentially removed

Combinations of alloys and environments subject to dealloying and elements preferentially removed ;~ page 8-1 SELECTIVE LEACHING ("Dealloying", "Parting") Corrosion in which one constituent of an alloy is preferentially removed, leaving behind an altered (weakened) residual structure. Can occur in

More information

1 Cutting Tool Materials of common use

1 Cutting Tool Materials of common use 1 Cutting Tool Materials of common use Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to (i) Identify the needs and cite the chronological development of cutting tool materials.

More information

Dissimilar Metals DISSIMILAR METALS. Weld Tech News VOL 1. NO. 14

Dissimilar Metals DISSIMILAR METALS. Weld Tech News VOL 1. NO. 14 Dissimilar Metals Weld Tech News VOL 1. NO. 14 WELD TECH NEWS is a newsletter for welders working primarily in maintenance and repair. Each issue contains useful information on materials (cast irons, steels,

More information

A SHORT NOTE ON MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF METAL POWDERS

A SHORT NOTE ON MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF METAL POWDERS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND ROBOTICS ISSN 2320-7345 A SHORT NOTE ON MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF METAL POWDERS 1 R.Raja, 2 M.Rajkumar 1 Assistant Lecturer, St. Joseph College

More information

Final Examination. Instructions. Guidelines. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering

Final Examination. Instructions. Guidelines. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering Spring Semester 2006 Professor R. Gronsky MSE 121 Name (Please Print) Final Examination Instructions Please

More information

Prevention Strategies Design and Coatings

Prevention Strategies Design and Coatings Lecture 14 Prevention Strategies Design and Coatings Keywords: Corrosion Prevention, Designs, Protective Coatings. There are a number of methods to control corrosion. The choice of any one control technique

More information

Metals I. Anne Mertens

Metals I. Anne Mertens "MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 19/09/2017 25/10/2016 Metals I Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Metallic materials Materials Selection: case

More information

STULZ-SICKLES STEEL COMPANY

STULZ-SICKLES STEEL COMPANY STULZ-SICKLES STEEL COMPANY SINCE 1916 Providing Years of Wear Resistant Service to the Railroad Industry Railroad ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY COLTON, CALIFORNIA 800-351-1776 800-572-5809 www.stulzsicklessteel.com

More information

Subway Cars. Applications Potential

Subway Cars. Applications Potential 301 STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Aircraft Structural Parts Roof Drainage Cooking Utensils Automotive Trim Subway Cars Applications Potential Type 301 is an austenitic chromium-nickel

More information

THE ROLE OF NIOBIUM IN LOW CARBON BAINITIC HSLA STEEL. Klaus Hulka Niobium Products Company GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany

THE ROLE OF NIOBIUM IN LOW CARBON BAINITIC HSLA STEEL. Klaus Hulka Niobium Products Company GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany THE ROLE OF NIOBIUM IN LOW CARBON BAINITIC HSLA STEEL Klaus Hulka Niobium Products Company GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany ABSTRACT With higher strength, weight reduction can be achieved. Besides the required

More information

Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle

Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee

More information

AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552

AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 Metals and alloys Unit 3 Materials and their working properties 3 Objectives Know the primary sources of materials for producing metals and alloys Be able to recognise

More information

41003 STAINLESS STEEL

41003 STAINLESS STEEL 41003 STAINLESS STEEL D ATA S H E E T Formable and Weldable in Heavy Sections Refined Grain Structure Leads to Good Toughness Ferritic as Annealed Low Cost AK Steel 41003 is an economical ferritic stainless

More information

The ATI 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel (S17400) is covered by the following wrought product specifications.

The ATI 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel (S17400) is covered by the following wrought product specifications. ATI 17-4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (UNS S17400) INTRODUCTION ATI 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel (S17400), Type 630, is a chromium-nickel-copper precipitation hardening stainless

More information

INDEX METALS FERRIC METALS NON-FERRIC METALS WORKING WITH METALS METAL FORMING TECHNIQUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF METAL EXTRACTION

INDEX METALS FERRIC METALS NON-FERRIC METALS WORKING WITH METALS METAL FORMING TECHNIQUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF METAL EXTRACTION METALS INDEX METALS FERRIC METALS NON-FERRIC METALS WORKING WITH METALS METAL FORMING TECHNIQUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF METAL EXTRACTION METALS CHEMICAL ELEMENTS FOUND IN NATURE IN SOLID STATE AT ROOM

More information

STAINLESS STEELS. Chromium and nickel content in the various groups of stainless steels

STAINLESS STEELS. Chromium and nickel content in the various groups of stainless steels These steels contain a high percentage of chromium and sometimes other alloys and have been designed to prevent different types of corrosion. There are two kinds of corrosion: dry corrosion (often named

More information

Main Markets Served. Recarburizer for Cast Iron. Freiberg. 16. October Cast iron foundries. Steel works. Friction industry.

Main Markets Served. Recarburizer for Cast Iron. Freiberg. 16. October Cast iron foundries. Steel works. Friction industry. Recarburizer for Cast Iron z Freiberg 16. October 2013 by Dr. Sören Köster Main Markets Served Cast iron foundries Recarburizer (Desulco, Xcarb, Super-G) Graphitic Inoculant (Super-Carb) Steel works Graphite

More information

INTRODUCTION. Think HSS

INTRODUCTION. Think HSS INTRODUCTION Think HSS SUMMARY METALLURGY 2 Excellent strength 3 A super sharp edge 4 Safe and reliable tools Alloy elements 6 The influence of alloy elements 7 Standard compositions of HSS 8 The HSS-PM

More information

RA17-4 stainless. Introduction

RA17-4 stainless. Introduction RA17-4 stainless Introduction RA17-4 is an age-hardening martensitic alloy combining high strength with the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Hardening is achieved by a short-time, simple lowtemperature

More information

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 1 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES - AMEM 201 Lecture 8: Forming Processes (Rolling, Extrusion, Forging, Drawing) DR. SOTIRIS L. OMIROU Forming Processes - Definition & Types - Forming processes are those in which

More information

Phase Diagram Applications

Phase Diagram Applications Phase Diagrams Understanding the Basics F.C. Campbell, editor Copyright 2012 ASM International All rights reserved www.asminternational.org Chapter 14 Phase Diagram Applications Alloy phase diagrams are

More information