CHAPTER 8 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER DOPED NICKEL-MANGANESE MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD
|
|
- Amberlynn Shepherd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 198 CHAPTER 8 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER DOPED NICKEL-MANGANESE MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD 8.1 INTRODUCTION Ferrites are hard, brittle and chemically inert ceramic materials. They are commercially important functional materials because of their excellent magnetic and electrical properties (Sugimoto 1999, Kong et al 2007). The properties of ferrites are very much sensitive to the methodology adopted for their synthesis, the preparative parameters, initial ingredients, etc. Any change in cation distribution also results in an unexpected electrical and magnetic behaviour. Most soft ferrites have a cubic spinel structure with the general composition as MeFe 2 O 4, where Me represents one or several of the divalent transition metals (Yi et al 1995, Satyanarayana et al 2003). Many reports have shown that the property of these spinel ferrites can be improved by doping metal elements in MeFe 2 O 4 which will lead to their enhanced crystal anisotropy (Xiao et al 2006). The co-doping of two metal ions in MeFe 2 O 4 has been extensively studied (Han et al 2004, Doh et al 2004, Hallynck et al 2006) but only a few reports involve the co-doping of three metal ions in spinel ferrite (Zhou et al 2004, Zakaria et al 2006, Slam et al 2006, Gama et al 2007). Various preparation techniques have been
2 199 used by researchers for the synthesis of fine particles of ferrites which exhibit novel properties when compared to their bulk counterpart. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to synthesize copper doped nickel-manganese mixed ferrite (Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and to study their structural, magnetic and dielectric properties. 8.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Copper doped nickel-manganese mixed ferrite (Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles are prepared by co-precipitation method. The desired composition is obtained by taking stoichiometric amounts of nickel chloride [NiCl 2.6H 2 O], manganese(ii)chloride [MnCl 2.4H 2 O], cupric chloride [CuCl 2.2H 2 O] and anhydrous ferric chloride [FeCl 3 ] dissolved in distilled water. The neutralization is carried out with sodium hydroxide solution and the reaction temperature is maintained at 60 C. The ph of the solution is maintained at 8 and it is stirred for 2 hrs. The precipitate is thoroughly washed with distilled water until it is free from impurities. The product is dried at a temperature of 100 C to remove the water contents. The dried powder is annealed at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C. These samples are characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, VSM and LCRZ meter and the results are discussed. 8.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR Spectral Analysis FT-IR spectra of the sample nickel-manganese-copper mixed ferrites of composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 sintered at 130 C, 600 C and
3 C respectively recorded at room temperature in the wave number range 4000 cm cm -1 are shown in Figure 8.1. Figure 8.1 FT-IR spectra of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at (a) 130 C (b) 600 C and (c) 900 C It is observed from the spectra that the absorption bands around 589 cm cm -1 are due to the stretching vibrations of tetrahedral complexes and the depth of the band increases as the sample is sintered at 900 C. This may be due to the existence of lower ionic states in that site (i.e) diffusion of Ni 2+ (Pradeep et al 2008) by the replacement of Fe 3+ in the A-site as also reported for nickel-copper system in Chapter 6. Subsidiary bands are observed around 688 cm -1 and 646 cm -1 as reported for pure nickel ferrites in Chapter 4 and nickel-copper mixed ferrites in Chapter 6. These bands disappear as the sample is sintered at 900 C. The band at
4 cm -1 is due to the stretching vibrations of octahedral complexes and the existence of Cu 2+ ions could be confirmed from the position of the band which could also be evidenced from pure copper ferrite as reported in Chapter 4. The band around 3600 cm -1 is due to the presence of hydroxyl group and the bands around 2350 cm -1 and 1530 cm -1 are due to traces of adsorbed or atmospheric CO 2 as reported in Chapter 4 for pure manganese ferrite Structural Analysis The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of copper doped nickelmanganese mixed ferrites of composition Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 synthesized at ph equal to 8 and sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C are shown in Figure 8.2. It is observed that the intensities of all the peaks increase with increase in the sintering temperature. This increase in intensities of all the peaks may be attributed to the increase in grain growth with the increase in the sintering temperature. The peaks could be indexed by comparing with the standard JCDPS card nos , and of nickel ferrite, manganese ferrite and copper ferrite respectively as (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), (440), (533), (622), (551), (711) and (642). The diffraction patterns show amorphous nature for the sample sintered at 130 -Fe 2 O 3 ) is observed in the sample sintered at all temperatures and it is also observed for the samples Ni 0.4 Cu 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 and pure manganese ferrite sintered at 600 C and 900 C as reported in Chapter 6 and Chapter 4 respectively. The formation -Fe 2 O 3 is due to preferential loss of one or more of divalent cations during the washing and drying stages (Mangalaraja et al 2004, Suwalka et al 2007).
5 202 Figure 8.2 XRD pattern of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at (a) 130 C (b) 600 C (c) 900 C The lattice parameter a of Ni-Mn-Cu ferrite system is found to be Å for the most intense diffraction peak (311) of the sample sintered at 900 C. It is observed to be higher than that of Nickel ferrite and lower than that of Manganese ferrite and may be attributed to be due to the larger ionic radii of Mn 2+ ion when compared to that of Ni 2+ ion (Qiangmin Wei et al 2001, Abid Hussain et al 2013, Yüksel 2013). The lattice constant increases from Å to Å for the most prominent plane (311) of the samples sintered at 600 C and 900 C respectively. The crystallite size is calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation and is found to be 12 nm for the sample sintered at 600 C and 27 nm for the sample sintered at 900 C as shown in Table 8.1.
6 203 Table 8.1 Structural parameters of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles Sintering Temp C Lattice Parameter (a) Å Crystallite Size (D) nm The crystallite size increases with increase in sintering temperature as it is observed in Ni-Cu ferrite system and Co-Cu ferrite system. The microstrain is calculated to be , and for the samples sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C respectively. The decrease in microstrain with increase in sintering temperature may be attributed to the reduction in lattice defects at the grain boundary SEM Analysis
7 204 Figure 8.3 SEM micrographs of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 600 C Figure 8.3 shows the micrographs of nickel-manganese-copper mixed ferrite Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 600 C with different magnifications. The micrographs show that the nanoparticles are dense and agglomerated. They are distributed regularly with voids and pores present in them EDX Analysis cps/e V C u Mn N i O F e M n F e N i C u ke V Figure 8.4 EDX spectrum of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 600 C
8 205 EDX analysis gives the qualitative composition of nanoparticles of nickel-manganese-copper mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 as shown in Figure 8.4. It indicates the quantitative presence of Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe and O in the samples. From the EDX spectrum it is clear that no impurities are present in the samples TEM Analysis Figure 8.5 HR-TEM micrographs of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 600 C
9 206 Figure 8.5 shows the HR-TEM images of nanoparticles of nickel-manganese-copper mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 sintered at 600 C. The micrographs indicate the presence of tetragonal shaped particles and also a few elongated sphere like particles. The particle size is found to be around 27 nm and is found to be in good agreement with XRD results SAED Analysis Figure 8.6 SAED pattern of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 600 C Figure 8.6 shows the electron diffraction pattern of nanoparticles of nickel-manganese-copper mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 sintered at 600 C. The position and intensities of lines in the diffraction pattern confirm the spinel structure. The nanoparticles are found to be in crystalline form as shown by the SAED analysis.
10 Magnetic Measurements using VSM Figure 8.7 (a, b & c) show the typical magnetic hysteresis loops obtained from room temperature VSM measurement for nanoparticles of copper substituted nickel-manganese mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C respectively. (a) (b) (c) Figure 8.7 VSM measurements for Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at (a) 130 C (b) 600 C (c) 900 C
11 208 The saturation magnetization (M s ), remanent magnetization (M r ), coercivity (H c ) and squareness ratio values are listed in Table 8.2. Table 8.2 The saturation magnetization (M s ), remanent magnetization (M r ), coercivity (H c ) and squareness ratio values of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles Saturation Remanent Coercivity Sintering Squareness Magnetization Magnetization (H c ) Temp C Ratio (M s ) emu/g (M r ) emu/g G It is observed that the saturation magnetization (M s ) and remanent magnetization (M r ) increase on sintering the samples at 600 C and 900 C but the coercivity (H c ) decreases on sintering. The increase in saturation magnetization may be explained by the formation of some agglomerates which could also be evidenced from SEM micrographs and also may be due to the extensive degree of particle coarsening at higher sintering temperatures, which in turn decreases the surface defect with respect to the volume of the particle (Chen et al 1996, Muroi et al 2001, Mendoza-Suarez et al 2001, Iqbal et al 2008, Mozaffari et al 2010). However, in comparison with the cobalt-nickel-copper mixed ferrites (Co 0.4 Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 ) as reported in Chapter 7, the value of saturation magnetization is found to decrease. This may be due to the decrease in the particle size of Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 system (27 nm) when compared to that of Co 0.4 Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 (32 nm). The decrease in coercivity on sintering the samples at 600 C and 900 C may be due to the transition of
12 209 the magnetic single-domain to the magnetic multi-domain during growth of the particles. The squareness ratio (R) as observed from the Table 8.2 exhibits magnetostatic interaction for the nickel-manganese-copper ferrite system sintered at 130 C and 900 C but coherent rotations for the sample sintered at 600 C due to randomly oriented non-interacting particles as observed from the value of R as Dielectric Properties frequency (f) in the frequency range 100 Hz - 5 MHz for nanoparticles of copper doped nickel-manganese mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C is shown in Figure 8.8. Figure 8.8 Variation of dielectric constant with respect to log frequency for Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles It is observed from the Figure 8.8 that the dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency and reaches a constant value at higher
13 210 frequencies for the sample sintered at 130 C. The value of dielectric constant is found to be very high and of the order of 10 5 for the sample due to its ultrafine size. In this ultrafine state, the number of grains and grain boundaries are large compared to its bulk state. The surface area of the individual nanosize grain is also large; thereby the surface polarization is large. Hence in the lower frequency region, the contribution of surface polarization is large compared to its electronic or ionic polarization in determining the dielectric properties of the sample (Maxwell 1973, Gawas et al 2013). The decrease in dielectric constant with increasing frequency is a normal behaviour observed in most of the ferromagnetic materials. But the value of dielectric constant is very low and reaches a constant value for the samples sintered at 600 C and 900 C for all the frequencies which may be due to lower concentration of Fe 2+ ions in these samples. The variation of dissipation factor as a function of frequency in the range from 100 Hz - 5 MHz at room temperature for copper doped nickel- manganese mixed ferrites Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C is shown in Figure 8.9. Figure 8.9 Variation of dissipation factor with respect to log frequency for Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles
14 211 The dissipation factor decreases with increase in frequency followed by the relaxation peak for the frequency range between 200 KHz - 5 MHz for the sample sintered at 130 C. The appearance of relaxation peak can be explained according to Debye relaxation theory as explained in previous chapters. It is also observed that the dissipation factor decreases and reaches a very low value for the samples sintered at 600 C and 900 C. The absence of the relaxation peak for these samples ensures that the samples possess high resistivity. 8.4 CONCLUSION Copper doped nickel-manganese mixed ferrites (Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles are prepared by co-precipitation method and sintered at 130 C, 600 C and 900 C. FT-IR spectra confirm the characteristic absorption bands of ferrites around 589 cm -1 and 549 cm -1 for the tetrahedral site and around 419 cm -1 for the octahedral sites. The XRD spectra reveal the average crystallite size to be in the range 12 nm - 27 nm and this is found to be in agreement with the TEM results. SEM micrographs show that the nanoparticles are dense and agglomerated with voids and pores present in them. EDX analysis confirms the presence of Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe and O in the samples without any impurities. The saturation magnetization (M s ) and remanent magnetization (M r ) increase with increase in sintering temperature but coercivity (H c ) decreases with increase in sintering temperature. The dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency and reaches a constant value at higher frequencies. The highest value of dielectric constant is found for this mixed ferrite system. As the co-doping of three metal ions decreases the crystallite size and enhances the properties, these nanoparticles can be tested for various applications.
EFFECT OF MANGANESE SUBSTITUTION ON Co Ga AND Co Tl FERRITE NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY HYDROTHERMAL ROUTE
EFFECT OF MANGANESE SUBSTITUTION ON Co Ga AND Co Tl FERRITE NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY HYDROTHERMAL ROUTE Gayathri.S 1, Kalainathan.S 2 1,2 Center for Crystal Growth, VIT University, Vellore - 14, Tamil
More informationPreparation and Characterization of Nickel and Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method
Preparation and Characterization of Nickel and Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method Anitha Rani. K* and Senthil Kumar. V* *Department of Physics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-21.
More informationCONTENTS INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL
CONTENTS PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Metal Oxides 1 1.2 Review of the methods and applications of metal/mixed metal oxides of transition metals 1.2.1 Catalyst 8 1.2.2 Photo catalyst 21 1.2.2 Sensors 30
More informationPreparation and Characterization of Cu-Zn ferrites by Combustion method
Preparation and Characterization of Cu-Zn ferrites by Combustion method E. Arul 1,*, K. Sivaji 2 and P. Manohar 3 1 Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai, India 2 Department
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Ni-Cu-Zn Ferrite Materials by Auto Combustion Technique
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Cu-Zn Ferrite Materials by Auto Combustion Technique V. V. AWATI 1 1 Department of Physics, C. T. Bora College, Shirur, Pune 412 210, Maharashtra, India e-mail: vidyadharawati@gmail.com
More informationSynthesis, Permeability and Microstructure of the Optimal Nickel-Zinc Ferrites by Sol-Gel Route
J. Electromagnetic Analysis & Applications, 2010, 2: 56-62 doi:10.4236/jemaa.2010.21009 Published Online January 2010 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jemaa) Synthesis, Permeability and Microstructure of
More informationMorphology and dielectric properties of single sample Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles prepared via mechanical alloying
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014, 3(4): 306 316 ISSN 2226-4108 DOI: 10.1007/s40145-014-0122-0 CN 10-1154/TQ Research Article Morphology and dielectric properties of single sample Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O
More informationStructural, morphological and magnetic characters of PVP coated ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8127-4 Structural, morphological and magnetic characters of PVP coated ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles R. Sagayaraj 1 S. Aravazhi 2 P. Praveen 1 G. Chandrasekaran 3 Received:
More informationInternational Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol:14 No:01 88
International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol:14 No:01 88 Effect of Temperature On Ba (1-x) Sr x Fe 11.4 Ti (0.3) Mn (0.3) O 19 (x = 0.3, 0.7) Against Crystallite Size Characterization
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ferrites
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014 1 Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ferrites Nawal Kishore* and S. Mukherjee** * Dept. of Electronics
More informationfor New Energy Materials and Devices; Beijing National Laboratory for Condense Matter Physics,
Electronic Supplementary Information Highly efficient core shell CuInS 2 /Mn doped CdS quantum dots sensitized solar cells Jianheng Luo, a Huiyun Wei, a Qingli Huang, a Xing Hu, a Haofei Zhao, b Richeng
More informationMössbauer and Magnetic Studies of Surfactant Mediated Ca-Mg Doped Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles
Mössbauer and Magnetic Studies of Surfactant Mediated Ca-Mg Doped Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles Samar Layek 1, *, M. Mohapatra 2, S. Anand 2 and H. C. Verma 1 1 Department of Physics, Indian Institute of
More informationEFFECT OF SAMARIUM SUBSTITUTION ON THE STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL FERRITES
http:// EFFECT OF SAMARIUM SUBSTITUTION ON THE STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL FERRITES ABSTRACT M. Maria Lumina Sonia 1, S.Pauline 2, Mary N.L 3 1,2 Department
More informationBehavior of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent in Cd 2+ and Cr 3+ substituted magnesium ferrites
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(4):335-339 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Behavior of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent
More informationSYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANO-PARTICLES BY REVERSE CO- PRECIPITATION
2nd International Conference on Ultrafine Grained & Nanostructured Materials (UFGNSM) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 5 (2012) 160 167 World Scientific Publishing Company
More informationStudy on electro-magnetic properties of La substituted Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite synthesized by auto-combustion method
Archived in http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in Accepeted in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.10.025 This is author version post-print Study on electro-magnetic
More informationINTRODUCTION:- 1.Classification of magnetic material Diamagnetic
INTRODUCTION:- Ferrites are ferromagnetic material containing predominantly oxides iron along with other oxides of barium, strontium, manganese, nickel, zinc, lithium and cadmium.ferrites are ideally suited
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Mg-substituted CoFe 2 O 4 Magnetic Photocatalysts
Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-substituted CoFe 2 O 4 Magnetic Photocatalysts *Shahid Atiq 1), H. Hamza Assi 2), S. M. Ramay 3), Saira Riaz 4) and Shahzad Naseem 5) 1), 2), 4), 5) Centre of Excellence
More informationInt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 29(2), November December 2014; Article No. 53, Pages:
Research Article Binod B. Dora* 1, Sanjay Kumar 2, Mahesh C. Sahu 3 1 Department of Ayurveda, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, India. 2 Department of Physics, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, India.
More informationKeywords: MnZnFeTiO, XRD, SEM, EDX, Instrumental Broadening, Williamson-Hall Plot method.
International Frontier Science Letters Online: 2014-10-01 ISSN: 2349-4484, Vol. 2, pp 40-51 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ifsl.2.40 2014 SciPress Ltd., Switzerland XRD Studies on Titanium Substituted Manganese
More informationCHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF L -LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE ON THE GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF ADP SINGLE CRYSTALS
55 CHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF L -LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE ON THE GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF ADP SINGLE CRYSTALS 3.1 INTRODUCTION As mentioned in the previous chapter, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate
More informationSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CoFeB ALLOYS PREPARED BY BALL MILLING
STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CoFeB ALLOYS PREPARED BY BALL MILLING * Jozef BEDNARÍK, ** Jozef KOVÁ, ** Viktor KAVEANSKÝ, * Peter KOLLÁR, *** Krzysztof POLANSKI, **** Jana KVASNICOVÁ * Department
More informationSTRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF COBALT SUBSTITUTED NICKEL ZINC FERRITES
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF COBALT SUBSTITUTED NICKEL ZINC FERRITES VENKATA KUMAR VAGOLU, K. SAMATHA, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, ANDHRA UNIVERSITY, VISAKHAPATNAM 530 003. ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA, venkatvagolu@gmail.com;
More informationStructural and electrical properties of nano-sized magnesium aluminate
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 42, December 2004, pp.926-933 Structural and electrical properties of nano-sized magnesium aluminate Siby Kurien, Shajo Sebastian, Jose Mathew & K C George*
More informationSynthesis, Structural and Dielectric Studies of Nickel Substituted Cobalt-Zinc Ferrite
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2010, 1, 19-24 doi:10.4236/msa.2010.11004 Published Online April 2010 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/msa) 19 Synthesis, Structural and Dielectric Studies of Nickel Substituted
More informationMicrostructural Evolution of Ti-Mo-Ni-C Powder by Mechanical Alloying
Materials Transactions, Vol. 50, No. 1 (2009) pp. 117 to 122 #2009 The Japan Institute of Metals Microstructural Evolution of -Mo-Ni-C Powder by Mechanical Alloying Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Kiyotaka Kato, Koji
More informationSynthesis and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) Nanoparticles Prepared by Wet Chemical Route
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) Nanoparticles Prepared by Wet Chemical Route Abstract K.Maaz, Arif Mumtaz +, S.K. Hasanain, Abdullah Ceylan* Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam
More informationStudy of Electrical and Magnetic Properties in Nano sized Ce-Gd Doped Magnesium Ferrite
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties in Nano sized Ce-Gd Doped Magnesium Ferrite Vasant Naidu Professor/ECE Sethu Inst. of Tech., Pulloor
More informationEffect of Nano-Sized Fe 2 O 3 on Microstructure and Hydration Resistance of MgO-CaO Refractories
Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., Vol. 12, No. 1, March. 2016, pp. 19-26 Effect of Nano-Sized Fe 2 O 3 on Microstructure and Hydration Resistance of MgO-CaO Refractories S. G. Kahrizsangi*, A. Nemati, A.
More informationAb-initio Calculation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Annealed Cu 2 MnAl Heusler Alloy
International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) Ab-initio Calculation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Annealed Cu 2 MnAl Heusler Alloy Hang SHI 1,a, Xin WANG 2,b*, Nan
More informationRomanian Academy Institute of Physical Chemistry Ilie Murgulescu. PhD THESIS SUMMARY
Romanian Academy Institute of Physical Chemistry Ilie Murgulescu PhD THESIS SUMMARY CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR OXIDES WITH OPTIC, SENSORISTIC
More informationSoft Magnetic Properties of Nanocystalline Fe Si B Nb Cu Rod Alloys Obtained by Crystallization of Cast Amorphous Phase
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 9 (2002) pp. 2337 to 2341 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocystalline Fe Si B Nb Cu Rod Alloys Obtained
More informationGrowth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Growth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties Ahmed K. Abbas 1, Mohammed K. Khalaf
More informationHigh Purity Alumina and Zeolite from Local Low Grade Kaolin
High Purity Alumina and Zeolite from Local Low Grade Kaolin Meor Yusoff M.S., Masliana Muslim, Choo Tye Foo and Julie Andrianny Murshidi Materials Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian
More informationSupplementary information. performance Li-ion battery
Supplementary information The investigation of Ni(OH) 2 /Ni as anode for high performance Li-ion battery Shibing Ni a, Xiaohu Lv a, Tao Li a, Xuelin Yang a,and Lulu Zhang a College of Mechanical and Material
More informationX-ray diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of
Egypt. J. Sol., Vol. (26), No. (2), (2003) 197 X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of BaCo 0.5x Zn 0.5x Ti x Fe 12-2x O 19 (M-type hexagonal ferrite) T. M. Meaz 1* and C. Bender Koch 2
More informationAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. CASE
Memorandum M-1959 Page 1 of 7 Digital Computer Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts SUBJECT: To: From: GROUP 6^ SBMIHAR OH MAQHITISM, HVIII Group 63 Engineers Norman
More informationAn Analysis of Structural and Optical Properties Undoped ZnS and Doped (with Mn, Ni) ZnS Nano Particles
Journal of Modern Physics, 213, 4, 122-126 http://dx.doi.org/1.4236/jmp.213.47137 Published Online July 213 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp) An Analysis of Structural and Optical Properties Undoped ZnS
More informationPreparation and properties of ferrite derived from iron oxidizing bacteria
Article Materials Science July 2012 Vol.57 No.19: 2470 2474 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5192-1 SPECIAL TOPICS: Preparation and properties of ferrite derived from iron oxidizing bacteria ZHANG WenQiang, CAI
More informationAC conductivity of Polyaniline/Mixed metal oxide (Pani/NiCoFe 2 O 3 ) Composites
International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. ISSN 0973-1776 Volume 13, Number 2 (2017), pp. 201-209 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com AC conductivity of Polyaniline/Mixed metal
More informationMICROWAVE PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND STUDIES OF NANOSIZED COBALT OXIDE
MICROWAVE PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND STUDIES OF NANOSIZED COBALT OXIDE Abstract ANILKUMAR KODGE Department of Chemistry, Singhania University, Rajastan, India (Rural Engineering College, Bhalki,
More informationPhysics of Nanomaterials. Module II. Properties of Nanomaterials. Learning objectives
Physics of Nanomaterials Module II Properties of Nanomaterials Learning objectives Microstructure and defects in nanomaterials, dislocations, twins, stacking faults and voids, grain boundaries Effect of
More informationSynthesis of Y 2 O 3 Nanoparticles by Modified Transient Morphology Method
2011 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Process IPCBEE vol.10 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Synthesis of Y 2 O 3 Nanoparticles by Modified Transient Morphology Method Zobadeh Momeni
More informationStructural Properties of NiO-CGO Composites Precursor Prepared via Combustion Synthesis Route
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 21, No. 10 (2009), S157-161 Structural Properties of NiO-CGO Composites Precursor Prepared via Combustion Synthesis Route PANKAJ KALRA# ANIRUDH P. SINGH and AJAY KUMAR #
More informationStructure and Magnetic Properties of Mn and Al Doped Magnesium Ferrite
44 China Steel Technical Report, No. Structure 29, pp.44-48, and Magnetic (2016) Properties of Mn and Al Doped Magnesium Ferrite Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn and Al Doped Magnesium Ferrite MING-FENG
More informationRETRACTED. Shamima Choudhury 1*, Mahabub Alam Bhuiyan 1 and Sheikh Manjura Hoque 2
Choudhury et al. International Nano Letters 2012, 2:6 ORIGINAL Open Access Retracted: Effect of sintering temperature on apparent density and transport properties of NiFe 2 O 4 : synthesized from nanosize
More informationMn DOPED SnO2 Semiconducting Magnetic Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 4, April-2011 1 Mn DOPED SnO2 Semiconducting Magnetic Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method K.Vadivel, V.Arivazhagan,
More informationDilute magnetic semiconductors. Iuliia Mikulska University of Nova Gorica Doctoral study, programme physics
Dilute magnetic semiconductors Iuliia Mikulska University of Nova Gorica Doctoral study, programme physics Spintronics Spintronics (a neologism meaning "spin transport electronics"), also known as magnetoelectronics
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 64~68 (2010) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Preparation of highly porous aluminum hydroxide gels by hydrolysis of an aluminum
More informationEffect of Li Addition on Synthesis of Mg-Ti BCC Alloys by means of Ball Milling
Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 2 (07) pp. 121 to 126 #07 The Japan Institute of Metals Effect of Li Addition on Synthesis of - BCC Alloys by means of Ball Milling Kohta Asano, Hirotoshi Enoki and
More informationHigh Resolution X-ray Diffraction
High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Nina Heinig with data from Dr. Zhihao Donovan Chen, Panalytical and slides from Colorado State University Outline Watlab s new tool: Panalytical MRD system Techniques:
More informationUnit-1 THE SOLID STATE QUESTIONS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS)
Unit-1 THE SOLID STATE QUESTIONS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 1. What are anistropic substances. 2. Why are amorphous solids isotropic in nature?. Why glass is regarded as an amorphous solid? 4.
More informationSynthesis, Characterization of Fe 3 O 4, CoFe 2 O 4 Nanomaterials and Its Application in Photodegradation of Rhodamin B dye
Synthesis, Characterization of Fe 3 O 4, CoFe 2 O 4 Nanomaterials and Its Application in Photodegradation of Rhodamin B dye Sandhya Singh, Gaurav Hitkari, Gajanan Pandey Research Scholar, Dept. of Applied
More informationCrystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev
Crystal Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Cu 2 FeSnS 4 Nanocrystals with Band Gap around 1.5 ev Xiaoyan Zhang, a,b Ningzhong Bao,* c Karthik Ramasamy, a Yu-Hsiang A. Wang, a Yifeng Wang, c Baoping Lin b and
More informationStructure of silica glasses (Chapter 12)
Questions and Problems 97 Glass Ceramics (Structure) heat-treated so as to become crystalline in nature. The following concept map notes this relationship: Structure of noncrystalline solids (Chapter 3)
More informationSynthesis of multi core-shell nanocomposite of MnFe 2 O 4 -multi-walled carbon nanotube based polypyrrole and investigation radar absorbing properties
Open Science Journal of Modern Physics 2014; 1(5): 37-43 Published online January 20, 2015 (http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/osjmp) Synthesis of multi core-shell nanocomposite of MnFe 2 O 4 -multi-walled
More informationEx-situ Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of Iron Oxide Thin Films
Ex-situ Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of Iron Oxide Thin Films Saira Riaz 1), Hassan Yousaf 2), Shumaila Islam 3), *Zohra N. Kayani 4) and Shahzad Naseem 5) 1), 2), 5) Centre of Excellence
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Iron Sulphide (ZnFeS) Of Varying Zinc Ion Concentration
International Journal of Science and Technology Volume 5 No. 5, May, 2016 Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Iron Sulphide (ZnFeS) Of Varying Zinc Ion Concentration I. B. Obasi 1 and J. C. Osuwa 2
More informationEHE TECHNICAL BULLETIN. Ferrimagnetic 1 materials for HF welding impeders. TB1010. History. Composition. Manufacturing Process
BULLETIN EHE TECHNICAL TB1010 Ferrimagnetic 1 materials for HF welding impeders. There is now a wide variety of ferrite types available from several manufacturers around the world. Only a small number
More informationELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
CHAPTER VII ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 7.1 INTRODUCTION Ferrites are extensively used in electronics and telecommunication industry because of their novel magnetic and electrical properties. These are used
More informationFormation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Co Fe Si B Nb Bulk Glassy Alloys
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 5 (2002) pp. 1230 to 1234 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Co Fe Si B Nb Bulk Glassy Alloys Akihisa
More informationPermeability characterization of ferrites in the radio frequency range
Permeability characterization of ferrites in the radio frequency range Author: Mireia Alenyà Sistané Advisor: Arturo Lousa Rodríguez Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona,
More informationSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF MgO NANOPARTICLES
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF MgO NANOPARTICLES Bhagya J 1,2, Dedhila Devadathan 1, Baiju V 1, Biju R 1, Raveendran R 1 1 Nanoscience Research Laboratory, Department of Physics,
More informationSOL-GEL COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LiMn1.95-XCo0.05CrXO4 CATHODE MATERIALS
SOL-GEL COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LiMn1.95-XCo0.05CrXO4 CATHODE MATERIALS Paulos Taddesse Shibeshi 1 *, Alemayehu Asefa 2 1*Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, College of Natural
More informationApplications of Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Technique for CZTS Thin Film Solar Cells
NANO VISION An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal www.nano-journal.org ISSN 2231-2579 (Print) ISSN 2319-7633 (Online) Abbr: Nano Vision. 2013, Vol.3(3): Pg.235-239 Applications
More informationPreparation and characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si thermoluminescent material
VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 23 (2007) 225-231 Preparation and characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si thermoluminescent material Vu Thi Thai Ha 1, Nguyen Thi Quy Hai 1, Nguyen Ngoc Long 2,,
More informationSession 1A4a AC Transport, Impedance Spectra, Magnetoimpedance
Session 1A4a AC Transport, Impedance Spectra, Magnetoimpedance Magneto-impedance of [Co 40Fe 40B 20/Cu] Multilayer Films S. U. Jen, T. Y. Chou, C. K. Lo,.................................................................
More informationMingzhong Wu 1,Y.D.Zhang *,S.Hui,andShihuiGe Inframat Corporation, 74 Batterson Park Road, Farmington, CT 06032, U.S.A.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 755 23 Materials Research Society DD5.17.1 Temperature-Dependent Magnetic Properties of SiO 2 -Coated Ni 75 Fe 25 Nanoparticles Mingzhong Wu 1,Y.D.Zhang *,S.Hui,andShihuiGe
More informationMicrostructure and Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Wet Chemical Method
Vol. 114 (2008) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 6 Proceedings of the Polish Mössbauer Community Meeting 2008 Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Wet Chemical Method
More informationCharacterization of SrAlO:Dy nano phosphors
International Journal of Materials Physics. ISSN 0974-309X Volume 7, Number 1 (2016), pp. 9-13 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Characterization of SrAlO:Dy nano phosphors
More informationNanostructured Engineered Materials With High Magneto-optic Performance For Integrated Photonics Applications
Edith Cowan University Research Online School of Engineering Publications 28 Nanostructured Engineered Materials With High Magneto-optic Performance For Integrated Photonics Applications Mikhail Vasiliev
More informationMohammad Yousefi * and Paransa Alimard. Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
, 49-56. ISSN 1011-3924 Printed in Ethiopia 2013 Chemical Society of Ethiopia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v27i1.5 SYNTHESIS OF M Nd DOPED Fe 3 O 4 NANOPARTICLES (M = Co, Ce, Cr, Ni) WITH TUNABLE
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti 3+ state in TiO 2 thin film and enhanced optical properties by air plasma treatment Bandna Bharti a, Santosh Kumar b, Heung-No Lee c and Rajesh
More informationPVP-Functionalized Nanometer Scale Metal Oxide Coatings for. Cathode Materials: Successful Application to LiMn 2 O 4 Spinel.
PVP-Functionalized Nanometer Scale Metal Oxide Coatings for Cathode Materials: Successful Application to LiMn 2 O 4 Spinel Nanoparticles Hyesun Lim, Jaephil Cho* Department of Applied Chemistry Hanyang
More informationUnit 1 The Solid State
Points to Remember Amorphous and Crystalline Solids Unit 1 The Solid State Amorphous- short range order, Irregular shape eg-glass Crystalline Solids- long range order, regular shape eg : NaCl Molecular
More informationIt is instructive however for you to do a simple structure by hand. Rocksalt Structure. Quite common in nature. KCl, NaCl, MgO
Today the structure determinations etc are all computer -assisted It is instructive however for you to do a simple structure by hand Rocksalt Structure Quite common in nature KCl, NaCl, MgO 9-1 Typical
More information9/28/2013 9:26 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 2 Why study the structure of crystalline solids? Properties of some materials are directly related to their crystal structure. Significant property differences
More informationFurnace Temperature and Atmosphere Influences on Producing Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) Powders for Lithium Ion Batteries
Furnace Temperature and Atmosphere Influences on Producing Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) Powders for Lithium Ion Batteries Abstract: New technologies for creating efficient low cost lithium ion batteries
More informationINSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
CHAPTER V INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION Particle size determination is very essential and important while working with nanomaterials. There are a few good experimental
More informationMicroforging Effect on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FeSiB-based Nanoflakes
J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 212, 28(4), 33 37. Microforging Effect on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FeSi-based Nanoflakes Wooseung Kang Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,
More informationMagnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloys
Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloys Minghe Wang Supervisor: Dr. Marek Niewczas 701 Graduate Seminar 18 th September, 2012 Origin of the magnetism Only atoms with partially
More informationSynthesis of Fe Cu Nanoparticles by Mechanochemical Processing Using a Ball Mill 1
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 4 (2) pp. 667 to 673 c 2 The Japan Institute of Metals Synthesis of Fe Cu Nanoparticles by Mechanochemical Processing Using a Ball Mill 1 Yoshikazu Todaka 1, 2, Paul
More informationSol Gel Synthesis and Characterization of ZnAl 2 O 4 :SiO 2 Nanopowders for Refractory Applications.
J. Nano. Adv. Mat. 1, No. 2, 69-74 (2013) 69 International Journal of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials An International Journal @ 2013 NSP Natural Sciences Publishing Cor. Sol Gel Synthesis and Characterization
More informationSynthesis and characterization of Aln 2 O 4 indates, A ˆ Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS 17 (1998) 619±623 Synthesis and characterization of Aln 2 O 4 indates, A ˆ Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba S. ESTHER DALI, V. V. S. S. SAI SUNDAR, M. JAYACHANDRAN, M. J. CHOCKALINGAM
More informationStructural and Optical Properties of MnO 2 : Pb Nanocrystalline Thin Films Deposited By Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 4 (April. 2013), V4 PP 52-57 Structural and Optical Properties of MnO 2 : Pb Nanocrystalline Thin Films Deposited
More informationThis journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry S 1
2013 S 1 Thermochemical analysis on the growth of NiAl 2 O 4 rods Sang Sub Kim, a Yong Jung Kwon, b Gunju Sun, a Hyoun Woo Kim,* b and Ping Wu* c a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha
More informationPREPARATION OF SUPPORTED NANOPARTICLES USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
PREPARATION OF SUPPORTED NANOPARTICLES USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS Y. Zhang and C. Erkey* Department of Chemical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269 e-mail: cerkey@engr.uconn.edu fax:
More informationA SOLVENT-FREE COMPOSITE SOLID ELECTROLYTES OF Li 2 CO 3 Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM PREPARED VIA WATER BASED SOL GEL METHOD
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS A SOLVENT-FREE COMPOSITE SOLID ELECTROLYTES OF Li 2 CO 3 Al 2 O 3 SYSTEM PREPARED VIA WATER BASED SOL GEL METHOD M. Sulaiman 1, *, A.A. Rahman 1, N.S.
More informationEffect of Magnesium Doping on the Physicochemical Properties of Strontium Formate Dihydrate Crystals
Chem Sci Trans., 2013, 2(1), 141-146 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2013.333 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of Magnesium Doping on the Physicochemical Properties
More informationStacking Oranges. Packing atoms together Long Range Order. What controls the nearest number of atoms? Hard Sphere Model. Hard Sphere Model.
{ Stacking atoms together Crystal Structure Stacking Oranges Packing atoms together Long Range Order Crystalline materials... atoms pack in periodic, 3D arrays typical of: -metals -many ceramics -some
More informationThe Influence of Nanocrystalization of the FeSiB Amorphous Alloy by Means of Nd: YAG Pulsed Laser heating on its Magnetic Properties.
Solid State Phenomena Vol. 94 (2003) pp 75-78 (2003) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.94.75 The Influence of Nanocrystalization of the FeSiB Amorphous Alloy by Means
More informationPREPARATION OF VISIBLE-LIGHT-DRIVEN TIO 2 PHOTOCATALYST DOPED WITH IRON IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
PREPARATION OF VISIBLE-LIGHT-DRIVEN TIO 2 PHOTOCATALYST DOPED WITH IRON IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE Esther Alonso *, Héctor Fernández-Rodríguez and M.J. Cocero Department of Chemical Engineering &
More informationUltrathin Nanosheets of Feroxyhyte: A New Two-dimensional. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale,
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Electronic Supplementary Information for Ultrathin Nanosheets of Feroxyhyte: A New Two-dimensional
More informationConductivity and Dielectric Studies of PMMA Composites
Chem Sci Trans., 2013, 2(S1), S129-S134 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2013.26 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 RESEARCH ARTICLE Conductivity and Dielectric Studies of PMMA Composites S.
More informationX-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules
N. Kasai M. Kakudo X-Ray Diffraction by Macromolecules With 351 Figures and 56 Tables Kodansha ~Springer ... Contents Preface v Part I Fundamental 1. Essential Properties of X-Rays................. 3 1.1
More informationPoint Defects in Metals
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Point Defects in Metals 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its melting temperature of 327 C (600 K). Assume an energy
More informationThree-dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Film for Highefficiency
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Three-dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Film for Highefficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction
More informationXRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, No. 3, June 2002, pp. 213 217. Indian Academy of Sciences. XRD and TEM analysis of microstructure in the welding zone of 9Cr 1Mo V Nb heat-resisting steel LI YAJIANG*, WANG
More informationSYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZE SILICON CARBIDE POWDER BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SiO 2
2nd International Conference on Ultrafine Grained & Nanostructured Materials (UFGNSM) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 5 (2012) 263 269 World Scientific Publishing Company
More information