Modeling of microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during the high pressure die casting process
|
|
- Doris Tucker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Modeling of microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during the high pressure die casting process To cite this article: Mengwu Wu and Shoumei Xiong 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng Related content - Determination of the metal/die interfacial heat transfer coefficient of high pressure die cast B390 alloy Yongyou Cao, Zhipeng Guo and Shoumei Xiong - Modeling and simulation of dendrite growth in solidification of Al-Si-Mg ternary alloys Yufeng Shi, Yan Zhang, Qingyan Xu et al. - A cellular automaton model for dendrite growth in magnesium alloy AZ91 Hebi Yin and Sergio D Felicelli View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address on 19/06/2018 at 23:13
2 Modeling of microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during the high pressure die casting process Mengwu Wu 1,2 and Shoumei Xiong 1,2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China 2 State Key Laboratory of Automobile Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China smxiong@tsinghua.edu.cn Abstract. Two important microstructure characteristics of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy are the externally solidified crystals (ESCs) and the fully divorced eutectic which form at the filling stage of the shot sleeve and at the last stage of solidification in the die cavity, respectively. Both of them have a significant influence on the mechanical properties and performance of magnesium alloy die castings. In the present paper, a numerical model based on the cellular automaton (CA) method was developed to simulate the microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during cold-chamber high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. Modeling of dendritic growth of magnesium alloy with six-fold symmetry was achieved by defining a special neighbourhood configuration and calculating of the growth kinetics from complete solution of the transport equations. Special attention was paid to establish a nucleation model considering both of the nucleation of externally solidified crystals in the shot sleeve and the massive nucleation in the die cavity. Meanwhile, simulation of the formation of fully divorced eutectic was also taken into account in the present CA model. Validation was performed and the capability of the present model was addressed by comparing the simulated results with those obtained by experiments. 1. Introduction Magnesium alloy is the lightest of all metals used for structural applications. With the increasing demand for light weighting, energy saving and environment protection in the automobile industry, magnesium alloy has been widely used by automobile manufacturers to replace steel, cast iron, and even aluminium alloy. Successful applications of magnesium alloy in automobile industry components include steering wheels, gear boxes, instrument panels and air intake systems, etc. [1]. The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process is a net-shape or near net-shape process with the advantages of high efficiency, considerable economic benefit and high precision of the product size, and generally, it is the dominant manufacturing process for magnesium structural applications. The microstructure of die cast magnesium alloy has a great influence on the final performance of castings. One of the key microstructure characteristics of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy is the appearance of relatively coarse dendrites at the central region of castings. Based on experimental studies and numerical simulation of the filling sequence and solidification behaviour during the HPDC process [2-4], these coarse dendrites have been proven to originate from the nucleation and crystal growth in the melt in the shot sleeve, and they are named Externally Solidified Crystals or ESCs for short. The externally solidified crystals have a significant impact on the quality and performance of Published under licence by Ltd 1
3 magnesium alloy die castings. For example, they obviously affect the grain size distribution, which consequently affects the mechanical properties of die castings. Meanwhile, under extremely poor conditions, for instance, the pouring temperature is too low, or the delay time of the melt in the shot sleeve is too long, cold flakes (or externally solidified products, ESP) may form and occur in the microstructure of die castings. This will severely lower the quality of the castings. Another influence of the externally solidified crystals is that they may affect the filling sequence and solidification behaviour of the melt. Based on the ESCs theory, Dahle et al. [5] explained the formation of defect band in the microstructure of die castings properly. Since most commercially available magnesium alloys for the HPDC process contain aluminium as the main alloying element, another microstructure characteristic of die cast magnesium alloy is the formation of fully divorced eutectic in the interdendritic liquid at the last stage of solidification in the die cavity. The constitution, morphology and distribution of the divorced eutectic in the as-cast microstructure also influence the performance of magnesium alloy die castings, especially the ductility, corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and creep resistance [6]. Accordingly, one of the key aspects of die casting technology is to investigate the effect of process parameters on the microstructure of magnesium alloy, consequently, optimize the process parameters and control the microstructure formation during the HPDC process. In the last two decades, numerical simulation has been rapidly developed as a powerful tool for simulating and predicting the time-dependent microstructure evolution during various solidification processes. Among those deterministic and stochastic methods, the cellular automaton (CA) method has been used extensively for simulation of casting processes on both micro and macro scales with a relatively small computational load [7]. However, most of the published works using the CA method focus on the microstructure simulation of cubic metals, whereas the CA method has considerable difficulties in simulating the microstructure of magnesium alloy with hcp crystal structure. Besides, for the simulation of solidification structure of magnesium alloy during the HPDC process, the formation of externally solidified crystals and divorced eutectic ought to be considered. In the present paper, a cellular automaton model was proposed to simulate the crystal growth of magnesium alloy. Based on the nucleation characteristics and solidification behaviour during the coldchamber HPDC process, both of the nucleation and crystal growth in the melt in the shot sleeve and in the die cavity were taken into account. Meanwhile, the present CA model considered the formation of fully divorced eutectic at the last stage of solidification in the die cavity. The model was applied to simulate the microstructure of cover-plate die castings of AM60 magnesium alloy at different process parameters, and the simulated results were then compared with the experimental results. 2. Morphology and distribution of the ESCs and the divorced eutectic During the cold-chamber HPDC process, firstly, a certain amount of melt at a certain temperature is poured into the shot sleeve. After the slow shot and fast shot phases, the melt fills the die cavity with a high velocity and pressure. Experimental and modeling studies demonstrate that when the melt is hold in the shot sleeve, especially at the slow shot phase, the melt s superheat is lost due to the impingement on the relatively cold shot sleeve wall and plunger. In this case, nucleation and crystal growth occur in the melt in the shot sleeve. At the fast shot phase, a mixture of liquid and crystals is injected into the die cavity, and during this phase, the floating crystals migrate to the central region of the die cavity due to the force of the flowing melt. Therefore, the final microstructure of die castings is not the same as commonly observed microstructure of castings with conventional casting processes. Figure 1 shows the typical microstructure at the central region of AM60 magnesium alloy die castings using OM, EBSD and SEM, respectively. It can be seen that the central region comprises a mixture of coarse dendrites and fine grains. The size of the basal fine grains is about 5~30 μm, while the equivalent grain size of the coarse dendrites is up to 100 μm. Based on the fact that the melt in the die cavity solidifies with a high cooling rate and a short solidification time, the coarse dendrites should not nucleate and grow in the melt in the die cavity. This could also help to validate the theory that the coarse dendrites in the microstructure of die castings originate from the nucleation and crystal growth in the melt in the shot sleeve. 2
4 (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Typical microstructure at the central region of AM60 magnesium alloy die castings using OM (a), EBSD (b) and SEM (c). Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of a cover-plate die casting associated with the experimental observation and quantitative statistics of the ESCs distribution over cross section A. A detailed description of the dimensions of the cover-plate die casting and the process parameters could be found in reference [8]. During the statistics of the area fraction distribution of the ESCs by using an image analysis software, those crystals which grain size was more or less equal to or larger than twice the average grain size were treated as ESCs. It can be noted from figures 2(b) and 2(c) that since the ESCs migrate to the central region of the castings during the fast shot phase of the melt into the die cavity, the percentage of the ESCs is higher at the central region than the surface layer of the castings. Meanwhile, the area fraction of the ESCs along the thickness of the die casting satisfies a Gaussian distribution, while its value at the central region may be up to 25%. Based on experimental studies [3, 4], the percentage of the ESCs is higher at the area near the gate than that of far from the gate of the castings. Besides, the percentage of the ESCs increases when decreasing the pouring temperature and the slow shot phase plunger velocity. At a lower fast shot phase plunger velocity, coarse ESCs are more easily to be observed at the cross section of the castings. In addition, the percentage of the ESCs in the die castings may also be influenced by the dimensions of the shot sleeve and the filling fraction of the melt in the shot sleeve. (a) (b) (c) Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the cover-plate die casting (a) associated with the experimental observation (b) and quantitative statistics (c) of the ESCs distribution over cross section A. Since the solidification of the melt in the die cavity during the HPDC process is far away from equilibrium state, fully divorced eutectic appears in the as-cast microstructure of Mg-Al alloy as shown in figure 1(c). In other words, the eutectic α-mg nucleates and grows attached to the primary α- Mg, while the eutectic β-mg 17 Al 12 nucleates and grows independently. According to the authors previous work, islands and networks of eutectic are observed at the central region of AM60 magnesium alloy die castings, while the eutectic reveals a more dispersed and granular morphology at the surface layer. 3
5 3. Model description Simulation of the microstructure evolution during the solidification process involves modeling of the nucleation and crystal growth at the grain-size scale and even at the atomic scale. One of the key aspects relates to the establishment of the nucleation model and also the crystal growth model suitable for the solidification process. In the present work, as for the solidification of the primary α-mg, a nucleation model was proposed which was divided into two stages based on the nucleation characteristics and sequence during the cold-chamber HPDC process. When the melt is still in the shot sleeve, it starts to solidify in a manner resembling gravity pour permanent mould casting. In this case, the continuous nucleation model with a Gaussian distribution of nuclei is adopted [9]. When the melt enters the die cavity, enormous nucleation and crystal growth occurs in the bulk liquid metal. As for the surface layer of castings, or castings with thin thickness, the cooling rate during solidification may be as high as 1000 K/s. Such high cooling rate will induce the formation of free chill crystals. Based on experimental statistics and data fitting, the nucleation density and cooling rate satisfy a linear relationship. As for the central region of castings with thick thickness, the cooling rate during solidification is much lower due to the weakening of heat transfer and the release of latent heat. In such case, the nucleation density and cooling rate satisfy an exponential relationship. Based on the fact that Mg has a hcp crystal structure, the dendrites of commercially available magnesium alloys grow with six-fold symmetry. In the present paper, based on the CA method, a growth model was established in which the growth kinetics was calculated from the complete solution of the transport equations. By defining a special neighbourhood configuration with the square CA cell, and using a set of capturing rules which was proposed by Beltran-Sanchez and Stefanescu for the dendritic growth of cubic crystal metals during solidification [10], modeling of dendritic growth of magnesium alloy with six-fold symmetry and different growth orientations was achieved. More details relating the nucleation model and dendritic growth model, as well as assumptions and simplifications for simulation of the solidification of the primary α-mg during the HPDC process can be found in references [8, 11]. As for simulation of the formation of fully divorced eutectic at the last stage of solidification in the interdendritic liquid in the die cavity, firstly, a nucleation model proposed by Charbon and LeSar was adopted to simulate the eutectic nucleation [12]. Each eutectic nucleus is generated by two CA cells, one of which represents a nucleus of eutectic α-mg, and the other represents a nucleus of eutectic β- Mg 17 Al 12. Based on the nucleation and growth mechanism of fully divorced eutectic, the eutectic α- Mg nucleates attached to the primary α-mg, while the eutectic β-mg 17 Al 12 nucleates at a certain distance from the eutectic α-mg in the interdendritic liquid. Once the eutectic α-mg and β-mg 17 Al 12 have nucleated, the cooperative and competitive growth of the two phases begins. A detailed description regarding the growth kinetics and growth algorithms of the two eutectic phases of Mg-Al alloy could be found in the authors previous work [13]. 4. Simulation results and discussion To validate the capability of the present CA model, simulations were carried out to predict the microstructure of cover-plate die castings of AM60 magnesium alloy at different process parameters, and then the simulated results were compared with the experimental results. The standard process parameters during the cover-plate die casting experiments were as follows: pouring temperature (973 K), mould temperature (453 K), casting pressure (77 MPa), slow shot phase plunger velocity (0.15 m/s), fast shot phase plunger velocity (4.0 m/s), and filling fraction of the shot sleeve (18.3%) Modeling of the solidification structure of primary α-mg considering the ESCs in the shot sleeve During simulation of the nucleation and dendritic growth of the primary α-mg, the software Anycasting was used firstly to calculate the temperature field of the melt in the shot sleeve. After the slow shot phase, simulation of the solidification of the melt was switched from in the shot sleeve to in the die cavity, since the time of the fast shot phase was extremely short and generally at the magnitude of dozens of milliseconds. Meanwhile, in the present CA model, remelting and fragmentation of the 4
6 dendrites during the fast shot phase of the melt into the die cavity was not taken into account. The temperature field of the melt in the die cavity was obtained using an inverse heat transfer model [11]. Figure 3 shows the simulated microstructure evolution of AM60 magnesium alloy at the central region of cross section A of the cover-plate die casting under the standard process parameters. The calculation domain consists of cells with a cell size of 1.0 μm. It can be seen that the microstructure with a mixture of coarse ESCs and fine grains at the central region of the die casting was acquired via simulation. With an equivalent grain size of the ESCs up to 100 μm, the area fraction of the ESCs in figure 3(c) is about 24.5%. (a) (b) (c) Figure 3. Simulated microstructure evolution of AM60 magnesium alloy at the central region of cross section A of the cover-plate die casting under the standard process parameters: the melt is still in the shot sleeve in figures 3(a) and 3(b), whereas it is in the die cavity in figure 3(c). (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 4. Simulated (a-c) and experimentally observed (d-f) microstructure of AM60 magnesium alloy at the surface layer (a, d), one-fourth thickness (b, e) and the central region (c, f) of cross section A of the cover-plate die casting under the standard process parameters. Figure 4 shows the simulated and experimentally observed microstructure of AM60 magnesium alloy at the surface layer, one-fourth thickness and the central region of cross section A of the cover-plate die casting under the standard process parameters. The calculation domain was divided into cells with a cell size of 0.5 μm and 1.0 μm, respectively in figure 4(a) and figures 4(b-c). It can be seen from figure 4(a) and 4(d) that the surface layer comprises uniformly fine grains. The simulated average grain size is about 14.4 μm, that s very close to the experimentally measured value 14.7 μm. Comparing figures 4(b-c) with figures 4(e-f), it also can be illustrated that the simulated results agree well with the experimental results relating the grain size and the area fraction of the ESCs. 5
7 At the one-fourth thickness and the central region of cross section A, the simulated area fractions of the ESCs are 16.1% and 24.5%, while the experimentally measured are 16.8% and 26.7%, respectively. (a1) (a2) (a3) (b1) (b2) (b3) (c1) (c2) (c3) (d1) (d2) (d3) Figure 5. Simulated solute map (a1-d1), grain size distribution (a2-d2) and experimentally observed grain size distribution (a3-d3) of AM60 magnesium alloy at the central region of cross section A of the cover-plate die casting under different pouring temperatures (T p ) and slow shot phase plunger velocities (V s ): (a1-a3) T p = 953 K, V s = 0.15 m/s (b1-b3) T p = 993 K, V s = 0.15 m/s (c1-c3) T p = 973 K, V s = 0.3 m/s (d1-d3) T p = 973 K, V s = 0.4 m/s. Simulations were further conducted to predict the microstructure of AM60 magnesium alloy at the central region of cross section A of the cover-plate die castings at different pouring temperatures (953, 973 and 993 K) and slow shot phase plunger velocities (0.15, 0.3 and 0.4 m/s). As shown in figure 5, and in conjunction with figures 4(c) and 4(f), it can be concluded that the simulated results are consistent with the experimental results. With a decrease of the pouring temperature, the percentage of the ESCs increases. Under the three different pouring temperatures of 993, 973 and 953 K, the simulated area fractions of the ESCs are 19.2%, 24.5% and 33.5%, while the experimentally measured are 19.3%, 26.7% and 32.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of the ESCs increases when decreasing the slow shot phase plunger velocity. The reason for this is that the holding 6
8 time of the melt in the shot sleeve would be longer in such case, which results in a more severely loss of the superheat of the melt then. Under the three different slow shot phase plunger velocities of 0.4, 0.3 and 0.15 m/s, the simulated and experimentally measured area fractions of the ESCs are 14.8%, 18.1%, 24.5% and 14.5%, 17.2%, 26.7%, respectively Modeling of the formation of fully divorced eutectic When the temperature of the melt in the die cavity goes below the eutectic temperature, and the solute concentration in the interdendritic liquid is up to the eutectic composition, eutectic nucleation and growth begins. Figure 6 shows the simulated and experimentally observed eutectic morphology, as well as distribution at the central region of AM60 magnesium alloy die castings. The calculation domain consists of cells with a cell size of 1.0 μm. Firstly, it can be seen from the amplified view of the rectangle region in figure 6(c) that the eutectic α-mg indeed nucleates and grows attached to the primary α-mg, while the eutectic β-mg 17 Al 12 nucleates and grows independently at the early stage of eutectic solidification. As the solidification proceeds, the two eutectic phases impinge on each other, and then the cooperative and competitive growth of the two phases begins. Comparing figure 6(c) with 6(d), it can be noted that the simulated result agrees well with the experimental result relating the morphology and distribution of the eutectic, which grows into the form of islands/networks at the grain boundary of the primary α-mg. (a) (c) (c1) (b) (d) Figure 6. Simulated microstructure evolution of the eutectic (a-c) and experimentally observed eutectic morphology (d) at the central region of AM60 magnesium alloy die castings: figure 6(c1) shows the amplified view of the rectangle region in figure 6(c). 5. Conclusions A cellular automaton model was developed to simulate the microstructure evolution of magnesium alloy during the cold-chamber HPDC process. Based on the solidification behaviour and sequence during the HPDC process, both of the nucleation and crystal growth of the primary α-mg in the melt in the shot sleeve and in the die cavity, as well as the formation of the fully divorced eutectic at the last stage of solidification in the interdendritic liquid in the die cavity were taken into account in the present CA model. During simulation of the microstructure of a cover-plate die casting of AM60 magnesium alloy, it can be found that the percentage of the ESCs is higher at the central region than that at the surface layer of the die castings. With a decrease of both of the pouring temperature and 7
9 slow shot phase plunger velocity, the percentage of the ESCs increases in the die castings. Meanwhile, the fully divorced eutectic grows into the form of islands/networks at the central region of the die castings. The simulated results are in accordance with the experimental results. Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under grant Nos. 2011BAE21B00, 2011ZX , 2011ZX and 2010DFA The die casting experiments were conducted with the help of engineers from Toyo Machinery & Metal Co., Ltd. References [1] Friedrich H and Schumann S 2001 J. Mater. Process. Technol [2] Helenius R, Lohne O, Arnberg L and Laukli H I 2005 Mater. Sci. Eng. A [3] Laukli H I, Lohne O, Sannes S, Gjestland H and Arnberg L 2003 Int. J. Cast Met. Res [4] Wu M W and Xiong S M 2011 Acta Metall. Sin [5] Dahle A K, Sannes S, StJohn D H and Westengen H 2001 J. Light Met [6] Cao H and Wessén M 2004 Metall. Mater. Trans. A [7] Boettinger W J, Coriell S R, Greer A L, Karma A, Kurz W, Rappaz M and Trivedi R 2000 Acta Mater [8] Wu M W and Xiong S M 2011 Proc. 11th Asian Foundry Congress (Guangzhou) vol 2 (Li R D: Shenyang/Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society) p 139 [9] Thévoz P, Desbiolles J L and Rappaz M 1989 Metall. Trans. A [10] Beltran-Sanchez L and Stefanescu D M 2002 Int. J. Cast Met. Res [11] Wu M W and Xiong S M 2010 Acta Metall. Sin [12] Charbon C and LeSar R 1997 Model. Simu. Mater. Sci. Eng [13] Xiong S M and Wu M W 2011 Experimental and modeling studies of the lamellar eutectic growth of Mg-Al alloy Preprint /s
Study on rheo-diecasting process of 7075R alloys by SA-EMS melt homogenized treatment
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Study on rheo-diecasting process of 7075R alloys by SA-EMS melt homogenized treatment Recent citations - Wear analysis of A356
More informationThe Effects of Superheating Treatment on Distribution of Eutectic Silicon Particles in A357-Continuous Stainless Steel Composite.
Please cite this paper as M. N. Mazlee & J. B. Shamsul. (2012). The Effects of Superheating Treatment on Distribution of Eutectic Silicon Particles in A357-Continuous Stainless Steel Composite, Advanced
More informationSolidification and Crystallisation 5. Formation of and control of granular structure
MME 345 Lecture 08 Solidification and Crystallisation 5. Formation of and control of granular structure Ref: [1] A. Ohno, The Solidification of Metals, Chijin Shokan Co. Ltd., 1976 [2] P. Beeley, Foundry
More informationSurface formation in direct chill (DC) casting of 6082 aluminium alloys
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Surface formation in direct chill (DC) casting of 682 aluminium alloys To cite this article: N Bayat and T Carlberg 216 IOP Conf.
More informationGrain Refinement of Al-Si Alloys by Nb-B Inoculation. Part 1: Concept Development and Effect on Binary Alloys. Part 2: Application to Commercial
Grain Refinement of Al-Si Alloys by Nb-B Inoculation. Part 1: Concept Development and Effect on Binary Alloys. Part 2: Application to Commercial Alloys 1 Grain refinement of Al-Si alloys by Nb-B inoculation
More informationThe improvement of aluminium casting process control by application of the new CRIMSON process
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering The improvement of aluminium casting process control by application of the new CRIMSON process To cite this article: X Dai et al 2012 IOP Conf.
More informationSimulation of High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) via STAR-Cast
Simulation of High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) via STAR-Cast STAR Global Conf. 2012, 19-21 March, Noordwijk Romuald Laqua, Access e.v., Aachen High Pressure Die Casting: Machines and Products Common Materials:
More informationMechanism and application of a newly developed pressure casting process: horizontal squeeze casting
Special Report CHINA FOUNDRY Celebrating the Mechanism and application of a newly developed pressure casting process: horizontal squeeze casting *Li Peijie 1, Huang Xiusong 1, He Liangju 1, Liu Xiangshang
More informationPhase field simulation of the columnar dendritic growth and microsegregation in a binary alloy
Vol 17 No 9, September 28 c 28 Chin. Phys. Soc. 1674-156/28/17(9)/3516-7 Chinese Physics B and IOP Publishing Ltd Phase field simulation of the columnar dendritic growth and microsegregation in a binary
More informationNumerical modelling of the solidification of ductile iron
Journal of Crystal Growth 191 (1998) 261 267 Numerical modelling of the solidification of ductile iron J. Liu*, R. Elliott Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street,
More informationThe use of magnesium has grown dramatically in the. Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 CHINA FOUNDRY
CHINA FOUNDRY Vol.9 No.2 Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 *Xuezhi Zhang, Meng Wang, Zhizhong Sun, and Henry Hu (Department of Mechanical, Automotive and
More informationMICROSTUCTURE OF CAST TITANIUM ALLOYS
MATERIALS FORUM VOLUME 31-2007 Edited by J.M. Cairney and S.P. Ringer Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia MICROSTUCTURE OF CAST TITANIUM ALLOYS M.J. Bermingham, S.D. McDonald, M.S. Dargusch,
More informationHypereutectic aluminium alloy tubes with graded distribution of Mg Si particles prepared by centrifugal casting
Ž. Materials and Design 1 000 149 153 Hypereutectic aluminium alloy tubes with graded distribution of Mg Si particles prepared by centrifugal casting Jian Zhang a,b,, Zhongyun Fan a, Yuqing Wang b, Benlian
More informationWater mist effect on cooling process of casting die and microstructure of AlSi9 alloy
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-331) Volume 1 Issue 2/21 185 194 33/2 Water
More informationMechanical and Die Soldering Properties of Al-Si-Mg Alloys with Vacuum HPDC Process
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on uminium loys, September 5-9, 21, Yokohama, Japan 21 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 1768-1773 1768 Mechanical and Soldering Properties of -Si-Mg
More informationThe Effect of Si Content on the Size of β-al 5 FeSi Intermetallics in Al-Si- Cu-Mg Casting Alloys
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 1216 Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd The Effect of Si Content
More informationMg-Al alloys, such as AZ91 and AM60 alloys, have been
Effect of Cu addition on microstructure and properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb high zinc magnesium alloy *You Zhiyong, Zhang Yuhua, Cheng Weili, Zhang Jinshan and Wei Yinghui ( College of Materials Science
More informationProcess-scale modelling of microstructure in direct chill casting of aluminium alloys
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Process-scale modelling of microstructure in direct chill casting of aluminium alloys To cite this article: M Bedel et al 2015
More informationVibration influence on structure and density of aluminum alloys
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Vibration influence on structure and density of aluminum alloys To cite this article: A A Usoltsev et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.:
More informationMohammad Anwar Karim Id :
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering ME 8109 Casting and Solidification of Materials EFFECTS OF RAPID SOLIDIFICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF AL, MG & TI ALLOYS Winter 2012 Presented
More informationInvestigation on the Rate of Solidification and Mould Heating in the Casting of Commercially Pure Aluminium in Permanent Moulds of varying Thicknesses
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684 Volume 6, Issue 1 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 33-37 Investigation on the Rate of Solidification and Mould Heating in the Casting
More informationJ = D C A C B x A x B + D C A C. = x A kg /m 2
1. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic
More informationLiquid Solubility of Manganese and Its Influence on Grain Size of Mg-Al Alloys* 1
Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 8 (2006) pp. 1968 to 1974 #2006 The Japan Institute of Light Metals Liquid Solubility of Manganese and Its Influence on Grain Size of Mg-Al Alloys* 1 Yosuke Tamura,
More informationEffects of quench aging treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy
Effects of quench aging treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy T.-J. Chen*, Y. Hao and Y.-D. Li The effects of quench aging heat treatment on microstructure and tensile
More informationPhase Selection and Phase Transformation in Eutectic Iron-bearing Particles in a DC-Cast AA5182 Alloy
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 998 Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd Phase Selection and Phase
More informationPostprint.
http://www.diva-portal.org Postprint This is the accepted version of a paper published in Materials Science Forum. This paper has been peerreviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections
More informationDevelopment Center, Warren, MI , USA 3 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China
EPD Congress 2013 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2013 STUDY ON EFFECTS OF INTERFACIAL ANISOTROPY AND ELASTIC INTERACTION ON MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION AND GROWTH KINETICS OF A SINGLE PRECIPITATE
More informationModification of Ohnaka back diffusion equation
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Modification of Ohnaka back diffusion equation To cite this article: A Turkeli 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 117 012021
More informationPART II: Metal Casting Processes and Equipment
Manufacturing Engineering Technology in SI Units, 6 th Edition PART II: Metal Casting Processes and Equipment Introduction Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold cavity Process produce intricate
More informationRecently, more aggressive jet engines and industrial gas
August 2012 Research & Development Phase transformation and liquid density redistribution during solidification of Ni-based superalloy Inconel 718 *Wang Ling 1, Gong He 1, Zhao Haofeng 1, Dong Jianxin
More informationApplication of Sequence Control Injection in Modified Design of Car Front Bumper
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Application of Sequence Control Injection in Modified Design of Car Front Bumper To cite this article: Wang Feng et al 2014 IOP Conf.
More informationEffect of Zn content on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Mg-Mn alloy
Effect of Zn content on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Mg-Mn alloy *Yin Dongsong 1, Zhang Erlin 2 and Zeng Songyan 1 (1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin
More informationMicrostructural evolution of Al Zn Mg Cu (Sc) alloy during hot extrusion and heat treatments
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155 156 (2004) 1330 1336 Microstructural evolution of Al Zn Mg Cu (Sc) alloy during hot extrusion and heat treatments Dong-Woo Suh a,, Sang-Yong Lee a, Kyong-Hwan
More informationContinuous Rheocasting for Aluminum-Copper Alloys
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 9 (2002) pp. 2285 to 2291 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Continuous Rheocasting for Aluminum-Copper Alloys Kiyoshi Ichikawa, Masahito Katoh and Fumio Asuke Ecology-Oriented
More informationMicrostructures and mechanical properties of Mg Zn Zr Dy wrought magnesium alloys
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 36, No. 3, June 2013, pp. 437 445. c Indian Academy of Sciences. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg Zn Zr Dy wrought magnesium alloys Z H HUANG,,, WJQI, K H ZHENG,
More informationCHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS
CHAPTER 9 PHASE DIAGRAMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 9.14 Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases for the alloys and temperatures given in Problem 9.8. 9.8. This problem asks that
More informationDEFECT CONTROL IN THIXOMOLDING PROCESS AZ91D PRESENTED BY PRASHANT PATEL
MICROSTRUCTURE EVALUATION DEFECT CONTROL IN THIXOMOLDING PROCESS AZ91D PRESENTED BY PRASHANT PATEL OUT LINE FOR PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION THIXO-MOLDING PROCESS DEFECTS IN CASTING EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS RESULT
More informationImprovement of hydrogen storage properties of magnesium alloys by cold rolling and forging
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Improvement of hydrogen storage properties of magnesium alloys by cold rolling and forging To cite this article: Jacques Huot et al
More informationHigh speed steels are widely used in making highspeed
Solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel by different casting technologies *Zhou Xuefeng, Fang Feng and Jiang Jianjing (Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University,
More informationEffect of oxide film defects generated during mould filling on mechanical strength and reliability of magnesium alloy castings (AZ91)
Effect of oxide film defects generated during mould filling on mechanical strength and reliability of magnesium alloy castings (AZ91) A. R. Mirak* 1, M. Divandari 1, S. M. A. Boutorabi 1 and J. A. Taylor
More informationDevelopment of creep-resistant magnesium casting alloys for high temperature automotive applications
High Performance Structures and Materials IV 53 Development of creep-resistant magnesium casting alloys for high temperature automotive applications L. Han, H. Hu & D. O. Northwood Department of Mechanical,
More informationPOROSITY DEVELOPMENT AND CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ALLOYS FABRICATED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING
Solid Freeform Fabrication 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium An Additive Manufacturing Conference POROSITY DEVELOPMENT AND CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
More informationSolidification of Metals in Molds
Metal Casting Solidification of Metals in Molds Pure Metals - Solidify at a constant temperature Planar solidification front Columnar crystals Eutectics - Solidify at a constant temperature Planar solidification
More informationOVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION Solidification processes are familiar to all of us, whether they concern the formation of frost on windows or ice in trays, the freezing of solders in electronic circuits,
More informationROLE OF SOLUTE AND TRANSITION METALS IN GRAIN REFINEMENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS UNDER ULTRASONIC MELT TREATMENT
13 th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA13) Edited by: Hasso Weiland, Anthony D. Rollett, William A. Cassada TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2012 ROLE OF SOLUTE AND TRANSITION
More informationANALYSIS OF HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION IN DUCTILE IRON
ANALYSIS OF HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION IN DUCTILE IRON TMS 1, Simon N. Lekakh 2 1 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society); 184 Thorn Hill Rd.; Warrendale, PA 15086-7514, USA 2 Missouri University
More informationApplication of aluminum alloy castings in aerospace
February 2010 Research & Development Effect of returns on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu based alloys *Li Min, Wang Hongwei, Wei Zunjie, Zhu Zhaojun (School of Materials Science and
More informationGrain Refinement for Improved Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability
Grain Refinement for Improved Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability K. Sweatman 1, S. D. McDonald 2, M. Whitewick 2, T. Nishimura 1, and K. Nogita 2 1. Nihon Superior Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan 2. University
More informationPhase Diagrams of Pure Substances Predicts the stable phase as a function of P total and T. Example: water can exist in solid, liquid and vapor
PHASE DIAGRAMS Phase a chemically and structurally homogenous region of a material. Region of uniform physical and chemical characteristics. Phase boundaries separate two distinct phases. A single phase
More informationMetal Casting. Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, 5th ed. Kalpakjian Schmid 2008, Pearson Education ISBN No.
Metal Casting Important factors in casting Solidification of the metal from its molten state and accompanying shrinkage Flow of the molten metal into the mold cavity Heat transfer during solidification
More informationHot Deformation Behavior of High Strength Low Alloy Steel by Thermo Mechanical Simulator and Finite Element Method
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Hot Deformation Behavior of High Strength Low Alloy Steel by Thermo Mechanical Simulator and Finite Element Method To cite this
More informationFormation of Primary TiAlSi Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si Foundry Alloys
Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) Edited by J.F. Nie, A.J. Morton and B.C. Muddle Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd 659 Formation of Primary TiAlSi
More informationLearning Objectives. Chapter Outline. Solidification of Metals. Solidification of Metals
Learning Objectives Study the principles of solidification as they apply to pure metals. Examine the mechanisms by which solidification occurs. - Chapter Outline Importance of Solidification Nucleation
More informationMicrostructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Y Alloys with 14H Long Period Ordered Structure
Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 4 (2006) pp. 959 to 965 Special Issue on Platform Science and Technology for Advanced Magnesium Alloys, III #2006 The Japan Institute of Light Metals Microstructure
More informationCFD MODELLING OF MACRO-SEGREGATION AND SHRINKAGE IN LARGE DIAMETER STEEL ROLL CASTINGS: A COMPARISON ON SEN AND DLP TECHNIQUES
Ninth International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia 10-12 December 2012 CFD MODELLING OF MACRO-SEGREGATION AND SHRINKAGE IN LARGE DIAMETER STEEL ROLL
More informationSub-Liquidus Casting: Process Concept &
Sub-Liquidus Casting: Process Concept & Product Properties PRESENTATION OUTLINE SSM Process Advantages & Cost- Effectiveness The SLC Slurry Process What Makes SLC Work? Properties and Characteristics Summary
More informationCasting Process Part 2
Mech Zone Casting Process Part 2 (SSC JE Mechanical/ GATE/ONGC/SAIL BHEL/HPCL/IOCL) Sand Casting cope: top half drag: bottom half core: for internal cavities funnel sprue runners gate cavity {risers, vents}
More informationNew Cu-based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Strength of 2000 MPa
Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 449-452, pp 945-948 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.945 2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland New Cu-based Bulk Metallic
More informationESTIMATION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN PERMANENT MOLD CASTING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
ESTIMATION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN PERMANENT MOLD CASTING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Florin Susac 1, Virgil Gabriel Teodor 1, Daniel Ganea 2 1 Dunărea de Jos University of Galaţi, Depart.
More informationStructure and phase composition of the superalloy on the basis of Ni-Al- Cr alloyed by Re and La
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Structure and phase composition of the superalloy on the basis of Ni-Al- Cr alloyed by Re and La To cite this article: E L Nikonenko
More informationA new quaternary phase observed in a laser treated Zn-Al-Mg-Si coating
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2014 A new quaternary phase observed in a laser
More informationSIMULATION OF DIFFUSIONAL PROCESSES DURING SOLIDIFICATION IN AUSTENITIC STEELS
Abstract SIMULATION OF DIFFUSIONAL PROCESSES DURING SOLIDIFICATION IN AUSTENITIC STEELS D. Baldissin*, L. Battezzati, Dipartimento di Chimica IFM e Centro di Eccellenza NIS, Università di Torino, Via P.
More informationSTUDY OF PISTON SLEEVE MANUFACTURED BY SAND CASTING PROCESS TO REDUCE REJECTION RATE USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN 2249-6890 Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 161-168 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. STUDY OF PISTON SLEEVE MANUFACTURED BY
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COOLING RATE FOR CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Kirti Kanaujiya, Yugesh Mani Tiwari Department of Mechanical Engineering
ISSN 2320-9135 1 International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2015, Online: ISSN 2320-9135 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON COOLING RATE FOR CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Kirti
More informationDual-scale phase-field simulation of Mg-Al alloy solidification
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Dual-scale phase-field simulation of Mg-Al alloy solidification To cite this article: A Monas et al 2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater.
More informationMicrostructure and texture of asymmetrically rolled aluminium and titanium after deformation and recrystallization
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Microstructure and texture of asymmetrically rolled aluminium and titanium after deformation and recrystallization To cite this
More informationA STUDY OF CASTING CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIE-CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY
ME8109: Casting And Solidification of Material A STUDY OF CASTING CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIE-CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering
More informationPhase Transformation in Materials
2015 Fall Phase Transformation in Materials 11. 11. 2015 Eun Soo Park Office: 33-313 Telephone: 880-7221 Email: espark@snu.ac.kr Office hours: by an appointment 1 Contents for previous class Solidification:
More informationStatistical Analysis for Influence of Factors on Morphological Evolution in Semi-Solid Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-0.5Cu Alloy by Cooling Plate Method* 1
Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 5 (211) pp. 862 to 867 Special Issue on Aluminium Alloys 21 #211 The Japan Institute of Light Metals Statistical Analysis for Influence of Factors on Morphological
More informationIn the past a few years, TiAl-based intermetallics have been
Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy melted in various crucibles Wang Ligang, Zheng Lijing, Cui Renjie, Yang Lili, *Zhang Hu (School of Materials Science and Engineering,
More informationRecently, manufacturing of high-quality die casting
CHINA FOUNDRY Vol.5 No.4 Improvement of die life in high speed injection die casting Yasuhiro Arisuda 1, *Akihito Hasuno 1, Junji Yoshida 2, Kazunari Tanii 2 (1. RYOBI Limited, 762 Mesaki-ch, Fuchu-shi,
More informationChapter 10, Phase Transformations
Chapter Outline: Phase Transformations Heat Treatment (time and temperature) Microstructure Kinetics of phase transformations Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation Growth, rate of the phase transformation
More informationEffect of titanium on the near eutectic grey iron
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jun 15, 2018 Effect of titanium on the near eutectic grey iron Moumeni, Elham; Tiedje, Niels Skat; Hattel, Jesper Henri Publication date: 2012 Link back to DTU Orbit Citation
More informationResistance Spot Welding of AA5052 Sheet Metal of Dissimilar Thickness
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Resistance Spot Welding of AA5052 Sheet Metal of Dissimilar Thickness To cite this article: N A Mat Din et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.:
More informationCOMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CAST PISTON POROSITY
Tome V (year 2007), Fascicole 2, (ISSN 1584 2665) COMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CAST PISTON POROSITY D. KAKAS, L. KOVACEVIC, P. TEREK UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD, FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES,
More informationPhase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1
Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study
More informationLecture 11: Metallic Alloys
Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys TRIP Steels A phase change can do work; a good example of this is how viruses infect
More informationGrain Refinement of an Al-2 wt%cu Alloy by Al3Ti1B Master Alloy and Ultrasonic Treatment
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Grain Refinement of an Al-2 wt%cu Alloy by Al3Ti1B Master Alloy and Ultrasonic Treatment To cite this article: E Q Wang et al
More informationProperties of Magnesium Die Castings for Structural Applications
Materials Forum () 5, 8- Properties of Magnesium Die Castings for Structural Applications T. Abbott and M. Easton Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing School of Physics and Materials
More informationHot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process
EPJ Web of Conferences 6, 07001 (2010) DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20100607001 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2010 Hot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process A. Niel,a, F. Deschaux-beaume,
More informationProgress on modeling and simulation of directional solidification of superalloy turbine blade casting. *Xu Qingyan, Liu Baicheng, Pan Dong, Yu Jing
Progress on modeling and simulation of directional solidification of superalloy turbine blade casting *Xu Qingyan, Liu Baicheng, Pan Dong, Yu Jing (Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology,
More informationDie design and process optimization of plastic gear extrusion
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Die design and process optimization of plastic gear extrusion To cite this article: Lei Zhang et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater.
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF Ni BASE SUPERALLOY FOR INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE
Superalloys 2004 Edited by K.A. Green, T.M. Pollock, H. Harada, T.E. Howson, R.C. Reed, J.J. Schirra, and S, Walston TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2004 DEVELOPMENT OF Ni BASE SUPERALLOY
More information{411}<148> Texture in Thin-Gauge Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel
Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2016, 29(6), 554 560 DOI 10.1007/s40195-016-0419-9 {411} Texture in Thin-Gauge Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel Cheng-Xu He 1 Fu-Yao Yang 1,2 Guang Ma 2 Xin Chen 2 Li
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION DURING DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF INTERMETALLIC Ti-45.9Al-8Nb ALLOY. Z. Gabalcová J. Lapin
MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION DURING DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF INTERMETALLIC Ti-45.9Al-8Nb ALLOY Z. Gabalcová J. Lapin Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Račianska
More informationMicrostructure and Microhardness of an Al-Zr-Ti-Fe Alloy
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 1004-1008 1004 Microstructure and Microhardness
More informationSOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTIC OF TITANIUM CARBIDE PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 7, No. 2 (2012) 248-256 School of Engineering, Taylor s University SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTIC OF TITANIUM CARBIDE PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM
More informationEffect of thermal ageing treatment on the mechanical properties of antimony-modified A356.0-type Al-Si-Mg alloy
Effect of thermal ageing treatment on the mechanical properties of antimony-modified A356.0-type Al-Si-Mg alloy M. Abdulwahab * 1,2, I. A. Madugu 3, F. Asuke 1, O.S.I. Fayomi 2,4, F. A. Ayeni 3 1 Department
More informationComparison of conventional magnesium alloys with Mg-Al-Ca-Zn and Mg-Al-Sr-Zn alloys processed by injection molding
In: Kainer, K. U. (Hrsg.): 8th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and their Applications, Weimar, 26.-29. October 2009. 68-74 Comparison of conventional magnesium alloys with Mg-Al-Ca-Zn and
More informationWeldability charts for constructional steels
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Weldability charts for constructional steels To cite this article: J C Ion and M F Ashby 0 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 3 00 View the article
More informationK S T S ' = K L T L ' + vl v
Heat Flow and Interface Stability Elemental metals - solidification rate controlled by rate at which latent of fusion can be conducted away from the solid/liquid interface Heat conduction can be either
More informationTHE EFFECT OF MOULD TEMPERATURE AND COOLING CONDITIONS ON THE SIZE OF SECONDARY DENDRITE ARM SPACING IN Al-7Si-3Cu ALLOY
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES Scientific paper UDC: 620.18:669.71 THE EFFECT OF MOULD TEMPERATURE AND COOLING CONDITIONS ON THE SIZE OF SECONDARY DENDRITE ARM SPACING IN Al-7Si-3Cu
More informationThe Effect of La Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Hot-Extruded Al 15%Mg 2 Si Composite
The Effect of La Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Hot-Extruded Al 15%Mg 2 Si Composite Paper Presenter: S.H. Allameh 1 A. Akhlaghi 2, M. Noghani 3, M. Emamy 4. 1,4- School of Metallurgy
More informationSimulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings
Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings P. Scarber, Jr. The University of Alabama at Birmingham H. Littleton The University of Alabama at Birmingham Copyright 2008 American Foundry Society
More informationMorphology of Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si-Fe Alloy and Its Control by Ultrasonic Vibration*
Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 9 (2007) pp. 2467 to 2475 #2007 Japan Foundary Engineering Society Morphology of Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Si-Fe Alloy and Its Control by Ultrasonic Vibration*
More informationPredicting the Rheological Behavior of AISI D2 Semi- Solid Steel by Plastic Instability Approach
American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, 41-45 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/materials/1/3/3 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/materials-1-3-3
More informationRecrystallization behaviour of AA6063 extrusions
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Recrystallization behaviour of AA6063 extrusions To cite this article: K Zhang et al 2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 89
More informationMicrostructure and Corrosion Resistance Property of a Zn-Al-Mg Alloy with Different Solidification Processes
MATEC Web of Conferences 109, 0100 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/ matecconf/20171090100 Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance Property of a Zn-Al-Mg Alloy with Different Solidification Processes Guang-rui Jiang
More informationThe Volume Deficit of Iron- Carbon Alloys
Technical Article 01 ASK Chemicals S. Fischer U. Skerdi S. Hasse The Volume Deficit of Iron- Carbon Alloys The specific volume of the standard casting metals is larger in the liquid state than in the solid
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE Cu-Al-Sn PHASE EQUILIBRIA, CLOSE TO THE COPPER ZONE
J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall. 53 (3) B (017) 09-13 Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE Cu-Al-Sn PHASE EQUILIBRIA, CLOSE TO THE COPPER ZONE D.F. Soares *,
More information