Glass in energy. Glasses for solar energy I: low-e and solar control glass MAT 498
|
|
- Natalie Ward
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Glass in energy Glasses for solar energy I: low-e and solar control glass MAT 498 Lehigh University Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
2 The use of glass in solar energy involves two general types of applications: - bulk glass applications, requiring specific optical, thermal and chemical glass properties, such as glass tubing in solar thermal concentrators (in concentrated solar power, CSP); - applications where glass is essentially a substrate for functional coatings (generally not glassy), which include again CSP (glass mirror substrates), but also low emissivity and solar control glass windows, solar panel glass windows, photovoltaic (PV) panels and photocatalytic (photochemical) self-cleaning glasses. The scale of solar systems ranges from power plants to individual power units. The four main applications which will be considered are, therefore: - solar control glass (namely low emissivity) - today s lecture 4 - thermal: including solar concentration (parabolic trough and flat heliostat mirror technologies) and solar hot water panels; - lecture 5 - photovoltaic (glass containing) panels, including solar panel glass windows; - lecture 6 - photochemical (namely photocatalytic, self-cleaning glass windows) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
3 The solar spectrum Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
4 Adapted from: (20 Jan 2012) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
5 From the second lecture, Kirchoff s law; its more general form is: T + A + R + S + K = 1 (Transmitted + Absorbed + Reflected + Scattered + emitted = 100 %) Sun light can be: transmitted, absorbed, reflected, scattered and re-emitted by a glass window. Scattering by architectural glass is negligible. Absorção por cromóforos The emissivity of a glass is the ability of a glass surface to radiate energy when its temperature rises above that of its surroundings. ssasw (Adapted from: The science and design of engineering materials, McGraw-Hill, 1999) Características ópticas dum vidro de silicato azul Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring a absorção da luz no azul é devida a uma impureza, e.g., Co 2+,
6 Solar power density (W/m 2 m) Blackbody power density (W/m 2 m) Solar and thermal spectral distributions Solar Thermal Visual Wavelentgh (m) 300 K Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
7 Solar and thermal spectral distributions, and two idealized window transmission spectra Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
8 Glass for a sustainable society Window coatings for energy efficiency Active coatings smart Thermochromic Photochromic Electrochromic Passive coatings non-switchable Anti-reflection Up/down converting Low-E Solar control Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
9 Adapted from: Windows of the Future, Andre Anders (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory), International Workshop on Glass for Harvesting, Storage and Efficient Usage of Solar Energy, Nov , 2008, Pittsburgh, PA Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
10 Adapted from: Windows of the Future, Andre Anders (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory), International Workshop on Glass for Harvesting, Storage and Efficient Usage of Solar Energy, Nov , 2008, Pittsburgh, PA Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
11 Flat (window) glass is currently coated with passive coatings in order to reduce heat transfer. To improve the energy efficiency of windows, more and more commercial architectural glass is being coated with films which allow solar radiation to pass through, but reduce heat transfer (particularly the emissivity). Coating processes include spray pyrolysis, CVD, sputtering and microwave heating; the latter two can be applied online. With microwave heating, only the glass is heated and not the furnace atmosphere. Sol-gel is also a possible alternative. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
12 - Low emissivity glass - Solar control glass Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
13 Radiations % Radiations % Two functions to reduce heat transfer Solar Control Low Emissivity Sun s IR rejected Sun Radiations Visible light transmitted Coating Reflection Solar Control (Cool-Lite SKN155) Sun Radiations Keep the heat inside Coating reflection Low-emissivity (Planitherm UN) Black Body at 300K 0 0,3 0,8 1,3 1,8 2,3 Wavelength (µm) 0 0, Wavelength (µm) From: Chuck Anderson, Saint-Gobain Recherche, Montpellier EFONGA Workshop, 2009 Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
14 Low-emissivity glass coatings for energy savings in buildings Substantial energy savings in buildings can be achieved by the use of double-glazed insulating glass windows (or IGU insulating glass units) which reduce heat transfer through the air/gas sandwiched layer and particularly by double glass pane windows coated on the inside with a low emissivity (low-e) coating. Such coating is usually deposited by spray pyrolysis (hard pyrolitic metal oxide coating), by CVD or by sputtering (soft multilayer coating formed by different types of alternating metal and metal oxide layers). Often, such coatings are made of F-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 :F), but they may also be made of other oxides like ZnO, In 2 O 3 or TiO 2, whereas the metal layers may consist of Ag, Al, Ti, Zn, Sn, Ni, Cr, or stainless steel. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
15 Radiations % Radiations % Solar Control Low Emissivity Sun s IR rejected A low-e coating transmits shortwave visible light into the building (while absorbing UV and short-wave IR), but reflects long-wave thermal Sun Radiations Visible light transmitted radiation back inside the building (inside pane of glass). Coating Reflection Solar Control (Cool-Lite SKN155) Sun Radiations Keep the heat inside Coating reflection Low-emissivity (Planitherm UN) Black Body at 300K 0 0,3 0,8 1,3 1,8 2,3 Wavelength (µm) 0 0, Wavelength (µm) Adapted from: Chuck Anderson, Saint-Gobain Recherche, Montpellier EFONGA Workshop, 2009 Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
16 glass In 2 O 3 :Sn Adapted from: Windows of the Future, Andre Anders (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory), International Workshop on Glass for Harvesting, Storage and Efficient Usage of Solar Energy, Nov , 2008, Pittsburgh, PA Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
17 Reflectance / Transmittance / Normalised Solar Irradiance Sun ~ μm Optical properties of Ag-based low-e coated glass Solar T R Wavelength (m) From: Chuck Anderson, Saint-Gobain Recherche, Montpellier EFONGA Workshop, 2009 Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
18 IGU keeps the heat inside Low-E glass Low-E coatings are usually metal or metal oxides which reduce the amount of heat which enters or escapes the home through the windows. They also block UV rays, reducing fading to furniture, etc.. In cold climates, to keep the heat inside, the coating should be applied to the interior pane of the glass (as shown). In warmer climates, to keep heat from entering the home, the coating should be applied to the exterior pane (like in solar control glass). Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
19 incorporating low-e glass coating Adapted from: Windows of the Future, Andre Anders (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory), International Workshop on Glass for Harvesting, Storage and Efficient Usage of Solar Energy, Nov , 2008, Pittsburgh, PA Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring Q.
20 Radiations % Radiations % Solar control Solar Control Low Emissivity Sun s IR rejected Sun Radiations Visible light transmitted Coating Reflection Solar Control (Cool-Lite SKN155) Keep the heat inside A solar control coating reflects near-uv and near-ir radiation from the sun, while transmitting the visible portion Sun Radiations Coating reflection Low-emissivity (Planitherm UN) Black Body at 300K 0 0,3 0,8 1,3 1,8 2,3 Wavelength (µm) 0 0, Wavelength (µm) Adapted from: Chuck Anderson, Saint-Gobain Recherche, Montpellier EFONGA Workshop, 2009 Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
21 IGU Sun s IR rejected Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
22 While low emissivity often relies on coatings prepared by deposition in vacuum (namely by magnetron sputtering), sol-gel is a less expensive alternative technique to prepare solar control glass coatings for energy efficient windows in architectural, automotive and microwave applications. This method enables the preparation of multilayer coatings which have selective high reflectivity properties in the NUV and NIR domains. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
23 Objectives - To develop sol-gel glass coatings for solar control: only ~ half of the solar energy (the visible part) is transmitted, while the near-uv (NUV) and NIR are reflected as much as possible. - Using Bragg mirrors (BMs), photonic bandgap-type coatings with high reflectivity in: NUV and NIR. - These Bragg mirrors are multi-layered alternating silicate glass/titania coatings, prepared by sol-gel, with a single layer thickness x = λ c / 4n, λ c being the peak wavelength of the stop band of high reflectivity and n its refractive index. - Aim: to cover a glass window with two different BMs: (1) a NUV-reflecting BM and (2) a NIR-reflecting BM. In real life, the films will be prepared by sol-gel and deposited by roller- or spray-coating, e.g.. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
24 Using Bragg mirrors (BMs), which are 1-D photonic bandgap-type coatings with high reflectivity in: near-uv and near-ir. outside inside AS Aluminosilicate T - Titania Prototype (single pane) These BMs are multi-layered alternating aluminosilicate glass/titania coatings, prepared by sol-gel, with a single layer thickness x = λ c / 4n, with λ c being the peak wavelength of the stop band of high reflectivity. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
25 Interference filter (Distributed Bragg Reflector, DBR, or simply a Bragg Mirror, BM) a c n 0 a k a l= 2a Interference filter as 1-D PC stop band dielectric band Reduced zone scheme for optical dispersion relation d c n 0 d k Typical filter characteristics with stop band Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
26 R % Distributed Bragg Reflector (Bragg mirror) n 1 n l n 0 n s 0.8 d 1 d N n d 1 1 n2d2 l / Stop band R n ( n ) n ( n 2N 2N ( 0 2 s 1 2 ) 2N 2 n0 ( n2) n ( 1) N s n ) Wavelength (nm) The higher the refractive index contrast and the more DBR periods, the higher the reflectivity. The individual (high and low index) layers are transparent. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
27 Simulations of BM spectral responses (Transfer Matrix Method) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
28 Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring * S 11 S 11 n Si cav Si Si N k k k k k k k k k k k o o n n d n d n in d n n i d n n n S cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 cos l l l l The reflection spectrum of a BM structure, cav, can be calculated by the transfer matrix method (TMM). In the present case, only light at normal incidence was considered: where n Si is the refractive index of the (Si) substrate and S 11 is the (1, 1) element of the transfer matrix S, defined as: here n o = 1 is the refractive index of air, N is the total number of alternating layers, λis the wavelength of light and n k and d k are the refractive index and thickness of each layer. Transfer matrix method (TMM)
29 Si / (TS) 4 TMM simulation n S = 1.44 n T = x S = 60 nm x T = 45 nm 0.8 % R Short-λ BM normal incidence Wavelength / nm Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
30 Si / (TS) 4 TMM simulation n S = 1.44 n T = x S = 175 nm x T = 125 nm 0.8 % R Long-λ BM normal incidence Wavelength / nm Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
31 Sol-gel film processing 3 ml TEOS 6 ml isopropanol 0.48 ml 1% HCl stirring 3h at 70ºC stirring 1h aluminosilicate sol (Si:Al = 10:1) 2.5 ml Ti-isopropoxide 3 ml acetic acid 0.5 g Al(NO) 3 stirring 1h 12 ml ethanol stirring 1h ageing 24 h for spin-coating Substrates: SiO 2, Si or BS glass Heat 450 ºC titania sol Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
32 % T Optical transmission of substrates Fe 2+ silica (x = 1 mm) Glass A (x = 1mm) Borosilicate (x = 1 mm) Window glass (x=2 mm) Wavelength (nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
33 % T Optical transmission of BMs (NUV and NIR) Glass A Glass A 3 NUV + 0 NIR 0 NUV + 3 NIR glass/t/s/t/s/t/s stop band stop band Wavelength (nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
34 T Simulations of BMs spectral responses (NUV+NIR) 1,0 0,8 0,6 1 0,4 0,2 3 NIR 0 NUV + 3 NIR 1 NUV + 3 NIR 2 NUV + 3 NIR 3 NUV + 3 NIR 0, l(nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
35 T Simulations of BMs spectral responses (NIR) targeted to 1 µm 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 NUV 0 NUV + 3 NIR 0 NUV + 4 NIR 0 NUV + 5 NIR 0 NUV + 6 NIR 0, l(nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
36 % T Optical transmission of BMs (NIR) 3-5 pairs N19-0UV+3IR N19-0UV+4IR N19-0UV+5IR glass/t/s/t/s/t/s Wavelength (nm) stop band (designed to 1 m) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
37 T Simulation 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 TMM 6 IV (ST)6 6 IV (ST)6+S 6 IV (TS)6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0, l (nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
38 % T 100 Glass substrate glass/s/t/s/t/s/t... (2S+3T) n23 (3iv) n24 (6iv) n25 (6iv+1s) Glass substrate l (nm) Nanostructured glass coatings for solar control (2S+3T) 6 (2S+3T) 6 +1S Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
39 R % Reflection spectroscopy results (2S+3T) 6 (2S+3T)6 +1S (2S+3T) 3 R10-N23 R10-N24 R10-N l (nm) Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
40 Conclusions A solar control coating reflects near-uv and near-ir radiation from the sun, while transmitting the visible portion. The sol-gel method is a low-cost coating technology for this purpose. Good quality Bragg Mirrors may be prepared by solgel processing. The combination of multiple types of coatings on the same glass offers a possibility to obtain multi-functional window glass. Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring Q.
41 References: Rui M. Almeida, Luís M. Fortes and M. Clara Gonçalves, Sol-Gel derived photonic bandgap coatings for solar control, Opt. Mater. 33 (2011) Commercial glasses, Advances in Ceramics, Vol. 18, ed. D.C. Boyd and J.F. MacDowell, The American Ceramic Society (Columbus, Ohio, 1986). Rui M. Almeida Glass in energy Spring
Energy Efficient Glazing Design. John Ridealgh Off-Line Coatings Technology Group Pilkington European Technology Centre
Energy Efficient Glazing Design John Ridealgh Off-Line Coatings Technology Group Pilkington European Technology Centre 2 John Ridealgh 30th November 2009 Talk Outline Pilkington Group Limited & NSG Group
More informationZnO-based Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films
IEEE EDS Mini-colloquium WIMNACT 32 ZnO-based Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films Weijie SONG Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China
More informationEuropean Timber Windows & Doors
European Timber Windows & Doors Providers of Passivhaus building performance solutions Passive House Pty Ltd 7-9 Raglan St North Melbourne VIC p 03 9329 3693 e info@passivehouse.com.au Building Thermal
More informationOptical Coatings. Photonics 4 Luxury Coatings , Genève. Dr. Andreas Bächli Head of Optical Coatings at RhySearch, Buchs (SG)
Optical Coatings Photonics 4 Luxury Coatings 21.06.2017, Genève Dr. Andreas Bächli Head of Optical Coatings at RhySearch, Buchs (SG) RhySearch The Research- and Innovation Center in the Rhine Valley RhySearch
More informationLarge Area Coating for Glazing IOP Vacuum Symposium Daresbury 11 th Feb 2010
Large Area Coating for Glazing IOP Vacuum Symposium Daresbury 11 th Feb 2010 Off-Line Coatings Technology Group Pilkington European Technology Centre 2 NSG Group Pilkington a member of NSG Group from June
More informationHigh Transmittance Ti doped ITO Transparent Conducting Layer Applying to UV-LED. Y. H. Lin and C. Y. Liu
High Transmittance Ti doped ITO Transparent Conducting Layer Applying to UV-LED Y. H. Lin and C. Y. Liu Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli,
More informationNew Performance Levels for TPV Front Surface Filters
LM-4K54 June 1, 24 New Performance Levels for TPV Front Surface Filters TD Rahmlow, JE Lazo-Wasem, EJ Gratrix, PM Fourspring, and DM DePoy NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored
More informationSolar Cells and Photosensors.
Designing Photonic Crystals in Strongly Absorbing Material for Applications in Solar Cells and Photosensors. Minda Wagenmaker 1, Ebuka S. Arinze 2, Botong Qiu 2, Susanna M. Thon 2 1 Mechanical Engineering
More informationSageGlass. SageGlass Product Guide. Dynamic glass for a changing world
SageGlass Dynamic glass for a changing world SageGlass Product Guide Ultra-efficient SageGlass provides unmatched performance and proven reliability in commercial, institutional and residential buildings
More informationSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Energy in the form of heat is required for diverse applications in various sectors including domestic, agricultural, commercial and industrial sectors. As there is a gap between
More informationThickness and composition analysis of thin film samples using FP method by XRF analysis
Technical articles Thickness and composition analysis of thin film samples using FP method by XRF analysis Hikari Takahara* 1. Introduction X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is an elemental quantification
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
In the format provided by the authors and unedited. ARTICLE NUMBER: 16178 DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2016.178 Enhanced Stability and Efficiency in Hole-Transport Layer Free CsSnI3 Perovskite Photovoltaics Supplementary
More informationREDUCTION OF REFLECTION LOSSES IN SOLAR CELL BY USING TIAL2 AND ZR ANTI REFLECTIVE COATING
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-738 REDUCTION OF REFLECTION LOSSES IN SOLAR CELL BY USING TIAL2 AND ZR ANTI REFLECTIVE COATING S. Anandhi
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 4. Glass Composition and Preparations. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Glass Composition and Preparations Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University For a given, selected value of
More informationOptical Coatings. Phone: Fax: Domostroitelnaya str St. Petersburg, Russia
The Fresnel reflection at the boundary of media with different refractive indices and interference in thin films allow the optical components reflecting and transmitting properties to be selectively and
More informationThe Study of Nanostructured Solar Selective Coatings
The Study of Nanostructured Solar Selective Coatings This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Science (By Research) in Electronics Engineering Yuyi Yang Department
More informationInfluence of Thermal Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Lead Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique
Influence of Thermal Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Lead Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique D.D.O. Eya, Ph.D. Department of Physics, Federal University
More informationObservation of Liquid-filled Window without Presence of Liquid in Test Chamber
SSP - JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2016 DOI: 10.1515/sspjce-2016-0020 Observation of Liquid-filled Window without Presence of Liquid in Test Chamber Ján Lojkovics Technical University
More informationLUXAR. Anti-reflective glass
LUXAR Anti-reflective glass LUXAR anti-reflective glass. A new dimension for anti-reflective glass Residual Reflection* LUXAR Magnetron Sputtered anti-reflective glass with almost no reflectance, is an
More informationVACUUM VIEWPORTS. Introduction... I 03 KF Viewports... I 09 I 01. VACUUM / Components & Consumables
I VAUUM VIEWPORTS Introduction... I 03 KF Viewports... I 09 I I 01 Neyco manufactures a range of UHV viewports in F, ISO or KF flange styles including a variety of coatings to enhance performance. Materials
More informationAnalysis of optical properties of solar energy materials
Analysis of optical properties of solar energy materials Comices Energie solaire - Namur - 23/04/2012 Michel Voué Physique des Matériaux et Optique Centre de Recherche en Physique des Matériaux Université
More informationGlass Processing Course
Glass Processing Course Lecture 4. COLOR IN COMMERCIAL GLASSES JAMES E. SHELBY Professor Emeritus Alfred University shelbyje@alfred.edu Spring 2015 An Online-learning resource from the IMI-NFG Lecture
More informationSGG PLANITHERM TOTAL New generation advanced performance low-e glass
SGG PLANITHERM TOTAL New generation advanced performance low-e glass SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS COMFORT SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS COMFORT Enhanced thermal insulation SGG PLANITHERM TOTAL New generation advanced performance
More informationMn DOPED SnO2 Semiconducting Magnetic Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 4, April-2011 1 Mn DOPED SnO2 Semiconducting Magnetic Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method K.Vadivel, V.Arivazhagan,
More informationPERFORMANCE STUDY ON EFFECT OF NANO COATINGS ON LIQUID FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 B Jaya Prakash et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013 2013 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved PERFORMANCE STUDY ON EFFECT OF
More informationStructure and optical properties of M/ZnO (M=Au, Cu, Pt) nanocomposites
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 8 () 339 38 Structure and optical properties of M/ (M=Au, Cu, Pt) nanocomposites U. Pal a,b, *, J. Garc!ıa-Serrano a, G. Casarrubias-Segura a, N. Koshizaki c, T. Sasaki
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 1. Intro to Glass and the Glass Transition. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Intro to Glass and the Glass Transition Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Program Glass and amorphous
More informationProduction of Al 2 O 3 Thin films for FET and
6 th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS 11), 16-18 May 011, Elazığ, Turkey Production of Al O 3 Thin films for FET and MOSFET Transistor Gate Applications B. Gündüz 1, M. Cavaş, F. Yakuphanoğlu
More informationGVB GmbH Solutions in Glass Nordstern-Park Herzogenrath Germany Fax
GVB GmbH Solutions in Glass Nordstern-Park 2 52134 Herzogenrath Germany +49 2406 665588-0 Fax +49 2406 665588-10 info@g-v-b.de www.g-v-b.de EN09 QUARTZ TUBE This standard quartz tube is a kind of clear
More informationThin Films & AR Coated. Viewports. Thin Film & AR Coated. Viewports
Thin Films & AR Item Page Thin Film Coatings Introduction P 02 Kodial Zero Length with Anti-Reflective Coatings P 04 Kodial Zero Length with Anti-Reflective Coatings-Non-Magnetic P 07 Kodial Zero Length
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Iron Sulphide (ZnFeS) Of Varying Zinc Ion Concentration
International Journal of Science and Technology Volume 5 No. 5, May, 2016 Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Iron Sulphide (ZnFeS) Of Varying Zinc Ion Concentration I. B. Obasi 1 and J. C. Osuwa 2
More informationHybrid high refractive index polymer coatings
Hybrid high refractive index polymer coatings Yubao Wang, Tony Flaim, Ramil Mercado, Shelly Fowler, Doug Holmes, and Curtis Planje Brewer Science, Inc., 2401 Brewer Dr., Rolla, M 65401 ABSTRACT Thermally
More informationPRECISION OPTICAL FILTERS BY EOSS - ENHANCED OPTICAL SPUTTERING SYSTEM. Fraunhofer
PRECISION OPTICAL FILTERS BY EOSS - ENHANCED OPTICAL SPUTTERING SYSTEM EOSS ENHANCED OPTICAL SPUTTERING SYSTEM Fraunhofer IST, Braunschweig Contact: Dr. M. Vergöhl +49 531 2155 640 EOSS Coating System
More informationENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS LESS ENERGY, MORE SAVINGS, BETTER FUTURE
ENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS LESS ENERGY, MORE SAVINGS, BETTER FUTURE No Need to Sacrifice Natural Daylight Low-E Clear balances high levels of natural light transmission with improved thermal insulation providing
More informationHigh strain point glass substrate for photovoltaic solar cell
Empowering solar efficiency Module material PV200 High strain point glass substrate for photovoltaic solar cell Much less deformation in the heating process than soda-lime glass. Small variations in thermal
More informationSurface Analysis of Electrochromic Switchable Mirror Glass Based on Magnesium-Nickel Thin Film in Accelerated Degradation Test
Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2011) pp. 464 to 468 #2011 The Japan Institute of Metals Surface Analysis of Electrochromic Switchable Mirror Glass Based on Magnesium-Nickel Thin Film in Accelerated
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 21. Abnormal Dispersion and Athermal Glasses. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Abnormal Dispersion and Athermal Glasses Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Abnormal dispersion and
More information2007 PLACE Conference September 16-20 St Louis, MO Nano-Composite Polymer Optical Coatings Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc. Tom Faris vcoat@copper.net Introduction What is a nano-composite polymer coating?
More informationQswitched lasers are gaining more interest because of their ability for various applications in remote sensing, environmental monitoring, micro
90 Qswitched lasers are gaining more interest because of their ability for various applications in remote sensing, environmental monitoring, micro machining, nonlinear frequency generation, laserinduced
More informationCoatings. Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD) process Advance Plasma Source (APS) plasma-ion assisted Deposition. Coatings on Optical Fibers
Anti-Reflection Custom Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD) process Advance Plasma Source (APS) plasma-ion assisted Deposition Anti-Reflection on Optical Fibers OptoSigma supplies a wide selection of optical
More informationThe growth of patterned ceramic thin films from polymer precursor solutions Göbel, Ole
University of Groningen The growth of patterned ceramic thin films from polymer precursor solutions Göbel, Ole IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you
More informationStructural and Optical Properties of MnO 2 : Pb Nanocrystalline Thin Films Deposited By Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 4 (April. 2013), V4 PP 52-57 Structural and Optical Properties of MnO 2 : Pb Nanocrystalline Thin Films Deposited
More informationTHE EFFECT OF THE POST-ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE NANOSTRUCTURE OF SNO 2 SYNTHESIZED BY THERMAL EVAPORATION METHOD
THE EFFECT OF THE POST-ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE NANOSTRUCTURE OF SNO 2 SYNTHESIZED BY THERMAL EVAPORATION METHOD L.S. Chuah Physics Section, School of Distance Education,Universiti Sains Malaysia,
More informationArmorcoat 2 Mil Clear
Armorcoat 2 Mil Clear % Transmittance 77 71 65 % Absorptance 12 19 20 % Reflectance 11 10 15 % Transmittance 85 84 77 % Reflectance exterior 13 12 19 % Reflectance interior 12 12 19 Emissivity.85.85.85
More informationINFLUENCE OF TiO2 THIN FILM ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES SYNTHESIZED BY CVD TECHNIQUE
INFLUENCE OF TiO2 THIN FILM ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES SYNTHESIZED BY CVD TECHNIQUE F. N. Mohamed, M. S. A. Rahim, N. Nayan, M. K. Ahmad, M. Z. Sahdan and J. Lias Faculty of Electrical
More informationAn Analytical Study Of The Optical Properties Of Copper- Antimony Sulphide Thin Films And Possible Applications Of The Film
Int. J. Thin Film Sci. Tec. 2 No. 2, 53-66 (213) 53 International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/1/12785/ijtfst/221 An Analytical Study Of The Optical Properties Of Copper-
More informationHigh Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition to make Multimaterial Optical Fibers
High Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition to make Multimaterial Optical Fibers Subhasis Chaudhuri *1 1, 2, 3, John V. Badding 1 Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
More informationStudy on Properties of Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering Tao Chen a, Maojin Dong, Jizhou Wang,Ling Zhang and Chen Li
Study on Properties of Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering Tao Chen a, Maojin Dong, Jizhou Wang,Ling Zhang and Chen Li Science and Technology on Surface Engineering Laboratory,
More informationSynergetic plasmonic effect of Al and Au nanoparticles for efficiency. enhancement of air processed organic photovoltaic devices
Electronic Electronic Supplementary Information Synergetic plasmonic effect of Al and Au nanoparticles for efficiency enhancement of air processed organic photovoltaic devices George Kakavelakis a,b, Emmanuel
More informationITO SPUTTER COATED FILMS FOR TOUCH PANEL APPLICATIONS USING ROTARY SINTERED CERAMIC ITO TARGETS: WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM GLASS COATING?
ITO SPUTTER COATED FILMS FOR TOUCH PANEL APPLICATIONS USING ROTARY SINTERED CERAMIC ITO TARGETS: WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM GLASS COATING? Paul Lippens AIMCAL Web coating conference 2012 Outline Introduction
More informationenergy Solar reflective surfaces
energy Solar reflective surfaces Highly reflecting The highly reflecting specular surfaces are a key component of concentrating solar specular surfaces systems. They concentrate the solar radiation precisely
More informationScienceDirect. High performance coatings for solar receivers and new dedicated manufacturing solution
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 48 (2014 ) 701 706 SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry September 23-25, 2013,
More informationIntroduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology
SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Introduction Solar Energy Technology Gerrit Jacobs 14-18 June 2010 Jakarta Indonesia Training Course on Renewable Energy Part II - MEMR CASINDO 1 2 Climate Change 3 4 Green House
More informationDoris Ehrt and Doris Möncke. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Otto-Schott-Institut, Fraunhoferstr. 6, D Jena, Germany,
Charge transfer absorption of Fe 3+ and Fe + complexes and UV radiation induced defects in different glasses Doris Ehrt and Doris Möncke Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Otto-Schott-Institut, Fraunhoferstr.
More informationUnderstanding Optical Coatings For Military Applications
Understanding Optical Coatings For Military Applications By Trey Turner, Chief Technology Officer, REO Virtually all optical components used in military applications, such as target designation, rangefinding
More informationSelecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Tennessee
Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Tennessee www.efficientwindows.org January 06 STAR Zones. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that
More informationSolar Spectrum. -Black body radiation. Light bulb 3000 K Red->Yellow->White Surface of Sun 6000 K
Solar Spectrum 1 Solar Spectrum -Black body radiation Light bulb 3000 K Red->Yellow->White Surface of Sun 6000 K 2 Solar Spectrum -Black body radiation Light bulb 3000 K Red->Yellow->White Surface of Sun
More informationGrowth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Growth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties Ahmed K. Abbas 1, Mohammed K. Khalaf
More informationLecture 4: Solar Thermal Heat Utilization
Lecture 4: Solar Thermal Heat Utilization http://www.cs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/epslab/apsf/ Lecturers: Syafaruddin & Takashi Hiyama syafa@st.eecs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp hiyama@cs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Time and Venue: Wednesdays:
More informationSelecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Nevada
Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Nevada www.efficientwindows.org January 06 STAR Zones. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that are
More informationConvection Conduction
L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Review Heat transfer processes convection conduction Greenhouse effect Climate change Ozone layer Review The temperature of a system is a measure of the average kinetic energy of
More informationEffects of Thermal Annealing on the Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique.
Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique. H.U. Igwe, O.E. Ekpe, and E.I. Ugwu Department of Industrial Physics, Ebonyi
More informationABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:
ABSTRACT: Nano-Composite Polymer Optical Coatings Tom Faris Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc. P.O. Box 240 Kirkersville, Ohio 43033 (740)-927-5257 f(740)-927-5032 vampirecoatings@earthlink.net Traditionally
More informationSelecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Illinois
Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Illinois www.efficientwindows.org January 016 ENERGY STAR Zones 1. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the ENERGY STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code.
More informationSelecting Energy Efficient Replacement Windows in Arizona
Selecting Energy Efficient Replacement Windows in Arizona www.efficientwindows.org January 016 ENERGY STAR Zones 1. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the ENERGY STAR Windows must comply with your local energy
More informationPALISADE PD 40 SECTION SOLAR CONTROL FILMS. A. Optically clear Titanium Nitride ceramic sputtered polyester film for solar control.
PART 1 GENERAL PALISADE PD 40 SECTION 08 87 13 SOLAR CONTROL FILMS 1.1 SUMMARY A. Optically clear Titanium Nitride ceramic sputtered polyester film for solar control. 1.2 RELATED SECTIONS A. Section 08
More informationChapter 5 Glazing Properties
Chapter 5 Glazing Properties Building Energy Efficiency Technical Guideline for Passive Design (Draft 1) CK Tang Foreword This document is produced as part of Component 4, Building Sector Energy Efficiency
More informationProvided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. ISBN 978-1-4020-9914-4 This chapter was published in the above Springer book. The attached
More informationSolar and Wind Energy
Jerry Hudgins Solar and Wind Energy Department of Electrical Engineering 1 Average Irradiation Data (Annual) from Solarex. The units on the map are in kwh/m 2 /day and represent the minimum case values
More informationEFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS FOR BUILDING FAÇADE INTEGRATION
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS FOR BUILDING FAÇADE INTEGRATION Richard O Hegarty; Oliver Kinnane; Sarah McCormack. Dept of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College
More informationSupporting Information. Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using
Supporting Information Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using solid-state method Mita Dasog, Larissa F. Smith, Tapas K. Purkait and Jonathan G. C. Veinot * Department of Chemistry,
More informationDesign of a Solar Greenhouse with Energy Delivery by the Conversion of Near Infrared Radiation - Part 1 Optics and PV-cells
Design of a Solar Greenhouse with Energy Delivery by the Conversion of Near Infrared Radiation - Part Optics and PV-cells P.J. Sonneveld, G.L.A.M. Swinkels and G.P.A. Bot Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture
More informationNew results on losses correlation with structure
New results on losses correlation with structure E. Coillet, V. Martinez, C. Martinet, A. Mermet Institut Lumière Matière Lyon, France M. Granata, V. Dolique, C. Michel, B. Sassolas, G. Cagnoli, Laboratoire
More informationDesign of a NIR-Concentrator System Integrated in a Greenhouse
Design of a NIR-Concentrator System Integrated in a Greenhouse P.J. Sonneveld, G.L.A.M. Swinkels, B.A.J. van Tuijl and H. Janssen Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture Wageningen The Netherlands Keywords:
More informationPlasmonics using Metal Nanoparticles. Tammy K. Lee and Parama Pal ECE 580 Nano-Electro-Opto-Bio
Plasmonics using Metal Nanoparticles Tammy K. Lee and Parama Pal ECE 580 Nano-Electro-Opto-Bio April 1, 2007 Motivation Why study plasmonics? Miniaturization of optics and photonics to subwavelength scales
More informationInternational Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE ISSN
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE www.ijirk.com The study of the deposition, composition and optical properties of Cu 2 O thin films at 100 o C of NaOH solution and annealed at
More informationThe most efficient way of transforming sunlight into heat
The most efficient way of transforming sunlight into heat TiNOX, The Energy Trap Decisive for highest performance of a solar absorber plate is: - highest possible absorption of solar radiation - minimum
More informationSOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES
SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES Second Edition JOHN A. DUFFIE Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering WILLIAM A. BECKMAN Professor of Mechanical Engineering Solar Energy Laboratory University
More informationThin film silicon technology. Cosimo Gerardi 3SUN R&D Tech. Coordinator
Thin film silicon technology Cosimo Gerardi 3SUN R&D Tech. Coordinator 1 Outline Why thin film Si? Advantages of Si thin film Si thin film vs. other thin film Hydrogenated amorphous silicon Energy gap
More informationConcentrated Solar Power
Professorship of Renewable Energy Carriers Institute of Energy Technology Concentrated Solar Power Martina Neises-von Puttkamer Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich,
More informationCHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM-VANADIUM OXIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ArF LASER ABLATION
CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM-VANADIUM OXIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ArF LASER ABLATION Radek FAJGAR a, Jaroslav KUPČÍK a, Jan ŠUBRT b and Filip NOVOTNÝ c a Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals,
More informationFabrication of Micro and Nano Structures in Glass using Ultrafast Lasers
Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures in Glass using Ultrafast Lasers Denise M. Krol University of California, Davis IMI Glass Workshop Washington DC April 15-17, 2007 Femtosecond laser modification
More informationFs- Using Ultrafast Lasers to Add New Functionality to Glass
An IMI Video Reproduction of Invited Lectures from the 17th University Glass Conference Fs- Using Ultrafast Lasers to Add New Functionality to Glass Denise M. Krol University of California, Davis 17th
More informationStudy of a-sige:h Films and n-i-p Devices used in High Efficiency Triple Junction Solar Cells.
Study of a-sige:h Films and n-i-p Devices used in High Efficiency Triple Junction Solar Cells. Pratima Agarwal*, H. Povolny, S. Han and X. Deng. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo,
More informationComparative Analysis of Retrofit Window Film to Replacement with High Performance Windows
Comparative Analysis of Retrofit Window Film to Replacement with High Performance Windows By Steve DeBusk, CEM, CMVP Global Energy Solutions Manager CPFilms, a Subsidiary of Solutia Inc. Abstract Energy
More informationUltraviolet ray absorbing coatings on glass for automobiles
Thin Solid Films 351 (1999) 61±65 Ultraviolet ray absorbing coatings on glass for automobiles Takeshi Morimoto*, Hiroyuki Tomonaga, Akemi Mitani Research Center, Asahi Glass Company, 1150 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku,
More informationDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA 2
Enhance Solar Water Splitting Performance by Utilizing Near Infrared Radiation with Composite Films of Hematite and Rare Earth Doped Upconversion Materials Ming Zhang, 1 Yongjing Lin, 2 Thomas J. Mullen,
More informationEFFECT OF SIO2 DOPANT ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TIO2 THIN FILMS BY SOL-GEL METHOD M.Sankareswari 1, R.Vidhya 1, K.
EFFECT OF SIO2 DOPANT ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TIO2 THIN FILMS BY SOL-GEL METHOD M.Sankareswari 1, R.Vidhya 1, K.Neyvasagam 2* 1 PG Department of Physics, V.V.Vanniaperumal College
More informationPhoton Enhanced Thermionic Emission for Solar Energy Harvesting Progress Report to the Global Climate and Energy Project
Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission for Solar Energy Harvesting Progress Report to the Global Climate and Energy Project March 5 th, 2010 Investigators Nicholas Melosh, Department of Materials Science
More informationCrystalline silicon surface passivation with SiON:H films deposited by medium frequency magnetron sputtering
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Physics Procedia 18 (2011) 56 60 The Fourth International Conference on Surface and Interface Science and Engineering Crystalline silicon surface passivation with
More informationThe Effect of Thickness Nanoparticle ZnS Films on Optical Properties
The Effect of Thickness Nanoparticle ZnS Films on Optical Properties Asel A. Jasib 1, Ali A. Yousif 2 1,2 Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq asel.adel56@yahoo.com
More informationThin film photovoltaics: industrial strategies for increasing the efficiency and reducing costs
STATO E PROSPETTIVE DEL FOTOVOLTAICO IN ITALIA 26 giugno 2014 ENEA Via Giulio Romano n. 41, Roma Thin film photovoltaics: industrial strategies for increasing the efficiency and reducing costs Anna Battaglia,
More informationThis article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
More informationNanoscience in (Solar) Energy Research
Nanoscience in (Solar) Energy Research Arie Zaban Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan University Israel Nanoscience in energy conservation: TBP 10 TW - PV Land Area Requirements 10 TW 3 TW 10 TW Power Stations
More informationWoven Electrodes for Optoelectronic Devices. Peter Chabrecek. Sefar AG, 9425 Thal, Switzerland
Peter Chabrecek Sefar AG, 9425 Thal, Switzerland Actual SEFAR business Sefar's core skills is the manufacture and market of fabrics with precise mesh openings for screen printing and filtration processes
More informationCHAPTER-VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER-VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Chapter-VII Summary and Conclusions Sr. No. Title Page No. 7.1 Summary 167 7.2 Conclusions.. 171 CHAPTER SEVEN Summary and Conclusions 7.1: Summary The technologies
More informationSession 1A4a AC Transport, Impedance Spectra, Magnetoimpedance
Session 1A4a AC Transport, Impedance Spectra, Magnetoimpedance Magneto-impedance of [Co 40Fe 40B 20/Cu] Multilayer Films S. U. Jen, T. Y. Chou, C. K. Lo,.................................................................
More informationSemiconductor Technology
Semiconductor Technology from A to Z Oxidation www.halbleiter.org Contents Contents List of Figures List of Tables II III 1 Oxidation 1 1.1 Overview..................................... 1 1.1.1 Application...............................
More informationChapter 4: The Global Energy System
Discovering Physical Geography Third Edition by Alan Arbogast Chapter 4: The Global Energy System The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Solar Energy Solar Energy as Radiation Electromagnetic energy transmitted
More information