New Developments in Fast Reactor Related Technologies at HZDR

Transcription

1 New Developments in Fast Reactor Related Technologies at HZDR B. Merk Department Reactor Safety at Institute of Resource Ecology Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf IAEA TWG-FR, Vienna, May 19-23, 2014 Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

2 Content DYN3D developments Cross section measurements Liquid metal technologies Enhanced feedback effects Contribution to P&T Study Molten salt reactor for P&T Seite 2/29

3 DYN3D Develoments DYN3D distribution at national and international institutions Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

4 Verification of XS generation and Steady State Calculations 3D full core calculations (Example: 3600 MW Pu-MOX SFR) At beginning of life DYN3D and PARCS Diffusion solution Serpent: Reference solution Few-group XS for DYN3D and PARCS Seite 4/29

5 Seite 5/29 k-eff, Radial Power, and Safety Parameters Δρ DYN3D vs. Serpent: 128 pcm PARCS vs. Serpent: 84 pcm Max. diff. in radial power DYN3D vs. Serpent: 0.56% PARCS vs. Serpent: 0.34% Parameter Serpent, pcm DYN3D vs. Serpent, pcm PARCS vs. Serpent, pcm Doppler constant Na void reactivity Total CR worth Acknowledements: Eugene Shwageraus, Univ. of Cambridge Konstantin Mikityuk, PSI

6 Developments for Transient Calculatons Thermal hydraulics Sodium thermal hydraulics is tested Fuel rod model coupling of DYN3D with TRANSURANUS in testing Strategy for handling of axial fuel rod expansion in a nodal code is developed, implementation has started Validation on experiments ~ 24 pm in FREYA for validation for LFR, work is started STC with IPPE for validation on BFS experiments has started Seite 6/29

7 Nuclear Data Measurements at the Photoneutron Source nelbe neutron beam electron beam Liquid-Pb loop as neutron producing target Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

8 nelbe double time-of-flight experiment HZDR Dresden incoming neutron time-of-flight: BaF 2 and LaBr 3 scintillators scattered neutron time-of-flight: plastic scintillators Seite 8/29

9 nelbe neutron spectrum 235 U fission chamber Photoneutron spectrum (measured with a 235 U fission chamber) Photofission from bremsstrahlung and neutron induced fission can be measured. similar to the neutron spectrum from fission Neutron time of flight 100 ns 2,5 µs Neutron energy range from 100 kev 7 MeV Measurement time : 49.4 h I e- = 15 μa, E e- = 31 MeV Flight path 618 cm Absorption dips : 78,117, 355, 528, 722, 820 kev 208 Pb scatttering resonances Emission peaks: 40,89,179, 254, 314, 605 kev near threshold photoneutron emission In 208 Pb (strong capture resonances of 207 Pb) R. Beyer et al., NIM A723 (2013) 151 Seite 9/29

10 Double time-of-flight measurement nat Fe(n,n ) -Fe-56 (1.,2.,3. Level) (847, 2085, 2658 kev) -Fe-54 (1. Level) (1408 kev) -Fe-56 (2 x 1. Level) (1694 kev) excited levels in Fe resolved by double time-of-flight method Publications: Neutron total cross section measurements of gold and tantalum at the nelbe photoneutron source Roland Hannaske, et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 49 (2013) 137 Characterization of the neutron beam at nelbe Roland Beyer, et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 723 (2013) Determination of Resonance Parameters and their Covariances from Neutron Induced Reaction Cross Section Data P. Schillebeeckx et al., Nuclear Data Sheets 113 (2012) Inelastic neutron scattering from excited states in 56 Fe R. Beyer et al., Nuclear Physics A 927 (2014) 41 Seite 10/29

11 Liquid Metal Technologies DRESDYN 3D design and curreent comnstruction status Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

12 velocity [mm/s] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Institute of Fluid Dynamics Measurement techniques for liquid metal flows applicable to flows of Na, Pb, PbBi, etc. Local flow fields (3D) can be measured by: - Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (UDV) Velocity profiles in the Na duct flow at HZDR measured by UDV (4 MHz, 5 mm) depth [mm] - Contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) A flow field modifies an externally applied magnetic field: the magnetic field measured outside the melt contains full information about the flow field Essential development over past 1-2 decades: Liquid metal flows can (almost) completely be measured and monitored Seite 12/29

13 Integral flowrate: Eddy-current flowrate measurements (ECFM) Phase-shift sensor of HZDR: phase-shift between receiver coils proportional to flowrate Coils around the flow flow receiver coil1 emitter coil receiver coil2 Transient application: Flow around the sensor for detection of flow blockages channel wall z induced currents y magnetic field x Sketch of the flowrate sensor planned model exp. using GaInSn Commercially available via company SAAS Ltd. Dresden Tested at: THESYS (KIT), WebExpir (SCK Mol), NACIE (ENEA), etc. J. Priede, D. Buchenau, G. Gerbeth: Contactless electromagnetic phase-shift flowmeter for liquid metals. Meas. Sci. Technol. 22, , Seite 13/29

14 Enhanced Feedback Effects Assembly burnup distribution wit and without modrating material Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

15 Enhanced Feedback Effects flux per unit lethargy (1/cm²/s) radiative capture corss section (barn) reference YH U-238 Pu-239 Pu Insertion of fine distributed moderating material: Hydrogen bearing metal compound Significant low energy tail formed in the spectrum Ideally located in the spacer wire ZrH or better YH for increased thermal stability neutron energy (ev) Merk, Weiß, Annals of Nuclear Energy 38,5, (2011), Merk, Weiß, Annals of Nuclear Energy 38,11 (2011) Merk, Fridman, Kliem, Weiß, Nuclear Sc. and Eng. 171 (2012) Seite 15/29

16 change reactivity effect [%] Optimization of Fast Reactor Safety for P&T feedback effects are an inherent safety mechanism in all nuclear reactors 250 Insertion of fine distributed moderating material enhances the negative Doppler effect Doppler effect Coolant effect Void effect reduces the positive sodium void effect reduces the positive coolant effect 100 insertion of transmutation materials damps the feedback effects 50 reference with mod. material with Am with Am + mod. compensation of effects caused by insertion of transmutation materials (Americium) improved transmutation efficiency due to higher possible loading Seite 16/29

17 rel. change in fuel temp. effect [%] rel. change in sodium void effect [%] Effect of Plutonium Loading BOL EOL BOL EOL Plutonium content [%] Plutonium content [%] Strong effect of Pu content on Doppler effect Nearly no effect on reduction of sodium void Effect of Pu content reduces during burnup breeding in low content vs. burning in high content Seite 17/29

18 Contribution to P&T Study Repository exploration site Gorleben Fast reactor Superphenix Reprocessing plant La Hague Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

19 Workpackage Status of Science and Technology Reactor systems for P&T with special view on the boundary conditions given by the phase out Overview on the status of science and technology in research and application Separation chemistry Safety aspects in partitioning accelerator technology and spallation targets transmutation fuels Basic physics and core design Reactor physics and simulation tools Safety approach for P&T systems Material concepts and key technologies for liquid metal systems Waste conditioning Existing irradiation facilities with fast spectrum Collection of open questions and technology gaps Development of a strategy to close the technology gaps Seite 19/29

20 Molten Salt Reactor for P&T EVOL Benachmark definition and layout sketch Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

21 Transmutation Optimized Configuration in Phase Out Scenario Idea born during P&T study Bypass special problems in transmutation optimized systems appearing in solid fuelled reactors Multi recycling Solid fuel production Degradation of feedback effects Avoiding of extensive transports Adaption of EVOL design for P&T Use of fertile free core composition Use of MOSART salt composition Application of deep burn phase Seite 21/29

22 number density [n/barn/cm] k Scenario for Germany Simulation of MSFR operation in transmuter mode followed by deep burn mode using HELIOS 1.10 and a PHYTON script transmuter operation deep burn end of operation transmuter operation deep burn end of operation k heavy metal content TRU content cycles [-] cycles [-] Average criticality over cycle k TRU and heavy metal content TRU content is over the whole operation below solubility limit of 3 at% at 600 C for the MOSART salt Seite 22/29

23 Calculation Results for Germany Operational results Thermal power 3000 MW available TRU 170 tons real TRU inserted (per reactor) tons operation time transmuter 44.9 years TRU burning rate (calc.) 42.5 kg/twh theoretical burning rate 42.3 kg/twh operation time deep burn 15.7 years over all operation time transmuter + deep burn 60.6 years TRU end of operation deep burn tons TRU burnt transmuter + deep burn 99.8 % Seite 23/29

24 Seite 24/29 Thank you for your attention

25 Nuclear Data Measurements at the photoneutron source nelbe Extending the scope of accurate nuclear data New Isotopes: Minor actinides, New coolants, structural materials New energy range: Fast neutrons New reactions: (in)elastic scattering, (n,tot), (n,fis) New neutron facilities: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dreden-Rossendorf operates the world s only photoneutron source at a superconducting electron accelerator: Seite 25/29

26 ECFM: Flowrate measurements TEC-FM: Transient eddy-current flow meter Measuring field: sitch-on switch-off eddy currents influenced by metal flow 3 measuring coils deliver flow velocity around the sensor calibration free! recent activity: Flow around the sensor for detection of flow blockages planned model experiment using GaInSn Seite 26/29

27 Calculation Flow using PYTHON Script Calculation flow for the calculation of a molten salt reactor with online salt cleanup using HELIOS 1.10 expert input re-distribution of materials pre-processor user input post-processor AURORA HELIOS ZENITH SKRIPT re-feeding material output isotopes converged only printed isotopes Intensive use of the power of the post processing tool ZENITH of the HELIOS package Seite 27/29