INTERDIFFUSION OF Au/Ni/Cr ON SILICON SUBSTRATE
|
|
- Annice Ryan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INTERDIFFUSION OF Au/Ni/Cr ON SILICON SUBSTRATE B. Yan, D. Lin, D. Mao To cite this version: B. Yan, D. Lin, D. Mao. INTERDIFFUSION OF Au/Ni/Cr ON SILICON SUBSTRATE. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1988, 49 (C5), pp.c5-631-c < /jphyscol: >. <jpa > HAL Id: jpa Submitted on 1 Jan 1988 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
2 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C5, supplbment au n010, Tome 49, octobre 1988 INTERDIFFUSION OF Au/Ni/Cr ON SILICON SUBSTRATE B. YAN, D. LIN and D. MA0 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai , China ABSTRACT By using surface resistance measurement and Auger Electron Spectroscopy, the interdiffusion behavior of Au/Ni/Cr metallization on silicon substrate was examined. Cr was proved to be an excellent diffusion barrier between Au and Si up to 450 C for a Cr layer of 500A thick which would avoid serious degradation of solderability and resistivity of the metallization. Ni was found much less effective as a diffusion barrier and therefore was mainly to improve the solderability. It was shown that silicon outdiffusion was dominant in the interdiffusion between gold overlayer and silicon substrate. It was attributed to the large grain boundary area and high defect density in the polycrystalline gold film. I. Introduction Au/Ni/Cr multilayer metallization is widely used in microelectronics for interconnections, such as bonding and soldering. Especially, it is used in silicon power devices in order to improve the thermal fatigue life. Interdiffusion of the Au/Ni/Cr metallization with silicon substrate is of great practical importance for it has both beneficial and harmful effects to the service properties of the metallization. Proper interdiffusion can improve the cohesivity among the thin films, whereas excessive interdiffusion will deteriorate the conductivity and solderability of the metallization. Cr is an ideal element to improve the adhesion to silicon and silicon dioxide, moreover, it has the thermal expansion coefficient very close to that of silicon, which is an important factor in thermal fatigue. Au has good solderability and is an extremely inert element to protect the metallization from being oxidized during storage. Ni is expected to suppress the interdiffusion between Au and Cr (1) and has good solderability as well. However the effectiveness of Ni as diffusion barrier has never been proved experimentally. There have been extensive work on the metallizations. In order to simplify the problem, most of the work were carried out on the multilayer thin films deposited on sapphire substrate or Si02 to avoid the interdiffusion between the metallization and the substrates, and the focus has mainly been on the interdiffusion within the metallizations. However, silicon outdiffusion through the metallization which is of great importance in the service properties is frequently ignored. The primary objective of this paper was to study the interdiffusion between the gold base metallization and the silicon suhstrate under various annealing temperatures by using the sheet resistivity measurement and Auger spectroscopy profiling technique. Therefore the effectiveness of Cr and Ni as diffusion barriers could be verified and the proper annealing temperature could be determined. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at
3 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE 11. Experimental Thin films used in this study were deposited on polished silicon substrates. Cr and Ni were deposited in a three-hearth EB evaporator without breaking the vacuum. The vacuum before evaporation was loe6 torr. Because of its limited availability, gold was evaporated seperately in the resistance-heated evaporator. The exposure time to the air between the two evaporations was kept as short as possible. The thicknesses of the films are listed in Table 1 measured by the stylus profilometer. After evaporation, the specimens were annealed in N2 at 250 C, 380 C, 450 C and 530 C respectively for 1 hr. Table 1 Film thicknesses of the specimens Thickness (A) c r I N i. I Au 2200 Sheet resistance measurement was carried out at the STZ-1 digital four-point probe. Detailed information of interdiffusion was obtained by using the Auger spectroscopy profiling technique on the PHI 610 Scanning Auger Spectroscope Results 1. Sheet resistances The measurements of the sheet resistance vs. annealing t.emperature for the three specimens are plotted in Fig.1. The sheet resistances of Au/Cr and Au/Ni in the as-deposited state are similar. If we assume that the gold layer has the main contribution to the electric conduction, the resistiviti-es calculated from the sheet resistances and film thicknesses of Au are 3.06 and 3.08 pn-cm respectively, which is slightly higher than the bulk resistivity (2.35 PO-cm) due to higher defect densities. The higher value of Au/Ni/Cr was probably the result of measurement scatter, it fell down to a lower value after annealing at 250 C for 1 hr. The sheet resistances increased with increasing temperature. At lower temperature, they increased rather slowly and then increased drasticall-y with the annealing temperature. For Au/Cr the turning point was at about 380 C, but for Au/Ni/Cr the drastic increase of the sheet resistance occurred atalower temperature, 250 C, and the resistances were much higher than that of the bilayer metallizations. Notably, Au/Ni showed lower resistances when annealed at 530 C for 1 hr. 2. Auger spectroscopy So The depth profiles were obtained by Auger spectroscopy. It was shown,,--.- *urn, that no significant interdiffusion was observed after annealing at 250 C for I,.. 1 hr which was in good agreement with the minor changes of the sheet resistances. :,, I I AUINI~CI,L I A~,',S, I. The composition distribution of as-deposited Au/Cr specimens and after #,,- annealing at 450 C and 530 C are given in Figure 2. Oxygen was found to exist in the Cr layer which was proved to be incorporated into t.he film during depo-.l _-=-*.' sition process. On annealing at 450 C,a,,."a 300.no 500 for 1 hr, Cr and O diffused to the outer rrrnverature rcl surface of the specimen. The ratio of Cr to 0 at the surface is 0.71, very Fig.1 Sheet resistances close to that of Cr203 (0.66). The outvs. annealing temperature diffusion of Cr observed in this study is in agreement with the previous re- I' I ' i i i / / / / / p;,.9,g+"
4 ports (2-4). It should be noted that although the concentration of the Cr layer became rather low,~20at%, very little interdiffusion took place between Au and Si, showing excellent behavior as diffusion barrier. Once the chromium-rich layer disappeared, e,g. at 530 C, interdiffusion between silicon and gold took place significantly. Figure 3 shows the depth profiles of BulNi. Notice that no oxygen existed in the Ni layer which was attributed to its lower tendency to oxidation. After annealing at 380 C, Ni layer diffused to both sides of the film as shown in Fig.3b. Contrary to Au/Cr, significant interdiffusion between Au and Si took place in spite of the existance of the Ni-rich layer with Ni concentration of -30at%. When the annealing temperature was raised to 450 C, Ni peak no longer existed. The composition profiles of Au/Ni/Cr specimens are given in Fig.4. Again, it confirms the existance of oxygen in the Cr layer. The interdiffusion behavior is almost the combination of Au/Cr and Au/Ni. It is interesting to note that Cr outdiffusion occurred at 250 C which was lower than that in the Au/Cr specimen, moreover, Cr layer also disappeared at a lower temperature, 450 C, instead of 530 C as in the Au/Cr specimen. IV. Discussion The present results clearly show the excellent property of Cr in suppressing the interdiffusion between Au and Si. As can be seen from Fig.Zb, Si had much less concentration in the Cr-rich layer than Au. This fact is also confirmed in the Au/Ni/Cr specimen shown in Fig.4b. It implies that Si has much lower diffusivity in the Cr layer than Au. However, after the diffusion barrier disappeared and the interdiffusion between Au and Si took place, Siconcentration in the Au layer was much higher than that of Au in silicon substrate as shown in Fig.4~. Since silicon and gold have negligible solubility between each other, the higher concentration of Si in the gold layer might be due to the higher defect density and large grain boundary area of the polycrystalline gold film, i.e. Si can be segregated at the crystal defects and grain boundaries, whereas no grain boundary exists in the silicon substrate resulting in the very low Au concentration. By the same reason, the diffuspvity of Si in the Au layer is higher than that of Au in Si substrate. In other words, silicon outdiffusion is dominant in the interdiffusion between Si and Au. Ni showed rather poor barrier behavior to the interdiffusion between Si and Au. As a matter of fact, Au has higher grain boundary diffusivity in,cr ( E=0.68eV(5)) than in Ni (E=2.6eV, estimated from its bulk value(6)). Since Au diffusion is not the controlling process, the poor barrier behavior shows a higher diffusivity of Si in Ni. More quantitative work is underway and will be reported elsewhere. It is observed that interdiffusion between the Au and Si is the dominating factor in t.he increase of the sheet resistivity. Surprisingly, the sheet resistance of Au/Ni specimens after annealing at 530 C decreased although significant interdiffusion between Au and Si occurred as shown in Fig.3~. The depth profile of Fig.3~ shows that even after high temperature annealing, the Au concentration at the surface I.ayer is still relatively high (-80at%). Our SEM observations of the surface morpholog,y, which will be published seperately, showed that many nickel silicide crystals surrounded by Au lumps were observed on the surface of the Au/Ni specimens. As the annealing temperature increased, the silicide grew and the surrounging Au lumps were more likely to be connected together so as to decrease the sheet resistance when four probe measurement was made. Contrary, in the Au/Cr and ~u/ni/cr specimens, due to the outdiffusion of Cr and the formation of chromium oxide at the surface, gold concentration at the surface layer was low (-50-60at%). The existance of the rather thick layer of chromium oxide (-3001) and the high Si concentration in the underneath layer contri.bute to, the- higher sheet resistance. It was.observ&d that the Au/Ni/Cr specimens showed higher interdiffusion than in the bilayer specimens. The chromium outdiffusion seemed to be enhanced in the three layer metallization. There are two possibilities First, the thickness of Cr layer in the triple layer specimen (2501) was less than that in the bilayer specimen (350ij.
5 C5-634 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Second, the outdiffusion of Cr through the Au layer might be enhanced by the existance of Ni as solute. The enhancing effect of Ni on the self diffusivity of Cr was reported by Askill(7). We think the solute enhancement in the present case is very likely. Further study is needed. V. Conclusions 1. Interdiffusion between Au and Si substrate causes significanz increase of sheet resistivi-ty and deteriorate the solderability. 2. Cr is not only.an adhesive layer to the silicon substrate, but also an ideal diffusion barrier for the interdiffusion between Si and Au. A Cr layer of 5001 thick can maintain its barrier property up to 450 C. 3. Silicon outdiff usion is dominant in the interdif fusion between gold overlayer and siiicon substrate. It is attributed to the large grain boundary area and high defect density in the polycrystall.in~ thin fiim. Therefore, a good diffusion barrier must have low Si diffusivity. 4. Ni can neither suppress the interdiffusion between Au and Si nor the outdiffusion of Cr as expected. References 1. J.R.Rairden, C.A.Neugebauer, and R.A.Sigsbee, Met. Trans. 2, 719, P.H.Holloway, Solid State Technology, Feb. 1980, p A.Munitz and Y.Komen, Thin Solid Films, 2, 177, L.S.Weinman, T.W.Orent, and T.S.Lin, Thin Solid Films, 72, 143, G.Elajni, G.Ottaviani and tl.prudenziati, Thin Solid Films, 38, 15, T.G.M.Van den Belt and J.H.W.de Wit, Thin Solid Films, 109, 1, J.Askj.11, Appl. Phys. Letters, 2, 82, 1966 Fig.2 Depth profiles of Fig.3. Depth profiles of Fj.g.4. Depth profiles of Au/Cr spec:imens Au/Ni specimens Au/Ni/Cr specimens
THERMAL PULSE ANNEALING OF TITANIUM AND TANTALUM SILICIDES
THERMAL PULSE ANNEALING OF TITANIUM AND TANTALUM SILICIDES P. Rosser, G. Tomkins To cite this version: P. Rosser, G. Tomkins. THERMAL PULSE ANNEALING OF TITANIUM AND TAN- TALUM SILICIDES. Journal de Physique
More informationHigh Purity Chromium Metal Oxygen Distribution (Determined by XPS and EPMA)
High Purity Chromium Metal Oxygen Distribution (Determined by XPS and EPMA) K. Suzuki, H. Tomioka To cite this version: K. Suzuki, H. Tomioka. High Purity Chromium Metal Oxygen Distribution (Determined
More informationATOM PROBE ANALYSIS OF β PRECIPITATION IN A MODEL IRON-BASED Fe-Ni-Al-Mo SUPERALLOY
ATOM PROBE ANALYSIS OF β PRECIPITATION IN A MODEL IRON-BASED Fe-Ni-Al-Mo SUPERALLOY M. Miller, M. Hetherington To cite this version: M. Miller, M. Hetherington. ATOM PROBE ANALYSIS OF β PRECIPITATION IN
More informationELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SILICON INTERFACES PREPARED BY DIRECT BONDING
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SILICON INTERFACES PREPARED BY DIRECT BONDING S. Bengtsson, O. Engström To cite this version: S. Bengtsson, O. Engström. ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SILICON INTERFACES PRE- PARED
More informationGrain growth and Ostwald ripening in chromia-doped uranium dioxide
Grain growth and Ostwald ripening in chromia-doped uranium dioxide V. Peres, L. Bourgeois, P. Dehaudt To cite this version: V. Peres, L. Bourgeois, P. Dehaudt. Grain growth and Ostwald ripening in chromia-doped
More informationAPFIM AND FEM STUDY OF Mo-La ALLOY WIRE
APFIM AND FEM STUDY OF Mo-La ALLOY WIRE Zhao-Xiang Zhang, Jin-Tang Jiao, De-Qing Hu To cite this version: Zhao-Xiang Zhang, Jin-Tang Jiao, De-Qing Hu. APFIM AND FEM STUDY OF Mo- La ALLOY WIRE. Journal
More informationEffect of the Hydrogen Induced Degradation of Steel on the Internal Friction Spectra
Effect of the Hydrogen Induced Degradation of Steel on the Internal Friction Spectra E. Lunarska, Y. Ososkov, Y. Jagodzinski To cite this version: E. Lunarska, Y. Ososkov, Y. Jagodzinski. Effect of the
More informationATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS OF ZIRCALOY
ATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS OF ZIRCALOY H. Andren, L. Mattsson, U. Rolander To cite this version: H. Andren, L. Mattsson, U. Rolander. ATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS OF ZIRCALOY. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1986, 47 (C2),
More informationHeat line formation during roll-casting of aluminium alloys at thin gauges
Heat line formation during roll-casting of aluminium alloys at thin gauges M. Yun, J. Hunt, D. Edmonds To cite this version: M. Yun, J. Hunt, D. Edmonds. Heat line formation during roll-casting of aluminium
More informationPHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN a-si : H AND a-sixc1-x : H, CORRELATION WITH PHOTOLUMINESCENCE RESULTS
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN a-si : H AND a-sixc1-x : H, CORRELATION WITH PHOTOLUMINESCENCE RESULTS D. Caffier, M. Le Contellec, J. Richard To cite this version: D. Caffier, M. Le Contellec, J. Richard. PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
More informationDISLOCATION RELAXATION IN HIGH PURITY POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM AT MEGAHERTZ FREQUENCIES
DISLOCATION RELAXATION IN HIGH PURITY POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM AT MEGAHERTZ FREQUENCIES M. Zein To cite this version: M. Zein. DISLOCATION RELAXATION IN HIGH PURITY POLYCRYSTALLINE ALU- MINUM AT MEGAHERTZ
More informationELLIPSOMETRY OF NICKEL-OXIDES AND -HYDROXIDES IN ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE
ELLPSOMETRY OF NCKEL-OXDES AND -HYDROXDES N ALKALNE ELECTROLYTE W. Visscher To cite this version: W. Visscher. ELLPSOMETRY OF NCKEL-OXDES AND -HYDROXDES N ALKA- LNE ELECTROLYTE. Journal de Physique Colloques,
More informationEffects of temperature on monotonic and fatigue properties of carbon fibre epoxy cross ply laminates
Effects of temperature on monotonic and fatigue properties of carbon fibre epoxy cross ply laminates Y. Matsuhisa, J. King To cite this version: Y. Matsuhisa, J. King. Effects of temperature on monotonic
More informationPressure effects on the solubility and crystal growth of α-quartz
Pressure effects on the solubility and crystal growth of α-quartz F. Lafon, G. Demazeau To cite this version: F. Lafon, G. Demazeau. Pressure effects on the solubility and crystal growth of α-quartz. Journal
More informationCHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF IR-TRANSMITTING ZINC SULPHIDE
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF IR-TRANSMITTING ZINC SULPHIDE Ph. Braudeau, G. Keller, J. Torre To cite this version: Ph. Braudeau, G. Keller, J. Torre. CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF IR- TRANSMITTING ZINC
More informationElectrical properties of interlevel deposited oxides related to polysilicon preparation
Electrical properties of interlevel deposited oxides related to polysilicon preparation C. Cobianu, O. Popa, D. Dascalu To cite this version: C. Cobianu, O. Popa, D. Dascalu. Electrical properties of interlevel
More informationHYDROGEN SEGREGATION AND DIFFUSION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES
HYDROGEN SEGREGATION AND DIFFUSION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES H. Birnbaum, B. Ladna, A. Kimura To cite this version: H. Birnbaum, B. Ladna, A. Kimura. HYDROGEN SEGREGATION AND DIFFUSION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES. Journal
More informationLaser cladding of copper base alloys onto Al Si7 Mg0.3
Laser cladding of copper base alloys onto Al Si7 Mg0.3 L. Poire, E. Blank To cite this version: L. Poire, E. Blank. Laser cladding of copper base alloys onto Al Si7 Mg0.3. Journal de Physique IV Colloque,
More informationCVD COATING OF CERAMIC LAYERS ON CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS
CVD COATING OF CERAMIC LAYERS ON CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS R. Porat To cite this version: R. Porat. CVD COATING OF CERAMIC LAYERS ON CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS. Journal de Physique IV Colloque,
More informationStructure/property relationships in HSLA steel with low carbon and manganese and increased silicon content
Structure/property relationships in HSLA steel with low carbon and manganese and increased silicon content A. Köthe, J. Richter, A. Güth, B. Müsgen, H. Baumgardt To cite this version: A. Köthe, J. Richter,
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON BY EBIC
CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON BY EBIC M. Kittler, J. Lärz, G. Morgenstern, W. Seifert To cite this version: M. Kittler, J. Lärz, G. Morgenstern, W. Seifert. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYS-
More informationPhysical properties of epoxy and free volume evaluated by positron annihilation spectroscopy
Physical properties of epoxy and free volume evaluated by positron annihilation spectroscopy T. Okada, S. Nishijima, Y. Honda, Y. Kobayashi To cite this version: T. Okada, S. Nishijima, Y. Honda, Y. Kobayashi.
More informationKPY 12 - A PRESSURE TRANSDUCER SUITABLE FOR LOW TEMPERATURE USE
KPY 12 - A PRESSURE TRANSDUCER SUITABLE FOR LOW TEMPERATURE USE F. Breimesser, L. Intichar, M. Poppinger, C. Schnapper To cite this version: F. Breimesser, L. Intichar, M. Poppinger, C. Schnapper. KPY
More informationEPITAXIAL GROWTH AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SAMARIUM CRYSTALS ON TUNGSTEN
EPITAXIAL GROWTH AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SAMARIUM CRYSTALS ON TUNGSTEN A. Ciszewski, A. Melmed To cite this version: A. Ciszewski, A. Melmed. EPITAXIAL GROWTH AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SAMAR- IUM CRYSTALS
More informationSTRUCTURAL RELAXATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF FeB AND NiP METALLIC GLASSES FOLLOWED BY INTERNAL FRICTION AND MODULUS MEASUREMENTS
STRUCTURAL RELAXATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF FeB AND NiP METALLIC GLASSES FOLLOWED BY INTERNAL FRICTION AND MODULUS MEASUREMENTS S. Kiss, G. Posgay, I. Harangozó, F. Kedves To cite this version: S. Kiss,
More informationSimulation of Dislocation Dynamics in FCC Metals
Simulation of Dislocation Dynamics in FCC Metals Y. Kogure, T. Kosugi To cite this version: Y. Kogure, T. Kosugi. Simulation of Dislocation Dynamics in FCC Metals. Journal de Physique IV Colloque, 1996,
More informationComputerized simulation of thermal behaviour during forging sequences
Computerized simulation of thermal behaviour during forging sequences S. Hollard, J.-L. Noyes To cite this version: S. Hollard, J.-L. Noyes. Computerized simulation of thermal behaviour during forging
More informationTHE INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERNS FROM Ni-Al MARTENSITE
THE INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERNS FROM Ni-Al MARTENSITE M. Chandrasekaran, L. Delaey To cite this version: M. Chandrasekaran, L. Delaey. THE INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PAT-
More informationDIFFICULTIES IN GRAIN REFINING ALUMINUM LITHIUM ALLOYS USING COMMERCIAL Al-Ti AND Al-Ti-Bor MASTER ALLOYS
DIFFICULTIES IN GRAIN REFINING ALUMINUM LITHIUM ALLOYS USING COMMERCIAL Al-Ti AND Al-Ti-Bor MASTER ALLOYS L. Labarre, R. James, J. Witters, R. O Malley, M. Emptage To cite this version: L. Labarre, R.
More informationFatigue of High Purity Copper Wire
Fatigue of High Purity Copper Wire N. Tanabe, A. Kurosaka, K. Suzuki, O. Kohno To cite this version: N. Tanabe, A. Kurosaka, K. Suzuki, O. Kohno. Fatigue of High Purity Copper Wire. Journal de Physique
More informationNon destructive observation by X-ray diffraction on a berlinite crystal
Non destructive observation by X-ray diffraction on a berlinite crystal H. Merigoux, J. Darces To cite this version: H. Merigoux, J. Darces. Non destructive observation by X-ray diffraction on a berlinite
More informationPrecipitation mechanisms and subsequent hardening kinetics in the β-cez alloy
Precipitation mechanisms and subsequent hardening kinetics in the β-cez alloy Y. Combres, J. Bechet, A. Vassel To cite this version: Y. Combres, J. Bechet, A. Vassel. Precipitation mechanisms and subsequent
More informationBonding of aluminium matrix composites for application in the transport industry
Bonding of aluminium matrix composites for application in the transport industry A. Ureña, J.M. Gómez de Salazar To cite this version: A. Ureña, J.M. Gómez de Salazar. Bonding of aluminium matrix composites
More informationTime decay of the excited states of Eu+2 in europium-doped LMA
Time decay of the excited states of Eu+2 in europiumdoped LMA E. Luria, S. Rotman To cite this version: E. Luria, S. Rotman. Time decay of the excited states of Eu+2 in europiumdoped LMA. Journal de Physique
More informationSURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE ATTENUATION IN THIN FERROMAGNETIC FILMS
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE ATTENUATION IN THIN FERROMAGNETIC FILMS R. Wiegert, H. Yoshida, Keun-Jen Sun, M. Levy, H. Salvo, Jr Mcavoy, B. Mcavoy To cite this version: R. Wiegert, H. Yoshida, Keun-Jen Sun, M.
More informationSTRAIN RATE DEPENDENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SOME COMMERCIAL ALUMINUM ALLOYS
RATE DEPENDENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SOME COMMERCIAL ALUMINUM ALLOYS K. Higashi, T. Mukai, K. Kaizu, S. Tsuchida, S. Tanimura To cite this version: K. Higashi, T. Mukai, K. Kaizu, S. Tsuchida, S.
More informationNANOINDENTATION-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN SILICON
NANOINDENTATION-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN SILICON R. Rao, J.-E. Bradby, J.-S. Williams To cite this version: R. Rao, J.-E. Bradby, J.-S. Williams. NANOINDENTATION-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMA- TION IN
More informationHIGH DAMPING IN GREY CAST IRON
HIGH DAMPING IN GREY CAST IRON P. Millet, R. Schaller, W. Benoit To cite this version: P. Millet, R. Schaller, W. Benoit. HIGH DAMPING IN GREY CAST IRON. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1985, 46 (C10),
More informationThe Effect of Nitrogen on Martensite Formation in a Cr-Mn-Ni Stainless Steel
The Effect of Nitrogen on Martensite Formation in a Cr-Mn-Ni Stainless Steel T. Biggs, R. Knutsen To cite this version: T. Biggs, R. Knutsen. The Effect of Nitrogen on Martensite Formation in a Cr-Mn-
More informationDrum- and -Disc-Engine with Shape Memory Wires
Drum- and -Disc-Engine with Shape Memory Wires F.-U. Glasauer, I. Müller To cite this version: F.-U. Glasauer, I. Müller. Drum- and -Disc-Engine with Shape Memory Wires. Journal de Physique IV Colloque,
More informationSelecting the components of composites
Selecting the components of composites M. Ashby To cite this version: M. Ashby. Selecting the components of composites. Journal de Physique IV Colloque, 1993, 03 (C7), pp.c7-1595-c7-1600. .
More informationMECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A NiTi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A NiTi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY G. Airoldi, T. Ranucci, G. Riva To cite this version: G. Airoldi, T. Ranucci, G. Riva. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A NiTi SHAPE
More informationPowder metallurgical processing of a SiC particle reinforced Al-6wt.%Fe alloy
Powder metallurgical processing of a SiC particle reinforced Al-6wt.%Fe alloy G. Staniek, F. Lehnert, M. Peters, W. Bunk, W. Kaysser To cite this version: G. Staniek, F. Lehnert, M. Peters, W. Bunk, W.
More informationCVD CARBONYL THIN FILMS OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM AND THEIR SILICIDES - A GOOD ALTERNATIVE TO CVD FLUORIDE TUNGSTEN TECHNOLOGY
CVD CARBONYL THIN FILMS OF TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM AND THEIR SILICIDES - A GOOD ALTERNATIVE TO CVD FLUORIDE TUNGSTEN TECHNOLOGY K. Gesheva, V. Abrosimova, G. Beshkov To cite this version: K. Gesheva, V.
More informationDensification superficielle de matériaux poreux par choc laser
Densification superficielle de matériaux poreux par choc laser D. Zagouri, J.-P. Romain, Blanche Dubrujeaud, Michel Jeandin To cite this version: D. Zagouri, J.-P. Romain, Blanche Dubrujeaud, Michel Jeandin.
More informationPROPERTIES OF Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si (-Co) SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
PROPERTIES OF Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si (-Co) SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Y. Moriya, H. Kimura, S. Ishizaki, S. Hashizume, S. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, T. Sampei To cite this version: Y. Moriya, H. Kimura, S. Ishizaki, S. Hashizume,
More informationDuctility of Ultra High Purity Copper
Ductility of Ultra High Purity Copper S. Fujiwara, K. Abiko To cite this version: S. Fujiwara, K. Abiko. Ductility of Ultra High Purity Copper. Journal de Physique IV Colloque, 1995, 05 (C7), pp.c7-295-c7-300.
More informationImpact of cutting fluids on surface topography and integrity in flat grinding
Impact of cutting fluids on surface topography and integrity in flat grinding Ferdinando Salvatore, Hedi Hamdi To cite this version: Ferdinando Salvatore, Hedi Hamdi. Impact of cutting fluids on surface
More informationStabilization of Austenite Associated with Prior Formation of Martensite
Stabilization of Austenite Associated with Prior Formation of Martensite Z. Xie, Yehan Liu, H. Hänninen To cite this version: Z. Xie, Yehan Liu, H. Hänninen. Stabilization of Austenite Associated with
More informationSilicon carbonitrides - A novel class of materials
Silicon carbonitrides - A novel class of materials H. Schönfelder, F. Aldinger, R. Riedel To cite this version: H. Schönfelder, F. Aldinger, R. Riedel. Silicon carbonitrides - A novel class of materials.
More informationProgress of some techniques on electromagnetic metallurgy
Progress of some techniques on electromagnetic metallurgy Engang Wang To cite this version: Engang Wang. Progress of some techniques on electromagnetic metallurgy. 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SILICA ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MnZn FERRITES
THE EFFECT OF SILICA ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MnZn FERRITES A. Giles, F. Westendorp To cite this version: A. Giles, F. Westendorp. THE EFFECT OF SILICA ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MnZn FERRITES. Journal de
More informationLASER PROCESSING OF METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE MULTILAYERS
LASER PROCESSING OF METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE MULTILAYERS A. Schüssler, K.-H. Zum Gahr To cite this version: A. SchÜssler, K.-H. Zum Gahr. LASER PROCESSING OF METAL-CERAMIC COMPOS- ITE MULTILAYERS. Journal
More informationSPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES AND OPERATION OF PULSED HOLMIUM LASER
SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES AND OPERATION OF PULSED HOLMIUM LASER Y. Kalisky, J. Kagan, A. Brenier, C. Pedrini, G. Boulon To cite this version: Y. Kalisky, J. Kagan, A. Brenier, C. Pedrini, G. Boulon. SPECTROSCOPIC
More informationCMOS 1 MICRON ISOLATION TECHNOLOGY USING INTERFACE SEALING BY PLASMA NITRIDATION : PLASMA SILO
CMOS 1 MICRON ISOLATION TECHNOLOGY USING INTERFACE SEALING BY PLASMA NITRIDATION : PLASMA SILO P. Delpech, B. Vuillermoz, M. Berenguer, A. Straboni, T. Ternisien To cite this version: P. Delpech, B. Vuillermoz,
More informationLarge area silicon epitaxy using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering deposition
Large area silicon epitaxy using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering deposition Pascale Plantin, Fatiha Challali, Olivier Carriot, Frédéric Lainat, Michel Ancilotti, Gérard Gadot, Pascal Brault To cite this
More informationCASTABILITY OF Al-Li-Mg AND Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOYS
CASTABILITY OF Al-Li-Mg AND Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOYS C. Tong, L. Yao, C. Nieh, C. Chang, S. Hsu To cite this version: C. Tong, L. Yao, C. Nieh, C. Chang, S. Hsu. CASTABILITY OF Al-Li-Mg AND Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOYS.
More informationSecondary recrystallization of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic alloys
Secondary recrystallization of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic alloys H. Regle, A. Alamo To cite this version: H. Regle, A. Alamo. Secondary recrystallization of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic
More informationThe Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Anodizing Behaviour
The Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Anodizing Behaviour T Kozuka, H Honda, S Fukuda, M Kawahara To cite this version: T Kozuka, H Honda, S Fukuda, M Kawahara. The Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Anodizing
More informationTHE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE IN LOW ALLOY STEELS
THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE IN LOW ALLOY STEELS K. Tatsumi, N. Okumura, M. Yamamoto To cite this version: K. Tatsumi, N. Okumura, M. Yamamoto. THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON INTERGRANULAR
More informationLONG-RANGE ICOSOHEDRAL SYMMETRY IN A METALLIC PHASE OBSERVED BY FIELD ION MICROSCOPY
LONG-RANGE ICOSOHEDRAL SYMMETRY IN A METALLIC PHASE OBSERVED BY FIELD ION MICROSCOPY A. Melmed, R. Klein To cite this version: A. Melmed, R. Klein. LONG-RANGE ICOSOHEDRAL SYMMETRY IN A METALLIC PHASE OBSERVED
More informationReal-Time Control of Resonance in Smart Shape-Memory Alloy Hybrid Laminates
Real-Time Control of Resonance in Smart Shape-Memory Alloy Hybrid Laminates C. Friend, P. Armstrong To cite this version: C. Friend, P. Armstrong. Real-Time Control of Resonance in Smart Shape-Memory Alloy
More informationEvolution of the porous volume during the aerogel-glass transformation
Evolution of the porous volume during the aerogel-glass transformation T. Woignier, J. Quinson, M. Pauthe, M. Repellin-Lacroix, J. Phalippou To cite this version: T. Woignier, J. Quinson, M. Pauthe, M.
More informationSTRUCTURES OF AMORPHOUS MATERIALS AND SPECIFIC VOLUME VARIATIONS VERSUS THE TEMPERATURE
STRUCTURES OF AMORPHOUS MATERIALS AND SPECIFIC VOLUME VARIATIONS VERSUS THE TEMPERATURE J. Sadoc, R. Mosseri To cite this version: J. Sadoc, R. Mosseri. STRUCTURES OF AMORPHOUS MATERIALS AND SPECIFIC VOLUME
More informationNon-Platinum metal oxide nano particles and nano clusters as oxygen reduction catalysts in fuel cells.
Non-Platinum metal oxide nano particles and nano clusters as oxygen reduction catalysts in fuel cells. Louis Cindrella, Robert Jeyachandran To cite this version: Louis Cindrella, Robert Jeyachandran. Non-Platinum
More informationBRIDGMAN GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF LuAlO3-Nd3+ LASER CRYSTALS
BRIDGMAN GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF LuAlO3-Nd3+ LASER CRYSTALS A. Petrosyan To cite this version: A. Petrosyan. BRIDGMAN GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF LuAlO3-Nd3+ LASER CRYSTALS. Journal de Physique IV Colloque,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF SULFUR EFFECT ON THE PLANE AND ON THE EXTRINSIC DISLOCATIONS OF A Σ = 3 GRAIN BOUNDARY IN NICKEL
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF SULFUR EFFECT ON THE PLANE AND ON THE EXTRINSIC DISLOCATIONS OF A Σ = 3 GRAIN BOUNDARY IN NICKEL D. Bouchet, B. Aufray, L. Priester To cite this version: D. Bouchet, B. Aufray,
More informationOccupational accidents in Belgian industry in restructuring contexts
Occupational accidents in Belgian industry in restructuring contexts Cédric Lomba To cite this version: Cédric Lomba. Occupational accidents in Belgian industry in restructuring contexts. What precariousness
More informationPOSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF LASER SURFACE ALLOYING BY MELTING OF PREDEPOSITED LAYERS
POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF LASER SURFACE ALLOYING BY MELTING OF PREDEPOSITED LAYERS J. Pelletier, A. Issa, F. Fouquet To cite this version: J. Pelletier, A. Issa, F. Fouquet. POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
More informationA new method of making metal matrix fibre reinforced materials
A new method of making metal matrix fibre reinforced materials J. Schaupp, R. Prümmer To cite this version: J. Schaupp, R. Prümmer. A new method of making metal matrix fibre reinforced materials. Journal
More informationOn the relation between the Luders deformation and grain boundary structure in aluminium alloy
On the relation between the Luders deformation and grain boundary structure in aluminium alloy Yu. B. Timoshenko To cite this version: Yu. B. Timoshenko. On the relation between the Luders deformation
More informationThe Effects of Reactive Elements on the Oxidation of Alumina-Forming Iron-Chromium-Aluminium Alloys at High Temperature
The Effects of Reactive Elements on the Oxidation of Alumina-Forming Iron-Chromium-Aluminium Alloys at High Temperature J. Deakin, V. Prunier, G. Wood, F. Stott To cite this version: J. Deakin, V. Prunier,
More informationTHE SNOEK-KÊ-KOSTER PEAK IN Fe-P ALLOYS
THE SNOEK-KÊ-KOSTER PEAK IN Fe-P ALLOYS J. Ji, Z. Zhao, L. He, D. Geng To cite this version: J. Ji, Z. Zhao, L. He, D. Geng. THE SNOEK-KÊ-KOSTER PEAK IN Fe-P ALLOYS. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1985,
More informationEffect of grain orientation on the development of dislocation substructures during colddeformation
Effect of grain orientation on the development of dislocation substructures during cold-deformation of pure Tantalum. Link with static recrystallization and recovery. Christophe Kerisit, Nathalie Bozzolo,
More informationGrowth kinetics of copper thin films in different MOCVD systems
Growth kinetics of copper thin films in different MOCVD systems T. Gerfin, M. Becht, K.-H. Dahmen To cite this version: T. Gerfin, M. Becht, K.-H. Dahmen. Growth kinetics of copper thin films in different
More informationCr3+-SENSITIZATION OF THE 3µm Er3+: YAG LASER
Cr3+SENSITIZATION OF THE 3µm Er3+: YAG LASER R. Gross, G. Huber, B. Struve, E. Duczinski To cite this version: R. Gross, G. Huber, B. Struve, E. Duczinski. Cr3+SENSITIZATION OF THE 3µm Er3+: YAG LASER.
More informationStructure and composition of MCrAlY coatings modified by Al additions
Structure and composition of MCrAlY coatings modified by Al additions F. Brossa, D. D Angelo, E. Gandini To cite this version: F. Brossa, D. D Angelo, E. Gandini. Structure and composition of MCrAlY coatings
More informationEFFECT OF DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE ON PLASMA GROWN ALUMINUM OXIDE FILMS
EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE ON PLASMA GROWN ALUMINUM OXIDE FILMS C. Bourreau, Y. Catherine To cite this version: C. Bourreau, Y. Catherine. EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE ON PLASMA GROWN ALUMINUM
More informationAtom-probe study Ti Al based alloy
Atom-probe study Ti Al based alloy A. Huguet, A. Menand, A. Denquin, S. Naka To cite this version: A. Huguet, A. Menand, A. Denquin, S. Naka. Atom-probe study Ti Al based alloy. Journal de Physique IV
More informationLOW CARBON AND SILICON STEEL QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS
LOW CARBON AND SILICON STEEL QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS H. Fukuma, N. Kumagai, Y. Takeuchi, K. Endo, M. Komatsubara To cite this version: H. Fukuma, N. Kumagai, Y. Takeuchi, K. Endo, M. Komatsubara. LOW CARBON
More informationMagnetic anisotropy in iron thin films evaporated under ultra-high vacuum
Magnetic anisotropy in iron thin films evaporated under ultra-high vacuum J. Dinhut, J. Eymery, R. Krishnan To cite this version: J. Dinhut, J. Eymery, R. Krishnan. Magnetic anisotropy in iron thin films
More informationLASER CLADDING BY POWDER INJECTION : OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS
LASER CLADDING BY POWDER INJECTION : OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS M. Sahour, A. Vannes, J. Pelletier To cite this version: M. Sahour, A. Vannes, J. Pelletier. LASER CLADDING BY POWDER INJECTION
More informationThe microstructure evolution of Fe-Si alloys solidified in a high static magnetic field
The microstructure evolution of Fe-Si alloys solidified in a high static magnetic field Chunmei Liu, Yunbo Zhong, Tianxiang Zheng, Weili Ren, Zuosheng Lei, Zhongming Ren To cite this version: Chunmei Liu,
More informationComparison of lead concentration in surface soil by induced coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence
Comparison of lead concentration in surface soil by induced coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence Roseline Bonnard, Olivier Bour To cite this version: Roseline Bonnard, Olivier
More informationFATIGUE AND CORROSION FATIGUE OF 8090 Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOY
FTIGUE ND CORROSION FTIGUE OF 8090 l-li-cu-mg LLOY F. Haddleton, S. Murphy, T. Griffin To cite this version: F. Haddleton, S. Murphy, T. Griffin. FTIGUE ND CORROSION FTIGUE OF 8090 l-li-cu-mg LLOY. Journal
More informationK Vinodhini, K Srinivasan
Morphological Changes of α-lactose Monohydrate (α-lm) Single Crystals under Different Crystallization Conditions Using Polar Protic and Aprotic Solvents K Vinodhini, K Srinivasan To cite this version:
More informationELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF SMALL GOLD CLUSTERS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF SMALL GOLD CLUSTERS K. Mihama, N. Tanaka, A. Ichimiya To cite this version: K. Mihama, N. Tanaka, A. Ichimiya. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF SMALL GOLD CLUSTERS.
More informationCarbon-free sliding interface in sol-gel processed SiC Nicalon fiber-refractory oxyde matrix composites
Carbon-free sliding interface in sol-gel processed SiC Nicalon fiber-refractory oxyde matrix composites E. Bruneton, Ph. Colomban, D. Michel To cite this version: E. Bruneton, Ph. Colomban, D. Michel.
More informationAtomic structure of vitreous interfacial films in sialon
Atomic structure of vitreous interfacial films in sialon A. Thorel, J. Laval, Daniel Broussaud To cite this version: A. Thorel, J. Laval, Daniel Broussaud. Atomic structure of vitreous interfacial films
More informationCollusion through price ceilings? In search of a focal-point effect
Collusion through price ceilings? In search of a focal-point effect Dirk Engelmann, Wieland Müllerz To cite this version: Dirk Engelmann, Wieland Müllerz. Collusion through price ceilings? In search of
More informationStructural, Optical, Morphological and Elemental Analysis on Sol-gel Synthesis of Ni Doped TiO2 Nanocrystallites
Structural, Optical, Morphological and Elemental Analysis on Sol-gel Synthesis of Ni Doped TiO2 Nanocrystallites T Sakthivel, K Jagannathan To cite this version: T Sakthivel, K Jagannathan. Structural,
More informationMechanism of two Way Shape Memory Effect Obtained by Stabilised Stress Induced Martensite
Mechanism of two Way Shape Memory Effect Obtained by Stabilised Stress Induced Martensite J. Guilemany, J. Fernández To cite this version: J. Guilemany, J. Fernández. Mechanism of two Way Shape Memory
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF FERRITE ELECTRODES
CHARACTERISTICS OF FERRITE ELECTRODES S. Wakabayashi, T. Aoki To cite this version: S. Wakabayashi, T. Aoki. CHARACTERISTICS OF FERRITE ELECTRODES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1977, 38 (C1), pp.c1-241-c1-244.
More informationREACTION KINETICS OF MoSi2 SILICIDE OBTAINED BY cw LASER ANNEALING OF Si (a) AND Sipoly/Mo BILAYERS
REACTION KINETICS OF MoSi2 SILICIDE OBTAINED BY cw LASER ANNEALING OF Si (a) AND Sipoly/Mo BILAYERS J. Torres, G. Bomchil, Y. Pauleau, Ph. Lami, G. Auvert To cite this version: J. Torres, G. Bomchil, Y.
More informationInteraction between mechanosorptive and viscoelastic response of wood at high humidity level
Interaction between mechanosorptive and viscoelastic response of wood at high humidity level Cédric Montero, Joseph Gril, Bruno Clair To cite this version: Cédric Montero, Joseph Gril, Bruno Clair. Interaction
More informationPrediction of the energy efficiency of an Ar-H2-O2 plasma torch with Ansys Fluent
Prediction of the energy efficiency of an Ar-H2-O2 plasma torch with Ansys Fluent M Vadon, Y Delannoy, G Chichignoud To cite this version: M Vadon, Y Delannoy, G Chichignoud. Prediction of the energy efficiency
More informationStrain hardening of aluminium alloy 3004 in the deep drawing and ironing processes
Strain hardening of aluminium alloy 3004 in the deep drawing and ironing processes J. Courbon, J. Duval To cite this version: J. Courbon, J. Duval. Strain hardening of aluminium alloy 3004 in the deep
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF AN ORDERED HEXAGONAL BeFe PHASE
IDENTIFICATION OF AN ORDERED HEXAGONAL BeFe PHASE M. Miller, M. Burke To cite this version: M. Miller, M. Burke. IDENTIFICATION OF AN ORDERED HEXAGONAL BeFe PHASE. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1988,
More informationATOM PROBE STUDY OF A Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al ALLOY : PRELIMINARY RESULTS
ATOM PROBE STUDY OF A Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al ALLOY : PRELIMINARY RESULTS L. Hadjadj, A. Menand, C. Martin To cite this version: L. Hadjadj, A. Menand, C. Martin. ATOM PROBE STUDY OF A Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al ALLOY : PRELIMINARY
More informationEFFECT OF STRESS AND STRAIN ON MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN A Fe-Ni-Mo-C ALLOY WITH A HIGH Ms TEMPERATURE
EFFECT OF STRESS AND STRAIN ON MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN A Fe-Ni-Mo-C ALLOY WITH A HIGH Ms TEMPERATURE E. Gautier, A. Simon, G. Collette, G. Beck To cite this version: E. Gautier, A. Simon, G. Collette,
More information