Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties 1- Load 2- Deformation 3- Stress 4- Strain 5- Elastic behavior
|
|
- Vivien Horton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ( ) -5 ( ) ( ) Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties 1- Load 2- Deformation 3- Stress 4- Strain 5- Elastic behavior 6- Plastic behavior 7- Uniaxial tensile load 8- Bi-axial tensile load 9- Hydrostatic compression 10- Tension test 11- Fracture 12- Modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) Chapter 7-1 Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties Stiffness 14- Hooke's law 15-Shear modulus 16- Poisson's ratio 17- Yield Strength (YS) 18- Tensile Strength (TS) 19- Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) 20- Ductility 21-Toughness 22- Hardness 23- Safety factor Chapter 7-2 1
2 Common States of Stress Chapter 7-5 Common States of Stress Cable Simple tension Pressurized tank Bi-axial tension Ski lift Drive shaft Torsion (a form of shear) Chapter 7-6 2
3 Simple compression: Common States of Stress Canyon Bridge, Los Alamos, NM Balanced Rock, Arches National Park Hydrostatic compression Fish under water Chapter 7-7 Mechanical Properties Mechanical behavior: Response of a material to an applied force, e.g. deformation, Structural engineer: Determine stresses and stress distributions within members that are subjected to loads Materials and metallurgical engineer: Produce and fabricate materials to meet service requirements as predicted by these stress analyses Factors to be considered: Nature of the applied load: tensile, compressive, shear, constant with time or may fluctuate continuously Duration: a fraction of a second to many years Environmental conditions Service temperature Chapter 7-8 3
4 Mechanical Properties Concern to consumers, producers, research organizations, government agencies, Need to have consistency in testing and interpretation of their results Standardized testing techniques Professional societies such as ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials- in the US Need carefully designed laboratory experiments that replicate as nearly as possible the service conditions. Chapter 7-9 Tension Test Typical tensile specimen extensometer specimen Circular or rectangular cross section specimens Uniaxial tensile load along the long axis of a specimen Typical tensile test machine Gradual increasing of the load until fracture Chapter
5 Chapter 7-11 Elastic Deformation 1. Initial 2. Small load 3. Unload bonds stretch δ F Elastic means reversible! F δ return to initial Linearelastic Non-Linearelastic Chapter
6 Plastic Deformation (Metals) 1. Initial 2. Small load 3. Larger load bonds bonds stretch stretch & planes shear 4. Unload planes still sheared F δ F δ F Elastic + Plastic δ plastic linear elastic δ Plastic linear elastic δ Plastic = Permanent! Chapter 7-13 Engineering Stress and Strain Output: a force (F) versus elongation (δ) curve F required for a given δ depends on the cross section area (A 0 ) of the specimen Load and elongation are normalized to engineering stress and engineering strain F linear elastic linear elastic δ Plastic F = the instantaneous load applied perpendicular to the specimen cross section (N, lbf, ) A 0 = the original cross-sectional area before any load is applied (m 2, in. 2, ) l 0 = the original length before any load is applied l i = the instantaneous length δ Chapter
7 Tensile stress, σ: Engineering Stress and Strain F Area, A o Stress has units: N/m 2 or lb f /in 2 F Strain is unitless: m/m or in/in and sometimes as % σ = F = A o m 2 original area before loading N lb or f in 2 Chapter 7-15 Compression Test Is less common than tension test Is conducted in a similar manner to the tensile test The force is compressive The specimen contracts along the direction of the stress A compressive stress is taken to be negative by convention Compressive strains computed are also negative. Chapter
8 Chapter 7-17 Shear Test τ = Shear stress F = the force imposed parallel to the upper and lower faces Shear strain (γ)= the tangent of the strain angle θ θ x y 90º Shear strain: γ = x/y = tan θ Chapter
9 Linear Elastic Properties Hooke's Law: σ = E ε E : Slope of the linear segment : Modulus of Elasticity, Young's Modulus E = Stiffness: Material s resistance to elastic deformation The greater the E, the smaller the elastic strain that results from the application of a given stress. E is important in computing elastic deflections Compression F F _ σ _ Linear/ Elastic + E Tension + ε F F Chapter 7-21 Linear Elastic Properties E depends on bond strength of metal Chapter
10 Linear Elastic Properties The elastic strain = stretching of interatomic bonds E = a measure of interatomic bonding forces E for Polymers = about to 4 Gpa E for metals = 45 GPa (for Mg) and 407 Gpa (for W) E for ceramics = about 70 and 500 GPa G = the shear modulus G = the slope of the linear elastic region of the shear stress strain curve Chapter 7-23 Elastic Properties Chapter
11 Elastic Properties E decreases with increasing the temperature Chapter 7-25 Chapter
12 Poisson's ratio, ν Ratio of lateral and axial strains Uniaxial stress + isotropic material: 1- ε x = ε y 2- In most metals G 0.4E If E is known, G and ν may be approximated. Chapter 7-28 Elastic Properties Chapter
13 Chapter 7-32 Chapter
14 Plastic (Permanent) Deformation (at lower temperatures, i.e. T < Tmelt /3). Simple tension test: engineering stress, σ Elastic+Plastic at larger stress Elastic initially permanent (plastic) after load is removed ε p engineering strain, ε plastic strain Chapter 7-36 Yielding and Yield Strength Sometimes P is difficult to locate precisely Chapter
15 Yield Strength, σ y Stress at which noticeable plastic deformation has occurred. when ε p = tensile stress, σ σ y = yield strength σ y Note: for 5 Cm sample ε = = z/z z = 0.1 mm εp= engineering strain, ε σ y : 35 MPa for a low-strength aluminum to over 1400 MPa for high-strength steels Chapter Yield Strength : Comparison Metals/ Alloys Steel (4140) qt Graphite/ Ceramics/ Semicond Polymers Composites/ fibers Yield strength, σ y (MPa) Ti (5Al-2.5Sn) W (pure) a Cu (71500) Mo (pure) cw Steel (4140) a Steel (1020) cd Al (6061) ag Steel (1020) hr Ti (pure) Ta (pure) a Cu (71500) hr Al (6061) a Hard to measure, since in tension, fracture usually occurs before yield. dry PC Nylon 6,6 PET humid PVC PP HDPE Hard to measure, in ceramic matrix and epoxy matrix composites, since in tension, fracture usually occurs before yield. Room temp. values a = annealed hr = hot rolled ag = aged cd = cold drawn cw = cold worked qt = quenched & tempered 10 Tin (pure) LDPE Chapter
16 Elastic Strain Recovery σ yi D σ yo Stress 2. Unload 1. Load Elastic strain recovery 3. Reapply load Strain Chapter 7-43 Tensile Strength, TS Maximum stress on engineering stress-strain curve. TS (Tensile strength) σ y Engineering stress Typical response of a metal strain Engineering strain Metals: occurs when noticeable necking starts. Polymers: occurs when polymer backbone chains are aligned and about to break. UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength, Fracture strength) Neck acts as stress concentrator TS: 50 MPa for aluminum to 3000 MPa for highstrength steels Chapter
17 Tensile strength, TS (MPa) Tensile Strength: Comparison Metals/ Alloys Steel (4140) qt W (pure) Ti (5Al-2.5Sn) Steel (4140) a a Cu (71500) Cu (71500) hr cw Steel (1020) Al (6061) Ti (pure) ag a Ta (pure) Al (6061) a Graphite/ Ceramics/ Semicond Diamond Si nitride Al oxide Si crystal <100> Glass-soda Concrete Graphite Polymers Nylon 6,6 PC PET PVC PP LDPE HDPE Composites/ fibers C fibers Aramid fib E-glass fib AFRE( fiber) GFRE( fiber) CFRE( fiber) wood( fiber) GFRE( fiber) CFRE( fiber) AFRE( fiber) wood ( fiber) Room temp. values a = annealed hr = hot rolled ag = aged cd = cold drawn cw = cold worked qt = quenched & tempered AFRE, GFRE, & CFRE = aramid, glass, & carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, with 60 vol% fibers. Chapter 7-46 Chapter
18 Chapter 7-48 Chapter
19 Ductility Plastic tensile strain at failure smaller %EL Engineering tensile stress, σ larger %EL L L %EL = L f o o x 100 L o L f Engineering tensile strain, ε %EL will depend on L 0! (A significant proportion of plastic deformation at fracture is confined to the neck region). The shorter L 0, the higher the value of %EL. L 0 should be specified when %EL are cited (commonly 50 mm)! Chapter 7-50 Ductility RA (Reduction in Area): Another ductility measure A L o o L f A f %RA is independent of both L 0 and A 0. For a given material the magnitudes of %EL and %RA will, in general, be different. Importance of ductility? How much a structure will deform plastically before fracture? How much deformation is allowed during fabrication operations? Chapter
20 Chapter 7-52 Chapter
21 Energy to break a unit volume of material Approximated by the area under the stress-strain curve (For the static (low-strain-rate) situation.) Engineering tensile stress, σ Toughness Small toughness (ceramics) Large toughness (metals) Small toughness (unreinforced polymers) Engineering tensile strain, ε Brittle fracture: elastic energy Ductile fracture: elastic + plastic energy Chapter 7-54 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties Chapter
22 Figure 7.14 Engineering stress strain behavior for iron at two temperatures. Chapter 7-56 True Stress and Strain σ T : True stress ε T : True strain A i = instantaneous cross section area over which deformation is occurring (i.e., the neck, past the tensile point). l i = instantaneous length Chapter
23 TRUE STRESS AND STRAIN If no volume change during deformation ( ): Necking introduces other stress components in addition to the axial stress The correct stress (axial) within the neck is slightly lower than the stress computed from the applied load and neck cross-sectional area (Fig. 7.16). Chapter 7-63 Chapter
24 Chapter 7-66 Hardness A measure of a material s resistance to localized plastic deformation (permanently denting or scratching) Qualitative test: The Mohs scale, ranged from 1 for talc to 10 for diamond. Quantitative tests: a small indenter is forced into the surface under controlled conditions and the depth or size of the resulting indentation is measured D apply a known force d measure size of indent after removing load Smaller indents mean larger hardness. Chapter
25 Chapter 7-75 Hardness: Measurement Table 7.5 Chapter
26 Hardness Most popular mechanical test Simple and inexpensive Nondestructive Other mechanical properties such as tensile strength, often may be estimated from hardness data Large hardness means: resistance to plastic deformation or cracking in compression better wear properties Chapter 7-77 Design or Safety Factors Design uncertainties mean we do not push the limit. Factor of safety, N Often N is σy between 1.2 and 4 σ working = N Example: Calculate a diameter, d, to ensure that yield does not occur in the 1045 carbon steel rod below. Use a factor of safety of 3. d σy σworking = 1045 plain carbon steel: N σy = 310 MPa Lo 220,000N ( ) π d 2 / 4 3 d = m = 52 mm TS = 565 MPa F = 220,000N Chapter
27 Chapter 7-83 Chapter
28 Summary Stress and strain: These are size-independent measures of load and displacement, respectively. Elastic behavior: This reversible behavior often shows a linear relation between stress and strain. To minimize deformation, select a material with a large elastic modulus (E or G). Plastic behavior: This permanent deformation behavior occurs when the tensile (or compressive) uniaxial stress reaches σ y. Toughness: The energy needed to break a unit volume of material. Ductility: The plastic strain at failure. Chapter
Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties
Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties
Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties
Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation occurs? What materials deform least? Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load
More informationChapter 8: Mechanical Properties of Metals. Elastic Deformation
Chapter 8: Mechanical Properties of Metals ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties
Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationبسم الله الرحمن الرحیم. Materials Science. Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم Materials Science Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties 1 Mechanical Properties Can be characterized using some quantities: 1. Strength, resistance of materials to (elastic+plastic) deformation;
More informationCHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationConcepts of stress and strain
Chapter 6: Mechanical properties of metals Outline Introduction Concepts of stress and strain Elastic deformation Stress-strain behavior Elastic properties of materials Plastic deformation Yield and yield
More informationCHAPTER 6: Mechanical properties
CHAPTER 6: Mechanical properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties
ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much reversible deformation occurs? What material resist reversible deformation better? Plastic behavior: At what point
More informationChapter 7. Mechanical Properties
Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties Chapter 7 Plastic Deformation, Ductility and Toughness Issues to address Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic
More informationAERO 214. Introduction to Aerospace Mechanics of Materials. Lecture 2
AERO 214 Introduction to Aerospace Mechanics of Materials Lecture 2 Materials for Aerospace Structures Aluminum Titanium Composites: Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites High Temperature
More informationMechanical Properties
Stress-strain behavior of metals Elastic Deformation Plastic Deformation Ductility, Resilience and Toughness Hardness 108 Elastic Deformation bonds stretch δ return to initial Elastic means reversible!
More informationChapter 6:Mechanical Properties
Chapter 6:Mechanical Properties Why mechanical properties? Need to design materials that can withstand applied load e.g. materials used in building bridges that can hold up automobiles, pedestrians materials
More informationISSUES TO ADDRESS...
Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties School of Mechanical Engineering Choi, Hae-Jin Materials Science - Prof. Choi, Hae-Jin Chapter 7-1 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they
More informationChapter 7: Mechanical Properties
Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationNDT Deflection Measurement Devices: Benkelman Beam (BB) Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor
NDT Deflection Measurement Devices: Benkelman Beam (BB) Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor NDT Deflection Measurement Devices on Pavement Structure NDT measurement of pavement surface
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES. (for metals)
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (for metals) 1 Chapter Outline Terminology for Mechanical Properties The Tensile Test: Stress-Strain Diagram Properties Obtained from a Tensile Test True Stress and True Strain The
More informationWEEK FOUR. This week, we will Define yield (failure) in metals Learn types of stress- strain curves Define ductility.
WEEK FOUR Until now, we Defined stress and strain Established stress-strain relations for an elastic material Learned stress transformation Discussed yield (failure) criteria This week, we will Define
More informationIssues to address. Why Mechanical Test?? Mechanical Properties. Why mechanical properties?
Mechanical Properties Why mechanical properties? Folsom Dam Gate Failure, July 1995 Need to design materials that can withstand applied load e.g. materials used in building bridges that can hold up automobiles,
More informationCHAPTER 7: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 7: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Stress and strain: What are they and why are they used instead of load and deformation? Elastic behavior: When loads are small, how much deformation
More informationHigh Temperature Materials. By Docent. N. Menad. Luleå University of Technology ( Sweden )
of Materials Course KGP003 Ch. 6 High Temperature Materials By Docent. N. Menad Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Geosciences Div. Of process metallurgy Luleå University of Technology ( Sweden ) Mohs scale
More informationCE205 MATERIALS SCIENCE PART_6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CE205 MATERIALS SCIENCE PART_6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Dr. Mert Yücel YARDIMCI Istanbul Okan University Deparment of Civil Engineering Chapter Outline Terminology for Mechanical Properties The Tensile Test:
More informationChapter Outline Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads?
Chapter Outline Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads?! Stress and Strain " Tension " Compression " Shear " Torsion! Elastic deformation! Plastic Deformation " Yield Strength
More informationThe Mechanical Properties of Polymers
The Mechanical Properties of Polymers Date: 14/07/2018 Abu Zafar Al Munsur Behavior Of Material Under Mechanical Loads = Mechanical Properties. Term to address here Stress and strain: These are size-independent
More informationChapter 7. Mechanical properties 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Stress-strain concepts and behaviour 7.3. Mechanical behaviour of metals 7.4.
Chapter 7. Mechanical properties 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Stress-strain concepts and behaviour 7.3. Mechanical behaviour of metals 7.4. Mechanical behaviour of ceramics 7.5. Mechanical behaviour of polymers
More informationISSUES TO ADDRESS... What types of defects arise in solids? Can the number and type of defects be varied and controlled?
CHAPTER 4: IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What types of defects arise in solids? Can the number and type of defects be varied and controlled? How do defects affect material properties? Are
More informationCHAPTER 3 OUTLINE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS PART 1
CHAPTER 3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS PART 1 30 July 2007 1 OUTLINE 3.1 Mechanical Properties 3.1.1 Definition 3.1.2 Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties 3.1.3 Kinds of Mechanical Properties 3.1.4 Stress
More informationCE 221: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS I CHAPTER 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
CE 221: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS I CHAPTER 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS By Dr. Krisada Chaiyasarn Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Thammasat university Outline Tension and compression
More informationChapter 4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL. By: Ardiyansyah Syahrom
Chapter 4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL By: Ardiyansyah Syahrom Chapter 2 STRAIN Department of Applied Mechanics and Design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 1 Expanding
More information11/2/2018 7:58 PM. Chapter 6. Mechanical Properties of Metals. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
1 Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties of Metals 2 Assignment 7, 13, 18, 23, 30, 40, 45, 50, 54 4 th Exam Tuesday 22/11/2018 3 WHY STUDY Mechanical Properties of Metals? How various mechanical properties are
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials Mechanical testing of engineering materials may be carried out for a number of reasons: The tests may simulate the service conditions
More informationWelcome to ENR116 Engineering Materials. This lecture summary is part of module 2, Material Properties.
Welcome to ENR116 Engineering Materials. This lecture summary is part of module 2, Material Properties. 1 2 Mechanical properties. 3 The intended learning outcomes from this lecture summary are that you
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals. Goals of this unit
Mechanical Properties of Metals Instructor: Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Goals of this unit Quick survey of important metal systems Detailed coverage of basic mechanical properties, especially
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS. Materials Science
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS Materials Science Stress Stress is a measure of the intensity of the internal forces acting within a deformable body. Mathematically, it is a measure of the average force
More informationMaterials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lectures 9 & 10. Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Metals
Materials Engineering 272-C Fall 2001, Lectures 9 & 10 Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Metals From an applications standpoint, one of the most important topics within Materials Science & Engineering
More informationFME201 Solid & Structural Mechanics I Dr.Hussein Jama Office 414
FME201 Solid & Structural Mechanics I Dr.Hussein Jama Hussein.jama@uobi.ac.ke Office 414 Lecture: Mon 11am -1pm (CELT) Tutorial Tue 12-1pm (E207) 10/1/2013 1 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Show relationship of stress
More informationPlastic stress-strain behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness testing Design/safety factors
Mechanical Properties of Materials 2 Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Plastic stress-strain behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness testing Design/safety factors
More informationChapter 15: Characteristics, Applications & Processing of Polymers
Chapter 15: Characteristics, Applications & Processing of Polymers Study: 15.1-15.14 Read: 15.15-15.24 What are the tensile properties of polymers and how are they affected by basic microstructural features?
More informationSMU 2113 ENGINEERING SCIENCE. PART 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials and Structures
SMU 2113 ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials and Structures These slides are designed based on the content of these reference textbooks. OBJECTIVES To introduce basic principles
More informationMATERIALS SELECTION ECONOMIC, ENVIRON., & DESIGN ISSUES
MATERIALS SELECTION ECONOMIC, ENVIRON., & DESIGN ISSUES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Price and availability of materials. How do we select materials based on optimal performance? Applications: --shafts under torsion
More informationTopic/content. By the end of this course : Why study? MATERIALS ENGINEERING SME 3623
MATERIALS ENGINEERING SME 3623 WWII Liberty Ships fracture into two halves Dr. Norhayati Ahmad Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. E-mail:
More informationToday s Topics. Plastic stress-strain behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness testing Design/safety factors
MME 291: Lecture 10 Mechanical Properties of Materials 2 Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Plastic stress- behaviour of metals Energy of mechanical ldeformation Hardness
More informationMechanical behavior of crystalline materials - Stress Types and Tensile Behaviour
Mechanical behavior of crystalline materials - Stress Types and Tensile Behaviour 3.1 Introduction Engineering materials are often found to posses good mechanical properties so then they are suitable for
More informationDeformation, plastic instability
Deformation, plastic instability and yield-limited design Engineering Materials 2189101 Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University http://pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~pchedtha/ Material
More informationThe strength of a material depends on its ability to sustain a load without undue deformation or failure.
TENSION TEST The strength of a material depends on its ability to sustain a load without undue deformation or failure. This strength is inherent in the material itself and must be determined by experiment.
More informationTensile/Tension Test Fundamentals
CIVE.3110 Engineering Materials Laboratory Fall 2016 Tensile/Tension Test Fundamentals Tzuyang Yu Associate Professor, Ph.D. Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG) Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationBFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties
More informationChapter 2: Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Chapter : Mechanical Behavior of Materials Definition Mechanical behavior of a material relationship - its response (deformation) to an applied load or force Examples: strength, hardness, ductility, stiffness
More informationME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES
ME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES Instructor: Office: MEC325, Tel.: 973-642-7455 E-mail: samardzi@njit.edu PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Chapter 3 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING
More information3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Igor Kokcharov 3.1 TENSION TEST The tension test is the most widely used mechanical test. Principal mechanical properties are obtained from the test. There
More information1.7 Prestressing Steel
1.7 Prestressing Steel This section covers the following topics. Forms of Prestressing Steel Types of Prestressing Steel Properties of Prestressing Steel Codal Provisions of Steel 1.7.1 Forms of Prestressing
More informationPart IA Paper 2: Structures and Materials MATERIALS Examples Paper 3 Stiffness-limited Design; Plastic Deformation and Properties
Engineering Part IA Paper 2: Structures and Materials MATERIALS FIRST YEAR Examples Paper 3 Stiffness-limited Design; Plastic Deformation and Properties Straightforward questions are marked with a Tripos
More informationEnergy and Packing. typical neighbor bond energy. typical neighbor bond energy. Dense, regular-packed structures tend to have lower energy.
Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r
More informationChapter 6 Mechanical Properties
Engineering Materials MECH 390 Tutorial 2 Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties Chapter 3-1 6.14:A cylindrical specimen of steel having a diameter of 15.2 mm and length of 250 mm is deformed elastically in tension
More informationEnergy and Packing. Materials and Packing
Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r
More informationPrice and Availability
Price and Availability Outline Introduction Relative cost of materials Example MECH 321 Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University lecture 21/1 Current Prices on the web (a) : - Short term trends: fluctuations
More informationMechanical Properties of Materials
INTRODUCTION Mechanical Properties of Materials Many materials, when in service, are subjected to forces or loads, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the material and to design the member from
More informationWorkshop Practice TA 102
Workshop Practice TA 102 Lec 2 & 3 :Engineering Materials By Prof.A.Chandrashekhar Engineering Materials Materials play an important role in the construction and manufacturing of equipment/tools. Right
More informationCHAPTER 8 DEFORMATION AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 8 DEFORMATION AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Slip Systems 8.3 (a) Compare planar densities (Section 3.15 and Problem W3.46 [which appears on the book s Web site]) for the (100),
More informationTensile/Tension Test Advanced Topics
CIVE.3110 Engineering Materials Laboratory Fall 2017 Tensile/Tension Test Advanced Topics Tzuyang Yu Associate Professor, Ph.D. Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG) Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationME254: Materials Engineering Second Midterm Exam 1 st semester December 10, 2015 Time: 2 hrs
ME254: Materials Engineering Second Midterm Exam 1 st semester 1436-1437 December 10, 2015 Time: 2 hrs Problem 1: (24 points) A o = π/4*d o 2 = π/4*17 2 = 227 mm 2 L o = 32 mm a) Determine the following
More informationTrue Stress and True Strain
True Stress and True Strain For engineering stress ( ) and engineering strain ( ), the original (gauge) dimensions of specimen are employed. However, length and cross-sectional area change in plastic region.
More informationChapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing
Chapter 8 Strain Hardening and Annealing This is a further application of our knowledge of plastic deformation and is an introduction to heat treatment. Part of this lecture is covered by Chapter 4 of
More informationThe photograph of Figure (a)
Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties of Metals 2000 TS (a) Stress (MPa) 1000 E Stress (MPa) 2000 y 1000 0 0 0 0.000 0.040 (b) Strain 0.010 Strain 0.080 The photograph of Figure (a) shows an apparatus that measures
More informationPage 1 of 46 Exam 1. Exam 1 Past Exam Problems without Solutions NAME: Given Formulae: Law of Cosines: C. Law of Sines:
NAME: EXAM 1 PAST PROBLEMS WITHOUT SOLUTIONS 100 points Tuesday, September 26, 2017, 7pm to 9:30 You are allowed to use a calculator and drawing equipment, only. Formulae provided 2.5 hour time limit This
More informationTypes of Strain. Engineering Strain: e = l l o. Shear Strain: γ = a b
Types of Strain l a g Engineering Strain: l o l o l b e = l l o l o (a) (b) (c) Shear Strain: FIGURE 2.1 Types of strain. (a) Tensile. (b) Compressive. (c) Shear. All deformation processes in manufacturing
More informationCHAPTER 4 1/1/2016. Mechanical Properties of Metals - I. Processing of Metals - Casting. Hot Rolling of Steel. Casting (Cont..)
Processing of Metals - Casting CHAPTER 4 Mechanical Properties of Metals - I Most metals are first melted in a furnace. Alloying is done if required. Large ingots are then cast. Sheets and plates are then
More informationMetals are generally ductile because the structure consists of close-packed layers of
Chapter 10 Why are metals ductile and ceramics brittle? Metals are generally ductile because the structure consists of close-packed layers of atoms that allow for low energy dislocation movement. Slip
More information5. A round rod is subjected to an axial force of 10 kn. The diameter of the rod is 1 inch. The engineering stress is (a) MPa (b) 3.
The Avogadro's number = 6.02 10 23 1 lb = 4.45 N 1 nm = 10 Å = 10-9 m SE104 Structural Materials Sample Midterm Exam Multiple choice problems (2.5 points each) For each problem, choose one and only one
More informationProperties of Engineering Materials
Properties of Engineering Materials Syllabus Mechanical Properties, Tensile, Fatigue, Creep, Impact, Hardness, Chemical Properties, Physical properties, Corrosion and Cathodic Protection, Carbon Steel,
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Stress-Strain Relationships Hardness Effect of Temperature on Properties Fluid Properties Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers Mechanical Properties in Design and Manufacturing
More informationReproducible evaluation of material properties. Static Testing Material response to constant loading
Material Testing Material Testing Reproducible evaluation of material properties Static Testing Material response to constant loading Dynamic Testing Material response to varying loading conditions, including
More informationWhen an axial load is applied to a bar, normal stresses are produced on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the bar.
11.1 AXIAL STRAIN When an axial load is applied to a bar, normal stresses are produced on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the bar. In addition, the bar increases in length, as shown: 11.1
More informationQuiz 1 - Mechanical Properties and Testing Chapters 6 and 8 Callister
Quiz 1 - Mechanical Properties and Testing Chapters 6 and 8 Callister You need to be able to: Name the properties determined in a tensile test including UTS,.2% offset yield strength, Elastic Modulus,
More informationWhen an axial load is applied to a bar, normal stresses are produced on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the bar.
11.1 AXIAL STRAIN When an axial load is applied to a bar, normal stresses are produced on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the bar. In addition, the bar increases in length, as shown: 11.1
More informationENGINEERING MATERIAL 100
Department of Applied Chemistry Division of Science and Engineering SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MATERIAL 100 Experiments 4 and 6 Mechanical Testing and Applications of Non-Metals Name: Yasmin Ousam
More informationMSE 3143 Ceramic Materials
MSE 3143 Ceramic Materials Mechanical Properties of Ceramics Assoc.Prof. Dr. Emre YALAMAÇ Res.Asst. B.Şölen AKDEMİR 2017-2018 Fall 1 OUTLINE Elasticity & Strength Stress & Strain Behaviour Of Materials
More informationMechanical Characterisation of Materials
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka MME298 Structure and Properties of Biomaterials Sessional 1.50 Credits 3.00 Hours/Week July
More informationChapter 6: Mechanical Properties: Part One
Slide 1 Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties: Part One ` 6-1 Slide 2 Learning Objectives 1. Technological significance 2. Terminology for mechanical properties 3. The tensile test: Use of the stress strain
More informationChapter 16: Composite Materials
Chapter 16: Composite Materials What are the classes and types of composites? Why are composites used instead of metals, ceramics, or polymers? How do we estimate composite stiffness & strength? What are
More informationME 207 Material Science I
ME 207 Material Science I Chapter 4 Properties in Bending and Shear Dr. İbrahim H. Yılmaz http://web.adanabtu.edu.tr/iyilmaz Automotive Engineering Adana Science and Technology University Introduction
More informationAssignment #1 Due Date 22 September 2009; 5PM Group I: Odd questions, Group II : Even questions
Assignment #1 Due Date 22 September 2009; 5PM Group I: Odd questions, Group II : Even questions 1. A burnout test was performed to determine the volume fraction of constituents in a glass-fibre- reinforced
More informationMECHANICS OF MATERIALS. Mechanical Properties of Materials
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Mechanical Properties of Materials By NUR FARHAYU ARIFFIN Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources Chapter Description Expected Outcomes Understand the concept of tension and
More informationMechanical behavior of crystalline materials- Comprehensive Behaviour
Mechanical behavior of crystalline materials- Comprehensive Behaviour In the previous lecture we have considered the behavior of engineering materials under uniaxial tensile loading. In this lecture we
More informationReproducible evaluation of material properties. Static Testing Material response to constant loading
Material Testing Material Testing Reproducible evaluation of material properties Static Testing Material response to constant loading Dynamic Testing Material response to varying loading conditions, including
More information3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials 3.1 Stress-Strain Relationships 3.2 Hardness 3.3 Effect of Temperature on Properties 3.4 Fluid Properties 3.5 Viscoelastic Properties Importance of Mechanical Properties
More informationEngineering materials
1 Engineering materials Lecture 2 Imperfections and defects Response of materials to stress 2 Crystalline Imperfections (4.4) No crystal is perfect. Imperfections affect mechanical properties, chemical
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم. Materials Science. Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم Materials Science Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics 1 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 7: Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 7: Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Dr. Coates An edge dislocation moves in response to an applied shear stress dislocation motion 7.1 Introduction
More informationAnalysis and design of composite structures
Analysis and design of composite structures Class notes 1 1. Introduction 2 Definition: composite means that different materials are combined to form a third material whose properties are superior to those
More informationMaterials Science ME 274. Dr Yehia M. Youssef. Materials Science. Copyright YM Youssef, 4-Oct-10
ME 274 Dr Yehia M. Youssef 1 The Structure of Crystalline Solids Solid materials may be classified according to the regularity with which atoms or ions are arranged with respect to one another. A crystalline
More informationChapter 12. Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Material
Chapter 12. Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Material System Health & Risk Management 1/ 20 Contents 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Stress Strain Curves 12.3 Three Dimensional Stress Strain Relationships
More informationTensile Testing. Objectives
Laboratory 3 Tensile Testing Objectives Students are required to understand the principle of a uniaxial tensile testing and gain their practices on operating the tensile testing machine to achieve the
More informationa. 50% fine pearlite, 12.5% bainite, 37.5% martensite. 590 C for 5 seconds, 350 C for 50 seconds, cool to room temperature.
Final Exam Wednesday, March 21, noon to 3:00 pm (160 points total) 1. TTT Diagrams A U.S. steel producer has four quench baths, used to quench plates of eutectoid steel to 700 C, 590 C, 350 C, and 22 C
More informationMACHINES DESIGN SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL MACHINES DESIGN
1 SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL C O N T E N T 2 1. MACHINE DESIGN 03-21 2. FLEXIBLE MECHANICAL ELEMENTS. 22-34 3. JOURNAL BEARINGS... 35-65 4. CLUTCH AND BRAKES.
More informationMATERIALS: Clarifications and More on Stress Strain Curves
A 3.0 m length of steel rod is going to be used in the construction of a bridge. The tension in the rod will be 10 kn and the rod must extend by no more than 1.0mm. Calculate the minimum cross-sectional
More informationIntroduction to Composite Materials
Structural Composite Materials Copyright 2010, ASM International F.C. Campbell All rights reserved. (#05287G) www.asminternational.org Chapter 1 Introduction to Composite Materials A composite material
More information