Fundamentals of. Steel Product. Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Fundamentals of. Steel Product. Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy"

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Steel Product Physical Metallurgy B.C. De Cooman Graduate Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea J.G Speer Advanced Steel Products and Processing Research Center Colorado School of Mines, USA

2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction I 1.1 A definition of steel Steel production routes The uses of steel Steel and non-ferrous metals Steel and the lightweight materials challenge Fundamental Characteristics of Fe Nuclear properties of the Fe atom The allotropic transformations of pure Fe Electronic and magnetic properties of Fe Thermodynamics of the allotropic formations in pure Fe Point defects in the Fe lattice Mechanical effects Electronic effects Chemical effects Vacancies Substitutional and interstitial impurities Diffusion in Fe Interstitial diffusion of C in Fe Interstitial diffusion of H in a-fe Grain boundaries in pure Fe Grain boundary diffusion Grain boundary segregation Grain-related concepts Surface properties of pure Fe Surface structure and surface segregation Oxidation of Fe Fundamental Reactions in the Fe-C, Fe-C-X and Multicomponent Alloy Systems Basic thermodynamic principles The Fe-C alloy system Transformations in Fe-C binary alloys Isothermal transformation kinetics Nucleation kinetics Empirical methods The martensitic transformation kinetics Non-isothermal transformation kinetics TTT and CCT diagrams and their practical use The y-»a transformation Ferrite formation Cementite precipitation in a-fe Growth of Fe3C from C-supersaturated ferrite Carbon-dislocation interactions Eutectoid transformation y-kx+ Fe3C: Pearlite The y-»fe3c transformation Austenite Decomposition in Fe-C-X Alloy Systems The Fe-X alloy systems Effect of alloying elements on the y-»oc reaction in Fe-C-X alloys The effect of alloying elements on the y-»pearlite reaction in Fe-C-X alloys 142

3 4.4 Effect of alloying on the austenite decomposition Carbon ( mass %) Manganese (0.3%-2%) Silicon Chromium Molybdenum ( mass %) Boron Niobium Effect of austenite grain size Effect of strain on the y-cx transformation Solubility of MX compounds Martensite General characteristics ofthe tnartensitic transformation Kinetics of the Martensite transformation: athermal and isothermal martensite Martensite in the Fe-C system Martensite in the Fe-Ni system Transformation to e-fe The tempering of martensite Bainite The Mechanical Behavior of Fe and Steel The elastic properties of Fe The plasticity of pure Fe Theoretical strength of Fe Dislocations and plastic strain Dislocations in a-fe Dislocations in Y-Fe Flow stress in b.c.c. and f.c.c. ferrous alloys Twinning in Fe Stress field around dislocations Dislocation-dislocation interactions Interactions between dislocations and solute atoms Cottrell interaction Stored energy release Formation of crystallographic texture in Fe and steels Strengthening Mechanisms Lattice friction Fundamental equation for strengthening mechanisms Solid solution hardening Strain hardening Grain boundary strengthening Precipitation strengthening Examples of precipitation strengthening in steels Cu-bearing steel (Ti, Mo)C precipitation strengthened Microalloyed steel 293 steels Fe-18Ni maraging steels Precipitation hardened austenitic stainless steels Hi-Cr ferritic steels Temperature dependence of the strengthening mechanisms Strength of the constituents from the decomposition of austenite Strength of pearlite Strength of bainite and acicular ferrite Strength of martensite Stress-strain behavior of steel Stress-strain relationships for multiphase steels Anisotropy Practical aspects of the r-value, n-value and m-value 316

4 6.11 Hardness Post-uniform strain and fracture Ductile-to-brittle fracture transition Fatigue Low-Carbon Steel Formable low-carbon sheet steel BA AK steels CA AK steels Interstitial-free (IF) steels TiNb IF steels Bake hardenable steels Solid solution strengthened steels Formable high-strength low-carbon steels Precipitation strengthened high-strength microalloyed steels Dual-phase steels Transformation strengthened steels High-strength, bainitic, ferrite-bainite and complex phase steels High-strength quench hardenable CMnB steels High-strength martensitic steel Advanced high-strength sheet steel in the automotive industry Structural CMn Steel Strengthening of structural CMn steels Weathering steels Shipbuilding Linepipe steels Pressure vessels High-Strength Engineering Steels Steel hardenability The Grossman hardenability prediction method Jominy test hardness profile calculation Normalizing and spherodizing Hardening Austenitizing Quenching Tempering Steel for surface hardening Carburizing Nitriding Steels for carburizing Steels for nitriding Steels for surface quenching Applications Stainless Steel Introduction The production of stainless steels The binary Fe-Cr system The binary Fe-Ni system Effect of alloying on the Fe-Cr-C alloy system: the Schaeffler diagram Carbide and nitride precipitation in stainless steels M23C6, MC, M6C and M7C3 carbides Cr2N nitride 487

5 10.7 Intermetallics in stainless steels: o-phase FeCr and 7' Ni3(Al,Ti) Stainless steel standards Corrosion of stainless steels Pitting corrosion Intergranular corrosion Stress-corrosion cracking Corrosion resistance-based classification scheme Mechanical properties Martensitic stainless steels Austenitic stainless steels Ferritic stainless steels Duplex stainless steels Specialty Steels Electrical steels Properties of electrical sheet steel Non-oriented electrical steels: semi-processed and fully processed grades Grain-oriented electrical steels Classification of electrical sheet steel Steels for vitreous enameling Enameling processes Low-carbon steel grades for enameling Open coil annealed enameling grades Ti-stabilized IF grades for enameling: DC06EK (FeK6) Hot rolled grades for enameling Enameling steel standards Machinable steels High-C wire rod steel for springs and high-strength wires Bearing steels Concrete reinforcement bar steels Steels for low and cryogenic temperature applications Maraging steels Rail steel Steels for tools, dies and instruments High-speed tool steels Steels for hot deformation Steels for cold deformation Steels for measuring instruments and gauges Steels for heavy section parts Steels for elevated temperature and power generation applications Hadfield Mn steel Engine valve steels Coated Sheet Steel Coated products market Perforation and cosmetic corrosion suppression Metal coated sheet Electrolytic coatings Hot-dip galvanized sheet steel Organic coated steel sheet (OCS) or coil coated sheet steel Post-treatments for coated steel sheet Current production methods for coated sheet steel Electrogalvanizing Hot-dip galvanizing Coil coating Application performance ofcoated sheet Coating formability 617

6 Coating adhesion Friction Powdering and flaking Joinability Phosphating Electro-paintability Paint adhesion Visual appearance Standardization: Classification Schemes for Steels 623

Steels Processing, Structure, and Performance, Second Edition Copyright 2015 ASM International G. Krauss All rights reserved asminternational.

Steels Processing, Structure, and Performance, Second Edition Copyright 2015 ASM International G. Krauss All rights reserved asminternational. Steels Processing, Structure, and Performance, Second Edition Copyright 2015 ASM International G. Krauss All rights reserved asminternational.org Contents Preface to the Second Edition of Steels: Processing,

More information

High strength low alloy (HSLA).

High strength low alloy (HSLA). 7 Alloy Steels High strength low alloy (HSLA). a type of steel alloy that provides many benefits over regular steel alloys contain a very small percentage of carbon (less than one-tenth of a percent) and

More information

Precipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening

Precipitation Hardening. Outline. Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation Hardening Outline Dispersion Strengthening Mechanical Properties of Steel Effect of Pearlite Particles impede dislocations. Things that slow down/hinder/impede dislocation movement will increase, y and TS And also

More information

Master examination. Metallic Materials

Master examination. Metallic Materials Master examination Metallic Materials 01.03.2016 Name: Matriculation number: Signature: Task Points: Points achieved: 1 13 2 4 3 3 4 6 5 6 6 3 7 4 8 9 9 6 10 9.5 11 8 12 8 13 10.5 14 4 15 6 Sum 100 Points

More information

Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle

Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Heat Treatment of Steels : Metallurgical Principle Outlines: Fe ad Fe-Fe 3 C system Phases and Microstructure Fe-Fe 3 C Phase Diaram General Physical and Mechanical Properties of each Microstructure Usanee

More information

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I LECTURE COURSE 9 ALLOY STEELS. CLASSES. INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS. STRUCTURAL ALLOY STEELS. STEELS WITH SPECIAL PROPERTIES. ALLOY TOOL STEELS. ALLOY STEELS ALLOY

More information

Heat Treating Basics-Steels

Heat Treating Basics-Steels Heat Treating Basics-Steels Semih Genculu, P.E. Steel is the most important engineering material as it combines strength, ease of fabrication, and a wide range of properties along with relatively low cost.

More information

of Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test

of Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test Chapter 11 Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys This is just an extension of the previous chapter Hardenability of Steels: The Jominy Test As usual, everything is standardized! After the Jominy

More information

Tutorial 2 : Crystalline Solid, Solidification, Crystal Defect and Diffusion

Tutorial 2 : Crystalline Solid, Solidification, Crystal Defect and Diffusion Tutorial 1 : Introduction and Atomic Bonding 1. Explain the difference between ionic and metallic bonding between atoms in engineering materials. 2. Show that the atomic packing factor for Face Centred

More information

HEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes

HEAT TREATMENT. Chapter 6. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes HEAT TREATMENT Chapter 6 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING PROPERTIES 6.1 Structure Property Relationships Properties and structure can be manipulated and controlled Interactive relation

More information

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Course Name METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE Course Code AME005 Class III Semester

More information

MT 348 Outline No MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

MT 348 Outline No MECHANICAL PROPERTIES MT 348 Outline No. 1 2009 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES I. Introduction A. Stresses and Strains, Normal and Shear Loading B. Elastic Behavior II. Stresses and Metal Failure A. ʺPrincipal Stressʺ Concept B. Plastic

More information

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1

Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Ferrite - BCC Martensite - BCT Fe 3 C (cementite)- orthorhombic Austenite - FCC Chapter 10 Phase Transformations in Metals Tuesday, December 24, 2013 Dr. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, PE 1 Why do we study

More information

HEAT TREATMENT. Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability

HEAT TREATMENT. Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability Bulk and Surface Treatments Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, Tempering Hardenability HEAT TREATMENT With focus on Steels Principles of Heat Treatment of Steels Romesh C Sharma New Age International (P)

More information

Chapter 11 Part 2. Metals and Alloys

Chapter 11 Part 2. Metals and Alloys Chapter 11 Part 2 Metals and Alloys Nomenclature of Steels Historically, many methods for identifying alloys by their composition have been developed The commonly used schemes in this country are those

More information

Introduction to Materials Science

Introduction to Materials Science EPMA Powder Metallurgy Summer School 27 June 1 July 2016 Valencia, Spain Introduction to Materials Science Prof. Alberto Molinari University of Trento, Italy Some of the figures used in this presentation

More information

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Aluminium alloys 2 1.2 Aluminium alloy classification 2 1.2.1 Aluminium alloys (Wrought) 3 1.2.2 Heat treatable alloys (Wrought). 3 1.2.3 Aluminum

More information

Continuous Cooling Diagrams

Continuous Cooling Diagrams Continuous Cooling Diagrams Isothermal transformation (TTT) diagrams are obtained by rapidly quenching to a given temperature and then measuring the volume fraction of the various constituents that form

More information

Alloy Steels. Chapter 7. Copyright 2007 Dr. Ali Ourdjini.

Alloy Steels. Chapter 7. Copyright 2007 Dr. Ali Ourdjini. 7 Alloy Steels At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Classify alloy steels Explain: effects of alloying elements to steel properties Discuss: composition, microstructure, mechanical properties

More information

Binary Phase Diagrams - II

Binary Phase Diagrams - II Binary Phase Diagrams - II Note the alternating one phase / two phase pattern at any given temperature Binary Phase Diagrams - Cu-Al Can you spot the eutectoids? The peritectic points? How many eutectic

More information

MTLS 4L04 Steel Section. Lecture 6

MTLS 4L04 Steel Section. Lecture 6 MTLS 4L04 Steel Section Lecture 6 Tempering of Martensite To get around the problem of the brittleness of the Martensite, Martensite is heat treated at elevated temperatures (200-700 C) to precipitate

More information

Hypoeutectoid Carbon Steels. Hypereutectoid Carbon Steels

Hypoeutectoid Carbon Steels. Hypereutectoid Carbon Steels Hypoeutectoid Carbon Steels Another example: Amount of carbon? 1035 Steel: white regions are proeutectoid ferrite grains By the end of this lecture you should be able to predict the amount of carbon in

More information

Equilibria in Materials

Equilibria in Materials 2009 fall Advanced Physical Metallurgy Phase Equilibria in Materials 09.01.2009 Eun Soo Park Office: 33-316 Telephone: 880-7221 Email: espark@snu.ac.kr Office hours: by an appointment 1 Text: A. PRINCE,

More information

Each carbon atom causes a tetragonal distortion since the principal

Each carbon atom causes a tetragonal distortion since the principal Ferrous alloys Fig. 1: Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram martensite start temperature or M S. The fraction of martensite increases with the undercooling below M S. The martensite in steels is supersaturated

More information

TEPZZ 9 4 A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2015/40

TEPZZ 9 4 A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2015/40 (19) TEPZZ 9 4_ _A_T (11) EP 2 924 131 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication:.09.1 Bulletin 1/ (21) Application number: 14162191.2 (22) Date of filing: 28.03.14 (1) Int Cl.: C21D

More information

is detrimental to hot workability and subsequent surface quality. It is used in certain steels to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion.

is detrimental to hot workability and subsequent surface quality. It is used in certain steels to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Glossary of Terms Alloying Elements ALUMINIUM - Al is used to deoxidise steel and control grain size. Grain size control is effected by forming a fine dispersion with nitrogen and oxygen which restricts

More information

Phase change processes for material property manipulation BY PROF.A.CHANDRASHEKHAR

Phase change processes for material property manipulation BY PROF.A.CHANDRASHEKHAR Phase change processes for material property manipulation BY PROF.A.CHANDRASHEKHAR Introduction The phase of a material is defined as a chemically and structurally homogeneous state of material. Any material

More information

UNIT-II PART- A Heat treatment Annealing annealing temperature Normalizing.

UNIT-II PART- A Heat treatment Annealing annealing temperature Normalizing. UNIT-II PART- A 1. What is "critical cooling rate" in hardening of steels? This critical cooling rate, when included on the continuous transformation diagram, will just miss the nose at which the pearlite

More information

Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials Engineering Materials Heat Treatments of Ferrous Alloys Annealing Processes The term annealing refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time

More information

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram

The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram Steels: alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). Fe-C phase diagram is complex. Will only consider the steel part of the diagram, up to around 7% Carbon. University

More information

MSE-226 Engineering Materials

MSE-226 Engineering Materials MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-7 ALLOY STEELS Tool Steels TYPES of FERROUS ALLOYS FERROUS ALLOYS Plain Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Cast Irons - Low carbon Steel - Medium carbon steel - High carbon

More information

In their simplest form, steels are alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C).

In their simplest form, steels are alloys of Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C). Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram Its defined as:- A map of the temperature at which different phase changes occur on very slow heating and cooling in relation to Carbon content. is Isothermal and continuous cooling

More information

Chapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys

Chapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys Chapter 7 Stainless Steels Stainless steels at least % Cr in iron is required (max 30% Cr) Cr: to make iron surface by forming a surface oxide film protecting the underlying metal from corrosion Ni: to

More information

Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11)

Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Chapter 9 Heat treatment (This chapter covers selective sections in Callister Chap. 9, 10 &11) Study theme outcomes: After studying this chapter, students should or should be able to: - know and understand

More information

Metallurgy in Production

Metallurgy in Production In the Name of Allah University of Hormozgan Metallurgy in Production First semester 95-96 Mohammad Ali Mirzai 1 Chapter 7 - Part 1: Heat Treatment of Steels 2 The kinds of treatments for improve properties

More information

Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagrams

Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagrams Allotropic Iron, when cooling from a high temperature, displays two special points known as arrest points or critical points. These change points occur at 1390 o C and 910 o C. Above 1390 o C Iron exists

More information

ME 254 MATERIALS ENGINEERING 1 st Semester 1431/ rd Mid-Term Exam (1 hr)

ME 254 MATERIALS ENGINEERING 1 st Semester 1431/ rd Mid-Term Exam (1 hr) 1 st Semester 1431/1432 3 rd Mid-Term Exam (1 hr) Question 1 a) Answer the following: 1. Do all metals have the same slip system? Why or why not? 2. For each of edge, screw and mixed dislocations, cite

More information

Effects in Ductile Iron

Effects in Ductile Iron Summary of Element Effects in Ductile Iron Rick Gundlach Element Materials Technology Wixom Insert Company Logo Here DIS Annual Meeting, June 7, 2012 Muskegon, Michigan Types of Alloying Elements Substitutional

More information

The University of New Mexico. Lecture 4. Chapter 5. zcl ME260L 06. The University of New Mexico. Austenite, Ferrite and Cementite.

The University of New Mexico. Lecture 4. Chapter 5. zcl ME260L 06. The University of New Mexico. Austenite, Ferrite and Cementite. Lecture 4 Chapter 5 Austenite, Ferrite and Cementite 1 Austenite, Ferrite, Martensite and Cementite Austenite FCC Structure of Fe/steel at elevated temperatures (~ >727 o C) Ferrite BCC Relatively soft

More information

Glossary of Steel Terms

Glossary of Steel Terms Glossary of Steel Terms Steel Terms Explained. Below we list some of the most common steel terms and explain what they mean. AISI Alloy Alloy Steel Annealing ASTM Austenitic Bar Brinell (HB) Bright Drawn

More information

AHS Steels for Automotive Parts

AHS Steels for Automotive Parts 20-21June 2013 BITEC, Bangkok -Thailand AHS Steels for Automotive Parts Asst. Prof. Vitoon Uthaisangsuk, Dr.-Ing. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut s University

More information

Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing: Automotive Applications Overview

Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing: Automotive Applications Overview KVA, Inc. / 124 S. Market Place, Suite 200 / Escondido, CA. 92029 U.S.A. (760) 489-5821 phone (760) 489-5823 fax 1-888-410-WELD www.kvastainless.com Seam Welded Air-Hardenable Corrosion Resistant Steel

More information

Lecture 5: Heat Treatment of Steel

Lecture 5: Heat Treatment of Steel Lecture 5: Heat Treatment of Steel MMat 380 Lecture outline TTT diagrams (hypo and hyper eutectoid steels) CCT vs TTT diagrams Austenizing Heat Treatments For hypoeutectoid mild steels For hypereutectoid

More information

OUTLINE. Dual phase and TRIP steels. Processing Microstructure Mechanical properties Damage mechanisms Strategies to improve strength and ductililty

OUTLINE. Dual phase and TRIP steels. Processing Microstructure Mechanical properties Damage mechanisms Strategies to improve strength and ductililty OUTLINE Dual phase and TRIP steels Processing Microstructure Mechanical properties Damage mechanisms Strategies to improve strength and ductililty DUAL PHASE STEELS With relatively straightforward thermomechanical

More information

Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials Engineering Materials Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Valentin G. Gavriljuk. Hans Berns High Nitrogen Steels Structure, Properties, Manufacture, Applications With 199 Figures, Springer Prof. Dr.

More information

Kinetics - Heat Treatment

Kinetics - Heat Treatment Kinetics - Heat Treatment Nonequilibrium Cooling All of the discussion up till now has been for slow cooling Many times, this is TOO slow, and unnecessary Nonequilibrium effects Phase changes at T other

More information

STAINLESS STEELS. Chromium and nickel content in the various groups of stainless steels

STAINLESS STEELS. Chromium and nickel content in the various groups of stainless steels These steels contain a high percentage of chromium and sometimes other alloys and have been designed to prevent different types of corrosion. There are two kinds of corrosion: dry corrosion (often named

More information

Metals III. Anne Mertens

Metals III. Anne Mertens "MECA0139-1: Techniques "MECA0462-2 additives : et Materials 3D printing", Selection", ULg, 03/10/2017 25/10/2016 Metals III Anne Mertens Introduction Outline Summary of previous lectures Case study in

More information

Lecture 40. Ultra high strength steel. Lecture 40. Ultra high strength steel

Lecture 40. Ultra high strength steel. Lecture 40. Ultra high strength steel Lecture 40 Ultra high strength steel Lecture 40 Ultra high strength steel 1 Introduction Steel has unique transformation characteristics that allow us to get a wide range of properties with very little

More information

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY UNIT I TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1. Define an alloy. 2. What is a solid solution? 3. Differentiate substitutional and interstitial solid solution with examples? 4. What are

More information

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM

APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS OF Fe-C PHASE DIAGRAM KEY POINTS OF Fe-C Diagram Phases: Liquid Fe-Tmin=1148C @ 4.3%C 1394 C

More information

Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore

Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore Steel Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore Recap Eutectic phase diagram Eutectic phase diagram Eutectic isotherm Invariant point Eutectic Reaction Compositions of components

More information

MSE-226 Engineering Materials

MSE-226 Engineering Materials MSE-226 Engineering Materials Lecture-4 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS-2 CONTINUOUS COOLING TRANSFORMATION (CCT) DIAGRAMS: In industrial heat-treating operations, in most cases a steel is not isothermally

More information

t # 442 SAULT COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS & TECHNOLOGY SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE: METALLURGY CODE NO. MET SEMESTER: FOUR

t # 442 SAULT COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS & TECHNOLOGY SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE: METALLURGY CODE NO. MET SEMESTER: FOUR t # 442 SAULT COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS & TECHNOLOGY SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO COURSE OUTLINE COURSE TITLE: METALLURGY CODE NO. PROGRAM: MET 207-3 SEMESTER: FOUR MECHANICAL TECHNICIAN & MECHANICAL DRFTG.

More information

Their widespread use is accounted for by three factors:

Their widespread use is accounted for by three factors: TYPES OF METAL ALLOYS Metal alloys, by virtue of composition, are often grouped into two classes ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous alloys, those in which iron is the principal constituent, include steels

More information

ME-371/571 ENGINEERING MATERIALS

ME-371/571 ENGINEERING MATERIALS ME-371/571 ENGINEERING MATERIALS Problem Set 2 1. An SAE-AISI 1035 steel alloy is slowly cooled from 950 C to room What is the pro-eutectoid phase, and at what temperature would it first appear? What are

More information

Case Study: Design of Bainitic Steels

Case Study: Design of Bainitic Steels Materials Science & Metallurgy Part II Course C9, Alloys, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Case Study: Design of Bainitic Steels Bainite Summarised Bainite is a non lamellar aggregate of carbides and plate shaped

More information

Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review. Outline. Introduction: Ferrous alloys

Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review. Outline. Introduction: Ferrous alloys Introduction: Ferrous alloys - Review Outline Introduction - Review - Ferritic SS - Austinitic SS - Matensitic SS - Precipitation Hardenable SS Cast Irons - Gray CI - Ductile CI - White CI - Malleable

More information

Heat Treatment and Press Quenching of Steel Alloys

Heat Treatment and Press Quenching of Steel Alloys Heat Treatment and Press Quenching of Steel Alloys Gleason Corporation Arthur Reardon, PhD, PE 2017 Engineering Symposium in Rochester April 18, 2017 1 What is Steel? Steel, in its most basic form, is

More information

Schematic representation of the development of microstructure. during the equilibrium solidification of a 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu alloy

Schematic representation of the development of microstructure. during the equilibrium solidification of a 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu alloy Schematic representation of the development of microstructure during the equilibrium solidification of a 35 wt% Ni-65 wt% Cu alloy At 1300 ºC (point a) the alloy is in the liquid condition This continues

More information

BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING BFF1113 Engineering Materials DR. NOOR MAZNI ISMAIL FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Course Guidelines: 1. Introduction to Engineering Materials 2. Bonding and Properties 3. Crystal Structures & Properties

More information

Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties

Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties Stainless steel describes a family of steels highly resistant to tarnishing and rusting that contain at least two

More information

Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams. Dr. Feras Fraige

Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams. Dr. Feras Fraige Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams Dr. Feras Fraige Chapter Outline Definitions and basic concepts Phases and microstructure Binary isomorphous systems (complete solid solubility) Binary eutectic systems (limited

More information

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNALKULAM DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNALKULAM DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNALKULAM-613303. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING YEAR/SEMESTER:II / IV QUESTION BANK Subject: ME2251-Engineering Materials &Metallurgy UNIT-I PART-A 1. What is an alloy?

More information

Steels Used in Coated Sheet Products

Steels Used in Coated Sheet Products 1. Metallic-Coated Products and Specifications GalvInfoNote 1.8 Steels Used in Coated Sheet Products REV 1.2 DEC 2017 Introduction Zinc and zinc alloy-coated sheet is produced using many different types

More information

Ferrous materials Heat treatments Vocabulary

Ferrous materials Heat treatments Vocabulary Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4885 Third edition 2018-02 Ferrous materials Heat treatments Vocabulary Matériaux ferreux Traitements thermiques Vocabulaire Reference number ISO

More information

Material Degradation of Nuclear Structures Mitigation by Nondestructive Evaluation

Material Degradation of Nuclear Structures Mitigation by Nondestructive Evaluation Material Degradation of Nuclear Structures Mitigation by Nondestructive Evaluation 17 MnMoV 6 4 (WB35): Stretched Zone Material Degradation of Nuclear Structures Mitigation by Nondestructive Evaluation

More information

14ME406/ME 226. Material science &Metallurgy. Hall Ticket Number: Fourth Semester. II/IV B.Tech (Regular/Supplementary) DEGREE EXAMINATION

14ME406/ME 226. Material science &Metallurgy. Hall Ticket Number: Fourth Semester. II/IV B.Tech (Regular/Supplementary) DEGREE EXAMINATION Hall Ticket Number: 14ME406/ME 226 April, 2017 Fourth Semester Time: Three Hours Answer Question No.1 compulsorily. Answer ONE question from each unit. II/IV B.Tech (Regular/Supplementary) DEGREE EXAMINATION

More information

EXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL

EXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL EXPERIMENT 6 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Purpose The purposes of this experiment are to: Investigate the processes of heat treating of steel Study hardness testing and its limits Examine microstructures of

More information

EFFECT OF STABILIZING ELEMENTS ON THE PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR AND PHASE STABILITY OF TYPE 409 FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS. Robert G. Nooning, Jr.

EFFECT OF STABILIZING ELEMENTS ON THE PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR AND PHASE STABILITY OF TYPE 409 FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS. Robert G. Nooning, Jr. EFFECT OF STABILIZING ELEMENTS ON THE PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR AND PHASE STABILITY OF TYPE 409 FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS by Robert G. Nooning, Jr. B.S., University of Pittsburgh, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate

More information

STP672-EB/JUI Index

STP672-EB/JUI Index STP672-EB/JUI. 1979 Index Accelerated cooling in controlled rolling, effect on microstructure and properties in Arctic steels, 112-119 Acicular ferrite, 145-146 Aging In hydrogen environment, 382-392 Precipitation

More information

Metallurgy in Production

Metallurgy in Production In the Name of Allah University of Hormozgan Metallurgy in Production First semester 95-96 Mohammad Ali Mirzai 1 Chapter 6 : the iron carbon phase diagram 2 The Iron-Carbon Alloy Classification 3 The Iron-Carbon

More information

Alloy Steels. Engineering Materials. Introduction : Msc. Shaymaa Mahmood

Alloy Steels. Engineering Materials. Introduction : Msc. Shaymaa Mahmood Alloy Steels Introduction : Steels are, essentially, alloys of iron and carbon, containing up to 1.5 % of carbon. Steel is made by oxidizing away the impurities that are present in the iron produced in

More information

Sample2 EXAM 2 Name Closed book, allowed a 5x7 card, calculator, and brain. Budget your time!

Sample2 EXAM 2 Name Closed book, allowed a 5x7 card, calculator, and brain. Budget your time! MEEN 3344 001 Material Science Sample2 EXAM 2 Name Closed book, allowed a 5x7 card, calculator, and brain. Budget your time! Definitions: (10 terms, each definition is worth 1.5 points, 15 total) Match

More information

3. A copper-nickel diffusion couple similar to that shown in Figure 5.1a is fashioned. After a 700-h heat treatment at 1100 C (1373 K) the

3. A copper-nickel diffusion couple similar to that shown in Figure 5.1a is fashioned. After a 700-h heat treatment at 1100 C (1373 K) the ENT 145 Tutorial 3 1. A sheet of steel 1.8 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200 C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen

More information

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction Callister, William D. ISBN-13: 9780470419977 Table of Contents List of Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Historical Perspective. 1.2 Materials Science and

More information

Material Selection Jacob Klinginsmith, Russ Glass Naomi Sanders, Becky Moffitt

Material Selection Jacob Klinginsmith, Russ Glass Naomi Sanders, Becky Moffitt Material Selection Jacob Klinginsmith, Russ Glass Naomi Sanders, Becky Moffitt The most significant feature of our poster is the slider bar graph at the top of each material category. This quick reference

More information

Types of stainless steel

Types of stainless steel Types of stainless steel Composition (wt%) Applications Types C Ni Cr Mo Ferritic 0.06-0.2-11-30 - Household utensils; Automotive Exhaust Components Heat exchanger Austenitic

More information

Phase Transformation in Materials

Phase Transformation in Materials 2015 Fall Phase Transformation in Materials 09. 02. 2015 Eun Soo Park Office: 33-313 Telephone: 880-7221 Email: espark@snu.ac.kr Office hours: by an appointment 1 Introduction Web lecture assistance: http://etl.snu.ac.kr

More information

ATI 15-7 ATI Technical Data Sheet. Semi-Austenitic Stainless Steel INTRODUCTION

ATI 15-7 ATI Technical Data Sheet. Semi-Austenitic Stainless Steel INTRODUCTION ATI 1-7 Semi-Austenitic Stainless Steel (UNS S1700) INTRODUCTION ATI 1-7 Precipitation Hardening Alloy (S1700, AISI Type 632) is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum-aluminum semi-austenitic precipitation hardening

More information

Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys

Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys Published by uehler, a division of Illinois Tool Works Volume 3, Issue 7 Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys Introduction The microstructure of iron-based alloys is very complicated and diverse, being influenced

More information

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels Introduction and Overview High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, or microalloyed steels, are designed to provide better mechanical properties and/or greater resistance to

More information

CHAPTER 6. Engineering Alloys 1/1/2016. Production of Iron and Steel Production of pig iron. Iron Carbide Phase Diagram.

CHAPTER 6. Engineering Alloys 1/1/2016. Production of Iron and Steel Production of pig iron. Iron Carbide Phase Diagram. CHAPTER 6 Production of Iron and Steel Production of pig iron Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO 2 Ore Coke Blast Furnace Pig iron (Liquid) Engineering Alloys 1 2 Steel Making Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Pig iron

More information

Ferrous Alloys. Metal Alloys. Ferrous. Non ferrous. Grey iron. Carbon Low Alloy High Alloy. Nodular iron White iron Malleable iron Alloy cast irons

Ferrous Alloys. Metal Alloys. Ferrous. Non ferrous. Grey iron. Carbon Low Alloy High Alloy. Nodular iron White iron Malleable iron Alloy cast irons Metal Alloys Most engineering metallic materials are alloys. Metals are alloyed to enhance their properties, such as strength, hardness or corrosion resistance, and to create new properties, such as shape

More information

12. What material is considered the more expensive cousin to steel? Why?

12. What material is considered the more expensive cousin to steel? Why? MEEN 3344 001 Material Science Spring 2003 EXAM 2 Name (1) Closed book, calculator, and brain. Budget your time! Definitions: (10 terms, each definition is worth 1.5 points, 15 total) Match each term up

More information

Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys

Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys Part IB Materials Science & Metallurgy H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia Course A, Metals and Alloys Lecture 11: Metallic Alloys TRIP Steels A phase change can do work; a good example of this is how viruses infect

More information

Module 31. Heat treatment of steel I. Lecture 31. Heat treatment of steel I

Module 31. Heat treatment of steel I. Lecture 31. Heat treatment of steel I Module 31 Heat treatment of steel I Lecture 31 Heat treatment of steel I 1 Keywords : Transformation characteristics of eutectoid steel, isothermal diagram, microstructures of pearlite, bainite and martensite,

More information

Stainless Steel. Patrick Ho, P.Eng, Senior Engineer, Applied Materials

Stainless Steel. Patrick Ho, P.Eng, Senior Engineer, Applied Materials Stainless Steel Patrick Ho, P.Eng, Senior Engineer, Applied Materials March 27, 2018 Outline 1. What is Stainless Steel? 2. Principles 3. Types and Grades 4. Challenges What is Stainless Steel? What is

More information

Introduction to Heat Treatment. Introduction

Introduction to Heat Treatment. Introduction MME444 Heat Treatment Sessional Week 01 Introduction to Heat Treatment Prof. A.K.M.B. Rashid Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Introduction Can you control the microstructure that formed during cooling of

More information

Appendix 3 JIS Steel and Related Standards 471

Appendix 3 JIS Steel and Related Standards 471 Appendix 3 JIS Steel and Related Standards 471 G 3314:1995 G 3315:2002 G 3316:1987 G 3317:1994 G 3318:1994 G 3320:1999 G 3321:1998 G 3322:1998 G 3350:1987 G 3351:1987 G 3352:2003 G 3353:1990 G 3429:1988

More information

11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds.

11.3 The alloying elements in tool steels (e.g., Cr, V, W, and Mo) combine with the carbon to form very hard and wear-resistant carbide compounds. 11-2 11.2 (a) Ferrous alloys are used extensively because: (1) Iron ores exist in abundant quantities. (2) Economical extraction, refining, and fabrication techniques are available. (3) The alloys may

More information

CRYOGENIC TECHNIQUE FOR PROCESSING STEEL TREATMENT Asit Behera* 1

CRYOGENIC TECHNIQUE FOR PROCESSING STEEL TREATMENT Asit Behera* 1 CRYOGENIC TECHNIQUE FOR PROCESSING STEEL TREATMENT Asit Behera* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering C.V.Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar-752054, Odisha, india Ajit Behera*, S.C Mishra and S.K.

More information

Microalloy Steel for Linkage Forgings

Microalloy Steel for Linkage Forgings Microalloy Steel for Linkage Forgings Jennifer R. Brown American Axle & Manufacturing Schedule of Presentation hbackground hmetallurgical Properties of Samples htesting and Evaluation of Results hcomponent

More information

Atomic structure, arrangement, and movement Introduction to Materials Introduction Types of Materials Structure-Property-Processing Relationship

Atomic structure, arrangement, and movement Introduction to Materials Introduction Types of Materials Structure-Property-Processing Relationship Atomic structure, arrangement, and movement to Materials Types of Materials Structure-Property-Processing Relationship Environmental Effects on Material Behavior Materials Design and Selection Atomic Structure

More information

Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials Engineering Materials Lecture 2 MEL120: Manufacturing Practices 1 Selection of Material A particular material is selected is on the basis of following considerations 1. Properties of material 1. Properties

More information

PART 1 MATERIALS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

PART 1 MATERIALS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL PART 1 MATERIALS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL CHAPTER 1 CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS Bruce L. Bramfitt International Steel Group, Inc. Research Laboratories Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 STEEL MANUFACTURE

More information

APPLIED METALLURGY OF THE MICRONIOBIUM ALLOY APPROACH IN LONG AND PLATE PRODUCTS

APPLIED METALLURGY OF THE MICRONIOBIUM ALLOY APPROACH IN LONG AND PLATE PRODUCTS APPLIED METALLURGY OF THE MICRONIOBIUM ALLOY APPROACH IN LONG AND PLATE PRODUCTS Steven G. Jansto CBMM Reference Metals Company 1000 Old Pond Road Bridgeville, PA 15017 USA jansto@referencemetals.com Abstract

More information

STEEL. Classification of steel. Amount of carbon Amount of deoxidization Amount of alloys Depth of hardening. 15-Nov-17. R.D.

STEEL. Classification of steel. Amount of carbon Amount of deoxidization Amount of alloys Depth of hardening. 15-Nov-17. R.D. STEEL Classification of steel Amount of carbon Amount of deoxidization Amount of alloys Depth of hardening 1 On the basis of carbon With increase in carbon following increases Hardness Fatigue resistance

More information

Heat Treating Distortion and Residual Stresses

Heat Treating Distortion and Residual Stresses Heat Treating Distortion and Residual Stresses Explanation of their Generation Mechanism Using Computer Simulation Kyozo Arimoto Arimotech Ltd. Table of Contents Part 1 Chapter 1 Heat treating distortion

More information

Stainless Steel (17/4PH&630) Bar

Stainless Steel (17/4PH&630) Bar SPECIFICATIONS Commercial 17/4 PH EN 1.4542 Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium and nickel containing steels that provide an optimum combination of the properties of martensitic and austenitic

More information