Exercise 6a. Balancing equations

Transcription

1 Exercise 6a Balancing equations Balance the following equations. To get you started _ indicates the first six questions where numbers need to be inserted to achieve the balance. In one or two difficult examples some of the numbers have been added. You will not need to change these. Also remember all the formulae are correct! 1 _ H 2 + O 2 _ H 2 O 2 BaCl 2 + _ NaOH Ba(OH) 2 + _ NaCl 3 H 2 SO 4 + _ KOH _ K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O 4 K 2 CO 3 + _ HCl _KCl + H 2 O + CO 2 5 CaCO 3 + _HNO 3 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 6 Ca + _H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 + H 2 7 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + NaI PbI 2 + NaNO 3 8 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + NaOH Al(OH) 3 + Na 2 SO 4 9 Al(OH) 3 + NaOH NaAlO 2 + H 2 O 10 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 PbO + NO 2 + O 2 UA Workbook for GCE students Moles, Formulae and Equations 65

2 11 FeSO 4 Fe 2 O 3 + SO 2 + SO 3 12 NH 4 NO 3 N 2 O + H 2 O 13 NaNO 3 NaNO 2 + O 2 14 CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 15 C 4 H 10 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 16 PCl 3 + H 2 O H 3 PO 3 + HCl 17 8HNO 3 + 3Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + NO + H 2 O 18 4HNO 3 + Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + NO 2 + H 2 O 19 H 3 PO 4 + NaOH NaH 2 PO 4 + H 2 O 20 H 3 PO 4 + NaOH Na 3 PO 4 + H 2 O 21 H 3 PO 4 + NaOH Na 2 HPO 4 + H 2 O 22 6NaOH + Cl 2 NaClO 3 + NaCl + H 2 O 66 UA Workbook for GCE students Moles, Formulae and Equations

3 23 N 2 + H 2 NH 3 24 NaBr + H 2 SO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + HBr 25 HBr + H 2 SO 4 H 2 O + SO 2 + Br 2 26 C 2 H 5 OH + PCl 3 C 2 H 5 Cl + H 3 PO 3 27 Fe 3 O 4 + H 2 Fe + H 2 O 28 Fe 2 O 3 + CO Fe + CO 2 29 C 2 H 5 OH + CH 3 CO 2 H CH 3 CO 2 C 2 H 5 + H 2 O 30 2KMnO 4 + HCl MnCl 2 + Cl 2 + 8H 2 O + KCl UA Workbook for GCE students Moles, Formulae and Equations 67

4 Exercise 8 Calculations of products/reactants based on equations In this exercise the equations you need are given in the question, unless they were included in Exercise 6a. 1 What mass of barium sulphate would be produced from 10 g of barium chloride in the following reaction? BaCl 2 + H 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 + 2HCl 2 What mass of potassium chloride would be produced from 20 g of potassium carbonate? 3 What masses of ethanol and ethanoic acid would need to be reacted together to give 1 g of ethyl ethanoate? 4 What mass of iron(iii) oxide would need to be reduced to produce 100 tonnes of iron in a blast furnace? 5 What mass of silver nitrate as a solution in water would need to be added to 5 g of sodium chloride to ensure complete precipitation of the chloride? AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO 3 (aq) 6 A solution of copper sulphate reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to produce a precipitate of copper hydroxide according to the following equation: CuSO 4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Cu(OH) 2 (s) + Na 2 SO 4 (aq) What mass of sodium hydroxide would be needed to convert g of copper sulphate to copper hydroxide and what mass of copper hydroxide would be produced? 7 What volume of ammonia gas would be needed to produce 40 g of ammonium nitrate in the following reaction? NH 3 (g) + HNO 3 (aq) NH 4 NO 3 (aq) 8 In the reaction between calcium carbonate and nitric acid what mass of calcium nitrate and what volume of carbon dioxide would be produced from 33.3 g of calcium carbonate? UA Workbook for GCE students Moles, Formulae and Equations 83

5 9 What would be the total volume of gas produced by the action of heat on 33.1 g of lead(ii) nitrate? 10 Magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid to produce a solution of magnesium sulphate. If this is allowed to crystallise out the solid produced has the formula MgSO 4.7H 2 O. Write the equation for this reaction and calculate the mass of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate that could be produced from 4 g of magnesium. 11 Copper(II) oxide reacts with sulphuric acid to produce copper(ii) sulphate. If this is allowed to crystallise the formula of the crystals is CuSO 4.5H 2 O. What mass of copper oxide would be needed to produce 100 g of crystals? 12 Sulphur dioxide can be removed from the waste gases of a power station by passing it through a slurry of calcium hydroxide. The equation for this reaction is: SO 2 (g) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaSO 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) What mass of calcium hydroxide would be needed to deal with 1000 dm 3 of sulphur dioxide? 13 In a fermentation reaction glucose is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide according to the following equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 What mass of alcohol and what volume of carbon dioxide would be produced from 10 g of glucose? 14 In the following reactions calculate the mass of precipitate formed from 20 g of the metal salt in each case. (i) ZnSO 4 (aq) + 2NaOH Zn(OH) 2 (s) + Na 2 SO 4 (aq) (ii) Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) + 6NaOH 2 Al(OH) 3 (s) + 3Na 2 SO 4 (aq) (iii) MgSO 4 (aq) + 2NaOH Mg(OH) 2 (s) + Na 2 SO 4 (aq) 15 What volume of hydrogen would be produced by 1 g of calcium in its reaction with water? 16 What mass of magnesium would be needed to produce 100 cm 3 of hydrogen? 84 UA Workbook for GCE students Moles, Formulae and Equations