APPLICATIONS. (229mm) (254mm) (305mm) (355mm) PRODUCT NUMBERS PRODUCT DETAILS

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1 The first step in metallographic sample preparation consists in sectioning a sample from a larger given piece to obtain a representative crosssection. Sectioning a material without causing structural changes defines the perfect cut. Abrasive cut-off wheels are made of abrasive particles bonded with a resin, a resin/rubber or a rubber matrix. They are designed to wear away, continuously exposing sharp new abrasive particles. A "Soft" wheel is used for cutting hard and brittle materials. It provides new surfaces of cutting abrasives more rapidly while the bond breaks down. The "Hard " wheel has a slower break down bond rate, which is suitable for soft and ductile materials. Adequate cooling is required to remove debris and avoid thermal damages to the sample. The careful combination of particle type, particle size and wheel hardness helps prevent burns and distortions, yet provide maximum useful life. Cutting requires a sufficient amount of pressure to be applied to the abrasive wheel while cutting, excessive pressure will cause the abrasive wheel to stall or break. Cut-off wheels with aluminum oxide as the abrasive are generally used for cutting ferrous samples, alloys and most other metals. Silicon carbide is recommended for non-ferrous and other nonmetallic materials. 9" 10" 12" 14" APPLICATIONS (229mm) (254mm) (305mm) (355mm) PRODUCT S HRC60+, Carburized Steel, Tool Steel HRC50-65 Hard Steel. CW CW CW CW HRC45-60, Hard Steel HRC35-50, Soft or Annealed Steel. CW CW CW CW HRC30-45, Medium Hard Steel HRC up to 35. CW CW CW CW HRC20-35, Soft or Annealed Steel Ultrathin, Delicate Hard Non-Ferrous, Glass, Mineral Med. Non-Ferrous, Uranium, Titanium, Zirconium Med. Non-Ferrous, Titanium, Zirconium. CW09-Ti10 CW10-Ti10 CW12-Ti10 CW14-Ti10 Soft Non-Ferrous, Aluminum, Brass Soft Non-Ferrous, Aluminum, Brass. CW09-NF10 CW10-NF10 CW12-NF10 CW14-NF10 Ferrous, HRC A-12 Ferrous, HRC B-12 Non-Ferrous. 118C-12 PRODUCT DETAILS 1

2 VERY HARD Stock, HRC 60 and up. RECOMMENDED USE: Carburized Steel, Tool Steel " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) HARD Stock, HRC RECOMMENDED USE: Hard Steel. Resin COLOR CW " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Yellow CW " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Yellow CW " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Yellow CW " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Yellow HARD Stock, HRC RECOMMENDED USE: Hard Steel " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) RE 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) A 12" (305mm) 0.062" (1.5mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) 2

3 MEDIUM Stock, HRC RECOMMENDED USE: Medium to Hard Steel. Resin COLOR CW " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Orange CW " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Orange CW " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Orange CW " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Orange MEDIUM Stock, HRC RECOMMENDED USE: Medium to Hard Steel " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) SOFT Stock, HRC up to 35. RECOMMENDED USE: Soft Steel. Resin COLOR CW " (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Red CW " (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Red CW " (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Red CW " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Red 3

4 SOFT Stock, HRC RECOMMENDED USE: Soft or Annealed Steel. Resin/Rubber " (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) ULTRATHIN, DELICATE. RECOMMENDED USE: Delicate Cutting. Rubber " (229mm) 0.032" (0.8mm) " (254mm) 0.032" (0.8mm) " (305mm) 0.045" (1.1mm) HARD NON - FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Glass, Mineral. Rubber " (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) 4

5 MEDIUM NON - FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Uranium, Titanium, Zirconium. Rubber " (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) MEDIUM NON - FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Titanium, Zirconium. Resin CW09-Ti10 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) CW10- Ti10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) CW12- Ti10 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) CW14- Ti10 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) SOFT NON - FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Aluminum, Brass. Rubber " (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm) " (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) 5

6 SOFT NON FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Aluminum, Brass. Resin COLOR CW09- NF10 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Green CW10- NF10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Green CW12- NF10 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Green CW14- NF10 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Green FERROUS, HRC50 +. RECOMMENDED USE: Super and Ferrous Alloys inch (35mm) 118A " (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm) FERROUS, HRC50 -. RECOMMENDED USE: Ferrous Alloys below HRC inch (35mm) 118B-12 12" (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm) 6

7 NON - FERROUS. RECOMMENDED USE: Non-ferrous Alloys inch (35mm) 118C-12 12" (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm) 7

8 SELECTION OF SMALL ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Blade size Aluminum Oxide Silicon Carbide 4" x 0.030" x 0.5" " x 0.030" x 0.5" " x 0.030" x 0.5" " x 0.030" x 0.5" " x 0.060" x 0.5" " x 0.030" x 0.5" PRODUCT DETAILS SMALL WHEELS. Aluminum oxide 0.5 inch (12.7mm) " (102mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (127mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (152mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (178mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (203mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (178mm) 0.06" (1.5 mm) SMALL WHEELS. Silicon carbide 0.5 inch (12.7mm) Rubber " (102mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (127mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (152mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (178mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (203mm) 0.03" (0.76mm) " (178mm) 0.06" (1.5 mm) 8

9 SELECTION OF DIAMOND WHEELS Resin Bond Diamond concentration Metal Bond Diamond concentration Wheel size High Medium Low High Medium Low 8" x 0.035" x 1.25" 140R R R M M M- 8 10" x 0.050" x 1.25" 140R R R M M M-10 12" x 0.070" x 1.25" 140R R R M M M-12 Diamond wheels are available in resin and metal bond. The wheels have diamond particles bonded on the matrix along outside diameter. The metal bond wheel is recommended for brittle material. The resin bond is usually recommended for sintered material. Product details DIAMOND WHEELS. RESIN BOND Each PRODUCT PRODUCT PRODUCT DIAMETER THICKNESS 140R R R- 8 8" (203mm) 0.035" (1.14mm) 140R R R-10 10" (254mm) 0.05" (1.27mm) 140R R R-12 12" (305mm) 0.07" (1.78mm) DIAMOND WHEELS. METAL BOND Each PRODUCT PRODUCT PRODUCT DIAMETER THICKNESS 140M M M- 8 8" (203mm) 0.035" (1.14mm) 140M M M-10 10" (254mm) 0.05" (1.27mm) 140M M M-12 12" (305mm) 0.07" (1.78mm) 9

10 SELECTION OF WAFERING DIAMOND WHEELS Wheel size Metal Bond Diamond concentration Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) High Medium Low 3" x 0.006" x 0.5" 140M-3 142M-3 141M " x 0.012" x 0.5" 140M-4 142M-4 141M " x 0.015" x 0.5" 140M-5 142M-5 141M " x 0.020" x 0.5" 140M-6 142M-6 141M " x 0.025" x 0.5" 140M-7 142M-7 141M " x 0.045" x 0.5" 140M-8 142M-8 141M Wafering blades made of metal have diamond particles bound along the outside edge of the blade. The diamond blades are available in a resin or a metal bond. For sectioning with a wafering blade, a rpm speed and an adequate coolant should be selected. The pressure to the wheel/sample contact point should not be applied with excessive force. To remove any metal debris, it is recommended to dress the wafering blade using a dressing stick. Metal Bond blades are recommended for alumina, ceramics, nitrides, zirconia, electronic packaging and soft metal base alloys. The Cubic Boron Nitride blades are considered to be a long term wheel and are designed for ferrous and nickel-based super-alloys. Product details METAL BOND. Wafering diamond wheels 0.5 inch (12.7mm) Each. PRODUCT PRODUCT PRODUCT DIAMETER THICKNESS 140M-3 141M-3 142M-3 3" ( 76mm) 0.006" (0.15mm) 140M-4 141M-4 142M-4 4" (102mm) 0.012" (0.30mm) 140M-5 141M-5 142M-5 5" (127mm) 0.015" (0.38mm) 140M-6 141M-6 142M-6 6" (152mm) 0.020" (0.50mm) 140M-7 141M-7 142M-7 7" (178mm) 0.025" (0.60mm) 140M-8 141M-8 142M-8 8" (203mm) 0.045" (0.70mm) 10

11 CUBIC BORON NITRIDE. Wheels 0.5 inch (12.7mm) Each. Cubic Boron Nitride is second in hardness only to the diamond. With very high thermal stability and resistance to chemical attack, CBN is widely used for cutting a variety of ferrous materials " ( 76mm) 0.006" (0.15mm) " (102mm) 0.012" (0.30mm) " (127mm) 0.015" (0.38mm) " (152mm) 0.020" (0.50mm) " (178mm) 0.025" (0.60mm) 11

12 SELECTION OF ACCESSORIES Dressing sticks. Cutting solutions. Product details DRESSING STICKS Dressing sticks are formulated from silicon carbide or alumina oxide and are usually used for dressing diamond wheels. To make sure the diamond particles are exposed properly, the wheel must be dressed frequently. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION SIZE UNIT 151 Diamond Dressing Stick, 0.5" x 0.5" x 6" Diamond Dressing Stick, 0.5" x 0.5" x 6" Diamond Dressing Stick, 1" x 1" x 6" Diamond Dressing Stick, 1" x 1" x 6" 1 CUTTING SOLUTIONS There are two recommended cutting solutions sectioning. Rust/Coolant Inhibitor is used when sectioning samples using large loads at high speeds. The coolant should be directed at the contact point between the section being cut and the abrasive wheel. The flow should be uniform on both sides of the wheel. Cutting oil is used when performing precision sectioning at low speeds. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION METRIC UNIT L 32 oz. Cutting Oil L 1 gal L 32 oz Rust/Coolant Inhibitor. 3.8 L 1 gal L 5 gal. 12