Batteries. Self contained electrochemical cell. Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery) ! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)
|
|
- Roger Gordon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Batteries Self contained electrochemical cell! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)! Secondary batteries (rechargeable)! Research Needed to Improve Batteries: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 1 Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery) Anode: Zn(s) Zn(s)! Zn 2+ (aq) + 2e - Cathode: NH 4 Cl + MnO 2 + graphite paste 2NH 4+ (aq) + 2MnO 2 (s) + 2e -! Mn 2 O 3 (s) + 2NH 3 (aq) + H 2 O CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 2
2 Battery Connection in Series Total emf is the sum of the individual emf s CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 3 Dry Cell Battery: Alkaline Version ALKALINE CELL BATTERY: NH 4 Cl is replaced by KOH. Provides up to 50% more energy. Zn is used as a powder mixed with the electrolyte. Anode: Zn(s) + 2OH -! Zn(OH) 2 (aq) + 2e - Cathode: 2H 2 O(s) + 2MnO 2 (s) + 2e -!2MnO(OH)(s) + 2OH - (aq) CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 4
3 DURING DISCHARGE: Lead/Acid Batteries Anode: E Pb(s) + SO 4 2- (aq)! PbSO 4 (s) + 2e - Cathode: PbO 2 (s) + SO 4 2- (aq) + 4H + + 2e -! PbSO 4 (s) + 2H 2 O Overall: Pb(s) + PbO 2 (s) + 2H 2 SO 4! 2PbSO 4 (s) + 2H 2 O CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 5 12 V Automotive Lead-Acid Battery CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 6
4 Rechargeable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Anode: Cd metal Cd(s) + 2OH - (aq)! Cd(OH) 2 (s) + 2e - Cathode: NiO 2 (s) NiO 2 (s) + 2H 2 O + 2e -! Ni(OH) 2 (s) + 2OH - (aq) Overall: E = Cd(s) + NiO 2 (s) + 2H 2 O! Cd(OH) 2 (s) + Ni(OH) 2 (s) PROBLEMS: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 7 NiMH: Batteries: Rechargeable Metal Hydride During Discharge: Cathode: NiO(OH)(s) NiO(OH)(s) + 2H 2 O + 2e!! Ni(OH) 2 (s) + 2OH! Anode: NiMH MH + OH!!H 2 O + M + e! NiMH= Nickel + metal alloy with dissolved H atoms M = ZrNi 2 or LaNi 5 (intermetallic compounds) E 0 cell = 1.2 V Advantages: Light weight, Last longer Uses: Batteries in hybrid cars CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 8
5 Batteries: Rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery During Discharge: Anode: solid (in graphite) Li(s)! Li + + e - Cathode : Li + + CoO 2 + e -! LiCoO 2 Overall: Li(s) + CoO 2! LiCoO 2 E 0 cell = 3.7 V Advantages: Light weight, high energy density Uses: Cell phones, laptops CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 9 Hydrogen Oxygen FUEL CELL Assets: Drawbacks: Anode: 2H 2 (g) + 4OH - (aq)! 4H 2 O(l) + 4e - Cathode: O 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) + 4e -! 4OH - (aq) Overall: 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)! 2H 2 O(l) E 0 cell = 1.23 V CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 10
6 Sample Problem: What is E cell for a fuel cell running in air (P O2 = 0.2 atm), at ph = 2, with P H2 = 1 atm? O 2 (g) + 4 H + (aq) + 4e!! 2 H 2 O(l) E o red = V 2 H + (aq) + 2e!! H 2 (g) E o red = 0 CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 11 Methanol Fuel Cells Methanol can be made from CO 2 + H 2. Use of CO 2 sequestered from power plants Carbon neutral fuel Anode: CH 3 OH (g) + H 2 O(g)! CO 2 (g)+ 6H + + 6e - Cathode: 3/2 O 2 (g) + 6H + + 6e -! 3H 2 O(g) Overall: CH 3 OH (g) + 3/2 O 2 (g)! CO 2 (g)+ 2H 2 O(l) Assets: Drawbacks: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 12
7 Corrosion: Spontaneous electrochemical process! What is needed for corrosion to occur? (besides Fe)! How do we prevent corrosion? CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 13 Corrosion E E Overall reaction in acid: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 14
8 How Can Corrosion Be Prevented? Cathodic Protection CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 15 Corrosion CATHODIC PROTECTION OF IRON Galvanized Steel: Tin cans: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 16
9 Corrosion CATHODIC PROTECTION OF IRON PIPES CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 17 Definition: ELECTROLYSIS An electrolytic cell consists of two electrodes in: Electrolysis forces the reaction to run in the reverse: The anode: The cathode: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 18
10 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROLYSIS: Production of metals Na Al Purification of Metals Cu Electroplating Ag Au CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 19 ELECTROLYSIS OF MOLTEN NaCl What are the reactions at the electrodes? E Cathode: Anode: Overall: CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 20
11 ELECTROLYSIS OF AQUEOUS NaCl ********What species are present in the system? E Which will be the CATHODE? Which will be the ANODE? What are the reactions at the electrodes? Cathode: Anode: Overall: What is left behind? THIS IS THE CHLOR-ALKALAI PROCESS; 3-5% OF WORLD S ELECTRICITY USED TO DRIVE THIS REACTION CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 21 ELECTROLYSIS OF AQUEOUS Na 2 SO 4 DOES THIS PROCESS PRODUCE Na(s)? ********What species are present in the system? E Which will be the CATHODE? Which will be the ANODE? What are the reactions at the electrodes? Cathode: Anode: Overall: What is left behind? CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 22
12 Electrometallurgy of Aluminum Hall Process Electrolysis Cell is used to produce aluminum. Problem: Al 2 O 3 melts at 2000 C. Why is this a problem? Solution: molten cryolite, Na 3 AlF 6 What happens to a melting point when impurities are added? Anode: C(s) + 2O 2- (l)! CO 2 (g) + 4e - Cathode: 3e - + Al 3+ (l)! Al(l) What happens to the graphite rods during the reaction? To produce 1000 kg of Al, we need:! kg of bauxite,!!! kg of cryolite, kg of C anodes of energy. CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 23 Electrorefining of Copper: What are the reactions at the electrodes? Anode: impure Cu ore; mixture of metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Ag, Au, Pb...) Cathode: thin sheet of pure Cu As the electrolysis reaction proceeds, what happens to Cu? Other metals? CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 24
13 ELECTROLYSIS CALCULATIONS 1 mole of e - = charge of 1 Faraday = 96,485 Coulombs = charge on 1 mole of e - 1 Ampere = 1 coulomb/second 1 coulomb = 1 Amp-sec Electromotive Force (EMF) = Cell potential force that causes electrons to flow (voltage) 1 Watt = 1 Amp-Volt 1 Joule = 1 coul-volt = 1 Amp-sec-Volt = 1 Watt-sec 1 kw-hour = (1000 Watt)(3600 sec) = 3.6 x 10 6 Watt-sec = 3.6 x 10 6 Joules! CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 25 ELECTROLYSIS CALCULATIONS If Electrolysis gives 1.00 g of Cu (63.54 g/mol) from CuSO 4 according to the following reaction, How many Faradays (F) of charge are required? Cu e -! Cu How many Coulombs of charge is this? CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 26
14 CALCULATIONS CONTINUED If 1.00 g of Cu is obtained in 1 hour using C of charge, how many amps of current are required? If 2 amps were used, how long would it take to produce 1 g of Cu? How can we calculate the maximum amount of work required to run an electrolytic cell?! CHEM112 LRSVDS Batteries and Corrosion 27
Batteries. Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery) Self contained electrochemical cell. ! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)
Batteries Self contained electrochemical cell Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery)! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)! Secondary batteries (rechargeable) Anode: Zn(s)! Research Needed to Improve Batteries:
More informationUnit 5 Review Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection
Unit 5 Review Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage. 1. Zn / Mg electrochemical
More informationEnergy From Electron Transfer. Chemistry in Context
Energy From Electron Transfer Chemistry in Context Energy Types Batteries Hybrid Cars (Electrical) H 2 (and Other) Fuel Cells Solar Fuel Cell Car Demo H 2 Fuel Cell Reactions Step 1: H 2 (g) 2H + (aq)
More informationEMA4303/5305 Electrochemical Engineering Lecture 05 Applications (1)
EMA4303/5305 Electrochemical Engineering Lecture 05 Applications (1) Prof. Zhe Cheng Mechanical & Materials Engineering Florida International University Corrosion Definition Electrochemical attack of metals
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY SPONTANEOUS REDOX REACTIONS APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS BATTERIES A galvanic cell, or series of combined galvanic cells, that can be used as a source of direct
More informationUNIT-I ELECTROCHEMISTRY PART-A
UNIT-I ELECTROCHEMISTRY PART-A 1. What is electrochemistry? 2. What do you understand by electrode potential? 3. Define E.M.F of an electrochemical cell? 4. Define (a) Single electrode potential (b) Standard
More informationThere s also got to be a wire, but that s kind of taken for granted.
RedOx Pt 2 Electrochemical Cells (AKA simple batteries) An electrochemical cell has 3 major components: 1. The Cathode (and it s corresponding solution) 2. The Anode (and it s corresponding solution) 3.
More information!"#$%&'"()*)+,-./ #%0""4&5(+ 6708%#&+9,.,+:+9;.9++ non-spontaneous reactions by applying electrical energy.
!"#$%&'"()*),-./ 012 3#%0""4&5( 6708%#&9,.,:9;.9 3
More informationThermodynamics and Electrode Potential ME Dr. Zuhair M. Gasem
Thermodynamics and Electrode Potential ME 472-062 Copyright Dr. Zuhair M. Gasem Corrosion Science and Engineering 2 Corrosion Science Engineering: corrosion forms, and controlling methods Chpater2 Thermodynamics
More informationElectrochemical cells use spontaneous redox reactions to convert chemical energy to electrical energy.
ELECTROLYSIS: -the process of supplying electrical energy to a molten ionic compound or a solution containing ions so as to produce a chemical change (causing a non-spontaneous chemical reaction to occur).
More informationElectrochemistry Written Response
Electrochemistry Written Response January 1999 7. Balance the following redox reaction in acidic solution: RuO 4 + P Ru(OH) 2 2+ + H 3 PO 3 (acid) (3 marks) 8. A technician tests the concentration of methanol,
More informationElectricity and Chemistry
Electricity and Chemistry Electrochemistry: It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the reactions involving the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice-versa. Electrochemical
More informationExplain whether this process is oxidation or reduction.
1 Electroplating steel objects with silver involves a three-step process. step 1 A coating of copper is applied to the object. step 2 A coating of nickel is applied to the object. step 3 The coating of
More informationSn 2+ (aq) + 2 Ag + (aq) Sn 4+ (aq) + 2 Ag(s),
1. Which change in oxidation number represents oxidation? A) Sn 2+ (aq) Sn 4+ (aq) B) Sn 2+ (aq) Sn(s) C) Sn 4+ (aq) Sn 2+ (aq) D) Sn 4+ (aq) Sn(s) E) Sn(s) Sn 2 (aq) 2. In the reaction Sn 2+ (aq) + 2
More informationChemistry 2000 Lecture 16: Batteries and fuel cells
Chemistry 2000 Lecture 16: Batteries and fuel cells Marc R. Roussel February 27, 2018 Marc R. Roussel Batteries and fuel cells February 27, 2018 1 / 12 Batteries Cells and batteries We have already seen
More informationWet Cells, Dry Cells, Fuel Cells
page 2 page 3 Teacher's Notes Wet Cells, Dry Cells, Fuel Cells How the various electrochemical cells work Grades: 7-12 Duration: 33 mins Program Summary This video is an introductory program outlining
More informationChem 1120 Pretest 3 Fall 2015
Chem 1120 Pretest 3 Fall 2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following solubility product expressions is incorrect? a. Cu
More informationCHEMISTRY 112 EXAM 3 JUNE 17, 2011 FORM A
CHEMISTRY 112 EXAM 3 JUNE 17, 2011 FORM A 1. Consider the following reaction: A + B C + D What are the signs of ΔH and ΔS for the reaction to always be spontaneous? ΔH ΔS A. + + B. C. + D. + 2. What is
More informationMAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) Answer
(ISO/IEC - 700-005 Certified) SUMMER 7 EXAMINATION Model ject Code: 7 Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer
More informationMETALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS Metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron loss, while non-metals are elements whose atoms ionize by electron gain. Metals are in groups 1, 2 and 3 of the periodic table.
More informationZAHID IQBAL WARRAICH
Q1 (a) What do you understand by the term standard electrode potential? (b) The following cell was set up between a copper electrode and an unknown metal electrode M2+(aq) /M(s). The standard cell potential
More informationBASICS OF CORROSION. Dr. Ramazan Kahraman
BASICS OF CORROSION Reading Material: Chapter 1 in Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, Denny Jones, Prentice-Hall, 1996. Dr. Ramazan Kahraman Chemical Engineering Department King Fahd University of
More informationWhat happens if we connect Zn and Pt in HCl solution? Corrosion of platinum (Pt) in HCl. 1. If Zn and Pt are not connected
Corrosion of platinum (Pt) in HCl Now if we place a piece of Pt in HCl, what will happen? Pt does not corrode does not take part in the electrochemical reaction Pt is a noble metal Pt acts as a reference
More informationT H E E U R O P E A N P O R T A B L E B A T T E R Y A S S O C I A T I O N. Product Information Primary and Rechargeable Batteries
T H E E U R O P E A N P O R T A B L E B A T T E R Y A S S O C I A T I O N Product Information Primary and Rechargeable Batteries Introduction The following document provides product information on portable
More informationNATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD (GENERAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION) MAY/JUNE 2007 SECTION B CHEMISTRY (ESSAY) TIME: 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES
NATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD (GENERAL EDUCATION EXAMINATION) MAY/JUNE 2007 SECTION B CHEMISTRY (ESSAY) TIME: 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES 1. (a) Give THREE differences between a physical and
More informationCORROSION of Metals CORROSION CORROSION. Outline ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Why does corrosion occur? What metals are most likely to corrode?
Outline Corrosion - Introduction Corrosion of Metals - e.g. Rusting of iron in water Electrochemical Cell Electrode Potential in Electrochemical Cell Standard Electromotive Force Example Relative Corrosion
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF ELECTROLYSIS 1.Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a substance (electrolyte) by an electric current 2.Electrodes : Anode (
ELECTROCHEMISTRY AS Redox reactions Oxidation : loses electrons/oxidation number increases /loses hydrogen/accepts oxygen Reduction : accepts electrons/oxidation number decreases /accepts hydrogen/loses
More informationKenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
Name: Index No. School:. Candidate s Sign.... Date:... 233/2 CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 JULY/AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.) Chemistry Paper 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
More informationChapter 20 CHEMISTRY. Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals. Dr. Ibrahim Suleiman
CHEMISTRY Chapter 20 Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals Dr. Ibrahim Suleiman GENERAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF METALS opaque good conductors of heat and electricity high malleability and ductility
More informationSUMMER-2015 Examination Subject Code: Model Answer : Applied Science (Chemistry) Page No: 1/14 Que. No.
Subject Code: 7 : Applied Science (Chemistry) Page No: / Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
More informationCO forms CO 2. forms. (a) The coke reacts with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide. C + O 2
1 Iron is extracted from the ore hematite in the Blast Furnace. waste gases firebrick lining raw materials: coke, C iron ore, Fe 2 O 3 limestone, CaCO 3 CO forms air slag molten iron CO 2 forms (a) The
More informationGraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical changes
A. Reactivity of metals The reactivity series, metal oxides and extractions 1. Three metals, X, Y and Z were put into water. The reactions are shown below: a) Use the diagrams to put metals X, Y and Z
More informationExtracting Metals by Electrolysis
Extracting Metals by Electrolysis 1 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Extracting Metals by Electrolysis 2 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Methods of extracting metals 3 of 17 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Most metals are found
More informationliquid catalyst in a solution gas catalyst in the gas phase
Famous Catalysts As we discussed when examining the Arrhenius equation K= A exp (-Ea/RT) one important factor in the rate of reaction is the activation energy. The larger E a, the smaller k and the slower
More informationCHEM 521 Analytical Electrochemistry TOPIC 4 Nov 28, Electrochemical energy storage and conversion
CHEM 521 Analytical Electrochemistry TOPIC 4 Nov 28, 2016 Electrochemical energy storage and conversion Batteries and Electrochemical Capacitors Daniel A. Scherson and Attila Palencsár The Electrochemical
More informationQUESTION 1 One difference in the electrode reactions of an electrolytic cell compared to a galvanic cell is:
QUESTION 1 One difference in the electrode reactions of an electrolytic cell compared to a galvanic cell is: Oxidation occurs at the cathode and reduction at the anode Oxidation occurs at the positive
More informationPROF. DR. M.M. B. EL SABBAH AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
PROF. DR. M.M. B. EL SABBAH AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT 2016 PRINCIPLES OF CORROSION ELECTROCHEMICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES OF CORROSION Content 1. Definition of corrosion.
More informationTopic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS. Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling
Topic 2.7 EXTRACTION OF METALS Extraction of Iron Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Titanium Recycling EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES Most metals do not occur native. They exist in compounds, usually
More informationRusting is an example of corrosion, which is a spontaneous redox reaction of materials with substances in their environment.
CORROSION WHAT IS CORROSION? Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reactions between it and the surrounding environment. Rusting is an example of corrosion, which is a spontaneous
More informationGeneral Principle of Isolation of Elements (NCERT)
Question 6.1: Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain. The reduction potentials of zinc and iron are lower than that of copper. In hydrometallurgy, zinc and iron can be used to
More informationExperimental technique. Revision 1. Electroplating an iron key with copper metal
Experimental technique. Revision 1 Electroplating an iron key with copper metal Aim To investigate whether Faraday s laws apply to the electroplating of a brass key with nickel Procedure The apparatus
More informationElectrical conductivity
Electrical conductivity Ohm's Law: voltage drop (volts = J/C) C = Coulomb A (cross sect. area) ΔV = I R Resistivity, ρ and Conductivity, σ: -- geometry-independent forms of Ohm's Law resistance (Ohms)
More informationVidyalankar F.Y. Diploma : Sem. II [CD/CM/CO/CW/DE/ED/EE/EI/EJ/EN/EP/ET/EV/EX/IC/IE/IF/IS/IUMU] Applied Chemistry
F.Y. Diploma : Sem. II [CD/CM/CO/CW/DE/ED/EE/EI/EJ/EN/EP/ET/EV/EX/IC/IE/IF/IS/IUMU] Applied Chemistry Time : 2 Hrs. Prelim Question Paper Solution Marks : 50 Q.1Attempt any NINE of the following: [18]
More informationQuestion 6.1: Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain. The reduction potentials of zinc and iron are lower than that of copper. In hydrometallurgy, zinc and iron can be used to
More informationElectrical conductivity
Electrical conductivity Ohm's Law: voltage drop (volts = J/C) C = Coulomb A (cross sect. area) ΔV = I R Resistivity, ρ and Conductivity, σ: -- geometry-independent forms of Ohm's Law resistance (Ohms)
More informationcarbon anode/+ (1) electrolyte Al 2 O 3 with or dissolved in or solution in cathode/ (1) (steel outer)
1. Aluminium occurs as bauxite, which contains aluminium oxide with impurities mainly of iron (III) oxide and silica. (a) (b) (c) Outline how bauxite is processed to give pure aluminium oxide, showing
More informationGENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCE ISOLATION ISOL ELEMENTS
Unit 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCE PR OCESSE SSES S OF ISOLATION ISOL OF ELEMENTS I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. In the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of brine. oxidation of Cl ion to
More informationChapter 5. Oxidation Reduction Chemistry
Chapter 5. Oxidation and Reduction Redox Terminology Oxidation Number Rules Determination of Oxidation Numbers from Electronegativities The Difference Between Oxidation Number and Formal Charge Periodic
More informationI. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. PROPERTY METALS NON-METALS 1.Lustre Metals have shining surface. They do not have shining surface.
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals on the basis of their properties. Example of some metals are : Iron (Fe), Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu) Examples of some non-metals are :
More informationnot to be republished NCERT GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCE ISOLATION ISOL ELEMENTS Unit I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)
I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. In the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of brine. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) oxidation of Cl ion to chlorine gas occurs. reduction of Cl ion to chlorine gas occurs.
More informationI. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY METALS NON-METALS
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals on the basis of their properties. Example of some metals are : Iron (Fe), Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu) Examples of some non-metals are :
More informationElectro-refining: How it Works
Sign In Forgot Password Register username username password password Sign In If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. ChemWiki
More informationVoltaic Cells. An Energizing Experience. Using the energy of a spontaneous redox reaction to do work. aka Galvanic Cells.
Voltaic Cells aka Galvanic Cells Using the energy of a spontaneous redox reaction to do work. Chapter 20 An Energizing Experience 1 A piece of copper is dropped into an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate,
More informationExtracting and using metals. ores. native. Only the most unreactive metals such as gold and platinum are found as native metals.
Extracting and using metals Only the most unreactive metals such as gold and platinum are found as native metals. ores All the other metals we use are extracted from their ores by chemical processes. native
More informationApplications of electrochemistry
Applications of electrochemistry Electrochemistry has a number of different uses, particularly in industry. The principles of cells are used to makeelectrical batteries. In science and technology, a battery
More informationIntroduction Fuel Cells
Introduction Fuel Cells Fuel cell applications PEMFC PowerCell AB, S2 PEMFC, 5-25 kw Toyota Mirai a Fuel Cell Car A look inside The hydrogen tank 1. Inside Layer of polymer closest to the H2 gas 2. Intermediate
More informationGENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
INTEXT QUESTIONS GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS Question 6.1: Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method? If the ore or the gangue
More informationBoiling point in C. Colour in aqueous solution. Fluorine 188 colourless. Chlorine 35 pale green. Bromine X orange.
Q1.This question is about halogens and their compounds. The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Element Boiling point in C Colour
More informationCHAPTER 23: CORROSION
CHAPTER 23: CORROSION AND DEGRADATION CORROSION Corrosion: The corrosion is the deterioration of the metals (oxidation) in different environments in presence of oxygen. Anodic reaction: M M +n + ne - Cathodic
More information85 Q.14 In which of the following substances does nitrogen have the lowest oxidation number?
Redox and electrolysis / Section 3 / Sect3pp.doc / S. W. Tse / P.1 85 Q.5 The element with an atomic number of 19 is likely to be A. an oxidizing agent. B. a reducing agent. C. a non-metal. D. chemically
More informationEXTRACTION OF METALS MARKING SCHEME
EXTRACTION OF METALS MARKING SCHEME 1. a) Iron is extracted from Iron pyrite / FeS 2 siderite /FeCO 3, magnetite / Fe 3O 4 and haematite / Fe 2O 3 Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite / Al 2O 3. 2H 2O Feldspar
More informationGENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY
GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY 1. What is matrix? The ore is generally associated with rock impurities like clay, sand etc. called gangue or matrix 2. What is mineral? The natural
More informationGeneral Information about the Chemicals content of portable rechargeable batteries. Waste Classification Criteria
General Information about the Chemicals content of portable rechargeable batteries. Waste Classification Criteria 1. LITHIUM-ION Electrochemical Reaction Li (1-X) CoO 2 + C y Li x === LiCoO 2 + C y 2.
More informationالجامعة التكنولوجية قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية هندسة التاكل بشير ا حمد
الجامعة التكنولوجية قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية الرابعة المرحلة هندسة التاكل م. بشير ا حمد Save from: http://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-chem-eng/index.htm TYPES OF CORROSION CELLS There are several types of
More informationOne of the main ores of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. There are two stages in the extraction of zinc from this ore.
1 Two of the main uses of zinc are for galvanising and for making alloys. One of the main ores of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. There are two stages in the extraction of zinc from this ore. (a) Stage 1 Zinc
More informationChapter 16 Corrosion and Degradation of Materials
Chapter 16 Corrosion and Degradation of Materials Concept Check 16.1 Question: Would you expect iron to corrode in water of high purity? Why or why not? Answer: Iron would not corrode in water of high
More informationSummer-2016 Subject Code: Applied Science (Chemistry) Page No: 1/12
(ISO/IEC - 700-005 Certified) Summer-06 Subject Code: 7 Applied Science (Chemistry) Page No: / No. Sub. Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word
More informationZn(s) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Oxidation Anode Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Cu (s) Reduction Cathode
Zn(s) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Oxidation Anode Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Cu (s) Reduction Cathode Anode: H 2 (g) 2 H + (aq) + 2 e - Cathode: ½ O 2 (g) + 2 H + (aq) + 2 e - H 2 O (l) Net: ½ O 2 (g) + H 2 (g) H 2 O (l)
More informationChemical reactions and electrolysis
Chemical reactions and electrolysis Higher Revision Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 95 minutes Marks: 95 marks Comments: Page of 29 (a) Magnesium metal is shaped to make magnesium ribbon. Explain why
More informationBORABU-MASABA DISTRICTS JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2012 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
Name. School Candidate s Signature. Index No /. Date. 233/2 CHEMISTRY Paper 2 (Theory) JULY / AUGUST - 2012 Time: 2 Hours BORABU-MASABA DISTRICTS JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2012 Kenya Certificate of Secondary
More informationThe final oxidation product, iron (III), then combines with oxygen and water to form iron (III) oxide, or "rust".
EXPERIMENT 19 Corrosion and Electrolytic Cells CORROSION OF IRON Corrosion is a naturally occurring redox process that oxidizes metals to their oxides and/or sulfides. In Part A we will be focusing primarily
More informationNational 5 Chemistry. Chemistry In Society. Topic 7 Metal Chemistry
Student: Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry In Society Topic 7 Metal Chemistry Topics Sections Done Checked 7.1 Oxidation & Consolidation Work End-of-Topic Assessment 1. A Brief History Lesson 2. Redox Reactions
More informationAluminium Occurrence
Aluminium Occurrence Aluminium is the most abundant ( 8.13 % ) metallic element in the earth s crust and after oxygen and silicon, the third most abundant of all elements in the crust. Because of its strong
More informationMaterials are all substances and include metals, ceramics and plastics as well as natural and new substances.
National 4 Materials It is hard to imagine life without mobile gadgets such as iphones, ipads and MP3 players. Yet twenty years ago these handy gadgets such as the mobile phone where bigger and cost five
More informationNCERT solutions for Metals and Non Metals
NCERT solutions for Metals and Non Metals 1 Question 1 Give an example of a metal which (i) is a liquid at room temperature. (ii) can be easily cut with a knife. (iii) is the best conductor of heat. (iv)
More informationELECTROCHEMISTRY: ELECTROPLATING
ELECTROCHEMISTRY: ELECTROPLATING Hello, I m Hafizah, a chemistry teacher from Muar Science School in Malaysia. We are going to discuss about an interesting chemistry topic related to electroplating but
More informationKammel s Quo Vadis Hydrometallurgy 6, June 2012, Herlany, Slovakia
Kammel s Quo Vadis Hydrometallurgy, 0. 07. June 0, Herlany, Slovakia RECOVERY OF COBALT AND LITHIUM FROM SPENT PORTABLE LITHIUM ACCUMULATORS AFTER INCINERATION Martina Petranikova ), Andrea Miskufova ),
More informationMain presentation title
Main presentation title Presentation sub-title Developments in battery chemistries Dr. Marcel Meeus (Umicore): Agenda 1. Umicore materials supplier to the battery industry 2. Generic insight battery technologies,
More informationNABTEB Past Questions and Answers - Uploaded online QUESTION AND ANSWER
QUESTION AND ANSWER CHEMISTRY, MAY/JUNE 2009 Section B (Essay 100 marks) Time: 1 hour 40 mins 1. Starting from bauxite, explain how to obtain pure aluminium metal i. Dissolve the impure bauxite in hot
More information2. Wet Corrosion: Characteristics, Prevention and Corrosion Rate
2. Wet Corrosion: Characteristics, Prevention and Corrosion Rate Mighty ships upon the ocean suffer from severe corrosion. Even those that stay at dockside are rapidly becoming oxide Alas, that piling
More informationUnit 5 ~ Learning Guide Name:
Unit 5 ~ Learning Guide Name: Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have
More informationCorrosion Control and Cathodic Protection Data Sheet
Data Sheet CORROSION CONTROL Corrosion control is the application of engineering principles and procedures to minimise corrosion to an acceptable level by the most economical method. It is rarely practical
More informationChapter 3: Metals and Non-metals Question 1: Define amphoteric oxides. Give two examples. Answer: Oxides that react with both acids and bases to form
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals Question 1: Define amphoteric oxides. Give two examples. Oxides that react with both acids and bases to form salt and water are known as amphoteric oxides. Examples: PbO
More informationGroup A Good Earth School Naduveerapattu Chemistry Worksheet Class X Metallurgy (1) Name a metal which has the following properties.
Group A Good Earth School Naduveerapattu Chemistry Worksheet Class X Metallurgy (1) Name a metal which has the following properties. 1. Is a liquid at ordinary temperatures. 2. Has a low boiling point
More informationOn-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Equipment
On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation Equipment Water Arabia - 2015 Electrolysis A Process that decomposes a chemical compound into its elements or produces a new compound by the action of an electrical
More informationMaterials of Engineering ENGR 151 CORROSION ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 CORROSION ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES more anodic (active) more cathodic (inert) GALVANIC SERIES Ranking of the reactivity of metals/alloys in seawater Platinum Gold Graphite
More information(a) To find out which is the more reactive metal, zinc or tin, the following experiment could be carried out. piece of zinc shiny surface
1 The reactivity series lists metals in order of reactivity. (a) To find out which is the more reactive metal, zinc or tin, the following experiment could be carried out. piece of zinc shiny surface tin(ii)
More informationSet 3 Marking Scheme : Electrochemistry Na +, H + -, NO 3, OH -, OH - Na +, H + OH - Its lower than in electrochemical series
8. Write the formula of all ions present in the electrolyte. Write the formula of ion/ions which is/are attracted to anode and cathode. Which is selectively discharged? Give a reason. Write the half equation
More informationGraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical changes
A. Reactivity of metals The reactivity series, metal oxides and extractions 1. Three metals, X, Y and Z were put into water. The reactions are shown below: a) Use the diagrams to put metals X, Y and Z
More informationImportant Instructions to examiners:
(ISO/IEC - 700-005 Certified) Winter-0 Examination Subject Code: 7 : Applied Science (Chemistry) Page No: / Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as
More informationAssignments. 1. Prepare Galvanic series for metals and alloys in flowing sea water. Compare this with the series available for stagnant sea water.
Assignments 1. Prepare Galvanic series for metals and alloys in flowing sea water. Compare this with the series available for stagnant sea water. 2. Construct the Eh ph diagram for the Zn H 2 O O 2 system
More informationUNIT- 6 PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF EXTRACTION OF METALS.
UNIT- 6 PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF EXTRACTION OF METALS. I. ONE MARK QUESTIONS: 1. Name an important ore of Aluminium. Ans: Bauxite 2. Give the composition of copper pyrites. A: CuFeS2 3. What is meant
More informationElectrochemistry. The Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite Electrolysis of Molten Aluminium Oxide
The Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite Electrolysis of Molten Aluminium Oxide What are some industrial applications of electrolysis? The metallic element aluminium has played an essential role in 20
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) WINTER 16 EXAMINATION Model Answer
WINTER 6 EXAMINATION Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. ) The model answer and the answer written
More informationCorrosion and batteries
Corrosion and batteries Corrosion is a process of gradual destruction of metal from its surface due to its unwanted chemical or electrochemical interaction of metal. Ore of metal which is stable and is
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043. FRESHMAN ENGINEERING Unit-I Electro Chemistry and Corrosion Synopsis: 1.1 Electrochemistry & Batteries 1.1.1 Concept of electrochemistry-
More informationDURATION: 1 hour 30 minutes
1 Our country, our future 545/1 S4 CHEMISTRY Exam 14 PAPER 1 DURATION: 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions - This paper consists of 50 compulsory objective questions - Answer the questions by writing the correct
More information1. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
1. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides. Amphoteric oxides are the oxides, which react with both acids and bases to form salt and water. E.g. ZnO and Al 2 O 3. 2. Name two
More informationExemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Chemistry Level 3
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Chemistry Level 3 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard AS91393 Demonstrate understanding of oxidation-reduction processes An annotated
More informationMT - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - II (72) - SEMI PRELIM - I : PAPER - 5
MT 07 00 MT - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - II (7) - SEMI PRELIM - I : PAPER - 5 Time : Hours Semi Prelim - I : Model Answer Paper Max. Marks : 40 A.. (A) Fill in the blanks : () Variation gives rise to variety
More information